K / Ka dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized common-aperture array antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a K / Ka dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized common-aperture array antenna and electronic equipment, and the antenna comprises a circularly-polarized radiator which is used for achieving the conversion and separation of a left-hand circularly-polarized signal and a right-hand circularly-polarized signal at the same time; the circularly polarized radiator is provided with a coaxial probe feed port, is electrically connected with the feed transmission unit and is used for transmitting signal energy of the feed transmission unit to the circularly polarized radiator, so that the circularly polarized radiator is excited to generate left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves or right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves; the feed transmission unit comprises a left-hand circularly-polarized feed transmission network and a right-hand circularly-polarized feed transmission network, and is used for transmitting signal energy to the coaxial probe feed port from the outside, exciting the circularly-polarized radiator through the coaxial probe, and radiating the energy to a free space; and meanwhile, conversion and separation of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized signals are realized, an additional orthogonal mode converter is not needed, and the antenna has the advantages of miniaturization and low profile.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and in particular to a K / Ka dual-frequency dual-circular polarization common-aperture array antenna and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] Nowadays, satellite communications have been established in many fields due to its wide communication coverage and large capacity. In the era of rapid development of global communication services, spectrum resources are scarce and crowded. Therefore, increasing system channel capacity and polarization flexibility are particularly important in the next generation of satellite communications. In particular, the demand for K and Ka band broadband communication applications has been steadily increasing.

[0003] At present, the common forms of satellite antenna design are: one is microstrip or SIW antenna. They have the advantages of easy processing and low cost, but they have high losses, which reduces the antenna efficiency. The other is based on air waveguide antennas. Air waveguides have the advantages of low loss and high efficiency, but they have a high profile and high cost. There are two mainstream design schemes for the K / Ka dual-band dual-circular co-aperture antenna designed with air waveguide: one is to use a dual-polarized antenna and a 3dB coupler. The difficulty of this scheme lies in designing a coupler that provides a stable 90° phase shift within the K / Ka broadband, and the overall profile of the antenna is high. Another scheme is to use a partition circular polarizer. This scheme has a simple structure, but the feeding space is compact and the feeding network layout is difficult.

[0004] In summary, designing a K / Ka dual-band dual-circular polarization co-aperture antenna with easy structure, low profile and high efficiency is one of the problems that need to be solved at present. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized common aperture array antenna, which is designed based on a baffle circular polarizer and can simultaneously realize the conversion and separation of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized signals, does not require an additional orthogonal mode converter, and has the advantages of miniaturization and low profile. The present invention improves the traditional baffle circular polarizer, loads symmetrically distributed metal ridges at the bottom of the traditional baffle polarizer for impedance matching, expands the bandwidth and makes the structure compact. The excitation port of the baffle circular polarizer is optimized from the traditional rectangular waveguide excitation to the coaxial probe excitation, which is convenient for the design of the feeding network when the antenna array is formed, and enriches the diversity of the feeding network form.

[0006] The present invention provides a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized common aperture array antenna, comprising: a circularly polarized radiator and a feeding transmission unit, wherein the circularly polarized radiator and the feeding transmission unit are electrically connected. The circularly polarized radiator is used to simultaneously realize the conversion and separation of left-hand circularly polarized signals and right-hand circularly polarized signals; The circularly polarized radiator is provided with a coaxial probe feeding port, which is electrically connected to the feeding transmission unit and is used to transmit the signal energy of the feeding transmission unit to the circularly polarized radiator, thereby exciting the circularly polarized radiator to generate left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves or right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves; The feeding transmission unit includes a left-hand circularly polarized feeding transmission network and a right-hand circularly polarized feeding transmission network, which are used to transmit signal energy from the outside to the coaxial probe feeding port, and stimulate the circularly polarized radiator through the coaxial probe to radiate energy into free space.

[0007] Preferably, the circularly polarized radiator is a baffle circular polarizer based on an air waveguide, the baffle circular polarizer comprises a waveguide cavity, a metal step and a coaxial probe, the metal step is arranged inside the waveguide cavity, and the coaxial probe is arranged at the bottom of the waveguide cavity; The metal step comprises a first step matching section, a second step matching section, a first feed metal ridge, a second feed metal ridge and an intermediate metal step, The first step matching section is used to expand the left-hand circular polarization impedance matching bandwidth; The second step matching section is used to expand the right-hand circular polarization impedance matching bandwidth; A first feeding metal ridge is connected to the coaxial probe input port of the circularly polarized radiator and is used to feed the energy of the feeding transmission unit into the circularly polarized radiator to improve the extended impedance matching bandwidth without deteriorating the axial ratio; A second feeding metal ridge is connected to the coaxial probe input port of the circularly polarized radiator and is used to feed the energy of the feeding transmission unit into the circularly polarized radiator to improve the extended impedance matching bandwidth without deteriorating the axial ratio; The middle metal step is used to convert the linear polarization wave fed by the coaxial probe into a circular polarization wave.

[0008] Preferably, the intermediate metal step is arranged in the middle of the waveguide cavity, the first feeding metal ridge and the second feeding metal ridge are respectively arranged on both sides of the intermediate metal step, the second step matching section and the first step matching section are arranged on the inner wall of the waveguide cavity, the first step matching section and the first feeding metal ridge are arranged opposite to each other, the second step matching section and the second feeding metal ridge are arranged opposite to each other, and the first step matching section and the second step matching section are arranged opposite to each other, which can expand the low-frequency bandwidth of the circularly polarized radiator.

[0009] Preferably, when the operating frequency is given, the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted in the waveguide cavity is smaller than the cutoff wavelength of the transmission mode, so as to ensure that the electromagnetic wave can propagate in the waveguide cavity.

[0010] Preferably, the intermediate metal step is arranged on the bottom surface of the waveguide cavity, and the bottom surface of the waveguide cavity is divided into two equal rectangular end faces on the left and right by the intermediate metal step, forming a left-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face and a right-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face of equal size; a left-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe and a right-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe are provided on the left-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face and the right-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face, the left-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe is inserted from the left-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face to the bottom of the first feeding metal ridge and connected to the first feeding metal ridge, and the right-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe is inserted from the right-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face to the bottom of the second feeding metal ridge and connected to the second feeding metal ridge.

[0011] Preferably, the transmission line form adopted by the feeding transmission unit includes any one of microstrip line, stripline, coplanar waveguide transmission line and related planar transmission line, air waveguide, air gap waveguide, ridge gap waveguide transmission line and related three-dimensional transmission line, or a hybrid structure of any one planar transmission line and any one three-dimensional transmission line.

[0012] Preferably, the circularly polarized radiator is an integrated structure realized by metal CNC or plastic metallization process.

[0013] Preferably, the array antenna is configured as an array antenna with 2×2 radiation ports operating within the K / Ka frequency band, or an array antenna extended to n*n radiation ports, where n>=2.

[0014] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna as described in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Compared with the existing technology, the technical effects produced are: The K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized common aperture array antenna provided by the present invention is a dual circularly polarized array antenna based on an air waveguide structure. Compared with the traditional method of realizing dual circles by using multilayer dielectric plates such as crossed dipoles and cross-slot coupled cavity back square patches, the present invention has the advantages of low loss, wide bandwidth, and high efficiency. The present invention uses a partition circular polarizer as the basic unit of the antenna, which can simultaneously realize the conversion and separation of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized signals. Compared with the method of using a traditional orthogonal mode coupler (OMT) to first generate two orthogonal linear polarizations and then use a 3dB coupler to synthesize circular polarization, the method based on the present invention does not require the design of a coupler, and has no requirements for the phase of the entire feeding network, and the structural design is simpler. In addition, according to the antenna array theory, the period of adjacent radiation ports of the array antenna needs to be less than the free space wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency, which makes the layout space of the feeding network limited. When a conventional partition circular polarizer is used to design an array antenna, a 1-to-4 cavity is often superimposed on the radiation port of the partition circular polarizer to expand the feed layout space. However, this 1-to-4 cavity may introduce high-order modes, causing grating lobes to appear in the array radiation pattern. The partition circular polarization feed port of the present invention adopts coaxial probe excitation. Compared with the traditional method of directly exciting the partition circular polarizer at the rectangular waveguide port, the feed network layout space of the present invention is relatively large, and a one-to-one correspondence between the feed port and the radiation port can be achieved. No additional 1-to-4 cavity is introduced, which suppresses the generation of grating lobes. In addition, the relatively large space makes the feed network design diversified to meet different design requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2-1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a circularly polarized radiator of a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2-2 It is a side schematic diagram of a circularly polarized radiator of a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3-1 It is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram of the feeding transmission unit of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3-2 It is a partial top view of the planar transmission line of the feed transmission unit of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3-3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a three-dimensional waveguide transmission line portion of a feeding transmission unit of a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a reflection coefficient curve diagram of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna feeding transmission unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is an amplitude response curve diagram of each output port of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna feeding transmission unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a phase response curve diagram of each output port of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna feeding transmission unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a top view of the feeding transmission unit of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9-1 A top view of a feed transition portion of a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized common-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9-2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the feed transition portion of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 It is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a top view of the feeding transmission unit of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12-1 It is a structural diagram of a T-shaped square coaxial power divider of a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12-2 It is a structural diagram of the square coaxial-probe converter of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Embodiment 1 like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna, comprising: a circularly polarized radiator 11 and a feeding transmission unit 12, wherein the circularly polarized radiator 11 and the feeding transmission unit 12 are electrically connected, and the circularly polarized radiator 11 is used to simultaneously realize the conversion and separation of left-hand circularly polarized signals and right-hand circularly polarized signals; a coaxial probe feeding port is provided on the circularly polarized radiator 11, which is electrically connected to the feeding transmission unit 12, and is used to transmit the signal energy of the feeding transmission unit 12 to the circularly polarized radiator 11, thereby exciting the circularly polarized radiator 11 to generate left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves or right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves; the feeding transmission unit 12 comprises a left-hand circularly polarized feeding transmission network and a right-hand circularly polarized feeding transmission network, and is used to transmit the signal energy from the outside to the coaxial probe feeding port, and stimulate the circularly polarized radiator 11 through the coaxial probe to radiate the energy into the free space. The transmission line form adopted by the feeding transmission unit 12 can be any form of planar transmission line such as microstrip line, strip line, coplanar waveguide transmission line, or three-dimensional transmission line such as air waveguide, air gap waveguide, ridge gap waveguide transmission line, or a hybrid structure of planar transmission line and three-dimensional transmission line can also be adopted.

[0019] Refer to Figures 2_1 and 2-2, which are respectively a three-dimensional schematic diagram and a side schematic diagram of the circularly polarized radiator of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna of the embodiment. The circularly polarized radiator 11 is a baffle circular polarizer 11 based on an air waveguide, and the baffle circular polarizer 11 includes a waveguide cavity 21, a metal step 22 and a coaxial probe 23, the metal step 22 is arranged inside the waveguide cavity 21, and the coaxial probe 23 is arranged at the bottom of the waveguide cavity 21; the metal step 22 includes a first step matching section 2201, i.e. a left-handed step matching section, a second step matching section 2202, i.e. a right-handed step matching section, a first feeding metal ridge 2203, i.e. a left-handed feeding metal ridge, a second feeding metal ridge 2204, i.e. a right-handed feeding metal ridge and an intermediate metal step 2205, i.e. a circularly polarized baffle metal step, and the first step matching section 2201 is used to extend the left-handed circularly polarized impedance matching. bandwidth; a second step matching section 2202, used to expand the right-hand circularly polarized impedance matching bandwidth; a first feeding metal ridge 2203, connected to the coaxial probe 23 of the circularly polarized radiator 11, used to feed the energy of the feeding transmission unit 12 into the circularly polarized radiator 11, and improve the extended impedance matching bandwidth without deteriorating the axial ratio; a second feeding metal ridge 2204, connected to the coaxial probe 23 of the circularly polarized radiator 11, used to feed the energy of the feeding transmission unit 12 into the circularly polarized radiator 11, and improve the extended impedance matching bandwidth without deteriorating the axial ratio; an intermediate metal step 2205, used to convert the linear polarized wave fed by the coaxial probe into a circularly polarized wave. The circularly polarized radiator is an integrated structure realized by metal CNC or plastic metallization process.

[0020] Specifically, the middle metal step 2205 is arranged in the middle of the waveguide cavity 21, the first feeding metal ridge 2203 and the second feeding metal ridge 2204 are arranged on both sides of the middle metal step 2205, respectively, the second step matching section 2202 and the first step matching section 2201 are arranged on the wall of the waveguide cavity 21, the first step matching section 2201 and the first feeding metal ridge 2203 are arranged oppositely, the second step matching section 2202 and the second feeding metal ridge 2204 are arranged oppositely, and the first step matching section 2201 and the second step matching section 2202 are arranged oppositely, which can expand the low-frequency bandwidth of the circularly polarized radiator 11. Wherein, when the working frequency is given, the working wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted in the waveguide cavity 21 is less than the cutoff wavelength of the transmission mode, so as to ensure that the electromagnetic wave can propagate in the waveguide cavity. The intermediate metal step 2205 is composed of a number of rectangular metal blocks of different sizes. The number and size of the rectangular metal blocks affect the circular polarization performance of the circular polarization radiator 11, i.e., the axial ratio, and also affect the impedance matching, and need to be optimized and adjusted according to actual needs. The width of the intermediate metal step 2205 is smaller than the width of the waveguide cavity 21, and the height of the intermediate metal step 2205 is lower than the height of the waveguide cavity 21. The bottom surface of the intermediate metal step 2205 is flush with the bottom surface of the waveguide cavity 21, the rear wall of the intermediate metal step 2205 is connected to the rear wall of the waveguide cavity 21, and the front wall of the bottom metal step rectangular block of the intermediate metal step 2205 is connected to the front wall of the waveguide cavity 21.

[0021] The middle metal step 2205 is arranged on the bottom surface of the waveguide cavity 21, and the bottom surface of the waveguide cavity 21 is divided into two equal rectangular end faces on the left and right by the middle metal step 2205, forming a left-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face and a right-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face of equal size; a left-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe and a right-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe are provided on the left-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face and the right-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face, the left-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe is inserted from the left-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face to the bottom of the first feeding metal ridge 2203 and connected to the first feeding metal ridge 2203, and the right-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe is inserted from the right-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face to the bottom of the second feeding metal ridge 2204 and connected to the second feeding metal ridge 2204. The first feeding metal ridge 2203 and the second feeding metal ridge 2204 are respectively placed on two sides of the middle metal step 2205 , and are respectively connected to two side walls of the middle metal step 2205 .

[0022] This embodiment is a 2×2 dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna operating in the K / Ka band. It can be subsequently expanded to an n×n array antenna based on the 2×2 array antenna by simply building a single-ridged waveguide feeding network cascade. The feeding transmission unit 12 adopts a hybrid feeding form of a planar transmission line stripline and a three-dimensional transmission line single-ridged waveguide, which can not only reduce the overall loss of the feeding network, but also complete the one-to-one layout design of feeding radiation in a limited space. Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the 2×2K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized common-aperture array antenna of the embodiment, including a circularly polarized radiator 11 and a feeding transmission unit 12.

[0023] Refer to Figure 3_1, which is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram of the feeding transmission unit of the embodiment 2×2K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized common-aperture array antenna. The feeding transmission unit 12 has two independent feeding networks, which are left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized feeding networks, respectively. Each feeding network is composed of a mixture of planar transmission line strip lines and three-dimensional transmission line single-ridged waveguides. The structural designs of the two feeding networks are similar. Their planar transmission line parts are located on the same layer, and the three-dimensional single-ridged waveguide transmission lines are located at different height layers to avoid the intersection of left and right feeding networks. Since the structures of the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized feeding networks are similar, only the design ideas of the right-handed circularly polarized feeding network, that is, the feeding network located on the left, are described in detail here.

[0024] In this embodiment, the feed transmission unit 12 mainly includes a dielectric substrate 31 and a feed transition portion 32. A stripline I-shaped 1-to-4 power divider 34 is provided on the dielectric substrate 31. Referring to FIG3_2 and FIG3_3, FIG3_2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the planar transmission line portion of the feed transmission unit of the embodiment 2×2K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna; FIG3_3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the three-dimensional waveguide transmission line portion of the feed transmission unit of the embodiment 2×2K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna. Grounded metal through holes 3401 are arranged around the stripline I-shaped 1-to-4 power divider 34. The grounded metal through holes 3401 are used for connecting the layers of the dielectric substrate 31 to suppress unnecessary resonances that may be generated in some dielectric substrates 31. The input and output ports of the stripline I-shaped 1-to-4 power divider 34 transmit signals to the bottom layer and the top layer of the dielectric substrate 31 through vias. The input end pad of the stripline I-shaped 1-to-4 power divider 34 is connected to the output port of the feed transition part 32 by welding. The output end pad of the stripline I-shaped 1-to-4 power divider 34 is connected to the coaxial probe feeding port 23 on the circularly polarized radiator 11 by welding, which is used to feed the energy of the feed transmission unit 12 into the circularly polarized radiator 11. The stripline I-shaped 1-to-4 power divider 34 is provided with an impedance transformation part 3402, an impedance transformation part 3403, and an impedance transformation part 3404 to achieve better impedance matching. The feeding transition part 32 is used to realize the transition from the planar transmission line to the three-dimensional transmission line, and the feeding transition part includes a first waveguide cavity 3201, a first metal ridge 3202, an impedance transformation part 3203, and a first probe 3204. The first metal ridge 3202 is arranged inside the first waveguide cavity 3201 to form a single-ridge transmission line. The impedance transformation part 3203 is arranged inside the first waveguide cavity 3201, one end of the impedance transformation part 3203 is connected to the first metal ridge 3202, and the other end of the impedance transformation part 3203 is connected to the first probe 3204 to achieve better impedance matching. The first probe 3204 is connected to the output end pad of the stripline I-shaped 1-to-4 power divider 34, and the connection method can be welding.

[0025] refer to Figure 1As shown in Figure 2, this embodiment improves the traditional baffle circular polarizer by loading symmetrically distributed metal ridges at the bottom of the traditional baffle polarizer for impedance matching, which expands the bandwidth while making the structure compact. The excitation port of the baffle circular polarizer is optimized from the traditional rectangular waveguide excitation to the coaxial probe excitation, which is convenient for the design of the feeding network when the antenna array is formed and enriches the diversity of the feeding network form. Referring to Figure 3_1, this embodiment adopts a hybrid feeding form of planar transmission line stripline and three-dimensional transmission line single ridge waveguide, which can not only reduce the overall loss of the feeding network, but also complete the one-to-one layout design of feeding radiation in a limited space, and the feeding network has a wide bandwidth, good impedance matching, and all output ports are consistent in amplitude. Reference Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a reflection coefficient curve of the feeding transmission unit of the 2×2K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized common aperture array antenna in the embodiment. It can be seen that within the working frequency bands of 18.7-19.2GHz and 29.2-30GHz, the reflection coefficients of both left-handed and right-handed feeding transmission networks are lower than -15dB. Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 They are respectively the amplitude response and phase response curves of each output port of the feeding transmission unit of the 2×2K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna in the embodiment. It can be seen that the amplitude and phase of all output ports of the left-handed and right-handed feeding transmission networks are basically consistent in the working frequency bands of 18.7-19.2 GHz and 29.2-30 GHz, and the uniform amplitude and phase distribution of the feeding network enables a good axial ratio to be maintained when the subsequent antenna array is formed.

[0026] This embodiment only provides a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna with 2×2 circularly polarized radiating units, and its structure can be further expanded to a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna with n×n circularly polarized radiating units.

[0027] Embodiment 2 This embodiment is a dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna operating in the K / Ka frequency band. Figure 7 , Figure 7 It is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram of a dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna within the K / Ka frequency band of an embodiment, including a circularly polarized radiator 11 and a feeding transmission unit 12 .

[0028] refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8It is a top view of the feeding transmission unit of the embodiment K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized common aperture array antenna. The feeding transmission unit 12 mainly includes a dielectric substrate 31 and a feeding transition part 32. A stripline I-shaped 1-to-4 power divider 34 is provided on the dielectric substrate 31. Referring to Figures 9_1 and 9_2, Figures 9_1 and 9_2 are respectively a top view and an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram of the feeding transition part of the dual circularly polarized common aperture array antenna within the K / Ka frequency band of the embodiment. The feeding transition part 32 is a conversion structure from a probe to a Gap ridge waveguide, and the probe is welded to the input port pad of the stripline I-shaped 1-to-4 power divider 34, and the feeding transition part 32 is used to transition the planar transmission line to a three-dimensional Gap ridge waveguide transmission line. This embodiment transitions the planar transmission line to a Gap waveguide transmission line, and compared with the feeding transmission unit using all planar transmission lines such as microstrip lines, strip lines, and coplanar waveguides, the feeding network loss is low. Compared with the use of traditional air waveguides, the use of Gap waveguides does not require strict electrical connection during the processing and assembly process, reducing the difficulty of processing. The feed transition part 32 includes a metal plate 3211, a periodic metal nail 3212, a second metal ridge 3213, a short-circuit metal plate 3214, and a second probe 3215. The two metal plates 3211, the periodic metal nail 3212 and the second metal ridge 3213 together constitute a ridge-type Gap waveguide, and the short-circuit metal plate 3214 is connected to the second metal ridge 3213. The impedance matching can be optimized by adjusting the distance from the short-circuit metal plate 3214 to the second probe 3215. The second probe 3215 and the second metal ridge 3213 are not directly electrically connected, and a coupled excitation method is adopted, which is convenient for assembly and does not require welding.

[0029] It should be noted that this embodiment only provides a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna with 2×2 circularly polarized radiating units, and its structure can be further expanded to a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna with n×n circularly polarized radiating units. It is only necessary to construct a power division network based on a ridge-type Gap waveguide transmission line and cascade it with (n / 2)*(n / 2) 2×2 K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antennas.

[0030] Embodiment 3 This embodiment is a dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna operating in the K / Ka frequency band. Fig.10 , Fig.10 It is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram of a dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna within the K / Ka frequency band of an embodiment, including a circularly polarized radiator 11 and a feeding transmission unit 12 .

[0031] refer to Fig.11 , Fig.11It is a top view of the feeding transmission unit 12 of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna within the K / Ka frequency band of the embodiment. The feeding transmission unit 12 has two independent feeding networks, which are left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized feeding networks. Since the structures of the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized feeding networks are similar, only the design idea of ​​the right-handed circularly polarized feeding network is described in detail here, that is, the feeding network located on the left. The feeding transmission unit 12 includes a T-type square coaxial power divider 1201 and a square coaxial-probe converter 1202. Three of the T-type square coaxial power dividers 1201 are cascaded to form a 1-to-4 I-shaped square coaxial power division network, and the four output ports are respectively connected to one of the square coaxial-probe converters 1202. Refer to Figure 12_1, Figure 12_1 is a structural diagram of the T-type square coaxial power divider of the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna of the embodiment. The T-shaped square coaxial power divider 1201 comprises a cavity 1201_1, a metal inner core 1201_2, and a matching metal plate 1201_3. The metal inner core 1201_2 has a triangular depression at the intersection of the input and output branches of the T-shaped square coaxial power divider 1201, which is used to adjust the impedance matching of the T-shaped square coaxial power divider 1201. The two matching metal plates 1201_3 are arranged inside the T-shaped square coaxial power divider 1201, respectively connected to the upper side wall and the lower side wall of the cavity 1201_1, and are used to adjust the impedance matching of the T-shaped square coaxial power divider 1201. Referring to Figure 12_2, Figure 12_2 is a structural diagram of the square coaxial-probe converter of the dual circularly polarized common-aperture array antenna within the K / Ka frequency band of the embodiment. The square coaxial-probe converter 1202 comprises a cavity 1202_1, a metal inner core 1202_2, an impedance matching section 1202_3 and a coaxial probe 1202_4, wherein the metal inner core 1202_2 is disposed inside the cavity 1202_1 to form a coaxial transmission line. The impedance matching section 1202-3 is used to connect the coaxial transmission line with the coaxial probe 1202_4, and the impedance matching of the square coaxial-probe converter can be optimized by adjusting the size of the impedance matching section 1202_3.

[0032] It should be noted that this embodiment only provides a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna with 2×2 circularly polarized radiating units, and its structure can be further expanded to a K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antenna with n×n circularly polarized radiating units. It is only necessary to construct a feeding network based on a T-type square coaxial power divider and cascade it with (n / 2)*(n / 2) 2×2K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized co-aperture array antennas.

[0033] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized common-aperture array antenna as described in Example 1 of the present invention. The principle is the same as the array antenna described in the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna, characterized in that: include: A circularly polarized radiator and a feeding transmission unit, wherein the circularly polarized radiator and the feeding transmission unit are electrically connected, The circularly polarized radiator is used to simultaneously realize the conversion and separation of left-hand circularly polarized signals and right-hand circularly polarized signals; The circularly polarized radiator is provided with a coaxial probe feeding port, which is electrically connected to the feeding transmission unit and is used to transmit the signal energy of the feeding transmission unit to the circularly polarized radiator, thereby exciting the circularly polarized radiator to generate left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves or right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves; The feeding transmission unit includes a left-hand circularly polarized feeding transmission network and a right-hand circularly polarized feeding transmission network, which are used to transmit signal energy from the outside to the coaxial probe feeding port, and stimulate the circularly polarized radiator through the coaxial probe to radiate energy into free space.

2. The K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circularly polarized radiator is a baffle circular polarizer based on an air waveguide, and the baffle circular polarizer comprises a waveguide cavity, a metal step and a coaxial probe, wherein the metal step is arranged inside the waveguide cavity, and the coaxial probe is arranged at the bottom of the waveguide cavity; The metal step comprises a first step matching section, a second step matching section, a first feed metal ridge, a second feed metal ridge and an intermediate metal step, The first step matching section is used to expand the left-hand circular polarization impedance matching bandwidth; The second step matching section is used to expand the right-hand circular polarization impedance matching bandwidth; A first feeding metal ridge is connected to the coaxial probe input port of the circularly polarized radiator and is used to feed the energy of the feeding transmission unit into the circularly polarized radiator to improve the extended impedance matching bandwidth without deteriorating the axial ratio; A second feeding metal ridge is connected to the coaxial probe input port of the circularly polarized radiator and is used to feed the energy of the feeding transmission unit into the circularly polarized radiator to improve the extended impedance matching bandwidth without deteriorating the axial ratio; The middle metal step is used to convert the linear polarization wave fed by the coaxial probe into a circular polarization wave.

3. The K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The middle metal step is arranged in the middle of the waveguide cavity, the first feeding metal ridge and the second feeding metal ridge are respectively arranged on both sides of the middle metal step, the second step matching section and the first step matching section are arranged on the inner wall of the waveguide cavity, the first step matching section and the first feeding metal ridge are arranged opposite to each other, the second step matching section and the second feeding metal ridge are arranged opposite to each other, and the first step matching section and the second step matching section are arranged opposite to each other, which can expand the low-frequency bandwidth of the circularly polarized radiator.

4. The K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the working frequency is given, the working wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted in the waveguide cavity is smaller than the cutoff wavelength of the transmission mode, so as to ensure that the electromagnetic wave can propagate in the waveguide cavity.

5. The K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The middle metal step is arranged on the bottom surface of the waveguide cavity, and the bottom surface of the waveguide cavity is divided into two equal rectangular end faces on the left and the right by the middle metal step, forming a left-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face and a right-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face of equal size; a left-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe and a right-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe are arranged on the left-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face and the right-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face, the left-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe is inserted from the left-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face to the bottom of the first feeding metal ridge and connected to the first feeding metal ridge, and the right-hand circularly polarized coaxial probe is inserted from the right-hand circularly polarized rectangular waveguide input end face to the bottom of the second feeding metal ridge and connected to the second feeding metal ridge.

6. The K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission line form adopted by the feeding transmission unit includes any one of microstrip line, stripline, coplanar waveguide transmission line and related planar transmission line, air waveguide, air gap waveguide, ridge gap waveguide transmission line and related three-dimensional transmission line, or a hybrid structure of any planar transmission line and any three-dimensional transmission line.

7. The K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circularly polarized radiator is an integrated structure realized by metal CNC or plastic metallization process.

8. The K / Ka dual-frequency dual circular polarization common aperture array antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The array antenna is configured as an array antenna with 2×2 radiation ports operating within the K / Ka frequency band, or an array antenna extended to n*n radiation ports, where n>=2.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: It comprises the K / Ka dual-frequency dual circularly polarized common aperture array antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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