A channel detection method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium

Abstract

This invention discloses a channel detection method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium, applied in the field of mobile communications. The method includes: a transmitting end obtaining an AFDM signal containing a detection signal and a guard interval based on the characteristics of the channel to be detected, and transmitting it to a receiving end through the channel to be detected. The receiving end performs threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain gain, delay, and Doppler frequency shift, and performs Monte Carlo statistical analysis to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected. This method utilizes AFDM waveforms to detect the channel, ensuring real-time performance and accuracy even in high-dynamic scenarios. Furthermore, it directly obtains the channel's gain, delay, and Doppler frequency shift without additional processing steps, thus obtaining the channel's power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum, thereby improving the efficiency of channel detection. It also integrates the communication waveform and the detection waveform, saving resources and improving efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mobile communications, and in particular to a channel detection method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional channel detection schemes primarily rely on pseudo-random (PN) sequence correlation methods. The core principle of this approach is that the transmitter uses a pre-known PN sequence to perform correlation calculations with the received signal, and analyzes the strength of the correlation output to determine the channel state, thereby optimizing and improving the communication system. However, in highly dynamic scenarios, such as mobile communications, drone communications, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) applications, the channel changes very rapidly, potentially multiple times within milliseconds. In such cases, traditional PN sequence correlation methods often fail to meet the requirements of real-time performance and accuracy. The rapid channel changes render the channel information obtained through traditional methods quickly obsolete.

[0003] Considering the limitations of traditional PN sequence detection methods in highly dynamic scenarios, there is an urgent need to study new channel detection methods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a channel detection method, apparatus and computer-readable storage medium, which solves the problem that the prior art cannot meet the accuracy and real-time performance of channel detection in high dynamic scenarios.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a channel detection method, comprising:

[0006] The AFDM signal containing the probe signal and the guard interval is obtained based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed;

[0007] The AFDM signal is transmitted to the receiving end through the channel to be detected, so that the receiving end can acquire the AFDM signal and perform threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift. Monte Carlo statistical analysis is performed on the gain, the time delay and the Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected.

[0008] Optionally, obtaining the AFDM signal containing the probe signal and the guard interval based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed includes:

[0009] The maximum multipath delay, maximum moving speed, and carrier frequency are determined based on the channel to be detected.

[0010] The maximum Doppler frequency shift is calculated based on the maximum moving speed, the carrier frequency, and the speed of light.

[0011] The length, bandwidth, and DAFT transform parameter values ​​of the AFDM signal are determined based on the maximum multipath delay and the maximum Doppler frequency shift. The DAFT transform parameter values ​​include a first parameter value. Second parameter value ;

[0012] The detection signal is inserted into an AFDM signal whose length, bandwidth, and parameter values ​​have been determined, and guard intervals of a preset length are inserted on both sides of the detection signal to obtain the AFDM signal.

[0013] Optionally, the preset length is greater than or equal to the first length, and the formula for calculating the first length is:

[0014] ;

[0015] in, Indicates the first length. Represents the integer part of the maximum multipath delay after normalization with respect to the delay resolution. This represents the integer part of the maximum Doppler frequency shift after normalization with respect to the Doppler frequency shift resolution.

[0016] This invention also provides another channel detection method, applied at the receiving end, including:

[0017] The AFDM signal transmitted by the transmitter is received through the channel to be probed. The AFDM signal is obtained by the transmitter based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed and includes a probe signal and a guard interval.

[0018] The AFDM signal is subjected to threshold decision to obtain the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift. Monte Carlo statistical analysis is performed on the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected.

[0019] Optionally, the step of performing threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain gain, time delay, and Doppler frequency shift, and performing Monte Carlo statistical analysis on the gain, time delay, and Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected, includes:

[0020] The first parameter value of the DAFT transform is determined using the AFDM signal. The positive and negative cases;

[0021] If the first parameter value If the value is positive, then the location of the detection signal and the left guard interval of the detection signal is the decision region;

[0022] When the first parameter value If the value is negative, then the location of the detection signal and the right-side guard interval of the detection signal is the decision region;

[0023] Set a decision threshold and traverse all positions in the decision region, taking positions with energy values ​​greater than the decision threshold as positions to be analyzed;

[0024] Obtain the time delay and Doppler frequency shift of the path corresponding to the location to be analyzed;

[0025] Calculate the gain of the path corresponding to the location to be analyzed;

[0026] Multiple Monte Carlo statistics are performed on the time delay, the Doppler frequency shift, and the gain to obtain the power delay spectrum and the Doppler power spectrum of the path corresponding to the position to be analyzed.

[0027] Optionally, the first parameter value of the DAFT transform is determined using the AFDM signal. The positive and negative cases include:

[0028] The first parameter value The calculation formula is:

[0029] ;

[0030] in, This represents the integer part of the normalized maximum Doppler frequency shift. Indicates the length of the AFDM sequence.

[0031] The present invention also provides a channel detection device, applied at a transmitting end, comprising:

[0032] The AFDM sequence acquisition module is used to obtain an AFDM signal containing the probe signal and the guard interval based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed.

[0033] The transmitting module is used to transmit the AFDM signal to the receiving end through the channel to be detected, so that the receiving end can acquire the AFDM signal, perform threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift, and perform Monte Carlo statistical analysis on the gain, the time delay and the Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected.

[0034] The present invention also provides another channel detection device, applied at a receiving end, comprising:

[0035] A receiving module is configured to receive an AFDM signal transmitted by a transmitter through a channel to be probed, wherein the AFDM signal is an AFDM signal obtained by the transmitter based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed, which includes a probe signal and a guard interval;

[0036] The decision analysis module is used to perform threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift, and to perform Monte Carlo statistical analysis on the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected.

[0037] Optionally, the decision analysis module includes:

[0038] The positive / negative determination unit is used to determine the first parameter value of the DAFT transform based on the AFDM signal. The positive and negative cases;

[0039] The first decision region determination unit is used to determine if the first parameter value If the value is positive, then the location of the detection signal and the left guard interval of the detection signal is the decision region;

[0040] The second decision region determination unit is used when the first parameter value is... If the value is negative, then the location of the detection signal and the right-side guard interval of the detection signal is the decision region;

[0041] The decision unit is used to set a decision threshold and traverse each position in the decision region, taking positions with energy values ​​greater than the decision threshold as positions to be analyzed.

[0042] The acquisition unit is used to acquire the time delay and Doppler frequency shift of the path corresponding to the location to be analyzed;

[0043] A gain calculation unit is used to calculate the gain of the path corresponding to the position to be analyzed;

[0044] The statistical unit is used to perform multiple Monte Carlo statistics on the time delay, the Doppler frequency shift, and the gain to obtain the power time delay spectrum and the Doppler power spectrum of the path corresponding to the position to be analyzed.

[0045] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when loaded and executed by a processor, implement the channel detection method described above.

[0046] As can be seen, this invention, through the transmitting end, obtains an AFDM signal containing a probe signal and a guard interval based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed; the AFDM signal is then transmitted to the receiving end through the channel to be probed, enabling the receiving end to acquire the AFDM signal. Threshold decision is performed on the AFDM signal to obtain the gain, delay, and Doppler shift. Monte Carlo statistical analysis is then performed on the gain, delay, and Doppler shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be probed. This method utilizes AFDM waveforms to probe the channel, ensuring real-time performance and accuracy even in highly dynamic scenarios. Compared to traditional channel probe methods based on PN sequences and OFDM, this method directly obtains the channel's gain, delay, and Doppler shift, and further obtains the channel's power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum without additional processing steps, thus improving the efficiency of channel probed. Moreover, by combining the communication waveform and the probe waveform, they are integrated to achieve communication and probed simultaneously, saving resources and improving efficiency.

[0047] In addition, the present invention also provides a channel detection device, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium, which also have the above-mentioned beneficial effects. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 A flowchart of a channel detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 A flowchart of another channel detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 An example diagram of an AFDM signal transmitted by a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 An example diagram of an AFDM signal received by a receiver is provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 A comparison diagram of the estimated power delay spectrum and the theoretical power delay spectrum obtained from the simulation of the smTUx6c1 channel model is provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 6A comparison diagram of the estimated Doppler power spectrum and the theoretical Doppler power spectrum obtained by simulation based on the smTUx6c1 channel model is provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a channel detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another channel detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] In this embodiment, the positions and symbols have the same meaning; the paths and multipaths have the same meaning; the formulas... The meaning of P in the figure is equivalent to that in the formula; both represent the detected signal. Indicates the number of paths.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a channel detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This method is applied at the transmitting end and may include:

[0060] S101: Obtain the AFDM signal containing the probe signal and the guard interval based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed.

[0061] This embodiment designs an AFDM (Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing) signal based on the characteristics of the channel to be detected. The AFDM waveform uses DAFT (Discrete Affine Fourier Transform) to modulate and demodulate information symbols, overcoming the double dispersion problem caused by high-speed movement. It is one of the most promising candidate waveforms for future 6G wireless communication networks. Based on the channel detection method provided in this embodiment, other novel waveforms in the delay Doppler domain, such as Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation waveforms, can also be used. Therefore, it can be understood that the AFDM signal generally includes the length of the signal sequence, bandwidth, and parameters of the DAFT (Discrete Affine Fourier Transform). The channel characteristics in this embodiment are generally the maximum multipath delay, maximum moving speed, carrier frequency, and speed of light that the channel may experience. The AFDM signal is a communication waveform, and naturally it contains data symbols. In this embodiment, the AFDM signal includes a probe signal to integrate the communication waveform and the probe waveform. Furthermore, a guard interval is inserted to avoid interference between the probe signal and the data symbols.

[0062] Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy of the AFDM signal, obtaining the AFDM signal containing the probe signal and the guard interval based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed may include the following steps:

[0063] Step 21: Determine the maximum multipath delay, maximum moving speed, and carrier frequency based on the channel to be detected;

[0064] Step 22: Calculate the maximum Doppler frequency shift based on the maximum moving speed, carrier frequency, and speed of light;

[0065] Step 23: Determine the length, bandwidth, and DAFT transform parameter values ​​of the AFDM signal based on the maximum multipath delay and maximum Doppler frequency shift. The DAFT transform parameter values ​​include the first parameter value. Second parameter value ;

[0066] Step 24: Insert the probe signal into the AFDM signal with the determined length, bandwidth and parameter values, and insert guard intervals of preset length on both sides of the probe signal to obtain the AFDM signal.

[0067] Steps 21-23 are the process of determining the length, bandwidth, and DAFT transform parameter values ​​of the AFDM signal, assuming the maximum possible multipath delay of the measurement channel is... Maximum speed The carrier frequency is The speed of light is ,in This is an integer latency normalized with respect to latency resolution. This embodiment can be based on the maximum speed. Find the maximum Doppler frequency shift The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0068] ;

[0069] Based on the maximum multipath delay and maximum Doppler frequency shift Set the signal bandwidth of the corresponding AFDM sequence. and sequence length Correspondingly, the latency resolution of AFDM Doppler resolution According to latency resolution Doppler resolution With signal bandwidth and sequence length The relationship between them necessitates setting an appropriate signal bandwidth. and sequence length The resolution is sufficient to distinguish the maximum multipath delay of the channel. and maximum Doppler shift .according to The integer part of the normalized maximum Doppler frequency shift was calculated. The first parameter value of the DAFT transform is obtained based on the normalized maximum Doppler frequency shift. The second parameter value is obtained based on the sequence length. Alternatively, it can be calculated using the Doppler frequency shift formula. Calculate the Doppler frequency shift corresponding to each path, and then take the maximum value as the maximum Doppler frequency shift. Wherein, This represents the actual Doppler frequency shift of the i-th path. This represents the relative speed along the i-th path. According to... The formula normalizes the Doppler frequency shift for each path, where This represents the normalized Doppler frequency shift of the i-th path. It is its integer part. It is to satisfy The decimal part, This represents the integer part of the maximum Doppler frequency shift after normalization. Further, the first parameter value of the DAFT transform is obtained. Second parameter value .

[0070] Step 24 is the process of determining the symbol position in the AFDM signal. Specifically, in an AFDM sequence of length N, a probe signal is inserted at the first position. In detecting signals Guard intervals are inserted at both ends to better protect the detection signal from interference from other signals from both sides. The remaining positions can be used to insert any code element. This embodiment does not limit the length of the guard intervals. In this embodiment, the detection signal... Energy can be based on The formula is used to calculate that, where, This represents the noise power of the channel to be probed. This represents the signal-to-noise ratio of the detected signal, and is set empirically. This indicates the energy of the probe signal.

[0071] Furthermore, for the sake of AFDM signal communication efficiency, the aforementioned preset length is greater than or equal to the first length, and the formula for calculating the first length is:

[0072] ;

[0073] in, Indicates the first length. Represents the integer part of the maximum multipath delay after normalization with respect to the delay resolution. This represents the integer part of the maximum Doppler frequency shift after normalization with respect to the Doppler frequency shift resolution.

[0074] In this embodiment, the preset length of the protection interval is obtained according to the calculation formula of the first length. Generally, the preset length is usually set to the first length.

[0075] S102: The AFDM signal is sent to the receiver through the channel to be detected so that the receiver can acquire the AFDM signal and perform threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift. Monte Carlo statistical analysis is performed on the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected.

[0076] Once S101 is completed, the AFDM signal can be sent to the receiver via the channel to be detected. The receiver can then perform threshold decision and statistical analysis based on the received signal to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the detected signal.

[0077] The channel detection method for the transmitting end provided in this invention involves obtaining an AFDM signal containing a detection signal and a guard interval based on the characteristics of the channel to be detected. The AFDM signal is then transmitted to the receiving end through the channel to be detected, allowing the receiving end to acquire the AFDM signal. Threshold decision is performed on the AFDM signal to obtain gain, delay, and Doppler shift. Monte Carlo statistical analysis is then performed on the gain, delay, and Doppler shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected. This method utilizes AFDM waveforms to detect the channel, ensuring real-time performance and accuracy even in highly dynamic scenarios. Compared to traditional channel detection methods based on PN sequences and OFDM, this method directly obtains the channel's gain, delay, and Doppler shift, and further obtains the channel's power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum without additional processing steps, thus improving the efficiency of channel detection. Furthermore, by combining the communication waveform and the detection waveform, the two are integrated to achieve communication and detection simultaneously, saving resources and improving efficiency.

[0078] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating another channel detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This method is applied at a receiving end and may include:

[0079] S201: Receive the AFDM signal sent by the transmitter through the channel to be probed. The AFDM signal is an AFDM signal that the transmitter obtains based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed, which includes the probe signal and the guard interval.

[0080] In this embodiment, the receiver receives the AFDM signal transmitted by the transmitter through the probe channel. This signal is derived from the characteristics of the probe signal and includes a probe signal and a guard interval. Therefore, the AFDM signal between the transmitter and receiver passes through the probe channel, involving a series of operations such as signal modulation and channel effects. Consequently, the signal received by the receiver may differ somewhat from the signal transmitted by the transmitter.

[0081] S202: Threshold decision is performed on the AFDM signal to obtain the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift. Monte Carlo statistical analysis is performed on the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected.

[0082] The receiver performs threshold decision on the received signal to determine the gain, time delay, and Doppler frequency shift affecting the location; and performs Monte Carlo statistical analysis on the gain, time delay, and Doppler frequency shift affecting the location to determine the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected.

[0083] Furthermore, to improve the accuracy of channel detection, the above-mentioned threshold decision on the AFDM signal yields the gain, time delay, and Doppler frequency shift. Monte Carlo statistical analysis is then performed on the gain, time delay, and Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected. This process may include the following steps:

[0084] Step 31: Determine the first parameter value of the DAFT transform using the AFDM signal. The positive and negative cases;

[0085] Step 32: If the value of the first parameter is... If the value is positive, then the location of the detection signal and the protection interval to the left of the detection signal is the decision area;

[0086] Step 33: When the value of the first parameter is... If the value is negative, then the location of the detection signal and the right-side protection interval of the detection signal is the decision area;

[0087] Step 34: Set a decision threshold and traverse all positions in the decision region, selecting positions with energy values ​​greater than the decision threshold as the positions to be analyzed;

[0088] Step 35: Obtain the time delay and Doppler frequency shift of the path corresponding to the location to be analyzed;

[0089] Step 36: Calculate the gain of the path corresponding to the location to be analyzed;

[0090] Step 37: Perform multiple Monte Carlo statistics on time delay, Doppler frequency shift, and gain to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the path corresponding to the location to be analyzed.

[0091] The detection signal will only affect one side of the protection interval, based on the first parameter value. The positive or negative value determines the protection interval that affects the detection signal, thereby defining the decision area. If protection intervals exist on both sides of the detection signal, the decision area is determined based on the first parameter value. The positive or negative value determines the side affected by the protection interval. Specifically, the first parameter value... The calculation formula is:

[0092] ;

[0093] in, This represents the integer part of the normalized maximum Doppler frequency shift. Indicates the length of the AFDM sequence.

[0094] Since AFDM multiplexes information symbols in the DAFT domain, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the DAFT domain and the Delay-Doppler domain, a decision threshold is set. Traverse this decision region; if the energy value is greater than the decision threshold... If a path exists at that location, then the time delay and Doppler shift at that location are obtained.

[0095] The gain of the path corresponding to the position to be analyzed can be calculated using the input-output relationship of AFDM. The formula for calculating the gain is derived from this formula, whereby the input-output relationship of AFDM is:

[0096] ;

[0097] ;

[0098] ;

[0099] Therefore, the formula for calculating the gain is derived as follows:

[0100] ;

[0101] Indicates the number of paths; Indicates the detection signal; It is a complex factor. ; i is the index of the path, the i-th path; This indicates the AFDM signal sent by the transmitting end. This indicates the AFDM signal received by the receiver. This represents additive white Gaussian noise. This represents the gain of the i-th path. and Both represent user-defined intermediate variables. This represents the path delay of the i-th path.

[0102] Once the gain, delay, and Doppler shift corresponding to all the locations to be analyzed are obtained, Monte Carlo methods are used to perform multiple statistical analyses to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected.

[0103] The channel detection method for the receiver provided in this invention receives an AFDM signal transmitted by the transmitter through the channel to be detected. The AFDM signal is obtained by the transmitter based on the characteristics of the channel to be detected, containing a detection signal and a guard interval. Threshold decision is performed on the AFDM signal to obtain gain, delay, and Doppler shift. Monte Carlo statistical analysis is then performed on the gain, delay, and Doppler shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected. This method utilizes AFDM waveforms to detect the channel, ensuring real-time performance and accuracy even in highly dynamic scenarios. Compared with traditional channel detection methods based on PN sequences and OFDM, this method can directly obtain the channel's gain, delay, and Doppler shift, and further obtain the channel's power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum without additional processing steps, thus improving the efficiency of channel detection. Moreover, by combining the communication waveform and the detection waveform, the two are integrated to achieve communication and detection simultaneously, saving resources and improving efficiency.

[0104] To make the present invention easier to understand, examples are as follows:

[0105] Step 1: Based on the maximum possible multipath delay and maximum moving speed of the measurement channel, design the length and bandwidth of the AFDM sequence, as well as the two parameters of the AFDM basic transform DAFT. and Specifically, this example uses the gsmTUx6c1 channel model, with parameters shown in Table 1. From Table 1, the maximum multipath delay is 5. Set the maximum moving speed to 30 m / s and design the AFDM sequence length. The signal bandwidth is Let the carrier frequency be... , The maximum Doppler frequency shift is then... Doppler resolution of AFDM sequences Then the largest integer part of the normalized Doppler frequency shift Latency resolution That is, the maximum normalized delay ,but ,Pick .

[0106] Table 1. GSMTUx6C1 Channel Model Parameters

[0107]

[0108] Step 2: At the transmitting end, insert a probe signal and a guard interval of corresponding length into the AFDM sequence to avoid interference between other symbols and the probe signal.

[0109] Step 2.1: The protection interval is set to... ;

[0110] Step 2.2: Design and obtain the AFDM sequence, such as Figure 3 P is the inserted probe signal, and the two sides are... It is a protection interval. Besides the protection interval... Apart from that, other data will not affect the probe signal P. Any symbol can be inserted, that is, any code element can be inserted in the middle area. Since this example only discusses the channel probe performance, the transmitted data is not considered, that is, it is filled with 0.

[0111] Step 3: Perform threshold decision on the positions related to the received symbols;

[0112] Step 3.1: Figure 4 The signal received by the receiving end is as follows: Figure 4 It can be seen that the judgment area includes Each symbol corresponds to one time delay and one Doppler frequency shift;

[0113] Step 3.2: Set the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal P to 40, according to... The formula can be used to obtain the energy of the inserted probe signal. value, threshold Set as traversal Each symbol is used to determine whether its energy value is greater than a threshold. If the value is greater than a certain value, it indicates the existence of a path at this location. The time delay and Doppler effect of this path are determined by this location, and the gain is given by the formula. To obtain.

[0114] Step 4: Monte Carlo simulation 50,000 times. Perform statistical analysis on all symbols with power greater than the threshold in the 50,000 simulations to directly obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the probe channel. In the example, the power threshold is set to -20dB. Only when the power of a multipath is greater than -20dB is the path considered a valid path. Then, the Doppler power spectrum of all valid paths is statistically analyzed.

[0115] The method is verified through experiments below. The results are as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 6 ,Depend on Figure 5It is evident that the estimated power delay spectrum is largely consistent with the theoretically expected power delay spectrum. The horizontal axis represents delay, and the vertical axis represents APDP (average power delay profile). It is worth noting that in the simulation, due to the normalization and rounding of the delay, although the rounded delay is accurately estimated, there are unavoidable errors due to the influence of delay resolution. Simultaneously, it can be observed that the power of each path is also largely consistent with the theoretical value, indicating that this method obtains a relatively accurate power delay spectrum for the gsmTUx6c1 channel. Figure 6 The paper presents the estimated power delay spectrum for six paths, along with the Doppler power spectrum and theoretical Doppler power spectrum for each path. Based on the channel model parameters, it can be observed that all six paths conform to a Jakes distribution. By directly estimating the Doppler frequency shift of each path in the time-delay Doppler domain without any additional transformation, the estimated Doppler power spectrum obtained by this method highly matches the theoretical Jakes spectrum. Therefore, based on the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum results, the channel detection method provided by this invention performs excellently and achieves outstanding detection results.

[0116] The channel detection device provided in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The channel detection device described below can be referred to in correspondence with the channel detection method described above.

[0117] Please refer to the details. Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a channel detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, applied at a transmitting end, and may include:

[0118] AFDM sequence acquisition module 100 is used to obtain an AFDM signal containing a probe signal and a guard interval based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed;

[0119] The transmitting module 200 is used to transmit the AFDM signal to the receiving end through the channel to be detected, so that the receiving end can acquire the AFDM signal, perform threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift, and perform Monte Carlo statistical analysis on the gain, the time delay and the Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected.

[0120] Based on the above embodiments, the AFDM sequence acquisition module 100 may include:

[0121] A data determination unit is used to determine the maximum multipath delay, maximum moving speed, and carrier frequency based on the channel to be detected.

[0122] The calculation unit is used to calculate the maximum Doppler frequency shift based on the maximum moving speed, the carrier frequency, and the speed of light;

[0123] The sequence determination unit is used to determine the length and bandwidth of the AFDM sequence, as well as the parameter values ​​of the DAFT transform, based on the maximum multipath delay and the maximum Doppler frequency shift. The parameter values ​​of the DAFT transform include a first parameter value. Second parameter value ;

[0124] An insertion unit is used to insert the probe signal into an AFDM signal whose length, bandwidth, and parameter values ​​have been determined, and to insert guard intervals of a preset length on both sides of the probe signal to obtain the AFDM signal.

[0125] Based on the above embodiments, the insertion unit includes:

[0126] The length calculation subunit is used to preset a length that is greater than or equal to a first length, the formula for which the first length is calculated is: ;in, Indicates the first length. Represents the integer part of the maximum multipath delay after normalization with respect to the delay resolution. This represents the integer part of the maximum Doppler frequency shift after normalization with respect to the Doppler frequency shift resolution.

[0127] The channel detection device provided in this embodiment of the invention is applied at the transmitting end. An AFDM sequence acquisition module 100 obtains an AFDM signal containing a detection signal and a guard interval based on the characteristics of the channel to be detected. A transmitting module 200 transmits the AFDM signal through the channel to be detected to the receiving end, enabling the receiving end to acquire the AFDM signal. Threshold decision is performed on the AFDM signal to obtain gain, delay, and Doppler shift. Monte Carlo statistical analysis is then performed on the gain, delay, and Doppler shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected. This method utilizes AFDM waveforms to detect the channel, ensuring real-time performance and accuracy even in highly dynamic scenarios. Compared to traditional PN sequence-based and OFDM-based channel detection methods, this method directly obtains the channel's gain, delay, and Doppler shift, and further obtains the channel's power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum without additional processing steps, thus improving the efficiency of channel detection. Furthermore, combining the communication waveform and the detection waveform integrates them, achieving both communication and detection simultaneously, saving resources and improving efficiency.

[0128] The following describes another channel detection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The channel detection device described below can be referred to in correspondence with the channel detection method described above.

[0129] Please refer to the details. Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another channel detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, applied at a receiving end, and may include:

[0130] The receiving module 300 is used to receive an AFDM signal transmitted by the transmitting end through the channel to be probed, wherein the AFDM signal is an AFDM signal containing a probe signal and a guard interval obtained by the transmitting end according to the characteristics of the channel to be probed;

[0131] The decision analysis module 400 is used to perform threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift, and to perform Monte Carlo statistical analysis on the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected.

[0132] Based on the above embodiments, the decision analysis module 400 may include:

[0133] The positive / negative determination unit is used to determine the first parameter value of the DAFT transform based on the AFDM signal. The positive and negative cases;

[0134] The first decision region determination unit is used to determine if the first parameter value If the value is positive, then the location of the detection signal and the left guard interval of the detection signal is the decision region;

[0135] The second decision region determination unit is used when the first parameter value is... If the value is negative, then the location of the detection signal and the right-side guard interval of the detection signal is the decision region;

[0136] The decision unit is used to set a decision threshold and traverse each position in the decision region, taking positions with energy values ​​greater than the decision threshold as positions to be analyzed.

[0137] The acquisition unit is used to acquire the time delay and Doppler frequency shift of the path corresponding to the location to be analyzed;

[0138] A gain calculation unit is used to calculate the gain of the path corresponding to the position to be analyzed;

[0139] The statistical unit is used to perform multiple Monte Carlo statistics on the time delay, the Doppler frequency shift, and the gain to obtain the power time delay spectrum and the Doppler power spectrum of the path corresponding to the position to be analyzed.

[0140] Based on the above embodiments, the first parameter value in the positive / negative determination unit The calculation formula is: ;in, This represents the integer part of the normalized maximum Doppler frequency shift. Indicates the length of the AFDM sequence.

[0141] The channel detection device provided in this embodiment of the invention is applied at the receiving end. The receiving module 300 receives an AFDM signal transmitted by the transmitting end through the channel to be detected. The AFDM signal is obtained by the transmitting end based on the characteristics of the channel to be detected, containing a detection signal and a guard interval. The decision analysis module 400 performs threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain gain, delay, and Doppler shift. Monte Carlo statistical analysis is then performed on the gain, delay, and Doppler shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected. This method utilizes AFDM waveforms to detect the channel, ensuring real-time performance and accuracy even in highly dynamic scenarios. Compared with traditional channel detection methods based on PN sequences and OFDM, this method directly obtains the channel's gain, delay, and Doppler shift, and further obtains the channel's power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum without additional processing steps, thus improving the efficiency of channel detection. Furthermore, by combining the communication waveform and the detection waveform, the two are integrated to achieve communication and detection simultaneously, saving resources and improving efficiency.

[0142] The following describes the readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present invention. The computer-readable storage medium described below can be referred to in correspondence with the channel detection method described above.

[0143] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the channel detection method described above.

[0144] The computer-readable storage medium may include various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0145] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to in the method section.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0147] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relationships such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0148] The present invention provides a detailed description of a channel detection method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will recognize that there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A channel detection method, characterized in that, Applied to the sending end, including: The AFDM signal containing the probe signal and the guard interval is obtained based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed; The AFDM signal is transmitted to the receiving end through the channel to be detected, so that the receiving end can acquire the AFDM signal, and perform threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift. Monte Carlo statistical analysis is performed on the gain, the time delay and the Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected. The process of obtaining the AFDM signal containing the probe signal and the guard interval based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed includes: The maximum multipath delay, maximum moving speed, and carrier frequency are determined based on the channel to be detected. The maximum Doppler frequency shift is calculated based on the maximum moving speed, the carrier frequency, and the speed of light. The length, bandwidth, and DAFT transform parameter values ​​of the AFDM signal are determined based on the maximum multipath delay and the maximum Doppler frequency shift. The DAFT transform parameter values ​​include a first parameter value. Second parameter value ; The detection signal is inserted into an AFDM signal whose length, bandwidth, and parameter values ​​have been determined, and guard intervals of a preset length are inserted on both sides of the detection signal to obtain the AFDM signal.

2. The channel detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset length is greater than or equal to the first length, and the formula for calculating the first length is: ； in, Indicates the first length. Represents the integer part of the maximum multipath delay after normalization with respect to the delay resolution. This represents the integer part of the maximum Doppler frequency shift after normalization with respect to the Doppler frequency shift resolution.

3. A channel detection method, characterized in that, Applied to the receiving end, including: The AFDM signal transmitted by the transmitter is received through the channel to be probed. The AFDM signal is obtained by the transmitter based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed and includes a probe signal and a guard interval. The AFDM signal is subjected to threshold decision to obtain gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift, and Monte Carlo statistical analysis is performed on the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected; The process of performing threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain gain, time delay, and Doppler frequency shift, and then performing Monte Carlo statistical analysis on the gain, time delay, and Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected, includes: The first parameter value of the DAFT transform is determined using the AFDM signal. The positive and negative cases; If the first parameter value If the value is positive, then the location of the detection signal and the left guard interval of the detection signal is the decision region; When the first parameter value If the value is negative, then the location of the detection signal and the right-side guard interval of the detection signal is the decision region; Set a decision threshold and traverse all positions in the decision region, taking positions with energy values ​​greater than the decision threshold as positions to be analyzed; Obtain the time delay and Doppler frequency shift of the path corresponding to the location to be analyzed; Calculate the gain of the path corresponding to the location to be analyzed; Multiple Monte Carlo statistics are performed on the time delay, the Doppler frequency shift, and the gain to obtain the power delay spectrum and the Doppler power spectrum of the path corresponding to the position to be analyzed.

4. The channel detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first parameter value of DAFT transformation is determined by the AFDM signal. The positive and negative cases include: The first parameter value The calculation formula is: ； in, This represents the integer part of the normalized maximum Doppler frequency shift. Indicates the length of the AFDM sequence.

5. A channel detection device, characterized in that, Applied to the sending end, including: The AFDM sequence acquisition module is used to obtain an AFDM signal containing the probe signal and the guard interval based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed. The transmitting module is used to transmit the AFDM signal to the receiving end through the channel to be detected, so that the receiving end can acquire the AFDM signal, perform threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift, and perform Monte Carlo statistical analysis on the gain, the time delay and the Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected; The AFDM sequence acquisition module includes: A data determination unit is used to determine the maximum multipath delay, maximum moving speed, and carrier frequency based on the channel to be detected. The calculation unit is used to calculate the maximum Doppler frequency shift based on the maximum moving speed, the carrier frequency, and the speed of light; The sequence determination unit is used to determine the length and bandwidth of the AFDM sequence, as well as the parameter values ​​of the DAFT transform, based on the maximum multipath delay and the maximum Doppler frequency shift. The parameter values ​​of the DAFT transform include a first parameter value. Second parameter value ; An insertion unit is used to insert the probe signal into an AFDM signal whose length, bandwidth, and parameter values ​​have been determined, and to insert guard intervals of a preset length on both sides of the probe signal to obtain the AFDM signal.

6. A channel detection device, characterized in that, Applied to the receiving end, including: A receiving module is configured to receive an AFDM signal transmitted by a transmitter through a channel to be probed, wherein the AFDM signal is an AFDM signal obtained by the transmitter based on the characteristics of the channel to be probed, which includes a probe signal and a guard interval; The decision analysis module is used to perform threshold decision on the AFDM signal to obtain gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift, and to perform Monte Carlo statistical analysis on the gain, time delay and Doppler frequency shift to obtain the power delay spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the channel to be detected; The decision analysis module includes: The positive / negative determination unit is used to determine the first parameter value of the DAFT transform based on the AFDM signal. The positive and negative cases; The first decision region determination unit is used to determine if the first parameter value If the value is positive, then the location of the detection signal and the left guard interval of the detection signal is the decision region; The second decision region determination unit is used when the first parameter value is... If the value is negative, then the location of the detection signal and the right-side guard interval of the detection signal is the decision region; The decision unit is used to set a decision threshold and traverse each position in the decision region, taking positions with energy values ​​greater than the decision threshold as positions to be analyzed. The acquisition unit is used to acquire the time delay and Doppler frequency shift of the path corresponding to the location to be analyzed; A gain calculation unit is used to calculate the gain of the path corresponding to the position to be analyzed; The statistical unit is used to perform multiple Monte Carlo statistics on the time delay, the Doppler frequency shift, and the gain to obtain the power time delay spectrum and the Doppler power spectrum of the path corresponding to the position to be analyzed.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when loaded and executed by a processor, implement the channel detection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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