Battery pack, energy storage device and energy storage system

Abstract

The invention provides a battery pack, an energy storage device and an energy storage system, the energy storage device comprises a plurality of stacked battery packs, in two contact surfaces of two adjacent battery packs, a protective part and a first connector are convexly arranged on one contact surface, a groove and a second connector are arranged on the other contact surface, the second connector is located in the groove, and the protective part is connected with the first connector. The protection member is in plugging connection with the groove, and the first connector is in plugging connection with the second connector. According to the energy storage device, accurate alignment of the battery pack can be achieved, the assembly procedures and assembly working hours for a user to install the energy storage device are greatly reduced, and the assembly efficiency of the energy storage device is improved.

Description

Battery pack, energy storage device and energy storage system

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on July 28, 2023, with application number 202322017511.1 and application name “A battery pack, energy storage device and energy storage system”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a battery pack, an energy storage device, and an energy storage system. Background Art

[0004] With the rapid development of energy storage technology, batteries, as an important component of energy storage systems, are widely used in daily life and industrial production. However, the voltage of a single battery is low and cannot meet existing usage needs. Therefore, multiple single batteries are usually connected in series to form a battery pack, and then multiple battery packs are connected in series or in parallel to form an energy storage cabinet to meet usage needs.

[0005] Generally speaking, in order to expand the capacity of the energy storage device, multiple battery packs are usually stacked. However, when stacking adjacent battery packs, misalignment is prone to occur, which is not conducive to precise alignment between the battery packs. The assembly process is complex and difficult, and the assembly efficiency and reliability cannot be guaranteed.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application provides an energy storage device and an energy storage system. The energy storage device includes multiple stacked battery packs. Protective parts and a first connector, a groove, and a second connector are respectively provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the battery packs to engage with the concave and convex structures to quickly achieve precise alignment and electrical connection between the multiple battery packs. The user only needs to lift the battery pack and then slowly put it down to achieve high-reliability connection of the battery components, which greatly simplifies the assembly process of the user installing the energy storage device and improves the assembly efficiency and reliability of the energy storage device.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides an energy storage device with a stacked structure, the energy storage device comprising a plurality of battery packs, the plurality of battery packs being stacked, and of the two contact surfaces of any two adjacent battery packs among the plurality of battery packs, one of the contact surfaces is provided with a protective member and a first connector protruding thereon, the protective member being arranged around the outer periphery of the first connector, and the other contact surface being provided with a recess and a second connector, the second connector being located in the recess, the protective member being pluggable connected to the recess, and the first connector being pluggable connected to the second connector. In other words, the upper and lower surfaces of the two upper and lower adjacent battery packs are in contact, the protective member and the first connector can be located on the upper surface of one of the battery packs, and correspondingly, the recess and the second connector are arranged on the lower surface of the other battery pack; or, the recess and the second connector are arranged on the upper surface of one battery pack, and the protective member and the second connector are arranged on the lower surface of the other battery pack. When one battery pack is stacked on the upper surface of another battery pack, the protective members and recesses protruding thereon on the two contact surfaces of the two battery packs are plugged into each other to achieve primary guidance. On the one hand, the concave-convex design allows for precise alignment of two adjacent battery packs, acting as a primary guide to prevent misalignment and potential damage to the terminals when the connectors are directly plugged in. On the other hand, the protective member and groove protect the connectors, preventing foreign matter from entering. The plug-in connection between the first and second connectors provides secondary guidance for the two battery packs, and the protruding first and second connectors further ensure precise alignment between the battery packs.

[0009] In addition, the first connector and the second connector are used to accommodate the power terminals and signal connection terminals extending from the battery pack, so that the power terminals do not need to be exposed outside the battery pack, reducing the risk of damage. The electrical terminals of adjacent battery packs can be electrically connected through the precise insertion of the first connector and the second connector, while reducing the wiring complexity between the battery packs and the risk of missed / wrong connection.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the first connector and the second connector are plug-in connected to fix two adjacent battery packs, realize secondary guidance between multiple battery packs, and are used to connect two adjacent battery packs in series or in parallel. The protective member and the groove are plug-in connected to fix two adjacent battery packs.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the orthographic projection of the protective member in the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs falls within the orthographic projection of the groove in the stacking direction, so that the protective member and the groove are arranged opposite each other. When the battery pack is stacked upright on the installed battery pack, the orthographic projection of the protective member and the groove helps to improve the precise alignment of the stacking.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the maximum spacing between the outer edges of the protective member is less than or equal to the maximum spacing between the inner walls of the groove. This allows for more precise insertion of the protective member into the groove and provides a certain amount of floating space for the protective member during insertion, increasing tolerance for material processing errors.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the height of the outer periphery of the protective member is less than or equal to the depth of the groove, so that the protective member is entirely located within the groove, avoiding gaps on the contact surfaces between upper and lower adjacent battery packs, preventing foreign matter from entering the energy storage device, and improving the safety and reliability of the energy storage device.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the battery pack includes a power module and a battery module, which are arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction. The first connector and the second connector are located on two opposing surfaces of the power module along the stacking direction. The power module first boosts the DC power output by the battery module before outputting it to the DC bus, enabling the energy storage device to achieve greater power output. The connector is arranged on the power module so that the terminals of the power cable of the power module pass through the first connector and the second connector to achieve electrical connection, avoiding the need to connect the power cable from the battery module to the DC bus, thus saving power cables and space.

[0015] In one possible implementation, between any two adjacent battery packs among the multiple battery packs, one battery pack has a protruding fixing tab on its upper edge, while the other battery pack has a recessed portion on its lower edge, with the fixing tab located within the recessed portion. The fixing tabs on the edges of the battery packs can limit the position of the battery pack above it, preventing it from sliding left or right or forward and backward, thereby improving the structural stability and reliability of the energy storage device.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the orthographic projection of the fixing plate in the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs falls within the orthographic projection of the recessed portion in the stacking direction, so that the fixing plate and the recessed portion are arranged vertically opposite each other, thereby improving the accuracy of stacking.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the upper surface of each of the multiple battery packs is provided with multiple sub-fixing plates, and the multiple sub-fixing plates are fixedly connected to the fixing plate. The extension direction of the multiple sub-fixing plates is perpendicular to the protruding direction of the fixing plate, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength of the fixing plate.

[0018] In one possible implementation, upper surfaces of the plurality of sub-fixing plates are provided with chamfers at edges away from the fixing plates to prevent upper battery packs from colliding when the battery packs are stacked on top of the battery pack.

[0019] In one possible implementation, a connecting piece is fixedly connected to the upper and lower adjacent side walls of any two adjacent battery packs in the plurality of battery packs. Screw holes can be provided at both ends of the connecting piece, and screws can be used to secure the upper and lower ends of the connecting piece to the two adjacent battery packs, thereby achieving a mechanical connection between the battery packs, preventing the battery packs from sliding left or right or forward and backward, and improving the stability and reliability of the stacking structure.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the energy storage device includes a battery control unit (BCU), which is disposed on top of the multiple battery packs. Of the two contact surfaces between the top battery pack and the BCU, one contact surface has a protruding protective member and a first connector, the protective member being disposed around the periphery of the first connector. The other contact surface has a recessed groove and a second connector, the second connector being located in the recessed groove. The protective member is pluggably connected to the recessed groove, and the first connector is pluggably connected to the second connector. The first connector on the top battery pack is inserted into the recessed groove of the BCU and electrically connected to the corresponding second connector, thereby achieving electrical connection between the multiple battery packs and the BCU.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the energy storage device includes a base disposed at the bottom of multiple battery packs. The base has two contact surfaces, one protruding from the base's contact surface and the other recessed in the battery pack's contact surface. The protective element is pluggable into the recessed groove. The base serves as a foundational support for the multiple battery packs, enhancing the overall structural stability and reliability of the energy storage device.

[0022] In one possible implementation, one of the two contact surfaces of any two adjacent battery packs among the multiple battery packs has a protruding positioning pin extending along the stacking direction of the battery packs, and the other contact surface has a positioning slot extending along the stacking direction of the battery packs. The positioning pin and the positioning slot are pluggable and connected. The plugging of the positioning pin and the positioning slot enables three-level guidance of the battery pack, ensuring precise alignment of the battery pack to be installed with the already installed battery pack.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the orthographic projection of the positioning pin along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs falls within the orthographic projection of the positioning groove along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, so that the positioning pin and the positioning groove are arranged opposite each other up and down, thereby improving the accuracy of the vertical stacking of the multiple battery packs.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the orthographic projection of the positioning pin along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs is the same as the orthographic projection of the positioning groove along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, further improving the accuracy of the vertical stacking of the multiple battery packs.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the extension length of the positioning pin is less than or equal to the extension length of the positioning slot, so that when multiple battery packs are stacked, no gap is left between two adjacent battery packs, thereby increasing the ability to prevent foreign matter.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the outer diameter of the locating pin is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the locating slot. This allows for more precise insertion of the locating pin into the slot and provides a certain amount of floating space for the locating pin when inserted into the slot, increasing tolerance for material processing errors.

[0027] In one possible implementation, a first connector is provided with a plug on the side away from the battery pack in which it is located. The first connector is provided with a first accommodating cavity on the side closest to the battery pack in which it is located. The plug extends into the first accommodating cavity and includes multiple first mounting holes extending in the stacking direction of the battery packs. A second connector is provided with a receptacle on the side away from the battery pack in which it is located. The second connector is provided with a second accommodating cavity on the side away from the battery pack in which it is located. The receptacle extends into the second accommodating cavity and includes multiple second mounting holes extending in the stacking direction of the battery packs. The plug is plugged into the receptacle, with the multiple first mounting holes corresponding to the multiple second mounting holes. The plug and receptacle cooperate to achieve plug-and-unplug connection between the first and second connectors, further improving the precise alignment of the battery packs. The first and second mounting holes are used to accommodate power terminals or signal terminals extending from the battery packs. When the battery packs are stacked, the first and second connectors automatically connect to each other to achieve electrical connection between the power terminals or signal terminals of two adjacent battery packs. This prevents electrical cables from leaking out of the battery packs and reduces the risk of missed or misconnected connections.

[0028] In one possible implementation, each battery pack includes multiple first connection terminals and multiple second connection terminals. The multiple first connection terminals correspond one-to-one with the multiple first mounting holes and are plugged into the multiple first mounting holes. The multiple second connection terminals correspond one-to-one with the multiple second mounting holes and are plugged into the multiple second mounting holes. The first connection terminals are electrically connected to the corresponding second connection terminals, and the first and second connection terminals have the same function, for example, they can serve as signal terminals. By using this plug-in connection method to connect the connection terminals of the battery pack, the number of cables in the battery pack stack is reduced, reducing the risk of misconnections or missed connections during installation.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the first connector includes a locking structure. The first connector includes a locking structure. A mounting slot is provided in the first plug. The extension direction of the mounting slot is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first mounting hole. The locking structure is slidably connected to the mounting slot. A limiting slot is provided on the first connection terminal. A limiting protrusion is provided on the locking structure. When the locking structure slides to the first position, the limiting protrusion is located in the limiting slot to limit the movement of the first connection terminal along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs. By providing a locking structure to prevent the connection terminal from being de-pinned, during the battery pack stacking process, the connector will not be de-pinned even under heavy weight impact. Whether it is tilted plug-in or vertically dropped, the reliability of the connection can be guaranteed, which can meet the requirements of blind plug installation in heavy weight stacking scenarios.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the first connector and the second connector include two ends oppositely arranged in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, both ends of the first connector are provided with an arc-shaped groove, and both ends of the second connector are provided with a through hole, the arc-shaped groove and the through hole are used to install screws, the inner diameter of the arc-shaped groove and the inner diameter of the through hole are larger than the outer diameter of the screw, providing a certain floating space when the screw is fixed to the first connector and the second connector, which can avoid the situation where the connectors between the battery packs cannot be accurately plugged in due to reasons of material or preparation process, avoid damage to the terminals due to hard connection, improve connection efficiency and ensure connection accuracy, so that the user can blindly plug in to a certain extent and reach the final correct plug-in state.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the first connector includes a plurality of assembly posts, which extend to the first accommodating cavity. A third mounting hole is provided in the assembly post, and the third mounting hole extends along the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs. The second connector includes a plurality of assembly cavities, which extend to the second accommodating cavity. A fourth mounting hole is provided in the assembly cavity, and the fourth mounting hole extends along the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs. The plurality of assembly posts correspond one-to-one to the plurality of assembly cavities, and the assembly posts are plugged into the corresponding assembly cavities. The cross-sections of the assembly posts and the assembly cavities may be circular or square, and the diameter of the assembly posts may be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the corresponding assembly cavities. By plugging the assembly posts into the corresponding assembly posts, precise alignment between the battery packs can be further achieved.

[0032] In one possible implementation, each battery pack includes multiple third connection terminals and multiple fourth connection terminals. The multiple third connection terminals correspond one-to-one with the multiple third mounting holes and are respectively plugged into the multiple third mounting holes. The multiple fourth connection terminals correspond one-to-one with the multiple fourth mounting holes and are respectively plugged into the multiple fourth mounting holes. The third connection terminals are electrically connected to the corresponding fourth connection terminals. The third and fourth connection terminals have the same function, which is different from the function of the first connection terminal, thereby enriching the functionality of the connector.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the inner diameter of the first mounting hole is smaller than that of the third mounting hole, and the inner diameter of the second mounting hole is smaller than that of the fourth mounting hole. The first mounting hole can be used to secure a signal terminal, and the third mounting hole can be used to secure a power terminal. This allows the first and second connectors to simultaneously achieve both electrical and signal connection functions, enriching the connector's functionality.

[0034] In one possible implementation, mounting tabs are provided on the side walls of the energy storage device to secure it to a building and prevent it from toppling over. When the energy storage device is used in a residential setting, the building can be a wall. The mounting tabs secure the device to an indoor or outdoor wall, eliminating floor space and facilitating user access and design.

[0035] In a second aspect, the present application also provides an energy storage system, which includes an energy storage device and an inverter. The inverter is used to convert the direct current output of the energy storage device into alternating current and output it to an external load or a power grid, and / or the inverter is used to convert the alternating current output of the power grid into direct current and output it to the energy storage device.

[0036] On the third aspect, the present application also provides a battery pack, wherein a protective member and a first connector are protruding from the upper surface of the battery pack, the protective member is arranged around the outer periphery of the first connector, and a groove and a second connector are provided on the lower surface of the battery pack, and the orthographic projection of the protective member in the height direction of the battery pack falls within the orthographic projection of the groove in the height direction of the battery pack.

[0037] In one possible implementation, a fixing plate is protruding from the edge of the upper surface of the battery pack, and a recess is provided at the edge of the lower surface of the battery pack, and the orthographic projection of the fixing plate along the height direction of the battery pack falls within the orthographic projection of the recess in the height direction of the battery pack.

[0038] In a possible implementation, a plurality of sub-fixing plates are provided on the upper surface of the battery pack, the plurality of sub-fixing plates are fixedly connected to the fixing plate, and the extension direction of the plurality of sub-fixing plates is perpendicular to the protruding direction of the fixing plate.

[0039] In one possible implementation, a positioning pin is protruding from the upper surface of the battery pack, and the positioning pin extends along the height direction of the battery pack. A positioning groove is provided on the lower surface of the battery pack, and the extension direction of the positioning groove along the height direction of the battery pack is opposite to the extension direction of the positioning pin. The orthographic projection of the positioning pin along the height direction of the battery pack falls within the orthographic projection of the positioning groove along the height direction of the battery pack.

[0040] In a fourth aspect, the energy storage device includes at least one battery pack and a base provided in the third aspect, wherein the base is located below the battery pack.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the energy storage device further includes a battery control unit BCU, and the BCU is located on top of the battery pack.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the second to fourth aspects refer to the beneficial effects of the energy storage device provided in the first aspect and are not repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] FIG1 is a diagram illustrating an application scenario of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a battery pack in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a battery pack in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a battery pack in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] FIG6 is a partial top view of the upper surface and the lower surface of the battery pack in the energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the upper surface of a battery pack in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of a battery pack in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a BCU in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a first structural example of a base in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a protective member on a base in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a first connector and a second connector in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a first connector in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a second connector in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the first connector in the energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first connector and the first connection terminal in the energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the second connector and the second connection terminal in the energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the first connector in the energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] FIG21 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of the first connector in the energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG22 is a schematic structural diagram of a first connection terminal in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] FIG23 is a schematic diagram of a fifth structure of the first connector in the energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] FIG24 is a schematic structural diagram of a third connection terminal in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG25 is an electrical connection diagram of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] FIG26 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of a battery pack of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] FIG27 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] FIG28 is a schematic structural diagram of the mounting plate in the energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0071] Explanation of reference numerals: 500 - energy storage device; 510 (511, 512, 513) - battery pack; 5101 - upper surface of battery pack; 5102 - lower surface of battery pack; 5103 - side wall of battery pack; 5105 - first connection terminal; 51051 - limiting groove; 5106 - second connection terminal; 520 - BCU; 5202 - lower surface of BCU; 530 - base; 5301 - upper surface of base; 540 - first connector; 541 - protective member; 5411 - first sealing ring; 542 - plug; 5421 - first mounting hole; 543 - mounting column; 5431 - third mounting hole; 54311 - spring ring; 544 - first accommodating cavity; 545 - arc-shaped groove; 546 - screw; 547 -guide column; 548-first locking structure; 5481-limiting protrusion; 5482-positioning protrusion; 5483-disassembly hole; 549-first mounting groove; 550-second connector; 551-groove; 5511-second sealing ring; 552-socket; 5521-second mounting hole; 553-assembly cavity; 5531-fourth mounting hole; 554-second accommodating cavity; 555-through hole; 558-second locking structure; 560-mounting plate; 580-positioning pin; 590-fixing plate; 5901-sub-fixing plate; 5902-connecting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be understood as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The same figure marks in the figures represent the same or similar structures, and thus their repeated description will be omitted. The words expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of the present application are all explained with reference to the accompanying drawings as examples, but changes can be made as needed, and the changes made are all included in the scope of protection of this application. The drawings in the embodiments of the present application are only used to illustrate the relative position relationship and do not represent the true proportion.

[0073] For ease of understanding, the terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are first explained.

[0074] The Battery Control Unit (BMU) intelligently manages and maintains each battery unit, preventing overcharging and over-discharging, extending the battery life, and monitoring the battery status.

[0075] And / or: It is just a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0076] Multiple: refers to two or more than two.

[0077] The term "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can mean either a detachable or non-detachable connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary. The term "fix" should also be interpreted broadly. For example, "fix" can mean either a direct fixation or an indirect fixation through an intermediary.

[0078] The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "side," "top," and "bottom," are merely references to directions in the accompanying drawings. These directional terms are intended to better and more clearly illustrate and understand the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to explicitly or implicitly indicate that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operate in a specific orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0079] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified, "and / or" is simply a description of an association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone.

[0080] The following embodiments of the present application provide an energy storage device, and the battery pack can be used in energy storage application scenarios of photovoltaic power generation.

[0081] For example, FIG1 illustrates a schematic diagram of the framework structure of a photovoltaic system. As shown in FIG1 , the photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic array 110, a power converter 120, an energy storage device 150, and a power grid 130 / external load 140. Specifically, the power converter 120 may integrate a DC / DC conversion circuit and a DC / AC conversion circuit, and the energy storage device 150 may be located between the DC / DC conversion circuit and the DC / AC conversion circuit. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 110 can be converted into a step-up or step-down voltage by the DC / DC conversion circuit to charge the energy storage device 120. When the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 110 is insufficient to power the power grid 130 / external load 140, the electrical energy stored in the energy storage device 150 can be transmitted to the power grid 130 / external load 140 via the DC / AC conversion circuit within the power converter 120. Furthermore, the energy storage device 150 can also receive power from the power grid 130. The AC power output by the power grid 130 is converted into DC power by the DC / AC conversion circuit and transmitted to the energy storage device 150, thereby charging the energy storage device 150. Alternatively, the power converter 120 only includes a DC / AC conversion circuit, and the energy storage device 150 has a built-in DC / DC conversion circuit, so that the energy storage device directly receives the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 110. Therefore, higher requirements are placed on the capacity of the energy storage device. Generally speaking, in household energy storage scenarios, multiple battery packs are stacked to increase the capacity of the energy storage device. Therefore, how to improve the stacking accuracy and assembly efficiency has become a pressing issue.

[0082] The present application provides a stacked energy storage device 500. Referring to the schematic structural diagram of the energy storage device shown in FIG2 , the energy storage device 500 includes a plurality of battery packs 510 stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The arrow direction z in FIG2 represents the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs 510. The stacking of the plurality of battery packs 510 allows the number of battery packs 510 to be adaptively adjusted according to the actual application scenario, thereby meeting the capacity requirements of the energy storage device in different application scenarios. To enhance the guidance performance and positioning accuracy of the stacked battery packs 510, a first connector 540 and a second connector 550 are respectively provided on two contact surfaces of adjacent battery packs 510. The first connector 540 protrudes from one contact surface, and a second connector 550 is provided on the other contact surface. The second connector 550 is disposed within the groove. A protective member 541 is provided around the periphery of the first connector 540. The protective member 541 and the groove 551 are pluggably connected to provide primary guidance between the plurality of battery packs 510. The first connector 540 and the second connector 550 are pluggably connected to provide secondary guidance for the second connector 550. The concave-convex structure design improves the precision of plugging multiple battery packs 510 together. The protective member 541 and the groove 551 are respectively arranged around the outer periphery of the first connector 540 and the second connector 550. On the one hand, when the battery pack 510 is placed on the battery pack 510, the protective member 541 is inserted into the groove 551 on the lower surface 5102 of the battery pack 510, acting as a guide to prevent the terminals in the connector from being misaligned when directly plugged in, resulting in terminal damage. On the other hand, the protective member 541 can protect the connector and prevent foreign matter from entering the connector. In addition, the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 do not need to be exposed outside the battery pack 510, reducing the risk of failure and moisture of the connector terminals and improving the safety performance of the terminals inside the connector. The protective member 541 can be made of a metal material with high rigidity and strength to enhance the mechanical strength of the protective member 541.

[0083] The embodiment of the present application takes the example of a battery pack having a first connector and a protective member protruding from the upper surface thereof, and a battery pack having a groove and a second connector provided on the lower surface thereof. Referring to the structural schematic diagrams of the battery pack shown in Figures 3 and 4, a first connector 540 is protruding from the upper surface 5101 of each battery pack 510, and a groove 551 is provided on the lower surface 5102 of each battery pack 510 and the lower surface of the BCU 520, and a second connector 550 is provided in the groove 551. The embodiment of the present application takes the example of an energy storage device including three battery packs 511, 512, and 513 stacked from bottom to top, as shown in Figure 2, the first connector 540 on the upper surface of the battery pack 512 is inserted into the groove 551 on the lower surface of the battery pack 511 and connected to the corresponding second connector 550, thereby fixing the battery packs 511 and 512, and realizing the series connection or parallel connection of the battery packs 511 and 512. The structural arrangement of the first connector 540 protruding from the surface of the battery pack 510 and the structural arrangement of the groove 541 on the lower surface of the battery pack 510 allow the user to assemble the energy storage device 500 by only gently lifting the battery pack 510 and then slowly lowering it. Under the guidance of the protective member 541 and the groove 551, the first connector 540 and the second connector 550, and the gravity of the battery pack 510 itself, the different battery packs 510 are automatically positioned and embedded into a whole, which is conducive to achieving accurate positioning and rapid installation of the energy storage device 500, and does not require additional connecting cables, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the energy storage device 500 and reducing the risk of misconnection / missing of cables.

[0084] The energy storage device 500 provided in the embodiment of the present application can realize the vertical stacking arrangement of any number of battery packs 510 according to actual needs, which is convenient for increasing or decreasing the battery capacity, enriching the applicable scenarios of the energy storage device 500, and facilitating installation and operation.

[0085] The positions of the recesses 551 and first connectors 540 can also be reversed. That is, the recesses 551 and second connectors 550 can be located on the top surface of the battery pack 510, while the first connectors 540 can be located on the bottom surface of the battery pack 510. Multiple battery packs 510 can be connected by inserting the first connectors 540 located on the bottom surface of a battery pack 510 into the recesses 551 located on the top surface of an adjacent battery pack 510.

[0086] The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific position and number of the first connector 540 in the battery pack 510. Those skilled in the art can select and design according to actual needs.

[0087] In order to improve the accuracy of the alignment of multiple battery packs 510, in the same battery pack 510, the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 are arranged vertically opposite each other, or, in the same battery pack 510, the orthographic projections of the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 on the horizontal plane are arranged centrally symmetrically about the center of the battery pack 510. The orthographic projection of the protective member 541 in the z-direction falls within the orthographic projection of the groove in the z-direction. The maximum spacing between the edges of the outer periphery of the protective member 541 is less than or equal to the maximum spacing between the inner walls of the groove 551, and the outer periphery of the protective member 541 is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the groove 551. On the one hand, this design allows the protective member 541 to be inserted into the groove 551 more accurately, and on the other hand, it provides a certain floating space for the protective member 541 when inserted into the interior of the groove 551, thereby increasing the tolerance for material processing errors. For example, the size difference between the inner diameter of the groove 551 and the outer periphery of the protective member 541 is 1 mm. The height of the outer periphery of the protective member 541 is less than or equal to the depth of the groove 551. This allows the protective member 541 and the groove 551 to be perfectly inserted into each other, avoiding gaps on the contact surfaces between two adjacent battery packs 510 , preventing foreign matter from entering the energy storage device 500 , and improving the safety and reliability of the energy storage device 500 .

[0088] In order to improve the sealing performance of the energy storage device 500, with reference to the structural schematic diagram of the top and bottom surfaces of the battery pack shown in FIG5 and the cross-sectional view of the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 in the z direction shown in FIG6, a first sealing ring 5411 is sleeved on the periphery of the aforementioned protective member 541 to ensure the waterproof and dustproof effect between the first connector 540 and the groove 551.

[0089] In order to improve the sealing performance of the energy storage device 500 , as shown in FIG. 5 , a second sealing ring 5511 is provided on the outer surface of the recess 551 to ensure waterproof and dustproof performance after the first connector 540 is inserted into the recess 551 .

[0090] The first sealing ring 5411 and the second sealing ring 5511 can both be rubber sealing rings, the inner diameter of the first sealing ring 5411 is equal to the outer diameter of the protective member 541, and the inner diameter of the second sealing ring 5511 is equal to the inner diameter of the groove 5511. The first sealing ring 5411 and the second sealing ring 5511 can be O-shaped.

[0091] As shown in Figure 5, the battery pack 510 includes a power module 5108 and a battery module 5109. The power module 5108 and the battery module 5109 are arranged along the x-direction, which is perpendicular to the stacking direction of the battery pack 510. The first connector 540 and the second connector 550 are respectively located on two opposite surfaces of the power module along the z-direction. Multiple battery packs 510 are connected in parallel or in series. The power module 5109 boosts the DC power output by the battery module 5108 and outputs it to the DC bus. The connector is set on the power module 5108 so that the terminals of the power cable of the power module 5108 pass through the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 to achieve electrical connection. This is suitable for energy storage scenarios with high voltage in series or high voltage in parallel. The so-called high voltage in series and high voltage in parallel refer to energy storage scenarios in which the battery modules are first boosted by the power module and then connected in series or in parallel.

[0092] When multiple battery packs are stacked, to prevent the battery packs 510 from sliding left or right, a fixing tab 590 can be provided protruding from the edge of the upper surface 5101 of the battery pack 510. Referring to the schematic structural diagrams of the battery pack 510 shown in Figures 4 and 5 , another battery pack has a recessed portion on the edge of its lower surface, with the fixing tab 590 located within the recessed portion. The protruding fixing tab 590 can serve as a position limiter for the battery pack located above it.

[0093] If only one fixing plate 590 is provided at the edge of the battery pack 510, the fixing plate 590 on the upper surface of the battery pack 510 is easily damaged when other battery packs 510 are placed on top of the battery pack 510. Therefore, multiple sub-fixing plates 5901 can also be provided on the upper surface of the battery pack 510. The multiple sub-fixing plates 5901 are fixedly connected to the fixing plate 590. The multiple sub-fixing plates 5901 extend along the x-direction, and the extension direction of the multiple sub-fixing plates 5901 is perpendicular to the protruding direction of the fixing plate to enhance the mechanical strength of the fixing plate 590. Chamfers are provided on the edges of the upper surfaces of the multiple sub-fixing plates 5901 away from the fixing plate 590. The chamfers prevent the ends of the other battery packs 510 from bumping against each other when they contact the chamfers when other battery packs 510 are stacked on the battery pack.

[0094] A connecting piece 5902 is fixedly connected to each of the upper and lower adjacent side walls 5103 of two adjacent battery packs 510. Referring to the schematic structural diagram of battery pack 510 shown in FIG8 , multiple screw holes are provided at the upper and lower ends of connecting piece 5902. These screw holes are used to secure the ends of connecting piece 5902 to the two adjacent battery packs 510. Connecting piece 5902 provides a fixed connection between multiple battery packs 510 and allows the battery packs 510 to slide on a horizontal surface, further enhancing the mechanical stability of the energy storage device 500.

[0095] As shown in Figure 7, the upper surface 5101 of each battery pack 510 is provided with a positioning pin 580, and correspondingly, the lower surface 5102 of each battery pack 510 is provided with a positioning groove. Any two adjacent battery packs 510 are connected by the positioning pin 580 and the positioning groove. The mechanical connection between the battery packs 510 is achieved through the cooperation between the positioning pin 580 and the positioning groove. The positioning pin 580 can be located at any position on the upper surface 5101 of the battery pack 510, and the number can also be designed according to actual needs. For example, there can be four positioning pins 580, located at the four corners of the upper surface 5101 of the battery pack 510, and correspondingly, the positioning grooves are located at the four corners of the lower surface 5102 of the battery pack 510. The positions of the positioning pins 580 and the positioning grooves can also be reversed, that is, each battery pack 510 has a positioning groove on its upper surface 5101, and each battery pack 510 has a positioning pin 580 on its lower surface 5102.

[0096] In order to improve the accuracy of the insertion of the locating pin 580 and the corresponding locating slot, the orthographic projection of the locating pin 580 in the z direction falls within the orthographic projection of the locating slot in the z direction, so that the locating pin 580 and the locating slot are arranged vertically opposite each other. The orthographic projection of the locating pin 580 in the z direction has the same shape as the orthographic projection of the locating slot in the z direction. For example, the orthographic projections of the locating pin 580 and the locating slot in the z direction are both circular, rectangular or polygonal. In addition, the extension length of the locating pin 580 is less than or equal to the extension length of the locating slot, so that there is no gap between the two adjacent battery packs 510 above and below, thereby increasing the ability to prevent foreign matter. In addition, the outer diameter of the locating pin 580 is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the locating slot. On the one hand, it allows the locating pin 580 to be inserted into the locating slot more accurately, and on the other hand, it provides a certain floating space for the locating pin 580 when inserted into the interior of the locating slot, thereby increasing the tolerance for material processing errors. For example, the size difference between the inner diameter of the locating slot and the outer diameter of the locating pin is 1 mm.

[0097] In one example, the energy storage device 500 also includes a battery control unit (BCU) 520. The BCU 520 is used to monitor the operating status of the energy storage device 500, ensure the safe and reliable operation of the energy storage device 500, and intelligently manage and maintain each battery pack 510. It can monitor and collect the status parameters of the battery pack 510 (voltage, temperature, current, SOC, SOH, etc. of the battery pack 510 / the cells within the battery pack 510) in real time, and perform necessary analysis and calculations on the relevant status parameters to obtain more system status assessment parameters. It can also effectively manage and control the energy storage device 500 according to specific protection and control strategies, such as implementing functions such as cell balancing and power-off protection, to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the entire energy storage device 500. Furthermore, the BCU 520 can exchange information with other external devices (PCS) through its own communication interface and analog / digital input and output structures. Referring to the structural diagram of the energy storage device 500 shown in FIG9 , the BCU 520 can be located on top of multiple battery packs 510. Compared to locating the BCU 520 at the bottom of the battery pack 510, this can save cables. Furthermore, placing the battery pack 510 at the bottom can easily expose the BCU 520 to moisture. This embodiment of the present application places the BCU 520 above multiple battery packs 510 to prevent moisture. If a BCU 520 malfunctions, it can be removed for repair without disassembling the battery pack 510, facilitating subsequent repairs and testing.

[0098] The specific structure of the BCU 520 can be seen in Figure 10, which is a schematic diagram of the BCU structure. The lower surface 5202 of the BCU 520 is provided with a groove 551 and a second connector 550. Accordingly, the first connector 540 on the upper surface of the battery pack 511 is inserted into the groove 551 on the lower surface of the BCU 520 and connected to the corresponding second connector 550, thereby electrically connecting the battery pack 511 to the BCU 520, thereby electrically connecting multiple battery packs 510 to the BCU 520. The specific structure of the groove 551 and the second connector 550 on the lower surface 5202 of the BCU 520 can refer to the specific structure of the groove 551 and the second connector 550 on the lower surface 5101 of the battery pack 510 described above.

[0099] To further enhance the precision of the insertion between the BCU 520 and the battery pack 511, a positioning groove is provided on the lower surface 5202 of the BCU 520, which is pluggable with a positioning pin 590 protruding from the upper surface of the battery pack 511. Alternatively, a positioning pin protruding from the lower surface of the BCU is pluggable with a positioning groove on the upper surface of the battery pack. The specific structure of the positioning groove on the lower surface 5202 of the BCU 520 and the positioning pin 580 on the upper surface of the battery pack 511 can refer to the specific structure of the positioning pin 580 on the upper surface and the positioning groove on the lower surface of the battery pack 510.

[0100] Since the upper surface of the battery pack 511 is provided with a fixing piece 590 and a plurality of sub-fixing pieces 5901, they serve to limit the BCU 520. Accordingly, the bottom of the BCU 520 should be provided with a recessed portion to cooperate with the fixing piece on the upper surface of the battery pack 511.

[0101] In one example, the energy storage device 500 further includes a base 530. Referring to the structural schematic diagram of the energy storage device 500 shown in FIG11 , multiple battery packs 510 are stacked and placed on the base 530. The base 530 serves as the basic support for the multiple battery packs 510 and the BCU 520, thereby improving the support stability and reliability of the overall structure of the energy storage device 500. The specific structure of the base 530 can be shown in FIG12 . A protective member 541 is provided on the upper surface 5301 of the base 530. The protective member 541 is inserted into the groove 551 located on the lower surface of the battery pack 513 to mechanically connect the battery pack 513 to the base 530, thereby fixing the multiple battery packs 510 and the base 530 in a fixed connection. The specific structure of the protective member 541 provided on the upper surface 5301 of the base 530 can refer to the specific structure of the protective member 541 provided on the upper surface of the battery pack 510.

[0102] As shown in the structural diagram of the protective member 541 on the base 530 shown in FIG13 , in order to improve the sealing between the base 530 and the battery pack 513 , a first sealing ring 5411 is provided on the outer periphery of the protective member 541 on the upper surface 5301 of the base 530 .

[0103] Similarly, positioning pins 580 can be provided on the base 530. When the battery packs 510 are stacked and placed on the base 530, the positioning pins 580 on the upper surface 5101 of the base 530 are inserted into the positioning grooves on the lower surface 5102 of the battery pack 510, serving as a guide. The mechanical connection between the battery pack 513 and the base 530 is achieved through the plug-in connection between the positioning pins 580 and the positioning grooves. Alternatively, the upper surface of the base 530 can be provided with positioning grooves, and the lower surface of the battery pack 513 can be provided with positioning pins. The specific structure of the positioning pins 580 on the upper surface 5301 of the base 530 and the positioning grooves provided on the lower surface of the battery pack 513 can refer to the specific structure of the positioning pins 580 provided on the upper surface of the battery pack 510 and the positioning grooves provided on the lower surface.

[0104] When the battery packs 513 are stacked and placed on the base 530, in order to prevent the battery packs 510 from sliding left and right, a fixing plate 590 can be provided on the edge of the upper surface 5301 of the base 530 to protrude. Referring to the structural diagram of the base 530 shown in Figure 12, the fixing plate 590 can limit the battery pack located above the battery pack. A plurality of sub-fixing plates 5901 can also be provided on the upper surface 5301 of the base. The plurality of sub-fixing plates 5901 are all fixedly connected to the fixing plate 590. The plurality of sub-fixing plates 5901 extend along the x-direction, and the extension direction of the plurality of sub-fixing plates 5901 is perpendicular to the protruding direction of the fixing plate to enhance the mechanical strength of the fixing plate 590. The plurality of sub-fixing plates 5901 can refer to the specific structure of the above-mentioned battery pack 510.

[0105] Typically, battery packs 510 communicate with each other using wired communication. This results in a large number of sockets, plugs, and cables and signal cables between the battery packs 510. This not only increases costs but also makes the cables in the energy storage device 500 very messy and complicated. When the user installs the energy storage device, the large amount of wiring work results in a long assembly time and the risk of missed / wrong connections. In addition, the cable connection method has low reliability. Therefore, multiple mounting holes can be provided in the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 to accommodate the power terminals and signal terminals extending from the battery pack. Through precise plug-in between the first connector 540 and the second connector 550, precise connection of the internal electrical terminals and signal terminals is achieved, eliminating the need for conventional cables, thereby reducing wiring complexity and the risk of missed / wrong connections.

[0106] Referring to the schematic diagram of the plug-in connection of the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 shown in FIG14 and the schematic diagram of the structure of the first connector 540 viewed from above in the z direction shown in FIG15 , the z direction is the height direction of the first connector 540. The first connector 540 includes two sides along the z direction. The side away from the battery pack 510 where it is located is the first side 5401. The first side 5401 is provided with a plug 542. The side of the first connector 540 close to the battery pack 510 is the second side 5402. The second side 5402 has a first accommodating cavity 544. The plug 542 extends into the first accommodating cavity 544. The plug 542 includes a plurality of first mounting holes 5421. The first mounting holes 5421 extend along the z direction. The side of the second connector 550 away from the battery pack 510 where it is located is the first side 5501. The first side 5501 is provided with a socket 552.

[0107] Continuing with the schematic structural diagrams of the second connector 550 shown in the z-direction in FIG. 14 and FIG. 16 , the side of the second connector 550 facing away from the battery pack 510 in which it resides is a second side 5502. This second side 5502 has a second accommodating cavity 554. A receptacle 552 extends into the second accommodating cavity 554. The receptacle 552 includes a plurality of second mounting holes 5521 extending along the z-direction. The plug 542 of the first connector 540 plugs into the receptacle 552 of the second connector 550. The plurality of first mounting holes 5421 on the first connector 540 and the plurality of second mounting holes 5521 on the second connector 550 are in a one-to-one correspondence. The outer diameter of the plug 542 can be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the receptacle 552. The plug 542 and receptacle 552 cooperate to achieve plug-and-unplug connection between the first connector 540 and the second connector 550, further improving the precise alignment of the battery packs 510. Furthermore, by providing the same number of first mounting holes 5421 and second mounting holes 5521, which are arranged opposite each other, on the first connector 540 and the second connector 550, respectively, installation space is provided for the wiring terminals extending from adjacent battery packs 510, preventing cables from leaking out of the energy storage device 500 and reducing the risk of moisture damage to the wiring terminals. The first connector 540 and the second connector 550 mate with each other to mate the signal terminals and electrical terminals on the battery pack 510, allowing for both signal and electrical connections after assembly of multiple battery packs 510, eliminating the need for conventional cables, reducing installation time and the risk of misconnections and missed connections.

[0108] After stacking multiple battery packs 510, it is necessary to connect the electrical terminals and signal terminals between the multiple battery packs 510 to achieve electrical connection between the multiple battery packs 510. The electrical terminals and signal terminals of the battery packs 510 are electrically connected via the first connector 540 and the second connector 550. For example, each battery pack 510 includes multiple first connection terminals 5105 and multiple second connection terminals 5106. The multiple first connection terminals 5105 correspond one-to-one with the multiple first mounting holes 5421 and are respectively inserted into the multiple first mounting holes 5421. The multiple second connection terminals correspond one-to-one with the multiple second mounting holes 5521 and are respectively inserted into the multiple second mounting holes 5521. The first connection terminals 5105 are electrically connected to the corresponding second connection terminals 5106.

[0109] Referring to the structural schematic diagram of the first connector shown in FIG17 and the assembly schematic diagram of the first connector and the first connection terminal shown in FIG18 , taking the stacked structure of battery pack 512 and battery pack 511 as an example, the first connection terminal 5105 can be a signal terminal extending from the upper surface of battery pack 512, and the second connection terminal 5106 can be a signal terminal extending from the lower surface of battery pack 511. The first connection terminal 5105 is plugged into the first mounting hole 5421. Referring to the assembly schematic diagram of the second connector and the second connection terminal shown in FIG19 , the second connection terminal 5106 is plugged into the second mounting hole 5521. Furthermore, as shown in FIG14 , the first mounting hole 5421 and the second mounting hole 5521 are correspondingly provided to realize the electrical connection between the first connection terminal 5105 and the corresponding second connection terminal 5106.

[0110] Specifically, both the first connection terminal 5105 and the second connection terminal 5106 can be stamped terminals, which have relatively low material and assembly costs. During battery pack stacking, the connector will not disengage even under heavy impact. Whether plugged in at an angle or dropped vertically, the connection is reliable, meeting the requirements for blind-mating installation in heavy stacking scenarios.

[0111] Similarly, by adopting this plug-in connection method to achieve signal connection between the battery pack 510 and the BCU 520, the stacked cables of the battery pack 510 are reduced, the risk of misconnection and missed connection during installation is reduced, and the installation time and labor cost of the energy storage device 500 are reduced.

[0112] It should be understood that the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 can be manufactured as an integral part using an injection molding process, and the material can be plastic, with a simple structure and low cost.

[0113] In order to further improve the plugging accuracy of the first connector 540 and the second connector 550, positioning posts and positioning holes can be provided on the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 respectively, and the positioning posts and the positioning holes are connected by plugging and unplugging.

[0114] Referring to the front and side structural schematic diagrams of the first connector 540 shown in Figures 20 and 21 respectively, in order to enhance the tightness of the first connecting terminal 5105 inserted into the first mounting hole 5421, the first connector 540 may include a first locking structure 548, and a first mounting groove 549 extending in the z direction is provided in the first accommodating cavity 544, and the first locking structure 548 is slidably connected to the first mounting groove 549.

[0115] Referring to the structural schematic diagram of the first connecting terminal 5105 shown in Figure 22, a limiting groove 51051 is provided on the first connecting terminal 5105, and a limiting protrusion 5481 is provided on the first locking structure 548. When the first locking structure 548 slides to the first position, the limiting protrusion 5481 is located in the limiting groove 51051 to limit the movement of the first connecting terminal 5105 along the z direction.

[0116] In a specific implementation, the first locking structure 548 can be pre-installed on the first connector 540. The first locking structure 548 is in the pre-installed position, and the limiting protrusion 5481 avoids the first mounting hole 5421. Then, the first connection terminal 5105, which has been crimped with the first wiring harness, is inserted into the first mounting hole 5421. After the first connection terminal 5105 is inserted into place, the first locking structure 548 is pushed to slide to the first position. The first locking structure 548 remains in the first position, and the limiting protrusion 5481 is located in the limiting groove 51051 of the first connection terminal 5105. Therefore, the first locking structure 548 can limit the movement of the first connection terminal 5105 along the z-direction, and the first connection terminal 5105 will not be depinned when subjected to stress.

[0117] As shown in FIG20 , the first end of the first locking structure 548 is inserted into the first mounting groove 549. In one possible example, the second end of the first locking structure 548 may be provided with a positioning protrusion 5482, and the end of the first mounting groove 549 near the second end of the first locking structure 548 may be provided with a positioning groove 5491. When the first locking structure 548 slides to the first position, the positioning protrusion 5482 engages with the positioning groove 5491, thereby locking the first locking structure 548 through the cooperation between the positioning protrusion 5482 and the positioning groove 5491.

[0118] For example, a stop protrusion is provided at the end of the first mounting groove 549 near the first end of the first locking structure 548. When the first locking structure 548 slides to the first position, the first end of the first locking structure 548 abuts against the stop protrusion (not shown in the figure), thereby limiting the sliding stroke of the first locking structure 548.

[0119] During specific implementation, the second end of the first locking structure 548 can be provided with a disassembly hole 5483. When the first locking structure 548 needs to be disassembled, a tool such as a screwdriver can be used to pry the first locking structure 548 from the disassembly hole 5483 to return the first locking structure 548 to the pre-installed position. After the first locking structure 548 is returned to the pre-installed position, it can be further removed from the first connector 540 to facilitate replacement of a new first locking structure 548 without causing damage to the first connector 540. In addition, the removed first locking structure 548 can be reused a certain number of times. After the first locking structure 548 is returned to the pre-installed position, the first connection terminal 5105 can be removed from the first mounting hole 5421 to achieve disassembly of the first connection terminal 5105.

[0120] In a specific implementation, the multiple first mounting holes 5421 can be arranged along the x-direction or the y-direction, where the x-direction is the width of the first connector 540 and the y-direction is the length of the first connector 540. Accordingly, the first locking structure 548 can be provided with multiple limiting protrusions 5481, which can be arranged along the y-direction. Alternatively, the multiple limiting protrusions 5481 can be arranged along the extension direction of the first locking structure 548, that is, the multiple limiting protrusions 5481 can be arranged from the first end to the second end of the first locking structure 548. The number of limiting protrusions 5481 can be the same as the number of first mounting holes 5421.

[0121] In actual application, as shown in Figures 22 and 23, when the first locking structure 548 is in the pre-installed position, the limiting protrusion 5481 can be located between two adjacent first mounting holes 5421, or located on one side of a first mounting hole 5421 along the y direction, such as the limiting protrusion 5481 located at one end of multiple limiting protrusions 5481 can be located on one side of the first mounting hole 5421 located at one end of multiple first mounting holes 5421; when the first locking structure 548 is in the first position, the limiting protrusion 5481 can be aligned with the first mounting hole 5421 in the z direction to cooperate with the limiting groove 51051 of the first connecting terminal 5105, so as to limit the movement of the first connecting terminal 5105 along the z direction.

[0122] In addition, a spring clip can be provided on the first connecting terminal 5105, and a snap-in groove can be provided in the first mounting hole 5421. When the first connecting terminal 5105 is assembled into the first mounting hole 5421, the spring clip snaps into the snap-in groove, thereby locking the first connecting terminal 5105. The first locking structure 548 is inserted into the first mounting groove 549 to achieve secondary locking. When the first connecting terminal 5105 needs to be removed, a relatively slender tool such as awl can be used to probe into the first mounting hole 5421 and press the spring clip on the first connecting terminal 5105. Then, the first wiring harness connected to the first connecting terminal 5105 can be pulled from the rear end of the first connecting terminal 5105 to remove the first connecting terminal 5105 from the first mounting hole 5421.

[0123] In one example, as shown in Figures 14 and 23, a first connector 540 includes a plurality of mounting posts 543 extending into a first accommodating cavity 544. A third mounting hole 5431 is defined within the mounting posts 543, extending along the z-direction. A second connector 550 includes a plurality of mounting cavities 553 extending into a second accommodating cavity 554. A fourth mounting hole 5531 is defined within the mounting cavities 553, extending along the z-direction. The plurality of mounting posts 543 correspond one-to-one with the plurality of mounting cavities 553, and the mounting posts 543 are plugged into corresponding cavities 553. By plugging the mounting posts 543 into corresponding cavities 553, precise alignment between adjacent battery packs 510 is further achieved.

[0124] The third and fourth mounting holes 5431, 5531 are used to mount connection terminals that have different functions from the first connection terminals. As shown in FIG23 , each battery pack 510 includes multiple third and fourth connection terminals. The third connection terminals correspond one-to-one with the third mounting holes 5431 and are plugged into the third mounting holes 5431. The fourth connection terminals correspond one-to-one with the fourth mounting holes 5531 and are plugged into the fourth mounting holes 5531, electrically connecting the third and fourth connection terminals. For example, the third and fourth connection terminals may be power terminals of the battery module. Stamped terminals may be used for the third and fourth connection terminals, which reduces material and assembly costs. The third and fourth connection terminals are plugged into the third and fourth mounting holes 5431, 5531, respectively. The corresponding arrangement of the third and fourth mounting holes 5431, 5531, allows for electrical connection between the third and fourth connection terminals, thereby achieving electrical connectivity between the multiple battery packs 510.

[0125] Similarly, by adopting this plug-in connection method for the electrical connection between the battery pack 510 and the BCU 520, the stacked cables of the battery pack 510 are reduced, the risk of misconnection and missed connection during installation is reduced, and the installation time and labor cost of the energy storage device 500 are reduced.

[0126] In a specific implementation, as shown in Figures 17 and 24, a support spring ring 54311 can be disposed within the third mounting hole 5431. The support spring ring 54311 engages within the third mounting hole 5431. After the third connection terminal is wired, it is inserted into the third mounting hole 5431 and engages with the support spring ring 54311, thereby locking the third connection terminal. Furthermore, a crown spring can be disposed within the third connection terminal to ensure a stable connection between the third and fourth connection terminals.

[0127] In addition, the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 are both designed with a floating structure, which can avoid the situation where the connectors between the battery packs 510 cannot be accurately plugged in due to material or manufacturing process reasons, avoid damage to the terminals due to hard connection, improve connection efficiency and ensure connection accuracy, and increase tolerance to processing errors. Therefore, users can blindly plug in to a certain extent and achieve the final correct plug-in state.

[0128] As shown in Figures 15 and 20 , the floating structure can be: First connector 540 has arcuate recesses 545 at both ends of the first connector 540, each located oppositely in the y-direction, for receiving screws 546. As shown in Figure 16 , second connector 550 has through-holes 555 at both ends for receiving screws 546. The arcuate recesses 545 on first connector 540 correspond vertically to the through-holes 555 on second connector 550. The inner diameters of the arcuate recesses 545 and through-holes 555 are both slightly larger than the outer diameter of the screws 546. This allows the first and second connectors 540 and 550 to move freely in the first and second directions, preventing issues such as material quality or manufacturing process that could cause the first and second connectors 540 and 550 to be imprecisely plugged in, thus preventing damage to pins. For example, the inner diameters of the arcuate recesses 545 on first connector 540 and through-holes 555 on second connector 550 can differ by ±1 mm from the outer diameter of the screws 546.

[0129] In addition, the floating structure can also be that elastic components are set in each mounting hole of the first connector 540 and the second connector 550, or the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 use elastic materials, so that a certain floating space can be allowed when the first connector 540 and the second connector 550 are plugged in.

[0130] Referring to the electrical connection diagram inside the energy storage device 500 shown in Figure 25, electrical connections are achieved between multiple battery packs and between the battery packs and the BCU through connectors. The battery pack includes a power module and a battery module. The DC power output by the battery module is first boosted by the power module and then output to the DC bus, realizing high-voltage series or high-voltage parallel connection at the system level, which can meet the energy storage needs in large-capacity scenarios.

[0131] In some examples, as shown in FIG26 , the sidewalls of the battery pack 510 are provided with mounting holes for mounting handle bars 5108. The mounting holes can be threaded holes. Before assembling multiple battery packs 510 into the energy storage device 500, the threaded metal at the end of the handle bars 5108 is screwed into the threaded holes in the sidewalls of the battery packs. Two or more people can then lift and stack the battery packs, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the energy storage device.

[0132] In some examples, as shown in FIG27 , a mounting plate 560 is provided on the side wall 5103 of the energy storage device 500. The mounting plate 560 is used to fix the energy storage device 500 on a building. When the energy storage device 500 is used in a household scenario, the building can be a wall. The mounting plate 560 fixes the energy storage device 500 on an indoor or outdoor wall, does not occupy indoor floor area, and is convenient for user use and design. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific position and number of the mounting plate 560. Those skilled in the art can design the specific position and number of the mounting plate 560 according to actual needs. For example, the mounting plate 560 can be located on the side wall 5103 between the BCU 520 and the battery pack 510 on the top layer, and the number can be 2.

[0133] Specifically, as shown in Figure 28, the mounting piece 560 can adopt an L-shaped fixing piece 590. First, one end of the L-shaped fixing piece 590 is fixed to the battery pack 510 by screws, and then the other end of the L-shaped fixing piece 590 is fixed to the side wall 5103 of the energy storage device 500 by expansion bolts. When the energy storage device 500 is mounted on the wall, the mounting piece 560 can achieve a stable connection between the energy storage device 500 and the wall. Fixing the energy storage device 500 on the wall can save the space occupied by the energy storage device 500, and the setting of the mounting piece 560 can prevent the energy storage device 500 from tipping over.

[0134] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides an energy storage system, which includes an energy storage device 500 and an inverter, wherein the inverter is used to convert the direct current output by the energy storage device 500 into alternating current and output it to an external load or a power grid, and / or, the inverter is used to convert the alternating current output by the power grid into direct current and output it to the energy storage device 500.

[0135] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a battery pack 510. Referring to the structural schematic diagrams of the battery pack shown in Figures 3 and 4, the upper surface 5101 of the battery pack 510 is protrudingly provided with a protective member 541 and a first connector 540. The protective member 541 is arranged around the outer periphery of the first connector 540. The lower surface 5102 of the battery pack 510 is provided with a groove 551 and a second connector 550. The orthographic projection of the protective member 541 in the height direction of the battery pack 510 falls within the orthographic projection of the groove 551 in the height direction of the battery pack 510.

[0136] A fixing plate 590 is protruding from the edge of the upper surface of the battery pack 510, and a recess is provided at the edge of the lower surface of the battery pack 510. The orthographic projection of the fixing plate 590 along the height direction of the battery pack 510 falls within the orthographic projection of the recess in the height direction of the battery pack 510.

[0137] The upper surface of the battery pack 510 is provided with multiple sub-fixing plates 5901590, and the multiple sub-fixing plates 5901590 are fixedly connected to the fixing plate 590, and the extension direction of the multiple sub-fixing plates 5901590 is perpendicular to the protruding direction of the fixing plate 590.

[0138] A positioning pin 580 is protruding from the upper surface of the battery pack 510, and the positioning pin 580 extends along the height direction of the battery pack 510. A positioning groove is provided on the lower surface of the battery pack 510, and the extension direction of the positioning groove along the height direction of the battery pack 510 is opposite to the extension direction of the positioning pin 580. The orthographic projection of the positioning pin 580 along the height direction of the battery pack falls within the orthographic projection of the positioning groove in the height direction of the battery pack.

[0139] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application further provides an energy storage device, comprising at least one battery pack 510 provided in the third aspect and a base, the base being located below the battery pack 510. The energy storage device further comprises a battery control unit (BCU), the BCU being located on top of the battery pack 510.

[0140] The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A stacked energy storage device, characterized in that: The energy storage device includes a plurality of battery packs, which are stacked. Among the two contact surfaces of any two adjacent battery packs among the plurality of battery packs, one of the contact surfaces is protrudingly provided with a protective member and a first connector, the protective member is arranged around the outer circumference of the first connector, and the other contact surface is provided with a groove and a second connector, the second connector is located in the groove, the protective member is pluggably connected to the groove, and the first connector is pluggably connected to the second connector.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connector and the second connector are plug-in connected to fix the two adjacent battery packs and are used to connect the two adjacent battery packs in series or in parallel. The protective member and the groove are plug-in connected to fix the two adjacent battery packs.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: An orthographic projection of the protection member in a stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs falls within an orthographic projection of the groove in the stacking direction.

4. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The maximum distance between the edges of the outer periphery of the guard is less than or equal to the maximum distance between the inner walls of the groove.

5. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The height of the outer periphery of the protection member is less than or equal to the depth of the groove.

6. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The battery pack includes a power module and a battery module, and the power module and the battery module are arranged in a direction perpendicular to a stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs; The first connector and the second connector are respectively located on two opposite surfaces of the power module along the stacking direction.

7. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Among any two adjacent battery packs among the multiple battery packs, a fixing plate is protruding from the edge of the upper surface of one of the battery packs, and a recess is provided at the edge of the lower surface of the other battery pack, and the fixing plate is located in the recess.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: An orthographic projection of the fixing sheet along the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs falls within an orthographic projection of the recessed portion along the stacking direction.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: A plurality of sub-fixing plates are disposed on the upper surface of each of the plurality of battery packs, the plurality of sub-fixing plates are fixedly connected to the fixing plate, and the extension direction of the plurality of sub-fixing plates is perpendicular to the protruding direction of the fixing plate.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper surfaces of the plurality of sub-fixing sheets are chamfered at edges away from the fixing sheet.

11. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: Two upper and lower adjacent side walls of any two adjacent battery packs among the multiple battery packs are fixedly connected to a connecting piece.

12. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The energy storage device includes a battery control unit BCU, and the BCU is arranged on the top of the plurality of battery packs; Among the two contact surfaces between the battery pack located at the top layer of the multiple battery packs and the BCU, one of the contact surfaces is protrudingly provided with a protective member and the first connector, and the protective member is arranged around the outer circumference of the first connector, and the other contact surface is provided with the groove and the second connector, and the second connector is located in the groove, the protective member is plug-in connected to the groove, and the first connector is plug-in connected to the second connector.

13. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The energy storage device includes a base, and the base is arranged at the bottom of the plurality of battery packs; Among the two contact surfaces of the battery pack located at the bottom layer of the multiple battery packs and the base, the contact surface of the base is protrudingly provided with the protective member, the contact surface of the battery pack is provided with the groove, and the protective member is plug-in-plug-connected with the groove.

14. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: Among the two contact surfaces of any two adjacent battery packs among the multiple battery packs, one of the contact surfaces is protruding with a positioning pin, and the positioning pin extends along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, and the other contact surface is provided with a positioning groove, and the positioning groove extends along the stacking direction, and the positioning pin is plugged and connected to the positioning groove.

15. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: The first connector and the second connector include two ends oppositely arranged in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, both ends of the first connector are provided with an arc-shaped groove, and both ends of the second connector are provided with a through hole, the arc-shaped groove and the through hole are used to install screws, and the inner diameter of the arc-shaped groove and the inner diameter of the through hole are larger than the outer diameter of the screw.

16. An energy storage system, characterized in that: It comprises an energy storage device and an inverter as described in any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the inverter is used to convert the direct current output by the energy storage device into alternating current output to an external load or a power grid, and / or the inverter is used to convert the alternating current output by the power grid into direct current output to the energy storage device.

17. A battery pack, characterized in that: A protective member and a first connector are protrudingly provided on the upper surface of the battery pack, and the protective member is arranged around the outer circumference of the first connector. A groove and a second connector are provided on the lower surface of the battery pack, and the orthographic projection of the protective member in the height direction of the battery pack falls within the orthographic projection of the groove in the height direction.

18. The battery pack according to claim 17, characterized in that: A fixing plate is protruding from the edge of the upper surface of the battery pack, and a recessed portion is provided at the edge of the lower surface of the battery pack. The orthographic projection of the fixing plate in the height direction of the battery pack falls within the orthographic projection of the recessed portion in the height direction.

19. The battery pack according to claim 18, characterized in that: A plurality of sub-fixing plates are disposed on the upper surface of the battery pack, and the plurality of sub-fixing plates are all fixedly connected to the fixing plate, and the extension direction of the plurality of sub-fixing plates is perpendicular to the protruding direction of the fixing plate.

20. The battery pack according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that: A positioning pin is protruding from the upper surface of the battery pack, and the positioning pin extends along the height direction of the battery pack. A positioning groove is provided on the lower surface of the battery pack, and the positioning groove extends along the height direction of the battery pack. The orthographic projection of the positioning pin along the height direction of the battery pack falls within the orthographic projection of the positioning groove in the height direction.

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