High-yield culture method for fish polyculture

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield culture method for fish polyculture, and relates to the technical field of ecological culture, and the high-yield culture method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) dredging a culture pond, drying the pond in the sun, splashing a traditional Chinese medicine component disinfectant, storing shallow clear water, and splashing an EM (Effective Microorganisms) diluent for bottom mud maintenance; (2) the pond after bottom mud maintenance is fully filled with water, and then fries of spotted silver carps, crucian carps, dace and black carps are put into the pond; 3, traditional Chinese medicine probiotic fermented mixed fish feed is adopted for feeding, feeding is conducted once in the morning and once in the evening every day, the feeding rate is 1.5%-3.5%, and feeding is conducted till adult fishes are harvested; fish oil and soybean lecithin oil are removed from the expanded feed of the traditional Chinese medicine probiotic fermented mixed fish feed, oxidation failure of grease due to high temperature in the expansion process is avoided, and by optimizing a feed preparation process and a feeding mode, the utilization rate of the feed and the growth speed of fishes are increased, the overall balanced growth of the fishes is promoted, and the culture efficiency is improved. And high-yield and high-efficiency culture of fishes is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological breeding, and in particular to a high-yield breeding method for fish polyculture. Background Art

[0002] Since silver carp, crucian carp, dace and black carp have different living spaces, the interbreeding model of silver carp, crucian carp, dace and black carp can make full use of water space and increase breeding density and breeding output. However, due to the increase in breeding density, natural food can no longer meet the growth requirements of silver carp, crucian carp, dace and black carp, so artificial compound feed is generally used for breeding.

[0003] For example, the Chinese patent with application number CN202111573307.7, a high-yield breeding method for silver carp, crucian carp, dace carp and black carp, belongs to the field of ecological breeding technology, and discloses a high-yield breeding method for silver carp, crucian carp, dace carp and black carp. The breeding method comprises the following steps: (1) after dredging and drying the breeding pond, spraying a disinfectant with Chinese medicinal ingredients for disinfection, and then storing shallow clean water and spraying a diluted EM bacteria solution for bottom mud maintenance; (2) filling the pond after the bottom mud maintenance in step (1) with water, and then putting silver carp, crucian carp, dace carp and black carp fry; (3) using Chinese medicinal probiotics fermented mixed fish feed for feeding, feeding once in the morning and evening every day, with a feeding rate of 1.5% to 3.5%, and raising until the adult fish is harvested. The breeding method of the invention adopts Chinese medicinal disinfectant disinfection treatment and EM bacteria liquid enhanced improvement treatment, which can increase the breeding yield and enhance the deliciousness of fish. Significantly increase the breeding efficiency.

[0004] The fish oil and soybean lecithin oil in the above scheme are added to the puffed feed, but they are easily oxidized and ineffective during the puffing process, resulting in a waste of resources; the puffed feed and the pelleted feed do not distinguish between the particle size and the sinking rate, resulting in the upper layer fish mainly eating the puffed feed, and the fish oil and soybean lecithin oil therein have become ineffective, while the lower layer fish mainly eat the pelleted feed, resulting in an unbalanced feeding, and the stratified feeding effect of fish in different water layers has major defects. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a high-yield aquaculture method for mixed fish farming, which solves the problems in the prior art of oxidation failure of oil due to high temperature during the puffing process and uneven feeding of fish in different water layers. By optimizing the feed preparation process and feeding method, the feed utilization rate and the growth rate of fish are improved, while maintaining the microecological environment of the breeding pond, the overall balanced growth of fish is promoted, the breeding efficiency is improved, and high-yield and efficient fish farming is achieved.

[0006] The present application provides a high-yield fish polyculture method, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) After the aquaculture pond is dredged and sun-dried, a disinfectant containing Chinese medicinal ingredients is sprayed on it for disinfection, and then after shallow clean water is accumulated, a diluted EM bacteria solution is sprayed on it for bottom mud maintenance;

[0008] (2) filling the pond after the sediment curing in step (1) with water, and then putting silver carp, crucian carp, dace and black carp fry;

[0009] (3) Feeding fish with mixed fish feed fermented with Chinese herbal probiotics, once in the morning and once in the evening every day, with a feeding rate of 1.5%-3.5%, and harvesting the fish when they grow up;

[0010] The Chinese medicinal probiotic fermented mixed fish feed in step (3) is prepared by the following method:

[0011] 1) adding spirulina powder, Antarctic krill powder, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, peanut bran, corn protein powder, fish oil, soybean lecithin oil, choline chloride, vitamin premix, and mineral premix into a mixing tank, mixing, crushing and sieving, and obtaining a uniform mixture; then adding the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid into the mixture by spray mixing under stirring conditions to obtain a wet material, and sending the obtained wet material into a granulating dryer for low-temperature drying and granulation to obtain a Chinese medicine probiotic fermented granular feed;

[0012] 2) adding spirulina powder, Antarctic krill powder, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, peanut bran, corn protein powder, choline chloride, vitamin premix, and mineral premix into a mixing tank, mixing, crushing, and sieving to obtain a uniform mixture; sequentially steam conditioning and extrusion puffing the obtained mixture to obtain three kinds of crude puffed feed with different particle sizes; then spraying the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid on the surface of the crude puffed feed under stirring conditions, and drying at low temperature to obtain three kinds of Chinese medicine probiotic fermented puffed feed with different particle sizes;

[0013] 3) The Chinese herbal probiotic fermented granular feed obtained in step 1) is crushed, and the crushed granular feed is mixed with fish oil and soybean lecithin oil to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is mixed with the three kinds of Chinese herbal probiotic fermented puffed feeds with different particle sizes obtained in step 2) respectively, and low-temperature drying is performed to obtain Chinese herbal probiotic fermented mixed fish feed.

[0014] Further, the weight ratio of each raw material in the mixture of step 2) is: 10-30 parts of spirulina powder, 10-30 parts of Antarctic krill powder, 10-30 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-20 parts of wheat flour, 5-20 parts of peanut bran, 5-15 parts of corn protein powder, 0.1-0.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.1-0.5 parts of vitamin premix, and 0.1-0.5 parts of mineral premix;

[0015] Crushing and screening means ultrafine grinding followed by 40-80 mesh sieve;

[0016] The spraying amount of the Chinese herbal probiotic fermentation liquid is 20%-60% of the mass of the mixture, and low-temperature drying refers to vacuum drying at a temperature of 40-60°C; the three particle sizes of puffed feed are large particle size puffed feed particles of 1.2-2.4mm, medium particle size puffed feed particles of 0.8-1.2mm, and small particle size puffed feed particles of 0.4-0.8mm.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 3), the mass ratio of the fish oil 1-5 parts, the soybean lecithin oil 1-5 parts, the Chinese medicine probiotics fermented granular feed and the Chinese medicine probiotics fermented puffed feed is 1:(1.1-1.4);

[0018] The particle size ranges of the mixed fish feed fermented with Chinese herbal probiotics are: large particle size feed 1.5-3mm, medium particle size feed 1.0-1.5mm, small particle size feed 0.5-1mm;

[0019] The particle size ratio range of the mixed fish feed fermented with traditional Chinese medicine probiotics is 30%-40% for large particle size feed, 40%-50% for medium particle size feed, and 20%-30% for small particle size feed.

[0020] Furthermore, the Chinese herbal probiotic fermented mixed fish feed also includes fish feed A coated with wheat flour on the outside, and the proportion of fish feed A in the mixed fish feed is 10%-30%.

[0021] Furthermore, the Chinese herbal probiotic fermented mixed fish feed also includes fish feed B coated with fish oil and soybean lecithin oil, and the proportion of fish feed B in the mixed fish feed is 10%-30%.

[0022] Furthermore, when feeding the fish feed B, the breeding pond is pumped synchronously; the pumping speed range is 0.5-2.0m 3 / h / mu, the pump gas flow range is 50-200L / min / mu.

[0023] Furthermore, the Chinese herbal probiotic fermented mixed fish feed also includes compound fish feed C, and the proportion of compound fish feed C in the mixed fish feed is 10%-25%.

[0024] Furthermore, when the compound fish feed C is fed, the compound fish feed C is sprinkled in 3-6 times.

[0025] Furthermore, the composite fish feed C is composed of four layers, namely, an inner layer, a middle layer, a second outer layer, and an outer layer;

[0026] The inner layer is a layer of fermented puffed feed made from Chinese medicinal probiotics;

[0027] The middle layer is an oil film layer made of a mixture of fish oil and soybean lecithin oil;

[0028] The second outer layer is a powder layer of fermented granular feed with Chinese medicinal probiotics;

[0029] The outer layer is a wheat flour layer.

[0030] Furthermore, the dosage ratio of each layer of the compound fish feed C is: inner layer 30%-40%, middle layer 10%-15%, second outer layer 20%-30%, outer layer 20%-25%.

[0031] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0032] First, fish oil and soybean lecithin oil are removed from the puffed feed, which avoids the problem of these oils being oxidized and ineffective due to high temperature during the puffing process, thereby reducing the loss of nutrients. The Chinese medicine probiotic fermented granular feed is crushed and mixed with fish oil and soybean lecithin oil, and then mixed with the puffed feed to make mixed feed particles with different particle sizes and densities, thereby adjusting the sinking rate of the feed, ensuring the effective retention and balanced distribution of these important nutrients, so that fish in different water layers can eat evenly, improving the overall nutritional value of the feed, promoting the overall balanced growth of fish, and improving breeding efficiency;

[0033] Secondly, the outer layer of fish feed A is wrapped with wheat flour, which has good water absorption. When the feed enters the water, the outer layer of wheat flour will quickly absorb water, increase the weight and density of the feed, thereby accelerating the sinking rate of the feed, so that the fish feed A can sink to the bottom of the pond faster, ensuring that the bottom fish can obtain food in time to meet their feeding needs; by introducing fish feed A and utilizing its fast sinking characteristics, it is ensured that the bottom fish can also obtain sufficient food supply. This balanced feeding method can reduce the competition for food among fish, reduce stress response, and increase the survival rate and growth rate of fish, thereby improving the overall breeding efficiency; by testing the sinking rate of fish feed A in the breeding pond, it can be ensured that it reaches the bottom of the pond within a suitable time, and it can be adjusted according to the situation to meet the feeding needs of bottom fish in different situations, thereby achieving balanced growth and efficient breeding of fish in the entire breeding pond;

[0034] Third, by adjusting the feeding ratio and pump air parameters of fish feed B, as well as by adjusting the particle size and density of fish feed B, the sinking speed and residence time of the feed in the water can be accurately controlled, thereby meeting the feeding needs of fish in different water layers, improving the accuracy of feed distribution and the controllability of mixed feed feeding. This precise feeding method can reduce the competitive feeding among fish, reduce stress response, and promote the balanced growth of fish, thereby increasing the fish yield and quality of the breeding pond, reducing feed costs and environmental pressure. Through scientific feed ratio, sinking rate adjustment and pump air management, the rational use of breeding resources and environmental protection are achieved, and the breeding efficiency and economic benefits are improved;

[0035] Fourthly, by spreading the compound fish feed C in multiple times, the feeding amount and feeding frequency can be flexibly adjusted according to the feeding situation of the fish and the changes in the water quality of the pond. This precise feeding method reduces feed waste, improves feed utilization, and also reduces the risk of pond water quality deterioration caused by overfeeding; the multi-layer structure and different sinking rates of the compound fish feed C enable the feed to stay and distribute in different water layers of the pond, meeting the feeding needs of fish at different levels; the upper fish can eat floating or slowly sinking feed, while the bottom fish can eat fast-sinking feed, thereby achieving balanced growth of fish. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs; the terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention; the term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0037] Embodiment 1: A high-yield breeding method for fish polyculture, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) After the aquaculture pond is dredged and sun-dried, a disinfectant containing Chinese medicinal ingredients is sprayed on it for disinfection, and then after shallow clean water is accumulated, a diluted EM bacteria solution is sprayed on it for bottom mud maintenance;

[0039] (2) filling the pond after the sediment curing in step (1) with water, and then putting silver carp, crucian carp, dace and black carp fry;

[0040] Among them, the stocking amount of silver carp fry is 300-600 per mu, the stocking amount of crucian carp fry is 400-800 per mu, the stocking amount of dace fry is 200-500 per mu, and the stocking amount of black carp fry is 200-400 per mu;

[0041] (3) Feeding fish with mixed fish feed fermented with Chinese herbal probiotics, once in the morning and once in the evening every day, with a feeding rate of 1.5%-3.5%, and harvesting the fish when they grow up;

[0042] The Chinese medicinal probiotic fermented mixed fish feed in step (3) is prepared by the following method:

[0043] 1) adding spirulina powder, Antarctic krill powder, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, peanut bran, corn protein powder, fish oil, soybean lecithin oil, choline chloride, vitamin premix, and mineral premix into a mixing tank, mixing, crushing and sieving, and obtaining a uniform mixture; then adding the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid into the mixture by spray mixing under stirring conditions to obtain a wet material, and sending the obtained wet material into a granulating dryer for low-temperature drying and granulation to obtain a Chinese medicine probiotic fermented granular feed;

[0044] The weight proportion of each raw material in the mixture is: 10-30 parts of spirulina powder, 10-30 parts of Antarctic krill powder, 10-30 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-20 parts of wheat flour, 5-20 parts of peanut bran, 5-15 parts of corn protein powder, 1-5 parts of fish oil, 1-5 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 0.1-0.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.1-0.5 parts of vitamin premix, and 0.1-0.5 parts of mineral premix; the crushing and sieving refers to ultrafine crushing followed by 40-80 mesh sieve; the amount of Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid added is 50%-200% of the mass of the mixture; the low-temperature drying and granulation refers to vacuum drying and granulation at a temperature of 40-60°C;

[0045] 2) adding spirulina powder, Antarctic krill powder, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, peanut bran, corn protein powder, choline chloride, vitamin premix, and mineral premix into a mixing tank, mixing, crushing, and sieving to obtain a uniform mixture; sequentially steam conditioning and extrusion puffing the obtained mixture to obtain three kinds of crude puffed feed with different particle sizes; then spraying the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid on the surface of the crude puffed feed under stirring conditions, and drying at low temperature to obtain three kinds of Chinese medicine probiotic fermented puffed feed with different particle sizes;

[0046] The weight ratio of each raw material in the mixture is: 10-30 parts of spirulina powder, 10-30 parts of Antarctic krill powder, 10-30 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-20 parts of wheat flour, 5-20 parts of peanut bran, 5-15 parts of corn protein powder, 0.1-0.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.1-0.5 parts of vitamin premix, and 0.1-0.5 parts of mineral premix; pulverizing and sieving refers to ultrafine pulverization and then passing through a 40-80 mesh sieve; the spraying amount of the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid is 20%-60% of the mass of the mixture; low-temperature drying refers to vacuum drying at a temperature of 40-60°C; the three types of puffed feed particle sizes are: large-size puffed feed particles 1.2-2.4mm, medium-size puffed feed particles 0.8-1.2mm, and small-size puffed feed particles 0.4-0.8mm;

[0047] 3) crushing the Chinese medicine probiotic fermented granular feed obtained in step 1), mixing the crushed granular feed with fish oil and soybean lecithin oil to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture with the three kinds of Chinese medicine probiotic fermented puffed feeds with different particle sizes obtained in step 2), respectively, and drying at low temperature to obtain Chinese medicine probiotic fermented mixed fish feed;

[0048] Among them, fish oil is 1-5 parts, soybean lecithin oil is 1-5 parts, the mass ratio of Chinese medicine probiotic fermented granular feed to Chinese medicine probiotic fermented puffed feed is 1:(1.1-1.4), and the particle size ranges of Chinese medicine probiotic fermented mixed fish feed are: large particle size feed 1.5-3mm, medium particle size feed 1.0-1.5mm, small particle size feed 0.5-1mm;

[0049] 4) Test the sinking rate of different mixed fish feeds in the breeding pond, with a water depth of 2.5 meters; the test results are shown in the following table:

[0050]

[0051] According to the test results, the particle size ratio of the mixed fish feed fermented with Chinese herbal probiotics ranges from 30% to 40% for large particle size feed, 40% to 50% for medium particle size feed, and 20% to 30% for small particle size feed;

[0052] Wherein, the Chinese medicinal probiotic fermentation broth in step 1) and step 2) is prepared by the following method:

[0053] A. Boil nine Chinese medicinal herbs including Andrographis paniculata, Radix Isatidis, Rhizoma Cynomorii, Radix Astragali, Codonopsis pilosula, Red dates, Tangerine peel, Crataegus pinnatifida, and Radix Glycyrrhizae with brown sugar in water, filter out the residue, and obtain a decoction;

[0054] The weight proportions of each Chinese medicinal ingredient are as follows: 10-20 parts of Andrographis paniculata, 5-15 parts of Isatis indigotica, 5-15 parts of Cyperus rotundus, 10-20 parts of Astragalus, 5-15 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 5-10 parts of Red Dates, 10-20 parts of Tangerine Peel, 5-10 parts of Hawthorn, and 5-15 parts of Licorice.

[0055] The weight percentage of the Chinese medicinal ingredients is as follows: Andrographis paniculata, Radix Isatidis and Rhizoma Cyperi account for 30%-40%, Astragalus, Codonopsis pilosula and Red Dates account for 30%-40%, Tangerine Peel, Hawthorn and Licorice account for 20%-40%;

[0056] B. diluting the decoction obtained in step A, heating the mixture to 80-100° C., adding starch to carry out gelatinization reaction, and obtaining a suspension fermentation culture medium;

[0057] Wherein, the mass concentration of starch added is 0.5%-4%;

[0058] C. adding the composite bacterial powder composed of Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Streptococcus faecalis and Rhodospirilla to the suspension fermentation culture solution of step B, stirring and mixing to disperse evenly, then adding nitrogen source and inorganic salt to mix evenly, and carrying out suspension fermentation culture under temperature conditions of 10-38° C. and air conditions until the surface of the suspension fermentation culture solution is covered with white to beige fermentation plaques, thereby obtaining the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation solution;

[0059] Among them, in the composite bacterial powder composed of Bacillus subtilis, yeast, fecal streptococcus and rhodospirilla, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis: yeast: fecal streptococcus: rhodospirilla is 1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2.

[0060] The following experiment was conducted for Example 1:

[0061] The Chinese medicinal probiotic fermented mixed fish feed is prepared by the following method:

[0062] 1) By weight, 25 parts of spirulina powder, 20 parts of Antarctic krill powder, 20 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of peanut bran, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 3 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 0.2 parts of choline chloride, 0.3 parts of vitamin premix, and 0.2 parts of mineral premix are added to a mixing tank and mixed, and then crushed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a uniform mixture. Under stirring conditions, the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid is added to the mixture by spray mixing to obtain a wet material, and the amount of the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid added is 80% of the mass of the mixture. Then it is sent to a granulating dryer for low-temperature vacuum drying at 40-50°C to obtain a Chinese medicine probiotic fermented granular feed.

[0063] 2) Add 25 parts of spirulina powder, 20 parts of Antarctic krill powder, 20 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of peanut bran, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 0.2 parts of choline chloride, 0.3 parts of vitamin premix, and 0.2 parts of mineral premix into a mixing tank, mix, and ultrafine grind through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a uniform mixture; steam condition the obtained mixture and extrusion puff it in turn to obtain three types of puffed feed crude products; then spray the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid on the surface of the puffed feed crude product under stirring conditions, and the amount of Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid added is 40% of the quality of the puffed feed crude product. Then dry at a low temperature of 40-50°C to obtain three types of Chinese medicine probiotic fermented puffed feed with particle sizes, large-size puffed feed particles are 1.2-2.4mm, medium-size puffed feed particles are 0.8-1.2mm, and small-size puffed feed particles are 0.4-0.8mm;

[0064] 3) The Chinese herbal probiotic fermented granular feed obtained in step 1) is crushed, and after crushing, it is mixed with 3 parts of fish oil and 2 parts of soybean lecithin oil to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is mixed with the three kinds of Chinese herbal probiotic fermented puffed feeds with different particle sizes obtained in step 2) at a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain the Chinese herbal probiotic fermented mixed fish feed, wherein the three particle size ranges are large particle size feed 1.5-3mm, medium particle size feed 1.0-1.5mm, and small particle size feed 0.5-1mm; the particle size ratio of the Chinese herbal probiotic fermented mixed fish feed is 30%-40% for large particle size feed, 40%-50% for medium particle size feed, and 20%-30% for small particle size feed.

[0065] The comparative example was prepared by the method of Chinese patent application number CN202111573307.7, which differs from the present embodiment in that fish oil and soybean lecithin oil were added to the puffed feed.

[0066] The technical solutions in the above embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0067] In the Chinese patent with the comparative document application number CN202111573307.7, fish oil and soybean lecithin oil are added to the puffed feed, but they are easily oxidized and ineffective during the puffing process, resulting in a waste of resources; the puffed feed and the pelleted feed do not distinguish between the particle size and the sinking rate, resulting in the upper fish mainly eating the puffed feed, and the fish oil and soybean lecithin oil therein have been ineffective, while the lower fish mainly eat the pelleted feed, and the feeding is unbalanced; the present embodiment removes the fish oil and soybean lecithin oil from the puffed feed, thereby avoiding the problem of oxidation and ineffectiveness of these oils due to high temperature during the puffing process, thereby reducing the loss of nutrients, and crushing the Chinese medicine probiotic fermented pellet feed and mixing it with fish oil and soybean lecithin oil, and then mixing it with the puffed feed to form mixed feed pellets of different particle sizes and densities, thereby adjusting the sinking rate of the feed, ensuring the effective retention and balanced distribution of these important nutrients, so that fish in different water layers can eat in a balanced manner, improving the overall nutritional value of the feed, promoting the overall balanced growth of fish, and improving the breeding efficiency;

[0068] By adjusting the particle size of the extruded feed to form a gradient and mixing it with the fermented pellet feed in a certain proportion, the feed density is adjusted, thereby affecting the sinking rate of the feed; by testing the sinking rate of feeds with different particle sizes in water and adjusting the feed particle size ratio range accordingly, fish in different water layers can obtain sufficient and timely food supply; by optimizing the feed sinking rate, the balanced distribution of feed is achieved, the competition for food among fish is reduced, and the utilization rate of feed is improved;

[0069] Due to the improvement of feed nutritional value and optimization of sinking rate, the growth rate and health of fish have been significantly improved, thereby increasing breeding efficiency and output. Through scientific feed ratio and sinking rate adjustment, the growth needs of mixed culture fish are accurately met, avoiding waste of resources and environmental problems caused by overfeeding.

[0070] The addition of Chinese herbal probiotic fermentation liquid not only improves the nutritional value of the feed, but also enhances the disease resistance and immunity of fish, reduces the risk of disease, and optimizes feed ratios and sinking rates to reduce competitive feeding and stress responses among fish, further improving the survival rate of fish; it improves breeding efficiency and output, while reducing feed costs and environmental pressure, providing strong support for the sustainable development of the breeding industry, and achieving rational use of breeding resources and environmental protection through scientific breeding and precise management.

[0071] Embodiment 2: The above-mentioned embodiment 1 optimizes the feed preparation process and adjusts the feed particle size and density to adjust the sinking rate of the feed in the water, thereby promoting the overall balanced growth of fish and improving the breeding efficiency. In order to further promote the overall balanced growth of fish and improve the breeding efficiency, further improvements are made on the basis of embodiment 1.

[0072] The mixed fish feed fermented with traditional Chinese medicine and probiotics also includes fish feed A coated with wheat flour, and the proportion of fish feed A in the mixed fish feed is 10%-30%;

[0073] The preparation method of the fish feed A is specifically as follows:

[0074] Add spirulina powder, Antarctic krill powder, fermented soybean meal, peanut bran, corn protein powder, fish oil, soybean lecithin oil, choline chloride, vitamin premix and mineral premix into a mixing tank, mix, crush and sieve to obtain a uniform mixture;

[0075] The mixed material is sent to a granulating dryer for low temperature drying and granulation to obtain a fermented granular feed;

[0076] The wheat flour and the fermented liquid of Chinese medicinal probiotics are mixed evenly, and the mixture is coated on the surface of the fermented pellet feed to obtain fish feed A;

[0077] The sinking rate of fish feed A in the aquaculture pond was tested with a water depth of 2.5 meters. The test results are shown in the following table:

[0078]

[0079] This embodiment is experimented on the basis of the experiment of the first embodiment. The difference between this embodiment and the experiment of the first embodiment is that the mixed fish feed fermented by traditional Chinese medicine probiotics also includes fish feed A coated with wheat flour on the outside, and the proportion of fish feed A in the mixed fish feed is 15%.

[0080] The technical solutions in the above embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0081] The outer layer of fish feed A is wrapped with wheat flour, which has good water absorption. When the feed enters the water, the outer layer of wheat flour will quickly absorb water, increase the weight and density of the feed, thereby accelerating the sinking rate of the feed, so that the fish feed A can sink to the bottom of the pond faster, ensuring that the bottom fish can obtain food in time and meet their feeding needs; by introducing fish feed A and utilizing its fast sinking characteristics, it is ensured that the bottom fish can also obtain sufficient food supply. This balanced feeding method can reduce the competition for food among fish, reduce stress response, and increase the survival rate and growth rate of fish, thereby improving the overall breeding efficiency; by testing the sinking rate of fish feed A in the breeding pond, it can be ensured that it reaches the bottom of the pond within a suitable time, and it can be adjusted according to the situation to meet the feeding needs of bottom fish in different situations, thereby achieving balanced growth and efficient breeding of fish in the entire breeding pond;

[0082] The outer layer is coated with a mixture of wheat flour and fermented liquid of Chinese herbal probiotics, which enhances the stability of the feed. The outer layer can protect the nutrients in the inner core feed from being damaged by the external environment. As a wrapping material, wheat flour can form a protective layer on the surface of the fish feed A. When the feed is put into the water, the wheat flour wrapping layer can slow down the scouring effect of the water flow on the feed, so that the feed maintains a relatively complete form. By adjusting the amount of wheat flour and the wrapping method, the density of the feed can be accurately controlled so that it has a suitable sinking speed in the water. In this way, the feed can reach the target water layer more accurately, reducing the waste caused by floating or sinking too quickly. At the same time, the suitable sinking rate also ensures that the feed can stay in the area where fish are active for a longer time, thereby increasing the opportunity for fish to forage.

[0083] The introduction of fish feed A further optimizes the sinking rate and nutrient distribution of the feed, allowing fish in different water layers to obtain food suitable for their growth needs, promoting the overall balanced growth of fish. This balanced growth method can improve the fish yield and quality in the breeding pond.

[0084] Embodiment 3: The above-mentioned embodiment 2 further optimizes the sinking rate and the distribution of nutrients of the feed through the introduction of fish feed A, thereby promoting the overall balanced growth of fish and improving the breeding efficiency. In order to further promote the overall balanced growth of fish and improve the breeding efficiency, further improvements are made on the basis of embodiment 2.

[0085] The mixed fish feed fermented with Chinese herbal probiotics also includes fish feed B coated with fish oil and soybean lecithin oil, and the proportion of fish feed B in the mixed fish feed is 10%-30%; when feeding fish feed B, the breeding pond is pumped synchronously; the pumping speed range is 0.5-2.0m 3 / h / mu, the pump gas flow range is 50-200L / min / mu;

[0086] The preparation method of the fish feed B is specifically as follows:

[0087] Add spirulina powder, Antarctic krill powder, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, peanut bran, corn protein powder, choline chloride, vitamin premix and mineral premix into a mixing tank, mix, crush and sieve to obtain a uniform mixture;

[0088] Then, the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid is added to the mixed material by spray mixing under stirring conditions to obtain wet material, and the obtained wet material is sent to a granulating dryer for low-temperature drying and granulation to obtain Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation granular feed;

[0089] The fish oil and soybean lecithin oil are mixed evenly, and coated on the surface of the Chinese medicine probiotics fermented granular feed to form an oil film, which is wrapped on the surface of the Chinese medicine probiotics fermented granular feed to obtain fish feed B;

[0090] The sinking rate of fish feed B in the aquaculture pond was tested with a water depth of 2.5 meters. The test results are shown in the following table:

[0091]

[0092] This embodiment is experimented on the basis of the experiment of the second embodiment. The difference between this embodiment and the experiment of the second embodiment is that the mixed fish feed fermented by traditional Chinese medicine probiotics also includes fish feed A wrapped with wheat flour on the outer layer, and the proportion of fish feed A in the mixed fish feed fermented by traditional Chinese medicine probiotics is 15%.

[0093] The technical solutions in the above embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0094] Fish oil and soybean lecithin oil are high-quality fat sources and are essential for fish growth. In this embodiment, the oil is evenly coated on the surface of the feed to form an oil film. When the feed is put into the water and gas is pumped synchronously, the gas is adsorbed on the oil film to form tiny bubbles. These bubbles can slow down the sinking speed of the feed in the water, allowing the feed to stay in the water longer, thereby increasing the opportunity for fish to forage and improving the utilization rate of the feed.

[0095] The presence of the oil film not only protects the nutrients in the feed from the influence of the water environment, but also increases the feed's appeal. Fish have a natural preference for oils and fats. Therefore, feed coated with fish oil and soybean lecithin oil is more likely to attract fish to eat, increasing the fish's feeding enthusiasm and food intake.

[0096] Synchronous pumping not only provides sufficient oxygen for fish, but also promotes the circulation and mixing of water, reduces the accumulation of harmful substances in the water, and improves the water quality. At the same time, the bubbles generated by the pumping can drive the dispersion of feed in the water, avoiding the deterioration of local water quality caused by excessive concentration of feed in a certain area;

[0097] By adjusting the feeding ratio and pump air parameters of fish feed B, as well as by adjusting the particle size and density of fish feed B, the sinking speed and residence time of the feed in the water can be accurately controlled, thereby meeting the feeding needs of fish in different water layers, improving the accuracy of feed distribution and the controllability of mixed feed feeding. This precise feeding method can reduce competition for food among fish, reduce stress reactions, and promote balanced growth of fish, thereby increasing the fish yield and quality of the breeding pond, reducing feed costs and environmental pressure. Through scientific feed ratios, sinking rate adjustment and pump air management, rational utilization of breeding resources and environmental protection are achieved, and breeding efficiency and economic benefits are improved.

[0098] Embodiment 4: The above-mentioned embodiment 3 introduces fish feed B to accurately control the sinking speed and residence time of the feed in the water, thereby meeting the feeding needs of fish in different water layers and improving the breeding efficiency. In order to further promote the overall balanced growth of fish and improve the breeding efficiency, further improvements are made on the basis of embodiment 3.

[0099] The Chinese medicine probiotic fermented mixed fish feed also includes compound fish feed C, and the proportion of compound fish feed C in the mixed fish feed is 10%-25%; when feeding in step (3), the compound fish feed C is sprinkled in 3-6 times;

[0100] The composite fish feed C is composed of four layers, namely, an inner layer, a middle layer, a second outer layer, and an outer layer;

[0101] The inner layer is a layer of fermented puffed feed made of Chinese herbal probiotics; the middle layer is an oil film layer made of a mixture of fish oil and soybean lecithin oil; the second outer layer is a layer of fermented granular feed powder made of Chinese herbal probiotics; and the outer layer is a layer of wheat flour. The dosage ratio of each layer of the composite fish feed C is: 30%-40% for the inner layer, 10%-15% for the middle layer, 20%-30% for the second outer layer, and 20%-25% for the outer layer.

[0102] The sinking rate of fish feed C in the aquaculture pond was tested with a water depth of 2.5 meters. The test results are shown in the following table:

[0103]

[0104] The present embodiment is conducted on the basis of the experiment in the third embodiment. The difference between the experiment in the present embodiment and the experiment in the third embodiment is that the mixed fish feed fermented by Chinese medicinal probiotics also includes compound fish feed C, and the proportion of the compound fish feed C in the mixed fish feed is 10%; when feeding in step (3), the compound fish feed C is sprinkled in 5 times.

[0105] The technical solutions in the above embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0106] The four-layer structure design of compound fish feed C realizes the multi-level release of nutrition. The inner layer of Chinese medicine probiotic fermented puffed feed provides rich protein and probiotics, which promotes the digestion and absorption of fish; the middle layer of oil film layer not only provides essential fatty acids, but also slows down the dissolution rate of feed, so that nutrients are slowly released in the water body, extending the foraging time of fish; the second outer layer of Chinese medicine probiotic fermented granular feed powder layer further supplements nutrition and increases the feed's appetizing properties; the outer layer of wheat flour can quickly absorb water, promote the sinking of feed, and ensure that the feed remains intact before reaching the target water layer;

[0107] By spreading compound fish feed C in multiple times, the feeding amount and feeding frequency can be flexibly adjusted according to the fish's feeding situation and changes in pond water quality. This precise feeding method reduces feed waste, improves feed utilization, and also reduces the risk of pond water quality deterioration caused by overfeeding;

[0108] The multi-layer structure and different sinking rates of compound fish feed C enable the feed to stay and distribute in different water layers of the pond, meeting the feeding needs of fish at different levels; fish in the upper layer can eat floating or slowly sinking feed, while fish at the bottom layer can eat fast sinking feed, thus achieving balanced growth of fish;

[0109] The balanced nutrition and precise feeding of compound fish feed C enable fish to obtain sufficient nutrition and a suitable feeding environment, thereby improving the growth rate and health of fish. Healthy fish are more resistant to diseases and stress, and reducing the incidence of diseases and mortality during the breeding process.

[0110] The gradual spreading of compound fish feed C and the reasonable feed structure design can maintain the ecological balance of the breeding pond. The slow release and uniform distribution of feed in the water reduce the risk of local water quality deterioration, promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, and provide a healthier and more stable growth environment for fish.

[0111] Performance Test:

[0112] In order to verify the feeding effect of the mixed feed of the present invention, artificial fences were used to separate breeding areas of equal size and the same water environment in the artificial breeding test base. 100 silver carp seedlings, 100 crucian carp seedlings, 100 dace seedlings, and 100 black carp seedlings were stocked in each breeding area for intercropping, and the test period was 120 days. Since the artificial breeding test base reduces the impact of the natural environment, the bait mainly comes from artificial feeding. The number of feeding meals of the Chinese medicine probiotic fermented mixed fish feed of the present invention is increased to 3 times a day, and the feeding rate is 3.5%. The feeding and production-promoting effect of the feed is evaluated by the feed coefficient. Feed coefficient (%) = total amount of feed fed for 120 days / net weight gain*100%. The test results are shown in the following table:

[0113] Experimental Project Feed coefficient Comparative Example 1.43 Embodiment 1 1.28 Embodiment 2 1.23 Embodiment 3 1.19 Embodiment 4 1.12

[0114] Example 1 optimizes the feed preparation process and adjusts the feed particle size and density to adjust the sinking rate of the feed in the water, thereby promoting the overall balanced growth of the fish. Example 2 introduces fish feed A wrapped with wheat flour on the outside, further optimizing the sinking rate of the feed and the distribution of nutrients, so that fish in different water layers can obtain a more balanced food supply, thereby improving the utilization rate of the feed and the growth rate of the fish. Example 3 further introduces fish feed B wrapped with fish oil and soybean lecithin oil on the outside, and controls the sinking speed and residence time of the feed by synchronous pumping. This more sophisticated feeding method further improves the utilization rate of the feed and the feeding efficiency of the fish. Example 4 adds compound fish feed C and feeds it by sprinkling it in batches, realizing multi-level release of nutrition and precise feeding, further improving the overall nutritional value of the feed and the growth rate of the fish.

[0115] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield fish polyculture method, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) After the aquaculture pond is dredged and sun-dried, a disinfectant containing Chinese medicinal ingredients is sprayed on it for disinfection, and then after shallow clean water is accumulated, a diluted EM bacteria solution is sprayed on it for bottom mud maintenance; (2) filling the pond after the sediment curing in step (1) with water, and then putting silver carp, crucian carp, dace and black carp fry; (3) Feeding fish with mixed fish feed fermented with Chinese herbal probiotics, once in the morning and once in the evening every day, with a feeding rate of 1.5%-3.5%, and harvesting the fish when they grow up; The Chinese medicinal probiotic fermented mixed fish feed in step (3) is prepared by the following method: 1) adding spirulina powder, Antarctic krill powder, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, peanut bran, corn protein powder, fish oil, soybean lecithin oil, choline chloride, vitamin premix, and mineral premix into a mixing tank, mixing, crushing and sieving, and obtaining a uniform mixture; then adding the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid into the mixture by spray mixing under stirring conditions to obtain a wet material, and sending the obtained wet material into a granulating dryer for low-temperature drying and granulation to obtain a Chinese medicine probiotic fermented granular feed; 2) adding spirulina powder, Antarctic krill powder, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, peanut bran, corn protein powder, choline chloride, vitamin premix, and mineral premix into a mixing tank, mixing, crushing, and sieving to obtain a uniform mixture; sequentially steam conditioning and extrusion puffing the obtained mixture to obtain three kinds of crude puffed feed with different particle sizes; then spraying the Chinese medicine probiotic fermentation liquid on the surface of the crude puffed feed under stirring conditions, and drying at low temperature to obtain three kinds of Chinese medicine probiotic fermented puffed feed with different particle sizes; 3) The Chinese herbal probiotic fermented granular feed obtained in step 1) is crushed, and the crushed granular feed is mixed with fish oil and soybean lecithin oil to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is mixed with the three kinds of Chinese herbal probiotic fermented puffed feeds with different particle sizes obtained in step 2) respectively, and low-temperature drying is performed to obtain Chinese herbal probiotic fermented mixed fish feed.

2. The high-yield fish polyculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2) The weight ratio of each raw material in the mixture is: 10-30 parts of spirulina powder, 10-30 parts of Antarctic krill powder, 10-30 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-20 parts of wheat flour, 5-20 parts of peanut bran, 5-15 parts of corn protein powder, 0.1-0.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.1-0.5 parts of vitamin premix, and 0.1-0.5 parts of mineral premix; Crushing and screening means ultrafine grinding followed by 40-80 mesh sieve; The spraying amount of the Chinese herbal probiotic fermentation liquid is 20%-60% of the mass of the mixture, and low-temperature drying refers to vacuum drying at a temperature of 40-60°C; the three particle sizes of puffed feed are large particle size puffed feed particles of 1.2-2.4mm, medium particle size puffed feed particles of 0.8-1.2mm, and small particle size puffed feed particles of 0.4-0.8mm.

3. The high-yield aquaculture method of fish polyculture according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3) 1-5 parts of fish oil, 1-5 parts of soybean lecithin oil, and the mass ratio of the fermented granular feed of Chinese herbal probiotics to the fermented puffed feed of Chinese herbal probiotics is 1:(1.1-1.4); The particle size ranges of the mixed fish feed fermented with Chinese herbal probiotics are: large particle size feed 1.5-3mm, medium particle size feed 1.0-1.5mm, small particle size feed 0.5-1mm; The particle size ratio range of the mixed fish feed fermented with traditional Chinese medicine probiotics is 30%-40% for large particle size feed, 40%-50% for medium particle size feed, and 20%-30% for small particle size feed.

4. The high-yield fish polyculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed fish feed fermented with Chinese medicinal probiotics also includes fish feed A coated with wheat flour on the outside, and the fish feed A accounts for 10%-30% of the mixed fish feed.

5. The high-yield fish polyculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed fish feed fermented with Chinese medicinal probiotics also includes fish feed B coated with fish oil and soybean lecithin oil on the outer layer, and the proportion of fish feed B in the mixed fish feed is 10%-30%.

6. The high-yield fish polyculture method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When feeding fish feed B, the breeding pond is pumped synchronously; the pumping speed range is 0.5-2.0m 3 / h / mu, the pump gas flow range is 50-200L / min / mu.

7. The high-yield fish polyculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Chinese medicine probiotic fermented mixed fish feed also includes compound fish feed C, and the proportion of the compound fish feed C in the mixed fish feed is 10%-25%.

8. The high-yield fish polyculture method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When compound fish feed C is fed, the compound fish feed C is sprinkled in 3-6 times.

9. The high-yield fish polyculture method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The composite fish feed C is composed of four layers, namely, an inner layer, a middle layer, a second outer layer, and an outer layer; The inner layer is a layer of fermented puffed feed made from Chinese medicinal probiotics; The middle layer is an oil film layer made of a mixture of fish oil and soybean lecithin oil; The second outer layer is a powder layer of fermented granular feed with Chinese medicinal probiotics; The outer layer is a wheat flour layer.

10. The high-yield fish polyculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dosage ratio of each layer of the compound fish feed C is: inner layer 30%-40%, middle layer 10%-15%, second outer layer 20%-30%, outer layer 20%-25%.

Images