A method for preparing animal feed additives by efficient and rapid solid-state fermentation of waste poultry eggs

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for preparing animal feed additives by efficient and rapid solid-state fermentation of waste poultry eggs. A composite microbial inoculant containing Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis is used to efficiently and rapidly dehydrate, solid-state ferment and dry waste eggs at 30-50°C, and then convert them into animal feed. The process does not produce wastewater or odor, the preparation process is simple, and it is easy to industrialize. The method of the present invention can increase the crude protein, crude fat, total calcium and soluble calcium content of animal feed additives; accumulate and convert the content proportion of amino acids in animal feed additives. In addition, the number of effective live bacteria in the animal feed additive is high, which can maintain the probiotic homeostasis of the intestine; and the palatability of the animal feed additive is also improved. The method of the present invention improves the utilization rate of waste poultry eggs and the economic benefits of by-products as well as the ecological, environmental and social benefits, and can be promoted and applied to the high-value utilization of other waste eggs.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention relates to the field of feed processing, and in particular to a method for preparing an animal feed additive by efficiently and quickly solid-state fermentation of waste poultry eggs. Background technology:

[0002] Poultry eggs are rich in high-quality protein, fat, vitamins and minerals, and have the effects of nourishing blood, protecting the liver, strengthening the brain, and protecting eyesight. However, in the production process of the poultry industry, the quality of the eggshell is affected by the breed and quality of the chicken, the age of the chicken, the laying posture of the chicken, the time of laying eggs, the health status, the calcium and phosphorus content of the chicken feed, the environment and temperature of the chicken house, and the increase in the egg breakage rate. In addition, the mechanical damage to the eggs during the collection, transportation, and storage process increases the egg breakage rate. Under normal circumstances, the egg breakage rate is generally between 2-5%, and some chicken farms even have a breakage rate that is too high, reaching about 6% or more. The level of egg breakage directly affects the economic benefits of the chicken farm. Broken eggs are easy to deteriorate and seriously affect the quality of eggs. If these eggs are eaten, they will be harmful to human health. But waste eggs contain abundant protein, fat and calcium, etc. If they are thrown away, it will cause a lot of precious protein, fat and calcium resources Waste, as well as serious environmental pollution. How to deal with broken eggs is a problem that chicken farms must face. At present, the utilization rate and deep processing degree of waste eggs are low, and it is difficult to industrialize. Therefore, it is urgent to develop efficient, low-cost, zero-pollution waste egg resource utilization technology, which will have considerable economic benefits and important ecological, environmental and social benefits after industrialization. Summary of the invention:

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an animal feed additive by efficiently and quickly solid-state fermenting waste poultry eggs, by efficiently and quickly dehydrating, solid-state fermenting and drying the waste poultry eggs, effectively transforming and accumulating the nutrients in the waste poultry eggs, improving the resource utilization rate of the waste poultry eggs, and improving the economic benefits of the by-products of the waste poultry eggs, as well as the ecological, environmental and social benefits.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A method for preparing animal feed additives by efficient and rapid solid-state fermentation of waste poultry eggs is to convert waste poultry eggs into animal feed additives by solid-state fermentation of composite microbial agents. Specifically, the composite microbial agents are solidified to obtain solid composite microbial agents, and then waste poultry eggs are added for fermentation to obtain animal feed additives.

[0006] Preferably, the composite microbial agent contains Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis.

[0007] Preferably, the composite microbial agent comprises Bacillus coagulans DJ1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NX2 and Bacillus subtilis NX3.

[0008] Preferably, the composite microbial agent is obtained by inoculating Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis into a probiotic culture medium for 24-48 hours to obtain a bacterial solution, and then mixing equal volumes of the bacterial solutions; preferably, the concentration of the composite microbial agent is 6*10 7 cfu / mL.

[0009] Preferably, the probiotic culture medium is prepared with the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10% tryptone, 5% yeast extract, 10% NaCl, 1% glucose, and the remainder being water.

[0010] Preferably, the culture conditions are 37°C and 180 rpm.

[0011] Preferably, a granular material containing high molecular carbohydrates such as wheat flour, wheat bran, corn flour or any other solid material that can be used as feed or a mixture thereof is used as a solidifying substrate, which is mixed with the composite microbial agent and reacted for 24 hours to obtain a solid composite microbial agent.

[0012] Preferably, the ratio of the solidified substrate to the composite microbial agent is 1:(0.2-0.5), w / w.

[0013] Preferably, the solidified substrate is obtained by mixing wheat flour and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0014] Preferably, the waste poultry eggs can be added to the treatment system in batches or semi-continuously or continuously. When the waste poultry eggs are added to the treatment system in batches, the treatment time of a single batch of waste poultry eggs is ≤ 24 hours. When the waste poultry eggs are added to the treatment system in batches, the ratio of the waste poultry eggs to the solid composite microbial agent is (0.2-0.5): 1, w / w.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature in the entire treatment system is maintained in the range of 30-50°C.

[0016] Preferably, air may be introduced during the fermentation process, and the air may be provided with oxygen by continuous aeration or intermittent aeration, and the air may be preheated in advance or not.

[0017] Preferably, the waste poultry eggs are waste chicken eggs.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The present invention proposes a method for preparing animal feed additives by efficient and rapid solid-state fermentation of waste poultry eggs. The technology uses a composite microbial agent to quickly dehydrate, solid-state ferment and dry a large amount of waste poultry eggs at 30-50°C, and then convert them into animal feed additives. In addition, the fermented product obtained by this technology can be 100% converted into products, without wastewater and waste gas output, and the preparation process is simple, low cost, and easy to industrialize. This technology can effectively turn waste poultry eggs into treasure, enrich the categories of animal feed products currently on the market, and help solve the problems of low utilization rate of waste poultry eggs and environmental pollution.

[0020] 2. The technology of the present invention can effectively retain the activity of active substances in animal feed additives at medium and low temperatures, and can effectively increase the crude protein, crude fat, total calcium and soluble calcium content of animal feed additives; effectively accumulate and transform the content of amino acids in animal feed additives, which is easy for animals to digest and absorb, and can better enhance the physique and immunity of livestock. In addition, the number of effective live bacteria in animal feed additives is about 5×10 6 cfu / g, which can improve the distribution of intestinal flora of animals and maintain the probiotic homeostasis of the intestine. After treatment with the composite microbial agent, the pH of animal feed additives was changed, and the palatability of the product was improved.

[0021] Bacillus coagulans strain DJ1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain NX2 and Bacillus subtilis strain NX3 are disclosed in NCBI with accession numbers PQ549975, OR945768 and OR945769, respectively. The applicant also possesses these three strains and guarantees that they can be provided to the public within 20 years from the date of application. Description of the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is the preparation route of the animal feed additive of the present invention. Specific implementation method:

[0023] The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for preparing animal feed additives by efficient and rapid solid-state fermentation of waste poultry eggs, the steps of which are as follows:

[0027] (1) Preparation of composite microbial agent: 1% (v / v) bacterial liquid of Bacillus coagulans DJ1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NX2, and Bacillus subtilis NX3 were inoculated into probiotic culture medium (prepared by weight percentage of raw materials: 10% tryptone, 5% yeast extract, 10% NaCl, 1% glucose, and the balance was water), and cultured at 37°C and 180 rpm for 48 h. Then, the bacterial liquids obtained after culturing Bacillus coagulans DJ1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NX2, and Bacillus subtilis NX3 were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a high-density (about 6*10 7 cfu / mL) composite microbial agent (DJ1-NX2-NX3).

[0028] (2) Preparation of animal feed additives: In a solid-state fermentation reactor, 4 kg of wheat flour and 1 kg of wheat bran are mixed as the initial substrate, and 2 L of high-density composite microbial agent is added and mixed. The mixture is reacted at 30-50° C. for 24 hours and then solidified to obtain a solid composite microbial agent. Subsequently, waste eggs at a weight of 20-50% of the weight of the solid composite microbial agent are added every 24 hours for continuous fermentation to obtain an animal feed additive.

[0029] After 10 days of fermentation, the amount of waste eggs used, the output of animal feed additives, the characteristics of animal feed additives (such as shape, odor, humidity and pH), the content of ingredients (such as crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, soluble calcium, total calcium and amino acids), and the number of effective living bacteria were counted.

[0030] Comparative Example 1

[0031] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that a double-bacteria composite microbial agent (DJ1-NX3) prepared from Bacillus coagulans DJ1 and Bacillus subtilis NX3 of the same density is used to replace the three-bacteria composite microbial agent (DJ1-NX2-NX3) of Example 1.

[0032] Comparative Example 2

[0033] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that a single-bacteria agent (NX3) prepared from Bacillus subtilis NX3 of the same density is used to replace the three-bacteria composite microbial agent (DJ1-NX2-NX3) of Example 1.

[0034] Table 1 Comparison of animal feed properties obtained from substrate, Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0035]

[0036] Table 2 Analysis of animal feed ingredients obtained from substrate, Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0037]

[0038] Table 3 Amino acid analysis of animal feed obtained from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] Figure 1 The animal feed additive preparation process of the method of the present invention is presented. As shown in Table 1, Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 use 2L of microbial agents mixed with 5Kg of solidified materials, and consume about 6.50-8.65Kg of waste eggs for fermentation in 10 days, during which 5.50-6.90Kg of water in the fermentation product is removed, and 7.85-8.90Kg of animal feed additives are produced, which shows that the solid-state fermentation technology of microbial agents can efficiently and quickly dehydrate, solid-state ferment and dry waste eggs, and convert them into animal feed additives. Among them, the composite microbial agent of Example 1 consumes the most waste eggs (8.65Kg) in 10 days, removes the water in the fermentation product the fastest (6.90Kg), and the amount of animal feed additive prepared is the largest (8.90Kg), which shows that compared with the single-bacteria microbial agent / double-bacteria composite microbial agent, the three-bacteria composite microbial agent prepared by the method of the present invention can more efficiently and quickly dehydrate, solid-state ferment and dry waste eggs, and produce more animal feed additives.

[0042] As shown in Table 1, the animal feed additives obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 have no eggy smell, and the pH is reduced to pH 6.5, which improves the palatability of the product. In addition, the test results of the number of effective living bacteria show that the animal feed additives obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 contain the number of effective living bacteria (≥4×10 6 cfu / g), which can effectively improve the intestinal flora distribution of animals and maintain the probiotic homeostasis of the intestine.

[0043] As shown in Table 2, the crude protein, crude fat, total calcium and soluble calcium contents in the animal feed additives obtained by fermentation of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are significantly higher than those of the solidified substrate. This is because the microbial agent quickly dehydrates and dries the waste eggs at 30-50°C, and effectively converts and accumulates the active substances, crude protein, crude fat and total calcium in the waste eggs into the product animal feed additive to provide active substances, crude protein, crude fat and total calcium. The coagulant Bacillus DJ1 in this experiment can decompose sugars to produce lactic acid, and can also secrete amylase and protease; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NX2 can produce amylase and protease; Bacillus subtilis NX3 can produce amylase, cellulase and protease. The animal feed additive obtained in Example 1 (DJ1-NX2-NX3) has the highest contents of crude protein (20.14%), crude fat (80g / kg) and total calcium (32.68g / kg), and the soluble calcium content (0.066g / kg) is lower than that of Comparative Example 1. This may be because the three-bacteria composite agent at the same density produces a large amount of mixed amylase and protease to decompose the starch and cellulose in the solidified material into glucose for the growth and metabolism of the strain, thereby increasing the metabolic rate of the three bacteria, dehydrating the waste eggs faster, and converting and solidifying the protein, fat and total calcium. The three-bacteria composite agent contains a small amount of Bacillus coagulans DJ1, which decomposes the starch and cellulose in the solidified material to produce lactic acid, and converts the insoluble calcium in the waste eggs into soluble calcium, so that the soluble calcium content in the fermentation product is higher than that of the single-bacteria agent, but lower than that of the double-bacteria agent. The animal feed additive obtained in Comparative Example 1 (DJ1-NX3) has the lowest crude protein (18.02%) and crude fat (74g / kg), but the highest soluble calcium content (0.195g / kg). This may be because a large amount of Bacillus coagulans DJ1 in the double-bacteria inoculant at the same density decomposes the starch and cellulose in the solidified material to produce lactic acid, quickly converts the insoluble calcium in the waste eggs into soluble calcium, and makes the soluble calcium content in the fermentation product the highest. The mixed protease produced in the double-bacteria inoculant at the same density may be lower than the mixed protease produced by the single-bacteria inoculant and the three-bacteria inoculant, making its decomposition and conversion ability for waste eggs lower than that of the other two inoculants. The crude protein (18.72%) and crude fat (79g / kg) contents in the animal feed additive obtained in Comparative Example 2 (NX3) are lower than those in Example 1, but higher than those in Comparative Example 1, and the total calcium content (26.04g / kg) is the lowest. This may be because the amylase and protease produced in the single-bacteria inoculant at the same density may be lower than those produced by the three-bacteria inoculant, and the decomposition and conversion ability for waste eggs is lower than that of the three-bacteria inoculant. This shows that compared with single microbial agents / double microbial agents, three-bacteria composite microbial agents can more effectively transform and accumulate active substances, crude protein, crude fat and total calcium in waste eggs to provide active substances, crude protein, crude fat and total calcium for the product animal feed additive.

[0044] As shown in Table 3, the animal feed additive prepared by the three-bacteria composite microbial agent of Example 1 has the highest amino acid content and the most significant change in the content ratio of each amino acid, especially aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, valine and two trace amino acids, namely histidine and isoleucine. This shows that compared with the single microbial agent / double microbial agent, the three-bacteria composite microbial agent can more effectively transform the protein in waste eggs and solidified materials, and change the content and ratio of each amino acid in the animal feed additive. Make the product easier for animals to digest and absorb, and enhance the physical fitness and immunity of animals.

Claims

1. A method for preparing animal feed additives by efficient and rapid solid-state fermentation of waste poultry eggs, characterized in that: The composite microbial agent is solidified to obtain a solid composite microbial agent, and then waste poultry eggs are added for fermentation to obtain an animal feed additive. The composite microbial agent includes Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The composite microbial agent comprises Bacillus coagulans DJ1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NX2 and Bacillus subtilis NX3.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The composite microbial agent is obtained by inoculating Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis into a probiotic culture medium for 24-48 hours to obtain a bacterial solution, and then mixing the bacterial solutions in equal volumes; preferably, the concentration of the composite microbial agent is 6*10 7 cfu / mL.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The probiotic culture medium is prepared according to the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10% tryptone, 5% yeast extract, 10% NaCl, 1% glucose, and the balance is water; the culture conditions are 37° C. and 180 rpm.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A solid material containing wheat flour, wheat bran or corn flour or a mixture thereof is used as a solidifying substrate, which is mixed with a composite microbial agent and reacted for 24 hours to obtain a solid composite microbial agent.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The ratio of the solidified substrate to the composite microbial agent is 1:(0.2-0.5), w / w.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The waste poultry eggs are added in the form of batch addition, semi-continuous addition or continuous addition.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that When waste poultry eggs are added to the treatment system in batches, the treatment time of a single batch of waste poultry eggs is ≤24 hours, and the ratio of waste poultry eggs to solid composite microbial inoculant is (0.2-0.5):1, w / w.

9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The temperature in the entire treatment system was maintained at 30-50°C.

10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: During the fermentation process, preheated or non-preheated air is introduced in a continuous or intermittent aeration manner.

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