Expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis of Bufo bufo gargarizans and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Chinese giant toads. The present invention also provides a method for preparing an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Chinese giant toads. The present invention further provides the use of the above feed as a feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Chinese giant toads. The expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Chinese giant toads provided by the present invention and the preparation method thereof can effectively improve the feeding rate and growth rate of Chinese giant toads, reduce the occurrence of enteritis, improve the survival rate, and reduce the risks and costs in the breeding process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural breeding, specifically to the technical field of feed and its technical processing, and relates to an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis of Bufo bufo gargarizans and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Toad venom is a traditional and precious animal medicinal material in my country. It was first recorded in the name of "Shrimp Toad" in my country's first pharmaceutical monograph "Shennong's Herbal Classic". The 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" records that toad venom has the functions of detoxification, analgesia, and refreshing. Modern research shows that toad venom has multiple pharmacological activities such as cardiotonic, anti-tumor, analgesia, and local anesthesia. The Chinese giant toad Bufo bufo gargarizans is one of the original animals of toad venom. Due to the deterioration of the amphibian habitat environment and unreasonable use, the natural population of wild Chinese giant toads has dropped significantly. In order to protect this endangered precious traditional Chinese medicine, domestic scholars have carried out research on the artificial breeding of Chinese giant toads and have made good progress, preliminarily realizing the artificial intensive breeding of Chinese giant toads.

[0003] With the gradual development of intensive breeding of Chinese giant toads, the surrounding demands for Chinese giant toad breeding are becoming more and more specialized and refined, especially in terms of Chinese giant toad feed. At present, there is no special Chinese giant toad feed in China. In the practice of Chinese giant toad breeding, most farmers directly use frog feed for feeding. However, frog feed does not have the specificity of Chinese giant toad feed, lacks attractant factors, has poor palatability, and has defects such as low feeding rate of Chinese giant toads. Non-special feed for Chinese giant toads will cause indigestion, fatty liver, foodborne enteritis and other diseases in the process of raising Chinese giant toads. Affected by the above factors, the development of intensive scale breeding of Chinese giant toads has been greatly restricted. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-quality Chinese giant toad extruded feed with reasonable ratio, feasible processing technology and balanced nutrition to meet the breeding needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Chinese giant toads and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively improve the feeding rate and growth rate of Chinese giant toads, reduce the occurrence of enteritis, and improve the survival rate.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object and other related objects, the present invention provides, in a first aspect, an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Bufo bufo gargarizans, comprising the following components by weight percentage:

[0006] Defatted fish meal 5-9%;

[0007] Defatted mealworm powder 15-19%;

[0008] Soybean meal 1-5%;

[0009] Pig blood powder 27-31%;

[0010] Yeast attractant 0.5-4%;

[0011] Flour 18-22%;

[0012] α-starch 4.5-6.0%;

[0013] Soybean oil 0.5-1.2%;

[0014] Fish oil 0.9-1.6%;

[0015] Lecithin 0.9-1.7%;

[0016] Bile acid 0.7-1.1%;

[0017] Complex minerals 0.9-2.5%;

[0018] Multivitamins 0.7-1.1%;

[0019] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.9-2.5%;

[0020] Sodium benzoate 0.04-0.12%;

[0021] Taurine 0.09~0.25%.

[0022] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Bufo bufo gargarizans, comprising the following steps:

[0023] 1) According to the above-mentioned expanded feed ratio, each component except soybean oil, fish oil and lecithin is mixed for the first time, then crushed and sieved to obtain powder;

[0024] 2) dividing the powder into a first powder part and a second powder part, taking out the first powder part and mixing it with soybean oil, fish oil and lecithin for a second time, and mixing the obtained first mixture with the second powder part for a third time to obtain a second mixture;

[0025] 3) The second mixed material is expanded and then dried to provide the required expanded feed.

[0026] The third aspect of the present invention provides an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Bufo bufo gargarizans, which is prepared by the above method.

[0027] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides use of the extruded feed provided by the first aspect of the present invention or the extruded feed provided by the third aspect of the present invention as feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Bufo bufo gargarizans.

[0028] As described above, the present invention provides an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Bufo bufo gargarizans and a preparation method thereof, which has the following characteristics:

[0029] Beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The present invention provides an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Chinese giant toads and a preparation method thereof. The prepared feed has more balanced and reasonable nutrition, solving the problem of nutritional imbalance in Chinese giant toad feed. Specifically, a variety of high-quality protein sources are selected to enrich the Chinese giant toad's needs for various essential amino acids and other nutrients; the combination of various oils and fats not only provides essential fatty acids but also improves the Chinese giant toad's ability to absorb and transport fat, cholesterol and protein; the addition of multiple minerals and multiple dimensions provides the Chinese giant toad with various trace elements and multiple vitamins, enhancing the physical fitness of the Chinese giant toad; the addition of attractant yeast powder, bile acid and taurine enhances the antioxidant capacity of the feed and the Chinese giant toad's ability to ingest feed.

[0031] (2) The present invention provides an extruded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Chinese giant toads and a preparation method thereof. The prepared feed can not only meet the protein needs of Chinese giant toads, but also improve the utilization efficiency of compound feed protein, improve feed digestibility and conversion rate, enhance palatability, increase the taste and stability of feed, and can effectively improve the feeding rate, growth rate, and physical fitness of Chinese giant toads.

[0032] (3) The present invention provides an extruded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Chinese giant toads and a preparation method thereof. The feed adopts advanced processing technology and physically and chemically modifies the raw materials under conditions of high temperature, high humidity, high shear force, etc., so that the components of each feed grain are uniform. The feed is subjected to ultrafine grinding, high temperature maturation, and extrusion processes to make it easier to digest and absorb, thereby reducing the risk of inflammation and lesions of the digestive organs such as the liver, gallbladder, and intestines of Chinese giant toads due to indigestion of feed, reducing the incidence of enteritis in Chinese giant toads, and reducing the occurrence of digestive system diseases in Chinese giant toads.

[0033] (5) The present invention provides an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Chinese giant toads and a preparation method thereof, which greatly improves the maturity and stability of the feed. The expanded feed is a mature feed, which is easier to be digested and absorbed by Chinese giant toads, promotes the good growth of Chinese giant toads, and reduces the risks and costs in the breeding process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1a , 1b This is a diagram of the intestinal tract of the Chinese giant toad, where: Figure 1a This is a normal intestinal diagram of the Chinese giant toad; Figure 1b This is a diagram of the intestines of a Chinese giant toad suffering from enteritis.

[0035] Figure 2a , 2b 2c shows the intestinal section of the Chinese giant toad, where Figure 2a This is a normal intestinal section of Bufo bufo gargarizans (100X); Figure 2b This is a picture of the intestinal section of a diseased Chinese giant toad in an inflammatory state (100X); Figure 2c This is a picture of the intestinal section (400X) of a diseased Chinese giant toad in an inflammatory state, in which the black arrows indicate the necrosis and shedding of intestinal villus cells, and the black squares indicate the necrosis and shedding of intestinal mucosa. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The first aspect of the present invention provides an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Bufo bufo gargarizans, which comprises the following components by weight percentage:

[0037] Defatted fish meal 5-9%; specifically 5-6%, 6-8%, 8-9%;

[0038] Defatted mealworm powder 15-19%; specifically 15-16%, 16-18%, 18-19%;

[0039] Soybean meal 1-5%; specifically 1-2%, 2-4%, 4-5%;

[0040] Pig blood powder 27-31%; specifically 27-28%, 28-30%, 30-31%;

[0041] Yeast attractant 0.5-4%; specifically 0.5-1%, 1-3%, 3-4%;

[0042] Flour 18-22%; specifically 18-19%, 19-21%, 21-22%;

[0043] α-starch 4.5-6.0%; specifically 4.5-4.8%, 4.8-5.7%, 5.7-6.0%;

[0044] Soybean oil 0.5-1.2%; specifically 0.5-0.6%, 0.6-1%, 1-1.2%;

[0045] Fish oil 0.9-1.7%; specifically 0.9-1%, 1-1.5%, 1.5-1.7%;

[0046] Lecithin 0.9-1.7%; specifically 0.9-1%, 1-1.5%, 1.5-1.7%;

[0047] Bile acid 0.7-1.1%; specifically 0.7-0.8%, 0.8-1%, 1-1.1%;

[0048] Composite minerals 0.9-2.5%; specifically 0.9-1%, 1-2%, 2-2.5%;

[0049] Multivitamins 0.7-1.1%; specifically 0.7-0.8%, 0.8-1%, 1-1.1%;

[0050] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.9-2.5%; specifically 0.9-1%, 1-2%, 2-2.5%;

[0051] Sodium benzoate 0.04-0.12%; specifically 0.04-0.05%, 0.05-0.1%, 0.1-0.12%;

[0052] Taurine 0.09-0.25%; specifically 0.09-0.1%, 0.1-0.2%, 0.2-0.25%.

[0053] In the above feed, the extruded feed for preventing and treating enteritis of Bufo bufo gargarizans comprises the following components by weight percentage:

[0054] Defatted fish meal 7-9%; specifically 7-8%, 8-9%;

[0055] Defatted mealworm powder 17-19%; specifically 17-18%, 18-19%;

[0056] Soybean meal 3-5%; specifically 3-4%, 4-5%;

[0057] Pig blood powder 29-31%; specifically 29-30%, 30-31%;

[0058] 2-4% of attractant yeast; specifically, 2-3%, 3-4%;

[0059] Flour 20-22%; specifically 20-21%, 21-22%;

[0060] α-starch 5.2-5.9%; specifically 5.2-5.7%, 5.7-5.9%;

[0061] Soybean oil 0.8-1.2%; specifically 0.8-1.0%, 1.0-1.2%;

[0062] Fish oil 1.2-1.7%; specifically 1.2-1.5%, 1.5-1.7%;

[0063] Lecithin 1.2-1.7%; specifically 1.2-1.5%, 1.5-1.7%;

[0064] Bile acid 0.9-1.1%; specifically 0.9-1.0%, 1.0-1.1%;

[0065] Composite minerals 1.5-2.5%; specifically 1.5-2.0%, 2.0-2.5%;

[0066] Multivitamins 0.9-1.1%; specifically 0.9-1.0%, 1.0-1.1%;

[0067] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5-2.5%; specifically 1.5-2.0%, 2.0-2.5%;

[0068] Sodium benzoate 0.07-0.12%; specifically 0.07-0.10%, 0.10-0.12%;

[0069] Taurine 0.15-0.25%; specifically 0.15-0.20%, 0.20-0.25%.

[0070] In one embodiment, the extruded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Bufo bufo gargarizans comprises the following components by weight percentage:

[0071] Defatted fish meal 8%;

[0072] Defatted mealworm powder 18%;

[0073] Soybean meal 4%;

[0074] Pig blood powder 30%;

[0075] Yeast inducer 3%;

[0076] Flour 21%;

[0077] α-starch 5.7%;

[0078] Soybean oil 1%;

[0079] Fish oil 1.5%;

[0080] Lecithin 1.5%;

[0081] Bile acid 1%;

[0082] Complex minerals 2%;

[0083] Multivitamins 1%;

[0084] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%;

[0085] Sodium benzoate 0.1%;

[0086] Taurine 0.2%.

[0087] In the above feed, the defatted fish meal is the conventional defatted fish meal, that is, a high-nutrition feed raw material rich in protein and amino acids obtained by extracting fat from the fish body and then drying and crushing the remaining part, specifically, the defatted fish meal purchased from Weihai Runda Aquatic Products Co., Ltd.

[0088] In the above feed, the defatted mealworm powder is the conventional defatted mealworm powder, that is, a protein-rich and high-nutrition feed raw material made from mealworms through drying and crushing, specifically the defatted mealworm powder purchased from Xi'an Youlanda Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0089] In the above feed, the soybean meal is the conventional soybean meal, i.e. the byproduct obtained after soybean oil is extracted from soybeans, and is required to be free from mold, caking, insect infestation and peculiar smell.

[0090] In the above feed, the pig blood powder is the conventional pig blood powder, i.e., the protein powder extracted from pig blood, which meets the requirements of the standard SB / T10212-199 "Blood powder for feed", and has no agglomeration, mold, or corruption.

[0091] In the above feed, the attractant yeast is a conventionally used attractant yeast, specifically the attractant yeast purchased from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., production license number: E-SaiTian (2021) T04003. After the attractant yeast is added, it can promote food intake and digestion and absorption of nutrients and improve growth performance.

[0092] In the above feed, the flour is conventionally used flour, which meets the requirements of the standard GB / T10386-2006 "Flour for Feed".

[0093] In the above feed, the α-starch is the conventional α-starch, i.e., pre-gelatinized starch. Specifically, when all the micelles in the raw starch crystal region collapse, the starch molecules form single molecules and are surrounded by water to become a viscous paste solution. The starch in this state is α-starch, which is specifically purchased from Henan Hengrui Starch Technology Co., Ltd., with a production license number of SC20141119100238. After the α-starch is added, it helps the feed to be shaped, is not easy to be crushed and disintegrated, improves the feeding efficiency of the Chinese giant toad and reduces waste.

[0094] In the above feed, the soybean oil is the commonly used soybean oil, which meets the requirements of the standard GB1535-2017 "Soybean Oil".

[0095] In the above feed, the fish oil is a conventional fish oil, which is required to be free of mold, deterioration, agglomeration, and peculiar smell. After the fish oil is added, it can provide essential fatty acids for the growth of Chinese giant toads and promote the growth of Chinese giant toads.

[0096] In the above feed, the lecithin is a conventional lecithin, specifically the lecithin purchased from Shanghai Mingda Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which meets the requirements of GB2760 "Standard for Use of Food Additives". After the lecithin is added, it can inhibit the fat peroxidation process in the Chinese giant toad, reduce the toxic substances produced by the peroxidation reaction, and improve the absorption and transportation capacity of the Chinese giant toad for fat, cholesterol and protein.

[0097] In the above feed, the bile acid is the conventional bile acid, that is, the main component of bile. It is a cholesterol-like substance produced during cholesterol metabolism in animals. It has many biological properties such as emulsifying fat, improving fat absorption and utilization, protecting the liver and promoting bile secretion, and inhibiting bacteria. Specifically, the bile acid purchased from Nanhua Qianmu Company, production license number: Yushitian (2021) H01315. After the addition of the bile acid, it can promote the transformation and decomposition of liver fat groups and prevent fatty liver from affecting the growth and development of Chinese giant toads.

[0098] In the above feed, the vitamin complex includes the following components by weight percentage: vitamin A 24-26%, preferably 25%; vitamin B1 6-8%, preferably 7%; riboflavin 8-10%, preferably 9%; pantothenic acid 5-7%, preferably 6%; vitamin B6 9-11%, preferably 10%; vitamin B 12 4-6%, preferably 5%; inositol 9-11%, preferably 10%; vitamin E5 1-3%, preferably 2%; vitamin D12-14%, preferably 13%; vitamin K3 12-14%, preferably 13%.

[0099] In the above feed, the composite minerals include the following components by weight percentage: calcium 22.3-24.3%, preferably 23.3%; phosphorus 15.9-17.9%, preferably 16.9%; sodium 16.9-18.9%, preferably 17.9%; copper 1.9-3.9%, preferably 2.9%; iron 6.9-8.9%, preferably 7.9%; potassium 9.4-11.4%, preferably 10.4%; manganese 0.5-0.9%, preferably 0.7%; cobalt 2.9-4.9%, preferably 3.9%; iodine 11.4-13.4%, preferably 12.4%; magnesium 2.7-4.7%, preferably 3.7%.

[0100] In the above-mentioned feed, the dicalcium phosphate is the commonly used veterinary dicalcium phosphate, specifically the dicalcium phosphate purchased from Binzhou Ruitianchi Bioengineering Co., Ltd., production license number: Lu Shitian (2019) T13058.

[0101] In the above feed, the sodium benzoate is conventionally used sodium benzoate, specifically sodium benzoate purchased from Wuhan Youji Industrial Co., Ltd., food production license number: SC20142011900011. After the sodium benzoate is added, it can slow down the mildew of the raw materials and facilitate storage.

[0102] In the above feed, the taurine is conventionally used taurine, specifically taurine purchased from Nanhua Qianmu Company, production license number: Yu Feed Addition (2021) H01315. After the addition of taurine, the antioxidant capacity of the feed and the resistance of the Chinese giant toad can be improved.

[0103] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Bufo bufo gargarizans, comprising the following steps:

[0104] 1) According to the above-mentioned expanded feed ratio, each component except soybean oil, fish oil and lecithin is mixed for the first time, then crushed and sieved to obtain powder;

[0105] 2) dividing the powder into a first powder part and a second powder part, taking out the first powder part and mixing it with soybean oil, fish oil and lecithin for a second time, and mixing the obtained first mixture with the second powder part for a third time to obtain a second mixture;

[0106] 3) The second mixed material is expanded and then dried to provide the required expanded feed.

[0107] In the above step 1), the first mixing time is 15-25 minutes, specifically 15-20 minutes, 20-25 minutes, preferably 20 minutes. The first mixing allows the components to be fully mixed.

[0108] In the above step 1), the pulverization is performed by an ultrafine pulverizer. The ultrafine pulverizer is a conventional ultrafine pulverizer. The raw materials after the first mixing are transferred to the ultrafine pulverizer and repeatedly struck by the hammer and screen of the pulverizer, and the pulverized materials are evenly pulverized, and it can be achieved that not less than 99.5% of the pulverized powder can pass through an 80-mesh sieve and be discharged from the sieve hole. The fully pulverized powder is easier to be absorbed and digested.

[0109] In the above step 1), the aperture of the sieve mesh is not greater than 80 mesh, specifically 80-100 mesh, preferably 80 mesh.

[0110] In the above step 2), the weight ratio of the first part of powder to the second part of powder is 1:8-10, specifically 1:8-9, 1:9-10, preferably 1:9.

[0111] In the above step 2), the second mixing time is 10-20 minutes, specifically 10-15 minutes, 15-20 minutes, preferably 15 minutes.

[0112] In the above step 2), the third mixing time is 15-35 minutes, such as 15-20 minutes, 20-30 minutes, 30-35 minutes, preferably 20-30 minutes.

[0113] In the above step 1) or 2), the first mixing, the second mixing and the third mixing are all carried out in a mixer. The mixer is a conventional mixer. By mixing in the mixer before and after pulverization, the feed ingredients are fully mixed.

[0114] In the above step 3), the puffing is carried out in a puffing machine. The puffing machine is a conventional puffing machine. The second mixed material is puffed by the puffing machine.

[0115] In the above step 3), the puffing processing temperature is 80-112°C, preferably 80.8-111.0°C.

[0116] In the above step 3), water is added during the puffing, and the weight ratio of the water to the second mixed material is 1:3-5, specifically 1:3-4, 1:4-5, preferably 1:4. The water addition is controlled by the screw pump and electromagnetic flowmeter of the conditioner in the puffing machine so that the second mixed material is evenly humidified during the puffing process.

[0117] In the above step 3), the puffing time is 10-30 seconds, specifically 10-15 seconds, 15-25 seconds, 25-30 seconds, preferably 15-25 seconds.

[0118] In the above step 3), the drying is carried out in a drying machine, which is a conventional drying machine.

[0119] In the above step 3), the drying temperature is 120-145°C, specifically 120-125°C, 125-140°C, 140-145°C, preferably 125-140°C.

[0120] In the above step 3), the drying time is 20-40 minutes, specifically 20-25 minutes, 25-35 minutes, 35-40 minutes, preferably 20-30 minutes.

[0121] In the above step 3), the puffed feed further contains water, and the water content is 3-4% of the total weight of the dry material of the puffed feed, preferably 3.23%.

[0122] In the above step 3), the puffed feed is cut into pieces after drying. The puffed feed is cut into pieces according to the specifications of the puffed feed required by the Chinese giant toad.

[0123] In one embodiment, the diameter of the puffed feed particles after cutting is 2-2.5 mm, preferably 2.2 mm; the thickness of the puffed feed particles is 1.45-155 mm, preferably 1.51 mm; the hardness of the puffed feed particles is 22.0-22.5 N, preferably 22.2 N. The puffed feed particles are uniform and of suitable size, and are suitable for the breeding of Chinese giant toads.

[0124] The third aspect of the present invention provides an expanded feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Bufo bufo gargarizans, which is prepared by the above method.

[0125] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides use of the extruded feed provided by the first aspect of the present invention or the extruded feed provided by the third aspect of the present invention as feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Bufo bufo gargarizans.

[0126] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0127] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0128] Example 1

[0129] According to the total weight of 100g feed, take 8g defatted fish meal, 18g defatted mealworm powder, 4g soybean meal, 30g pig blood meal, 3g attractant yeast, 21g flour, 5.7g α starch, 1g soybean oil, 1.5g fish oil, 1.5g lecithin, 1g bile acid, 2g complex minerals, 1g complex vitamins, 2g monocalcium phosphate, 0.1g sodium benzoate, 0.2g taurine. Among them, the complex minerals include the following components by weight percentage: calcium 23.3%; phosphorus 16.9%; sodium 17.9%; copper 2.9%; iron 7.9%; potassium 10.4%; manganese 0.7%; cobalt 3.9%; iodine 12.4%; magnesium 3.7%. The complex vitamins include the following components by weight percentage: vitamin A 25%; vitamin B1 7%; riboflavin 9%; pantothenic acid 6%; vitamin B6 10%; vitamin B 12 5%; Inositol 10%; Vitamin E 52%; Vitamin D 13%; Vitamin K3 13%.

[0130] Put all the components except soybean oil, fish oil and lecithin into a mixer for the first mixing for 20 minutes. Mix them evenly, put them into an ultrafine grinder for grinding, and pass through a 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder.

[0131] The powder is divided into a first powder part and a second powder part, and the weight ratio of the first powder part to the second powder part is 1:9. The first powder part is taken out and mixed with soybean oil, fish oil, and lecithin for a second time for 15 minutes, and mixed evenly to obtain a first mixed material. The first mixed material and the second powder part are then put into a mixer and mixed for a third time for 25 minutes, and mixed evenly to obtain a second mixed material.

[0132] The second mixed material was expanded in an expander at a processing temperature of 90°C for 20 seconds, and water was added during the expansion, with the weight ratio of water to the second mixed material being 1:4. The expanded material was dried in a dryer at 135°C for 25 minutes, and then cut to obtain the required feed sample 1#.

[0133] Feed sample 1# also contains water, and the water content is 3.23% of the total weight of dry material of feed sample 1#. The particle diameter of feed sample 1# is 2.2mm; the particle thickness of feed sample 1# is 1.51mm; and the particle hardness of feed sample 1# is 22.2N.

[0134] Example 2

[0135] Based on the total weight of 100g of feed, take 7g of defatted fish meal, 19g of defatted mealworm powder, 3g of soybean meal, 31g of pig blood meal, 2g of attractant yeast, 22g of flour, 5.5g of α-starch, 1.2g of soybean oil, 1.3g of fish oil, 1.7g of lecithin, 0.9g of bile acid, 2.3g of complex minerals, 0.9g of complex vitamins, 1.9g of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08g of sodium benzoate, and 0.22g of taurine. Among them, the complex minerals include the following components by weight percentage: calcium 23.1%; phosphorus 17.1%; sodium 17.7%; copper 3.1%; iron 7.6%; potassium 10.7%; manganese 0.5%; cobalt 4.1%; iodine 12.2%; magnesium 3.9%. The multivitamin includes the following components by weight percentage: Vitamin A 24%; Vitamin B1 8%; Riboflavin 8%; Pantothenic acid 7%; Vitamin B6 9%; Vitamin B 12 6%; Inositol 9%; Vitamin E5 3%; Vitamin D12%; Vitamin K3 14%.

[0136] Put all the components except soybean oil, fish oil and lecithin into a mixer for the first mixing for 18 minutes. Mix them evenly, put them into an ultrafine grinder for grinding, and pass through a 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder.

[0137] The powder is divided into a first powder part and a second powder part, and the weight ratio of the first powder part to the second powder part is 1:8. The first powder part is taken out and mixed with soybean oil, fish oil, and lecithin for a second time for 18 minutes, and mixed evenly to obtain a first mixed material. The first mixed material and the second powder part are then put into a mixer and mixed for a third time for 22 minutes, and mixed evenly to obtain a second mixed material.

[0138] The second mixed material was expanded in an expander at a processing temperature of 100°C for 18 seconds, and water was added during the expansion, with the weight ratio of water to the second mixed material being 1:3. The expanded material was dried in a dryer at 140°C for 22 minutes, and then cut to obtain the required feed sample 2#.

[0139] Feed sample 2# also contains water, and the water content is 3.4% of the total dry weight of feed sample 2#. The particle diameter of feed sample 2# is 2.3mm; the particle thickness of feed sample 1# is 1.48mm; and the particle hardness of feed sample 2# is 22.1N.

[0140] Example 3

[0141] Based on the total weight of 100g of feed, take 9g of defatted fish meal, 17g of defatted mealworm powder, 5g of soybean meal, 29g of pig blood powder, 4g of attractant yeast, 20g of flour, 5.6g of α-starch, 1.1g of soybean oil, 1.7g of fish oil, 1.3g of lecithin, 1.1g of bile acid, 1.7g of complex minerals, 1.1g of complex vitamins, 2.1g of monocalcium phosphate, 0.11g of sodium benzoate, and 0.19g of taurine. Among them, the complex minerals include the following components by weight percentage: calcium 23.5%; phosphorus 16.7%; sodium 18.1%; copper 2.7%; iron 8.2%; potassium 10.1%; manganese 0.9%; cobalt 3.7%; iodine 12.6%; magnesium 3.5%. The multivitamin includes the following components by weight percentage: Vitamin A 26%; Vitamin B1 6%; Riboflavin 10%; Pantothenic acid 5%; Vitamin B6 11%; Vitamin B 12 4%; Inositol 11%; Vitamin E5 1%; Vitamin D14%; Vitamin K3 12%.

[0142] All components except soybean oil, fish oil and lecithin were put into a mixer for the first mixing for 22 minutes. The mixture was evenly mixed, put into an ultrafine grinder for grinding, and passed through a 80-mesh sieve to obtain a powder.

[0143] The powder is divided into a first powder part and a second powder part, and the weight ratio of the first powder part to the second powder part is 1:10. The first powder part is taken out and mixed with soybean oil, fish oil, and lecithin for a second time for 13 minutes, and mixed evenly to obtain a first mixed material. The first mixed material and the second powder part are then put into a mixer and mixed for a third time for 26 minutes, and mixed evenly to obtain a second mixed material.

[0144] The second mixed material was expanded in an expander at a processing temperature of 85°C for 24 seconds, and water was added during the expansion, with the weight ratio of water to the second mixed material being 1:5. The expanded material was dried in a dryer at 130°C for 28 minutes, and then cut to obtain the required feed sample 3#.

[0145] Feed sample 3# also contains water, and the water content is 3.1% of the total weight of dry material of feed sample 3#. The particle diameter of feed sample 3# is 2.1mm; the particle thickness of feed sample 3# is 1.53mm; and the particle hardness of feed sample 3# is 22.4N.

[0146] Comparative test example 1

[0147] The experimental site was evenly divided into two experimental areas, A and B, with a length of 30 m 2 / area, A and B areas are both suitable for the growth of Chinese giant toads, and the breeding conditions and methods are the same. Place 2 sets of vibration feeders in each area, and turn on the vibration feeders for 2 hours at 5-7 pm every day. The feed is weighed before feeding. After feeding, all the remaining feed is recovered and weighed to calculate the feed intake of the day. The experimental Chinese giant toads are divided into two groups, A and B, with 100 in each group. After measuring the average body weight, each is placed in the corresponding experimental area. Group A is fed with feed sample 1# in Example 1, and Group B is fed with commercially available frog puffed feed. The daily feeding rate is calculated during the feeding process, and the average feeding rate, weight gain rate, mortality rate and enteritis incidence rate are calculated at the end of the experiment. Specific experimental results are shown in Tables 1-4 below.

[0148] Table 1 Average feeding rate comparison table

[0149] Total feed amount / kg Total amount of recovered feed / kg Food intake rate / % Group A 5.00 1.66 66.80 Group B 5.00 2.19 56.20

[0150] Table 2 Weight gain rate comparison table

[0151] Initial average body weight / g End average weight / g Weight gain rate / % Group A 12.68 37.95 199.29 Group B 12.68 29.31 131.15

[0152] Table 3 Mortality comparison table

[0153] Initial quantity / piece End quantity / piece mortality rate% Group A 100 79 21 Group B 100 63 37

[0154] Table 4 Comparison of enteritis incidence

[0155] Number of dissections / pieces Enteritis number / Enteritis incidence / % Group A 40 7 17.50 Group B 40 13 32.50

[0156] It can be seen from the experimental results in Tables 1-4 that the experimental group A and the control group B have extremely significant differences in feed intake rate, weight gain rate, mortality rate and enteritis rate. Group A was fed with the puffed feed of the present invention, showing excellent performance indicators. Compared with feed B, the feed of this example has better appetizing properties and can help Chinese giant toads to eat better; the weight gain rate of 199.29%, compared with the weight gain rate of 131.15%, shows that the feed of this example is more suitable for the growth of Chinese giant toads; the comparison of mortality rates proves that Chinese giant toads have better physique and stronger resistance to stress after eating the feed of this example; the incidence of enteritis shows that the feed of this example is more in line with the digestion and absorption system of Chinese giant toads, greatly reducing the occurrence of enteritis. It can be seen that the feed prepared by the present invention has better feeding properties, better nutritional ratio, is more suitable for the growth and development of Chinese giant toads, and has broad application prospects.

[0157] Comparative test example 2

[0158] The Chinese giant toads fed with feed sample 1# in Example 1 and the commercially available extruded formula feed for frogs in comparative test example 1 were dissected and intestinal sections were photographed. The specific test results are shown in Figure 1a , 1b , Figure 2a , 2b , 2c.

[0159] Depend on Figure 1a , 1b It can be seen that the Chinese giant toads fed with feed sample 1# grew normally. Figure 1a The intestines of the toads were full of feed and the livers were bright red. However, most of the toads fed with commercially available extruded frog feed had enteritis. Figure 1b The intestines are red and swollen, filled with tissue fluid, there is no feed in the intestines, the liver is enlarged and congested, and its color is light yellow. The symptoms of enteritis are severe.

[0160] Depend on Figure 2a It can be seen that the Chinese giant toad fed with feed sample 1# had no intestinal inflammation. Figure 2b , 2c It can be seen that the Chinese giant toads suffering from enteritis fed with commercially available extruded frog feed had necrosis and shedding of intestinal villus cells and necrosis and shedding of intestinal mucosa.

[0161] In summary, the puffed feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Chinese giant toads and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention can effectively improve the feeding rate and growth rate of Chinese giant toads, reduce the occurrence of enteritis, improve the survival rate, and reduce the risks and costs in the breeding process. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has a high industrial utilization value.

[0162] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An expanded feed, comprising the following components by weight percentage: Defatted fish meal 5-9%; Defatted mealworm powder 15-19%; Soybean meal 1-5%; Pig blood powder 27-31%; Yeast attractant 0.5-4%; Flour 18-22%; α-starch 4.5-6.0%; Soybean oil 0.5-1.2%; Fish oil 0.9-1.7%; Lecithin 0.9-1.7%; Bile acid 0.7-1.1%; Complex minerals 0.9-2.5%; Multivitamins 0.7-1.1%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.9-2.5%; Sodium benzoate 0.04-0.12%; Taurine 0.09~0.25%.

2. The expanded feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The puffed feed comprises the following components by weight percentage: Defatted fish meal 7-9%; Defatted mealworm powder 17-19%; Soybean meal 3-5%; Pig blood powder 29-31%; Yeast inducement 2-4%; Flour 20-22%; α-starch 5.2-5.9%; Soybean oil 0.8-1.2%; Fish oil 1.2-1.7%; Lecithin 1.2-1.7%; Bile acid 0.9-1.1%; Complex minerals 1.5-2.5%; Multivitamins 0.9-1.1%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5-2.5%; Sodium benzoate 0.07-0.12%; Taurine 0.15~0.25%.

3. The expanded feed according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vitamin complex comprises the following components by weight percentage: 24-26% vitamin A; 6-8% vitamin B1; 8-10% riboflavin; 5-7% pantothenic acid; 9-11% vitamin B6; 12 4-6%; Inositol 9-11%; Vitamin E5 1-3%; Vitamin D12-14%; Vitamin K312-14%.

4. The expanded feed according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The composite mineral comprises the following components by weight percentage: 22.3-24.3% calcium; 15.9-17.9% phosphorus; 16.9-18.9% sodium; 1.9-3.9% copper; 6.9-8.9% iron; Potassium 9.4-11.4%; Manganese 0.5-0.9%; Cobalt 2.9-4.9%; Iodine 11.4-13.4%; Magnesium 2.7-4.7%.

5. A method for preparing an expanded feed, comprising the following steps: 1) According to any one of claims 1 to 4, the components except soybean oil, fish oil and lecithin are mixed for the first time, crushed and sieved to obtain powder; 2) dividing the powder into a first powder part and a second powder part, taking out the first powder part and mixing it with soybean oil, fish oil and lecithin for a second time, and mixing the obtained first mixture with the second powder part for a third time to obtain a second mixture; 3) The second mixed material is expanded and then dried to provide the required expanded feed.

6. The method for preparing puffed feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 1), any one or more of the following conditions are included: A1) the first mixing time is 15-25 minutes; A2) The aperture of the sieve mesh is not greater than 80 mesh.

7. The method for preparing puffed feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2), any one or more of the following conditions are included: B1) the weight ratio of the first part of the powder to the second part of the powder is 1:8-10; B2) the second mixing time is 10-20 minutes; B3) The third mixing time is 15-35 minutes.

8. The method for preparing puffed feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 3), any one or more of the following conditions are included: C1) the puffing processing temperature is 80-112°C; C2) water is added during the puffing, and the weight ratio of the water to the second mixed material is 1:3-5; C3) the puffing time is 10-30 seconds; C4) the drying temperature is 120-145°C; C5) The drying time is 20-40 minutes; C6) the extruded feed further contains water, wherein the water content is 3-4% of the total weight of the dry extruded feed; C7) the puffed feed is cut after drying; preferably, the particle diameter of the puffed feed after cutting is 2 to 2.5 mm; The particle thickness of the puffed feed is 1.45-155 mm; the particle hardness of the puffed feed is 22.0-22.5N.

9. An expanded feed prepared by the method according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

10. Use of the extruded feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the extruded feed according to claim 9 as feed for preventing and treating enteritis in Bufo bufo gargarizans.

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