A method for slotting in a deep hole in a non-cutting well of an inclined thick ore body

Abstract

The application discloses a method for drawing a slot in a deep hole in a non-cutting well of an inclined thick ore body, and the stope is arranged vertically to the ore body, and comprises the following steps: (1) constructing a rock drilling flat roadway from a self-section flat roadway to an upper wall of the ore body, and constructing a cutting cross roadway along an upper wall boundary of the ore body; (2) constructing a fan-shaped inclined upward middle-deep hole from the rock drilling flat roadway to the upper wall boundary; (3) constructing a shallow hole below the rock drilling flat roadway corresponding to the middle-deep hole; and (4) taking the cutting cross roadway as an initial blasting compensation space, adopting multiple middle-deep holes and shallow holes for collaborative millisecond blasting, and forming a cutting slot through successive extrusion blasting. The application is aimed at the problem of difficult slot drawing of the inclined thick ore body, utilizes the feature of a relatively gentle ore body inclination, takes the upper wall boundary of the ore body as a bottom boundary of the slot middle-deep hole, and arranges the shallow hole on both sides of the rock drilling flat roadway, so as to take the cutting cross roadway, the rock drilling flat roadway and the space after blasting of the shallow hole as a middle-deep hole blasting compensation space, implement a retreating non-cutting well blasting slot which is perpendicular to the ore body, and form a three-prism cutting slot which matches the inclined ore body. The process is simple, efficient and safe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal and non-metal mining, specifically a method for deep hole slotting in a non-cut shaft in an inclined, thick ore body. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of metal and non-metal mining, ore bodies with a dip angle of 30-50° are classified as inclined ore bodies, which are difficult to mine.

[0003] Mining of inclined, medium-thick ore bodies cannot fully utilize gravity for ore extraction, leading to difficulties in ore extraction.

[0004] In dipping, thick ore bodies, the mining operations are generally arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, with retreat mining from the hanging wall to the footwall, using medium-deep hole blasting. To employ medium-deep hole blasting, cutting works including cutting crossroads and cutting shafts are first arranged in the hanging wall. Then, medium-deep holes are drilled upwards around the cutting shafts within the cutting crossroads, and blasting is used to create cutting grooves, which serve as compensation space for subsequent medium-deep hole blasting.

[0005] Construction of the hanging wall cutting shaft for inclined, thick ore bodies is difficult because the ore body has a gentle dip angle, making it difficult to use a riser drilling rig. Therefore, the construction method is to use manual shallow hole drilling and blasting to excavate upwards along the boundary of the hanging wall of the ore body. The working conditions are harsh, the efficiency is low, and the construction safety risks are high. Furthermore, when arranging medium and deep holes around the inclined cutting shaft, in order to meet the gravity extraction of ore from the collapsed ore, it is necessary to damage the local roof and lose part of the ore body, resulting in ore loss and dilution.

[0006] CN201610628820.4 discloses a method for forced grooving of ultra-high, non-cutting wells with oblique symmetry. However, in this method, the grooving of medium-deep holes does not utilize the ore body occurrence conditions. The bottom boundary of the blast hole is a vertical plane that is artificially defined. The angle between the deep hole and this vertical plane is small, the blasting clamping is large, and the success rate of forced grooving is low. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies by providing a method for deep hole grooving in inclined, thick ore bodies without cutting.

[0008] The deep-hole slotting method for inclined, thick ore bodies without cutting shafts provided by this invention, with the stope arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Construction of rock drilling tunnels from the segmented horizontal tunnels to the hanging wall of the ore body, and construction of cutting cross tunnels along the boundary of the hanging wall of the ore body;

[0010] (2) Construct medium-deep holes arranged in a fan shape, inclined upwards from the rock drilling tunnel towards the upper plate boundary;

[0011] (3) Construct shallow holes below the corresponding deep holes on both sides of the rock drilling tunnel;

[0012] (4) Using the cutting cross passage as the initial blasting compensation space, multiple medium-deep holes and shallow holes are used for coordinated micro-differential blasting, and the cutting groove is formed by successive compression blasting.

[0013] When the above method is implemented, in step (2), the first row of deep holes is perpendicular to the upper boundary of the ore body and maintains a distance of 0.5-0.8m from the cutting cross passage. The angle between the subsequent rows and the horizontal plane increases row by row.

[0014] When implementing the above method, the horizontal inclination angle of the first row of medium-deep holes is in the range of 40-60°.

[0015] When the above method is implemented, in step (2), the distance between the bottom of the medium-deep hole and the bottom surface of the rock drilling tunnel is greater than 1.2m, and the medium-deep hole covers the area 1.2m above the bottom surface of the rock drilling tunnel.

[0016] When the above method is implemented, in step (2), the angle of increase of the adjacent medium-deep hole surface is 3-7°, and the maximum angle of increase does not exceed 90°.

[0017] When implementing the above method, in step (2), the spacing between the rows of medium-deep holes is 1.2-1.5m, and the bottom distance of the holes is 1.3-1.5 times the spacing between the rows.

[0018] When implementing the above method, in step (3), during shallow hole construction, the angle between the axial direction of the blast hole and the sidewall of the rock drilling roadway is 45-60°, the row spacing is 0.8-1.0m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.0-1.2 times the row spacing.

[0019] When the above method is implemented, in steps (2) and (3), the blast hole depths of both the medium-deep holes and the shallow holes reach the boundary of the mining area.

[0020] When the above method is implemented, in step (4), the blasting zone includes 2-3 rows of medium-deep holes and the corresponding shallow holes below them. The blasting time of the shallow holes is earlier than that of the medium-deep holes, and the micro-difference time between the rows is not less than 50ms.

[0021] When implementing the above method, in step (4), after each blast, more than half of the collapsed ore is shoveled out before the next blast is carried out.

[0022] This invention utilizes the relatively gentle dip angle of the hanging wall, turning a potential disadvantage into an advantage, by arranging inclined, upward-facing fan-shaped medium-deep holes approximately perpendicular to the hanging wall boundary. The horizontal dip angle of the medium-deep hole arrangement is adapted to the dip angle of the ore body. Using the cutting cross passage as the initial blasting compensation space, successive compression blasting forms the cutting groove, achieving deep-hole blasting without shaft drilling. The process is simple yet highly efficient and safe. It effectively solves the shortcomings of existing technologies, which are limited by the gentle dip angle of the hanging wall, making it difficult to use riser drilling rigs for cutting shafts, and instead relying on manual excavation, resulting in low efficiency and high operational safety risks. Shallow holes are arranged on both sides of the drilling cross passage, and multiple medium-deep holes and shallow holes are used in conjunction with micro-delay blasting. The shallow holes increase the compensation space for medium-deep hole blasting on both sides of the drilling cross passage, compensating for the insufficient space and poor blasting effect of existing technologies. With the hanging wall as the boundary for medium-deep hole construction, all blast holes are arranged within the ore body, significantly reducing the loss rate during the cutting blasting process. This method effectively solves the shortcomings of existing technologies that use deep-hole blasting to form cutting grooves within the cutting cross-tunnel during construction around the cutting shaft. To allow for gravity-driven ore extraction, this method requires damage to the local roof and loss of some ore body, leading to ore dilution. Furthermore, the medium-deep hole slotting blasting method does not damage the hanging wall roof; the hanging wall roof is gradually exposed during the cutting groove formation process, and the cross-section of the cutting groove is triangular, all of which contribute to the stability of the surrounding rock. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram of BB in the image.

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The CC diagram in the image.

[0026] Detailed list of serial numbers in the diagram:

[0027] 1-Ore body; 2-Panel boundary; 3-Sectional horizontal tunnel; 4-Drilling horizontal tunnel; 5-Cutting cross tunnel; 6-Medium-deep hole; 7-Shallow hole; 8-Sectional blasting zone. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The general technical solution of the deep-hole slotting method for inclined, thick ore bodies without cutting is as follows:

[0029] The stope is arranged vertically to the ore body. The drilling roadway is constructed from the section level roadway to the hanging wall of the ore body. The cutting cross roadway is constructed along the boundary of the hanging wall of the ore body. The roof of the hanging wall of the ore body is used as the boundary. Medium-deep holes are drilled in the drilling roadway in an inclined upward fan shape, supplemented by shallow holes on both sides of the drilling roadway. The cutting cross roadway is used as the initial compensation space. Multiple blasting is carried out to form the cutting groove, realizing the blasting of medium-deep holes without shaft pulling.

[0030] The specific implementation of the above technical solution includes the following steps:

[0031] (1) The layout of the stope is perpendicular to the strike of the ore body 1. A drilling tunnel 4 is excavated from the segmented horizontal tunnel 3 towards the upper boundary 2 of the ore body, and a cutting cross tunnel 5 is constructed along the upper boundary of the ore body. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown.

[0032] (2) Construct medium-deep holes 6 in a fan-shaped arrangement on an inclined upward direction in the rock drilling tunnel.

[0033] The general principle for the layout of medium and deep holes is: symmetrical arrangement of the center plane in the width direction of the drilling tunnel, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown.

[0034] Height positioning of medium-deep holes on the sidewall of the drilling tunnel: Since the support height of the drilling rig is generally 1.2m, the bottom of the medium-deep hole is arranged at a height greater than 1.2m.

[0035] like Figure 1 The first row of medium-deep holes shown is arranged perpendicular to the upper boundary of the ore body, and a distance of about 0.5m is maintained between them and the cutting cross passage. The dip angle of subsequent rows increases by about 5° each time.

[0036] Since the dip angle of the ore body ranges from 30 to 50°, and the first row of medium-deep holes is perpendicular to the upper boundary of the ore body, the sum of the horizontal dip angle of the first row of medium-deep holes and the dip angle of the ore body is a right angle. Therefore, the horizontal dip angle of the first row of medium-deep holes ranges from 40 to 60°.

[0037] Determining the spacing between rows and the bottom distance of holes:

[0038] The spacing between rows of medium-deep holes is the vertical distance from the bottom of the hole in the previous row to the surface of the next row, which is generally 1.2-1.4m. The bottom distance between holes in each row of medium-deep holes is 1.3-1.5 times the spacing between rows.

[0039] (3) Construct shallow holes 7 on both sides in the rock drilling tunnel.

[0040] Since the support height of drilling rigs for medium-deep hole construction is generally 1.2m, the arrangement height of the bottom of the medium-deep hole is less than 1.2m.

[0041] The axial angle between the borehole and the two sides is 45-60°, the row spacing is 0.8-1.0m, and the hole spacing is 1.0-1.2 times the row spacing.

[0042] In steps (2) and (3), the borehole depth of both medium-deep and shallow holes is required to reach the stope boundary, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0043] (4) Explosion

[0044] After the construction of medium-deep and shallow holes is completed, multiple coordinated micro-delay blasting operations will be carried out using medium-deep and shallow holes:

[0045] The area was divided into 8 blasting zones, which were blasted sequentially.

[0046] Figure 1 The number of rows of medium-deep holes in the blasting zone 8 shown is two. The number of rows of shallow holes in each blasting zone is not necessarily the same and is determined according to the specific situation. The determination is based on the fact that the shallow hole row corresponds to the bottom position of the medium-deep hole row.

[0047] When blasting in stages, the initiation time of shallow holes should precede that of medium and deep holes, and the micro-difference time between rows should not be less than 50ms.

[0048] After each blast, a remote-controlled loader is used to remove more than half of the collapsed ore, providing space for subsequent blasts. Then, the next blast is carried out, and this cycle is repeated to form the upper cutting groove.

[0049] The following advantages can be seen from the technical solution and construction process of this method:

[0050] Taking advantage of the relatively gentle dip angle of the hanging wall, this method employs an upward-sloping, fan-shaped arrangement of medium-deep boreholes, approximately perpendicular to the hanging wall boundary. The horizontal dip angle of these boreholes is adapted to the dip angle of the ore body. Using the cutting cross-passage as the initial blasting compensation space, successive compression blasts form the cutting groove, achieving deep-hole blasting without shaft excavation. This process is simple yet highly efficient and safe. It effectively solves the shortcomings of existing technologies, which are limited by the gentle dip angle of the hanging wall, making it difficult to use riser drilling rigs for cutting shafts, and instead rely on manual excavation, resulting in low efficiency and high operational safety risks.

[0051] Shallow holes are arranged on both sides of the drilling tunnel, and multiple micro-delay blasting operations are carried out in conjunction with medium-deep holes. The shallow holes can increase the compensation space for medium-deep hole blasting on both sides of the drilling tunnel, and make up for the shortcomings of existing medium-deep hole blasting technology, such as insufficient blasting space and poor blasting effect.

[0052] The medium-deep hole construction method uses the hanging wall of the ore body as the boundary, with all blast holes located within the ore body, significantly reducing the dilution rate during the slotting blasting process. This effectively solves the problem of existing technologies that use medium-deep hole blasting to form cutting slots within the cutting crossroads around the cutting shaft, which requires damaging the local roof and losing part of the ore body to allow the ore to be extracted by gravity, resulting in ore loss and dilution.

[0053] Deep-hole slotting blasting does not damage the upper plate, and the upper plate is gradually exposed during the formation of the cutting groove. Furthermore, the cross-section of the cutting groove is triangular, all of which are conducive to the stability of the surrounding rock of the cutting groove.

[0054] In summary, this invention addresses the difficulty of slotting in thick, inclined ore bodies. It utilizes the relatively gentle dip angle of the ore body, using the upper boundary of the ore body as the bottom boundary of the deep holes in the slotting, and arranging shallow holes on both sides of the drilling tunnel. This allows the space after cutting the transverse tunnel, drilling tunnel, and shallow hole blasting to serve as the compensation space for the deep hole blasting, enabling a retreating, non-cutting shaft blasting slotting perpendicular to the ore body's strike, forming a triangular prism-shaped cutting slot that matches the inclined ore body.

Claims

1. A method for deep-hole slotting in a non-cutting well within an inclined, thick ore body, wherein the stope is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, comprising the following steps: (1) From the segmented horizontal tunnel to the upper plate of the ore body, construct the rock drilling horizontal tunnel in the mining area and construct the cutting horizontal tunnel along the boundary of the upper plate of the ore body; (2) Construct medium-deep holes arranged in a fan shape, inclined upwards from the rock drilling tunnel towards the upper plate boundary; The first row of medium-deep boreholes is perpendicular to the upper boundary of the ore body and maintains a distance of 0.5-0.8m from the cutting cross passage. The angle between the subsequent boreholes and the horizontal plane increases with each subsequent row. (3) Construct shallow holes below the corresponding deep holes on both sides of the rock drilling tunnel; (4) Using the cutting cross passage as the initial blasting compensation space, multiple medium-deep holes and shallow holes are used for coordinated micro-differential blasting, and the cutting groove is formed by successive compression blasting. After each blast, more than half of the collapsed ore is shoveled out before the next blast is carried out.

2. The method for deep-hole slotting in an uncut well of an inclined, thick ore body as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal inclination angle of the first row of medium-deep holes ranges from 40 to 60°.

3. The method for deep-hole slotting in an uncut well of an inclined, thick ore body as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the distance between the bottom of the medium-deep hole and the bottom of the rock drilling tunnel is greater than 1.2m, and the medium-deep hole covers the area 1.2m above the bottom of the rock drilling tunnel.

4. The method for deep-hole slotting in an uncut well of an inclined, thick ore body as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the inclination angle of the adjacent medium-deep hole face increases by 3-7°, and the maximum inclination angle does not exceed 90°.

5. The method for deep-hole slotting in an uncut well of an inclined, thick ore body as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the spacing between the rows of medium-deep holes is 1.2-1.5m, and the bottom distance of the holes is 1.3-1.5 times the spacing between the rows.

6. The method for deep-hole slotting in an uncut shaft of an inclined, thick ore body as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), during shallow hole construction, the angle between the axial direction of the blast hole and the sidewall of the rock drilling tunnel is 45-60°, the spacing between rows is 0.8-1.0m, and the bottom distance of the hole is 1.0-1.2 times the spacing between rows.

7. The method for deep-hole slotting in an uncut shaft of an inclined, thick ore body as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In steps (2) and (3), the blast hole depths of both the medium-deep and shallow holes reach the mining boundary.

8. The method for deep-hole slotting in an uncut shaft of an inclined, thick ore body as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the blasting zone includes 2-3 rows of medium-deep holes and the corresponding shallow holes below them. The initiation time of the shallow holes is earlier than that of the medium-deep holes, and the micro-difference time between the rows is not less than 50ms.

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