Optimization method for layout of offshore photovoltaic box-type transformer

Abstract

The present invention discloses an offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method, which relates to the offshore photovoltaic box transformer technical field, in order to solve the problem of resource waste during the installation of photovoltaic box transformers. The present invention can accurately plan the location of the box transformer through the layout of the photovoltaic array and the direction of the cable, reduce the cable length and loss, and reduce the construction cost. The cable direction is planned in the simulation model to ensure that the cable path is reasonable, avoid crossing and confusion, and improve construction efficiency and safety. The three-dimensional model is used for parameterized adjustment, and the layout scheme can be more intuitively displayed and optimized, and the accuracy and flexibility of the design can be improved. The simulation of the sun's position and angle can accurately calculate the optimal layout angle and orientation of the photovoltaic assembly. The box transformer position is confirmed according to the photovoltaic array layout and the grid access point, which can ensure that the power transmission path is the shortest and reduce the transmission loss. The box transformer capacity is confirmed according to the output power of the photovoltaic array layout, which can avoid the situation of excess or insufficient capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of offshore photovoltaic box-type transformers, and in particular to an offshore photovoltaic box-type transformer layout optimization method. Background Art

[0002] Offshore photovoltaic box-type substation refers to a box-type substation used in offshore photovoltaic power generation systems.

[0003] The Chinese patent with announcement number CN114400603B discloses an integrated system and integrated design method for high-voltage power transmission and photovoltaic power generation. It mainly integrates the high-voltage overhead transmission line and photovoltaic power generation, and arranges the photovoltaic power station in the transmission line corridor area, which can simultaneously carry out high-voltage power transmission and solar power generation. On the one hand, it can meet the normal power transmission needs of the power system, and on the other hand, it provides a large amount of land resources for the construction of photovoltaic power stations, improves the utilization rate of land resources, and expands the construction land for photovoltaic power generation. Therefore, photovoltaic power generation can reduce carbon emissions and is beneficial to environmental protection. Although the above patent solves the problem of integrated design of transmission lines and photovoltaic power generation, there are still the following problems in actual operation:

[0004] 1. The photovoltaic box transformer was not designed specifically according to the sea area where it was installed, resulting in damage to the photovoltaic box transformer after installation.

[0005] 2. The acquired data is not effectively processed, resulting in the PV box transformer data being inconsistent with the actual installation data.

[0006] 3. The simulation model of the offshore photovoltaic box transformer was not constructed, resulting in unclear layout of the offshore photovoltaic box transformer. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method. Through the layout of the photovoltaic array and the direction of the cable, the location of the box transformer can be accurately planned, the cable length and loss can be reduced, and the construction cost can be reduced. Planning the cable direction in the simulation model can ensure that the cable path is reasonable, avoid crossing and confusion, and improve construction efficiency and safety. Using a three-dimensional model for parameterized adjustment, the layout plan can be more intuitively displayed and optimized, and the accuracy and flexibility of the design can be improved. The simulation of the sun's position and angle can accurately calculate the optimal layout angle and orientation of the photovoltaic components. The box transformer position is confirmed according to the photovoltaic array layout and the grid access point, which can ensure that the power transmission path is the shortest and reduce transmission losses. The box transformer capacity is confirmed according to the output power of the photovoltaic array layout, which can avoid excess or insufficient capacity and solve the problems in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The method for optimizing the layout of offshore photovoltaic box transformers includes the following steps:

[0010] S1: Confirmation of offshore data: Confirm the offshore data of the PV box transformer installation area and mark it as offshore data;

[0011] S2: Confirmation of PV box transformer design: Design the PV box transformer according to the offshore data, confirm the basic data of the PV box transformer, uniquely code each PV box transformer and mark it as PV box transformer data;

[0012] S3: Data preprocessing: preprocess the offshore data and photovoltaic box transformer data respectively, and obtain the target processing data after data preprocessing;

[0013] S4: Simulation model construction: construct a layout simulation model for the target processing data, and perform multi-objective optimization on the constructed layout simulation model to obtain a PV box-type transformer layout model after multi-objective optimization;

[0014] S4: Layout plan presentation: The PV box transformer layout model is presented in a graphical manner, and parameter prompts are provided.

[0015] Preferably, the data of the sea area where the photovoltaic box transformer is installed in S1 is confirmed, including:

[0016] Confirm the pre-selected sea area locations for the installation of multiple PV box transformers, and confirm the resource data and geographic data of each pre-selected sea area location;

[0017] Resource data include solar resources and marine environment; geographic data include coastline and sea area use rights;

[0018] Fusion analysis of resource data and geographic data for each pre-selected sea area location;

[0019] Confirm the sea area data for PV box transformer installation based on the analysis results.

[0020] Preferably, in S2, the photovoltaic box transformer is designed according to the offshore data, and the basic data of the photovoltaic box transformer is confirmed, and each photovoltaic box transformer is uniquely coded and labeled, including:

[0021] Confirm the foundation design, photovoltaic module design, electrical design, floating body design, cable and transmission design of the photovoltaic box-type transformer based on offshore data;

[0022] The foundation design is to confirm the supporting structure according to the seabed topography in the offshore data. The supporting structure includes pile foundation and steel truss. The pile foundation and steel truss are double-fixed by high-strength bolts and pressure blocks.

[0023] Photovoltaic module design is to confirm the photovoltaic module according to the corrosion data and wind and wave data of the marine environment in the offshore data. The photovoltaic module includes solar cells, glass panels, back panels, frames, junction boxes and interconnection strips, and the tilt angle and orientation of the photovoltaic module are designed;

[0024] The electrical design is to confirm the transformer and distribution equipment according to the marine environment in the offshore data, and confirm the arrangement and connection method of the photovoltaic components, transformers and distribution equipment;

[0025] The floating body is designed based on the UV data, tearing data and weather resistance data in the offshore data.

[0026] Cable and transmission design is the design of the route and type of submarine cables based on the seabed depth in offshore data;

[0027] After all designs are completed, the photovoltaic box transformer design data is obtained.

[0028] Preferably, the photovoltaic box transformer is designed according to the offshore data in S2, and the basic data of the photovoltaic box transformer is confirmed, and each photovoltaic box transformer is uniquely coded and labeled, and further includes:

[0029] Retrieve and integrate the basic data of the photovoltaic box transformer in the photovoltaic box transformer design data;

[0030] The basic data of photovoltaic box-type transformers include geographic information data, meteorological data, marine environment data, engineering geological data, technical parameter data and reliability data;

[0031] Among them, geographic information data include sea area location coordinates, sea area, seabed topography and landforms, coastline distance, tidal data, and ocean current direction and speed;

[0032] Meteorological data include annual mean and maximum wind speeds, wind direction frequency distribution, annual rainfall, annual mean and extreme temperatures, solar radiation data, and sea fog frequency and duration;

[0033] Marine environmental data include seawater temperature range, salinity, seawater corrosivity, sea ice conditions and marine biofouling conditions;

[0034] Engineering geological data include seabed soil types and distribution, seismic activity data, and soil bearing capacity and stability;

[0035] Technical parameter data include the type, size and performance parameters of PV modules, technical specifications of transformers, design parameters of electrical systems, support structures and float materials;

[0036] Reliability data includes design standards for wind resistance, wave resistance, and current resistance, and equipment anti-corrosion, moisture resistance, and salt spray resistance requirements;

[0037] The basic data of the photovoltaic box-type transformer is integrated, and the target photovoltaic box-type transformer data is obtained after the data integration.

[0038] Preferably, the photovoltaic box transformer is designed according to the offshore data in S2, and the basic data of the photovoltaic box transformer is confirmed, and each photovoltaic box transformer is uniquely coded and labeled, and further includes:

[0039] Uniquely code and label each photovoltaic box transformer;

[0040] Among them, the coding structure is generated first, and the coding structure includes the device model, timestamp and serial number;

[0041] Use the coding generation software to generate the coding structure for each photovoltaic box transformer;

[0042] The coded photovoltaic box transformer is fused with the target photovoltaic box transformer data to obtain the photovoltaic box transformer data.

[0043] Preferably, the offshore data and the photovoltaic box transformer data are preprocessed separately in S3, including:

[0044] Preprocess the photovoltaic box-type transformer data and offshore data respectively;

[0045] The data preprocessing process includes data cleaning, data conversion and data verification;

[0046] Among them, data cleaning includes processing missing values, detecting outliers, processing duplicate values ​​and unifying formats for photovoltaic box-type transformer data and offshore data respectively;

[0047] The data is converted into normalized PV box-type transformer data and offshore data after data cleaning, and key feature data is extracted;

[0048] Data verification is to perform data quality check and data sampling on the PV box-type transformer data and offshore data after data conversion;

[0049] After data verification, the PV box transformer data and offshore data that have completed data preprocessing are obtained and marked as target processing data.

[0050] Preferably, constructing a layout simulation model for the target processing data in S4, and performing multi-objective optimization on the constructed layout simulation model, including:

[0051] Carry out PV array layout, box transformer location planning and cable route design according to target processing data;

[0052] The photovoltaic array layout process is:

[0053] The photovoltaic module parameters are retrieved and the layout mode is selected according to the sea conditions, wherein the layout modes include fixed and floating;

[0054] Simulate the position and angle of the sun according to the sea area location and date;

[0055] Array layout of photovoltaic modules is carried out according to the parameters and layout of photovoltaic modules and the position and angle of the sun;

[0056] The planning process of the box-type transformer location is as follows:

[0057] Confirm the location of the box-type transformer according to the PV array layout and grid access point;

[0058] Determine the capacity of the box transformer according to the output power of the photovoltaic array layout;

[0059] Confirm the cable connection between the PV panels and the box-type transformer according to the location and capacity of the box-type transformer;

[0060] The cable route design process is:

[0061] Confirm the cable direction according to the sea terrain and sea obstacles;

[0062] Calculate the cable length from the PV array to the box-type transformer and from the box-type transformer to the grid access point;

[0063] Determine the cable cross-section according to the current load and cable length.

[0064] Preferably, constructing a layout simulation model for the target processing data in S4, and performing multi-objective optimization on the constructed layout simulation model, further includes:

[0065] Construct simulation models based on PV array layout, transformer location planning and cable routing design;

[0066] Use RETScreen simulation software to build three-dimensional models of photovoltaic array layout, box transformer location planning and cable routing design;

[0067] And according to the marine environment, wind speed, waves and salt spray environmental factors are integrated into the three-dimensional model;

[0068] The three-dimensional model is then dynamically simulated to see the lighting conditions and shadow changes at different times;

[0069] After the dynamic simulation is completed, the layout simulation model is obtained.

[0070] Preferably, constructing a layout simulation model for the target processing data in S4, and performing multi-objective optimization on the constructed layout simulation model, further includes:

[0071] The layout simulation model is subjected to multi-objective optimization;

[0072] The multi-objective optimization includes the optimization objectives of photovoltaic array layout, box transformer location planning and cable route design;

[0073] Among them, the optimization goals of photovoltaic array layout include maximizing power generation and minimizing floor space; the optimization goals of box transformer location planning include minimizing cable length and reducing voltage loss; the optimization goals of cable route design include minimizing cable cost;

[0074] Perform parameterized adjustment on the three-dimensional model of the layout simulation model after multi-objective optimization;

[0075] After parameter adjustment, the decision variables of the layout simulation model are determined, including the angle and spacing of the photovoltaic panels, the location coordinates of the box transformer, and the path of the cable;

[0076] Determine constraints based on decision variables of the layout simulation model, the constraints include installation space, equipment capacity and safety distance;

[0077] After the constraints are confirmed, the layout simulation model after multi-objective optimization is converted into multiple objective functions;

[0078] The layout simulation model after multi-objective optimization is optimized using genetic algorithm;

[0079] After the model optimization is completed, the PV box transformer layout model is obtained.

[0080] Preferably, the photovoltaic box transformer layout model is presented in a graphical manner in S5, and parameter prompts are provided, including:

[0081] Construct a visual model of the photovoltaic box-type transformer layout model;

[0082] The constructed visualization model is rendered in layout, which means placing the photovoltaic panels on the map at optimized angles and spacings; marking the location of the substation and drawing the cable route from the substation to the photovoltaic panels; rendering the terrain, buildings and roads according to the actual geographical location;

[0083] After the layout rendering is completed, the graphical data of the offshore photovoltaic box-type transformer layout is obtained;

[0084] Confirm the parameters in the graphical data, including the photovoltaic array layout parameters, box transformer location parameters, cable route design parameters and environmental parameters;

[0085] PV array layout parameters include angle, spacing and direction; box-type transformer location parameters include coordinates, capacity and access point; cable route design parameters include type, path and laying method; environmental parameters include wind speed, waves and salt spray;

[0086] Finally, the graphical data and parameter data in the graphical data are presented on the display terminal.

[0087] Preferably, confirming the support structure according to the seabed topography in the offshore data includes:

[0088] Determine the support point areas of multiple support structures according to the seabed topography, and obtain high-definition images of each support point area;

[0089] Analyze the high-definition image of each support point area through a preset image analysis method to obtain the load-bearing score of each support point area;

[0090] Select qualified first support point areas according to the load-bearing score, obtain the marine factors of each first support point area according to the high-definition image, and evaluate the construction condition score of each first support point area according to the number and related attributes of the marine factors;

[0091] Filter out qualified second support point areas based on the construction condition scores, and determine the relative position relationship between the second support points;

[0092] Determine the best structural base arrangement to maintain the balance of the supporting structure according to the balance characteristics of the supporting structure, and select multiple supporting point groups that meet the requirements according to the relative position relationship and the best structural base arrangement;

[0093] For each support point group, calculate the reaction force changes of the remaining support units caused by temporarily unloading one support unit in turn;

[0094] The unloading influence matrix of each support unit is constructed based on the response change;

[0095] Acquire support parameters of the support structure and construct a finite element model of the support structure according to the support parameters;

[0096] Determine the unloading control value according to the finite element model and the support specification parameters of the support structure, and determine the unloading support unit according to the unloading control value and the unloading influence matrix of each support unit;

[0097] Obtain the unit distribution of the detachable support units, and obtain the final support unit distribution of each support point group according to the unit distribution;

[0098] Calculate the construction cost and assembly cost of each support point group according to the final support unit distribution, and select the best support point group according to the construction cost and assembly cost;

[0099] The final support structure is confirmed based on the target support unit distribution of the optimal support point group.

[0100] Preferably, the capacity of the box transformer is determined according to the output power of the photovoltaic array layout, including:

[0101] Obtaining the current component distribution of the photovoltaic cell, and determining the diffusion current and short-circuit current of a single photovoltaic cell according to the current component distribution;

[0102] The voltage characteristic model of photovoltaic cells is constructed based on the diffusion current, short-circuit current and output power of the photovoltaic array layout:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, U d It is represented by the voltage characteristic model of the photovoltaic cell, P represents the output power of the photovoltaic array layout, and I u It is represented by the diffusion current of the photovoltaic cell, P1 is represented by the rated power of the photovoltaic cell, I d It is represented as the short-circuit current of the photovoltaic cell, exp is represented as an exponential function, F is represented as the electron charge, S is represented as the characteristic factor of the current component of the photovoltaic cell, Q is represented as the current stability constant of the photovoltaic cell, and T is represented as the thermodynamic temperature of the photovoltaic cell;

[0105] The output voltage of the photovoltaic cell is determined according to the voltage characteristic model of the photovoltaic cell. The number of photovoltaic cells to be placed in the photovoltaic box transformer is determined according to the voltage requirements of the equivalent circuit and the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell. The capacity of the box transformer is confirmed based on the number of placements.

[0106] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0107] 1. The offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method provided by the present invention can fully understand the environmental conditions of the photovoltaic box transformer by integrating geographic information, meteorological data, marine environmental data, engineering geological data, technical parameter data and reliability data, and can accurately screen and analyze data for specific sea areas and specific environments to ensure that the design of the photovoltaic box transformer conforms to the actual situation and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the design scheme.

[0108] 2. The offshore photovoltaic box-type transformer layout optimization method provided by the present invention can accurately calculate the optimal layout angle and orientation of photovoltaic components by simulating the position and angle of the sun, so as to maximize the use of solar energy resources. The box-type transformer location is confirmed according to the photovoltaic array layout and the grid access point, which can ensure the shortest power transmission path, reduce transmission losses, and improve the overall efficiency of the system. The box-type transformer capacity is confirmed according to the output power of the photovoltaic array layout, which can avoid excess or insufficient capacity and improve equipment utilization.

[0109] 3. The offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method provided by the present invention can accurately plan the location of the box transformer according to the layout of the photovoltaic array and the direction of the cable, reduce the cable length and loss, and reduce the construction cost. Planning the cable direction in the simulation model can ensure that the cable path is reasonable, avoid crossing and confusion, and improve construction efficiency and safety. Using the three-dimensional model for parametric adjustment can more intuitively display and optimize the layout plan, thereby improving the accuracy and flexibility of the design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0110] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the optimization steps of the arrangement of offshore photovoltaic box transformers of the present invention;

[0111] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the optimization process of offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0112] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0113] In order to solve the problem that the photovoltaic box transformer is not designed according to the sea area where the photovoltaic box transformer is installed, which leads to damage after installation, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0114] The method for optimizing the layout of offshore photovoltaic box transformers includes the following steps:

[0115] S1: Confirmation of offshore data: Confirm the offshore data of the PV box transformer installation area and mark it as offshore data;

[0116] The collection and analysis of detailed resource data and geographic data provide a scientific basis for the offshore site selection of photovoltaic box transformers, which helps ensure that the project is implemented in the most promising and feasible areas;

[0117] S2: Confirmation of PV box transformer design: Design the PV box transformer according to the offshore data, confirm the basic data of the PV box transformer, uniquely code each PV box transformer and mark it as PV box transformer data;

[0118] The overall optimization of the offshore photovoltaic box-type transformer system is achieved by comprehensively considering the design of various links such as foundation, photovoltaic components, electrical, floating body, cable and power transmission;

[0119] S3: Data preprocessing: preprocess the offshore data and photovoltaic box transformer data respectively, and obtain the target processing data after data preprocessing;

[0120] Among them, the high-quality, structured data obtained through preprocessing can more accurately reflect the actual conditions of the photovoltaic box transformer and the offshore environment;

[0121] S4: Simulation model construction: construct a layout simulation model for the target processing data, and perform multi-objective optimization on the constructed layout simulation model to obtain a PV box-type transformer layout model after multi-objective optimization;

[0122] Among them, through reasonable photovoltaic array layout and box transformer location planning, we can ensure that solar energy resources are maximized and improve the overall power generation efficiency of the system;

[0123] S5: Layout scheme presentation: present the PV box-type transformer layout model in a graphical manner and provide parameter prompts;

[0124] Among them, the use of visual models for layout design and optimization can greatly reduce the number of field surveys and tests and improve the efficiency of project advancement.

[0125] Confirm the sea area data for the installation of photovoltaic box transformers in S1, including:

[0126] Confirm the pre-selected sea area locations for the installation of multiple PV box transformers, and confirm the resource data and geographic data of each pre-selected sea area location;

[0127] Resource data include solar resources and marine environment; geographic data include coastline and sea area use rights;

[0128] Fusion analysis of resource data and geographic data for each pre-selected sea area location;

[0129] Confirm the sea area data for PV box transformer installation based on the analysis results.

[0130] Specifically, through the collection and analysis of detailed resource data and geographic data, a scientific basis is provided for the sea area site selection of photovoltaic box transformers, which helps to ensure that the project is implemented in the most promising and feasible areas. A comprehensive assessment of solar energy resources, marine environment, coastline contours and sea area use rights can significantly reduce the risks that may be encountered during project construction and operation, such as insufficient light, severe sea conditions, land use compliance and other issues. Assessing parameters such as solar radiation intensity and sunshine duration in each pre-selected sea area and selecting areas with rich solar energy resources to install photovoltaic box transformers will help improve power generation and stability. Analyzing environmental parameters such as salinity, water temperature, ocean currents, and wind speed in the sea area provides a basis for the design and selection of photovoltaic box transformers, ensuring that the equipment can operate stably in harsh marine environments. Understanding the shape and depth of the coastline in the pre-selected sea area will help to reasonably plan the layout of photovoltaic box transformers and avoid adverse effects on the coastal ecological environment. Satellite remote sensing, meteorological observation, ocean monitoring and other means are used to collect data such as solar energy resources, marine environment, coastline contours and sea area use rights in the pre-selected sea area.

[0131] Design the PV box transformer according to the offshore data in S2, confirm the basic data of the PV box transformer, and uniquely code each PV box transformer, including;

[0132] Confirm the foundation design, photovoltaic module design, electrical design, floating body design, cable and transmission design of the photovoltaic box-type transformer based on offshore data;

[0133] The foundation design is to confirm the supporting structure according to the seabed topography in the offshore data. The supporting structure includes pile foundation and steel truss. The pile foundation and steel truss are double-fixed by high-strength bolts and pressure blocks.

[0134] Photovoltaic module design is to confirm the photovoltaic module according to the corrosion data and wind and wave data of the marine environment in the offshore data. The photovoltaic module includes solar cells, glass panels, back panels, frames, junction boxes and interconnection strips, and the tilt angle and orientation of the photovoltaic module are designed;

[0135] The electrical design is to confirm the transformer and distribution equipment according to the marine environment in the offshore data, and confirm the arrangement and connection method of the photovoltaic components, transformers and distribution equipment;

[0136] The floating body is designed based on the UV data, tearing data and weather resistance data in the offshore data.

[0137] Cable and transmission design is the design of the route and type of submarine cables based on the seabed depth in offshore data;

[0138] After all designs are completed, the photovoltaic box transformer design data is obtained.

[0139] Specifically, the support structure (including pile foundation and steel truss) designed according to the seabed topography can ensure the stable operation of photovoltaic box transformers in complex and changeable marine environments. This customized design improves the adaptability and safety of the equipment. Considering the corrosion data and wind and wave data of the marine environment, selecting suitable photovoltaic modules and designing the tilt angle and orientation can maximize the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules while ensuring their long-term reliability in harsh environments. The floating structure design based on ultraviolet data, tearing data and weather resistance data can resist various physical and chemical erosions in the marine environment and extend the service life of the equipment. Transformers and distribution equipment suitable for the marine environment are selected, and photovoltaic modules, transformers and distribution equipment are reasonably arranged and connected to ensure the safety and stability of the electrical system. The submarine cable route and type designed according to the seabed depth can minimize cable losses and improve transmission efficiency. At the same time, reasonable cable design can also reduce project costs. By comprehensively considering the design of various links such as foundation, photovoltaic modules, electrical, floating body, cable and transmission, the overall optimization of the offshore photovoltaic box transformer system can be achieved. This can not only improve power generation efficiency, but also reduce operation and maintenance costs and improve the economic efficiency of the project.

[0140] Retrieve and integrate the basic data of the photovoltaic box transformer in the photovoltaic box transformer design data;

[0141] The basic data of photovoltaic box-type transformers include geographic information data, meteorological data, marine environment data, engineering geological data, technical parameter data and reliability data;

[0142] Among them, geographic information data include sea area location coordinates, sea area, seabed topography and landforms, coastline distance, tidal data, and ocean current direction and speed;

[0143] Meteorological data include annual mean and maximum wind speeds, wind direction frequency distribution, annual rainfall, annual mean and extreme temperatures, solar radiation data, and sea fog frequency and duration;

[0144] Marine environmental data include seawater temperature range, salinity, seawater corrosivity, sea ice conditions and marine biofouling conditions;

[0145] Engineering geological data include seabed soil types and distribution, seismic activity data, and soil bearing capacity and stability;

[0146] Technical parameter data include the type, size and performance parameters of PV modules, technical specifications of transformers, design parameters of electrical systems, support structures and float materials;

[0147] Reliability data includes design standards for wind resistance, wave resistance, and current resistance, and equipment anti-corrosion, moisture resistance, and salt spray resistance requirements;

[0148] The basic data of the photovoltaic box-type transformer is integrated, and the target photovoltaic box-type transformer data is obtained after the data integration.

[0149] Specifically, by integrating geographic information, meteorological data, marine environmental data, engineering geological data, technical parameter data and reliability data, we can fully understand the environmental conditions, technical requirements and operating standards of photovoltaic box transformers. This comprehensive data support helps to more accurately evaluate the design, installation and operation and maintenance needs of photovoltaic box transformers. During the data integration process, accurate data screening and analysis can be carried out for specific sea areas and specific environments to ensure that the design of photovoltaic box transformers conforms to the actual situation and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the design plan. For different sea environments and climatic conditions, photovoltaic box transformers can be customized through data integration to enhance their adaptability to the environment. For example, the anti-corrosion, moisture-proof and salt spray-proof treatment requirements of photovoltaic modules can be adjusted according to marine environmental data to ensure the stable operation of photovoltaic box transformers in harsh marine environments.

[0150] Uniquely code and label each photovoltaic box transformer;

[0151] Among them, the coding structure is generated first, and the coding structure includes the device model, timestamp and serial number;

[0152] Use the coding generation software to generate the coding structure for each photovoltaic box transformer;

[0153] The coded photovoltaic box transformer is fused with the target photovoltaic box transformer data to obtain the photovoltaic box transformer data.

[0154] Specifically, each PV box transformer is uniquely coded with a coding structure consisting of the device model, timestamp and serial number, ensuring the uniqueness of the box transformer in the PV system and facilitating management and tracking. This coding method enables each box transformer to be accurately identified, helping to quickly locate and resolve problems when they arise. Through a unified coding structure, the standardization and normalization of PV box transformer identification is achieved, improving the efficiency and accuracy of data management. The automatic generation of the coding structure using coding generation software greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of coding work.

[0155] In order to solve the problem in the prior art that the acquired data is not effectively processed, resulting in the PV box transformer data not being consistent with the actual installation data, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0156] In S3, the offshore data and photovoltaic box transformer data are preprocessed separately, including:

[0157] Preprocess the photovoltaic box-type transformer data and offshore data respectively;

[0158] The data preprocessing process includes data cleaning, data conversion and data verification;

[0159] Among them, data cleaning includes processing missing values, detecting outliers, processing duplicate values ​​and unifying formats for photovoltaic box-type transformer data and offshore data respectively;

[0160] The data is converted into normalized PV box-type transformer data and offshore data after data cleaning, and key feature data is extracted;

[0161] Data verification is to perform data quality check and data sampling on the PV box-type transformer data and offshore data after data conversion;

[0162] After data verification, the PV box transformer data and offshore data that have completed data preprocessing are obtained and marked as target processing data.

[0163] Specifically, through the data cleaning step, missing values, outliers and duplicate values ​​can be effectively removed, and the data format can be unified to ensure that subsequent analysis is based on accurate and consistent data sets. This directly improves the reliability of the data and reduces the analysis bias caused by data errors. The normalization process in data conversion can eliminate the dimensional effects between different variables, so that all features can be compared on the same scale, which helps to improve the training speed and prediction accuracy of the machine learning model. In addition, extracting key feature data can reduce the computational complexity and speed up the analysis. The data verification step includes data quality inspection and data sampling to ensure that the converted data meets the requirements in terms of quality and representativeness. This helps to establish a more robust prediction and decision-making basis in the subsequent offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization model. The high-quality and structured data obtained through preprocessing can more accurately reflect the actual conditions of the photovoltaic box transformer and the offshore environment, and provide strong support for the establishment of the optimization model. This makes the optimization process more refined, and can be customized for specific conditions to improve the optimization effect.

[0164] In order to solve the problem that the offshore photovoltaic box transformer has not been simulated in the prior art, which leads to unclear layout of the offshore photovoltaic box transformer, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0165] The layout simulation model is constructed for the target processing data in S4, and the constructed layout simulation model is optimized for multiple objectives, including:

[0166] Carry out PV array layout, box transformer location planning and cable route design according to target processing data;

[0167] The photovoltaic array layout process is:

[0168] The photovoltaic module parameters are retrieved and the layout mode is selected according to the sea conditions, wherein the layout modes include fixed and floating;

[0169] Simulate the position and angle of the sun according to the sea area location and date;

[0170] Array layout of photovoltaic modules is carried out according to the parameters and layout of photovoltaic modules and the position and angle of the sun;

[0171] The planning process of the box-type transformer location is as follows:

[0172] Confirm the location of the box-type transformer according to the PV array layout and grid access point;

[0173] Determine the capacity of the box transformer according to the output power of the photovoltaic array layout;

[0174] Confirm the cable connection between the PV panels and the box-type transformer according to the location and capacity of the box-type transformer;

[0175] The cable route design process is:

[0176] Confirm the cable direction according to the sea terrain and sea obstacles;

[0177] Calculate the cable length from the PV array to the box-type transformer and from the box-type transformer to the grid access point;

[0178] Determine the cable cross-section according to the current load and cable length.

[0179] Specifically, by retrieving the parameters of photovoltaic modules and selecting fixed or floating layout methods according to sea conditions, it is possible to flexibly adapt to different sea environments and improve the power generation efficiency and stability of photovoltaic arrays. By simulating the position and angle of the sun, the optimal layout angle and orientation of photovoltaic modules can be accurately calculated, thereby maximizing the use of solar energy resources. The location of the box transformer is confirmed according to the photovoltaic array layout and the grid access point, which can ensure the shortest power transmission path, reduce transmission losses, and improve the overall efficiency of the system. The box transformer capacity is confirmed according to the output power of the photovoltaic array layout, which can avoid excess or insufficient capacity, improve equipment utilization, and reduce investment costs. According to the sea terrain and By checking the obstacles to confirm the direction of the cable, you can avoid the cable from being harmed by mechanical external force, corrosion and other hazards, improve the safety and service life of the cable, calculate the cable length from the photovoltaic array to the box transformer and from the box transformer to the grid access point, and confirm the cable cross-section according to the current load and cable length. Under the premise of ensuring safety, you can select the most appropriate cable specifications and reduce the cable investment cost. Through reasonable photovoltaic array layout and box transformer location planning, ensure that solar energy resources are maximized and improve the overall power generation efficiency of the system. By accurately calculating the cable length and selecting the appropriate cable specifications, as well as reasonably matching the box transformer capacity, you can reduce unnecessary investment waste and reduce the total investment cost of the project.

[0180] Construct simulation models based on PV array layout, transformer location planning and cable routing design;

[0181] Use RETScreen simulation software to build three-dimensional models of photovoltaic array layout, box transformer location planning and cable routing design;

[0182] And according to the marine environment, wind speed, waves and salt spray environmental factors are integrated into the three-dimensional model;

[0183] The three-dimensional model is then dynamically simulated to see the lighting conditions and shadow changes at different times;

[0184] After the dynamic simulation is completed, the layout simulation model is obtained.

[0185] Specifically, RETScreen simulation software can simulate the light resources in different sea environments and provide data support for the scientific site selection of photovoltaic arrays. At the same time, the layout of the photovoltaic array can be optimized to ensure maximum solar radiation and improve power generation efficiency. According to the layout of the photovoltaic array and the direction of the cable, the location of the box transformer can be accurately planned to reduce the cable length and loss, and reduce the construction cost. Planning the cable direction in the simulation model can ensure that the cable path is reasonable, avoid crossing and confusion, and improve construction efficiency and safety. Considering the interaction process between the photovoltaic power station and the power grid, the grid connection strategy can be optimized through the simulation model to ensure that photovoltaic power is efficiently and safely connected to the power grid. Through early simulation, problems in the design can be discovered and solved, and the rework cost and time during the construction process can be reduced.

[0186] The layout simulation model is subjected to multi-objective optimization;

[0187] The multi-objective optimization includes the optimization objectives of photovoltaic array layout, box transformer location planning and cable route design;

[0188] Among them, the optimization goals of photovoltaic array layout include maximizing power generation and minimizing floor space; the optimization goals of box transformer location planning include minimizing cable length and reducing voltage loss; the optimization goals of cable route design include minimizing cable cost;

[0189] Perform parameterized adjustment on the three-dimensional model of the layout simulation model after multi-objective optimization;

[0190] After parameter adjustment, the decision variables of the layout simulation model are determined, including the angle and spacing of the photovoltaic panels, the location coordinates of the box transformer, and the path of the cable;

[0191] Determine constraints based on decision variables of the layout simulation model, the constraints include installation space, equipment capacity and safety distance;

[0192] After the constraints are confirmed, the layout simulation model after multi-objective optimization is converted into multiple objective functions;

[0193] The layout simulation model after multi-objective optimization is optimized using genetic algorithm;

[0194] After the model optimization is completed, the PV box transformer layout model is obtained.

[0195] Specifically, multiple optimization objectives such as photovoltaic array layout, transformer location planning, and cable route design are taken into consideration at the same time, such as maximizing power generation, minimizing floor space, minimizing cable length, reducing voltage loss, and minimizing cable cost, etc., to achieve comprehensive optimization of the overall layout plan. The three-dimensional model is used for parametric adjustment, which can more intuitively display and optimize the layout plan, improve the accuracy and flexibility of the design, and use intelligent optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms to optimize the model, which can handle complex multi-objective optimization problems and find the global optimal solution or approximate optimal solution.

[0196] In S5, the photovoltaic box transformer layout model is presented in a graphical way, and parameter prompts are provided, including:

[0197] Construct a visual model of the photovoltaic box-type transformer layout model;

[0198] The constructed visualization model is rendered in layout, which means placing the photovoltaic panels on the map at optimized angles and spacings; marking the location of the substation and drawing the cable route from the substation to the photovoltaic panels; rendering the terrain, buildings and roads according to the actual geographical location;

[0199] After the layout rendering is completed, the graphical data of the offshore photovoltaic box-type transformer layout is obtained;

[0200] Confirm the parameters in the graphical data, including the photovoltaic array layout parameters, box transformer location parameters, cable route design parameters and environmental parameters;

[0201] PV array layout parameters include angle, spacing and direction; box-type transformer location parameters include coordinates, capacity and access point; cable route design parameters include type, path and laying method; environmental parameters include wind speed, waves and salt spray;

[0202] Finally, the graphical data and parameter data in the graphical data are presented on the display terminal.

[0203] Specifically, the 3D visualization model can intuitively display the actual conditions of the photovoltaic array, transformer box location, cable direction and surrounding environment, so that decision makers can understand the overall layout at a glance. The graphical display method can help relevant personnel quickly understand the project overview better than text or two-dimensional drawings, reducing communication costs. When rendering the layout in the visualization model, the angle, spacing and direction of the photovoltaic panels, as well as the location of the transformer box and the direction of the cable can be easily adjusted to achieve the optimal layout. Through precise model calculation and simulation, the accuracy of parameters such as the photovoltaic array layout and cable direction can be ensured, reducing errors in actual construction. Using visualization models for layout design and optimization can greatly reduce the number of field surveys and tests and improve the efficiency of project advancement.

[0204] In one embodiment, identifying a support structure according to a seabed topography in offshore data includes:

[0205] Determine the support point areas of multiple support structures according to the seabed topography, and obtain high-definition images of each support point area;

[0206] Analyze the high-definition image of each support point area through a preset image analysis method to obtain the load-bearing score of each support point area;

[0207] Select qualified first support point areas according to the load-bearing score, obtain the marine factors of each first support point area according to the high-definition image, and evaluate the construction condition score of each first support point area according to the number and related attributes of the marine factors;

[0208] Filter out qualified second support point areas based on the construction condition scores, and determine the relative position relationship between the second support points;

[0209] Determine the best structural base arrangement to maintain the balance of the supporting structure according to the balance characteristics of the supporting structure, and select multiple supporting point groups that meet the requirements according to the relative position relationship and the best structural base arrangement;

[0210] For each support point group, calculate the reaction force changes of the remaining support units caused by temporarily unloading one support unit in turn;

[0211] The unloading influence matrix of each support unit is constructed based on the response change;

[0212] Acquire support parameters of the support structure and construct a finite element model of the support structure according to the support parameters;

[0213] Determine the unloading control value according to the finite element model and the support specification parameters of the support structure, and determine the unloading support unit according to the unloading control value and the unloading influence matrix of each support unit;

[0214] Obtain the unit distribution of the detachable support units, and obtain the final support unit distribution of each support point group according to the unit distribution;

[0215] Calculate the construction cost and assembly cost of each support point group according to the final support unit distribution, and select the best support point group according to the construction cost and assembly cost;

[0216] The final support structure is confirmed based on the target support unit distribution of the optimal support point group.

[0217] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: by selecting support point areas with qualified load-bearing and construction conditions according to the seabed topography, the support stability and feasibility can be guaranteed. Furthermore, by determining the disassembly impact characteristics of each support unit in each support point group, the final support point group can be determined to further ensure the support stability while achieving cost control and improving practicality.

[0218] In one embodiment, determining the capacity of the box transformer according to the output power of the photovoltaic array layout includes:

[0219] Obtaining the current component distribution of the photovoltaic cell, and determining the diffusion current and short-circuit current of a single photovoltaic cell according to the current component distribution;

[0220] The voltage characteristic model of photovoltaic cells is constructed based on the diffusion current, short-circuit current and output power of the photovoltaic array layout:

[0221]

[0222] Among them, U d It is represented by the voltage characteristic model of the photovoltaic cell, P represents the output power of the photovoltaic array layout, and I u It is represented by the diffusion current of the photovoltaic cell, P1 is represented by the rated power of the photovoltaic cell, I d It is represented as the short-circuit current of the photovoltaic cell, exp is represented as an exponential function, F is represented as the electron charge, S is represented as the characteristic factor of the current component of the photovoltaic cell, Q is represented as the current stability constant of the photovoltaic cell, and T is represented as the thermodynamic temperature of the photovoltaic cell;

[0223] The output voltage of the photovoltaic cell is determined according to the voltage characteristic model of the photovoltaic cell. The number of photovoltaic cells to be placed in the photovoltaic box transformer is determined according to the voltage requirements of the equivalent circuit and the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell. The capacity of the box transformer is confirmed based on the number of placements.

[0224] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: by constructing a voltage characteristic model of photovoltaic cells, the output voltage parameters of a single photovoltaic cell under the rated power output of the photovoltaic array layout can be determined, and then the number of built-in photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic box transformer can be determined according to the voltage output requirements of the preset equivalent circuit, and then the box transformer capacity can be determined, which can maximize the saving of the space occupied by the box transformer while ensuring that the output efficiency meets the requirements, thereby improving practicality, stability and reliability.

[0225] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0226] While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. Offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Confirmation of offshore data: Confirm the offshore data of the PV box transformer installation area and mark it as offshore data; S2: PV box transformer design confirmation: Design the PV box transformer according to the offshore data, confirm the basic data of the PV box transformer, uniquely code each PV box transformer and mark it as PV box transformer data; S3: Data preprocessing: preprocess the offshore data and photovoltaic box transformer data respectively, and obtain the target processing data after data preprocessing; S4: Simulation model construction: construct a layout simulation model for the target processing data, and perform multi-objective optimization on the constructed layout simulation model to obtain a PV box-type transformer layout model after multi-objective optimization; S5: Layout plan presentation: The PV box transformer layout model is presented in a graphical manner, and parameter prompts are provided.

2. The offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Confirm the sea area data for the installation of photovoltaic box transformers in S1, including: Confirm the pre-selected sea area locations for the installation of multiple PV box transformers, and confirm the resource data and geographic data of each pre-selected sea area location; Resource data include solar resources and marine environment; geographic data include coastline and sea area use rights; Fusion analysis of resource data and geographic data for each pre-selected sea area location; Confirm the sea area data for PV box-type transformer installation based on the analysis results; Design the PV box transformer according to the offshore data in S2, confirm the basic data of the PV box transformer, and uniquely code each PV box transformer, including; Confirm the foundation design, photovoltaic module design, electrical design, floating body design, cable and transmission design of the photovoltaic box-type transformer based on offshore data; The foundation design is to confirm the supporting structure according to the seabed topography in the offshore data. The supporting structure includes pile foundation and steel truss. The pile foundation and steel truss are double-fixed by high-strength bolts and pressure blocks. Photovoltaic module design is to confirm the photovoltaic module according to the corrosion data and wind and wave data of the marine environment in the offshore data. The photovoltaic module includes solar cells, glass panels, back panels, frames, junction boxes and interconnection strips, and the tilt angle and orientation of the photovoltaic module are designed; The electrical design is to confirm the transformer and distribution equipment according to the marine environment in the offshore data, and confirm the arrangement and connection method of the photovoltaic components, transformers and distribution equipment; The floating body is designed based on the UV data, tearing data and weather resistance data in the offshore data. Cable and transmission design is the design of the route and type of submarine cables based on the seabed depth in offshore data; After all designs are completed, the photovoltaic box transformer design data is obtained.

3. The offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Design the PV box transformer according to the offshore data in S2, confirm the basic data of the PV box transformer, and uniquely code each PV box transformer, including: Retrieve and integrate the basic data of the photovoltaic box transformer in the photovoltaic box transformer design data; The basic data of photovoltaic box-type transformers include geographic information data, meteorological data, marine environment data, engineering geological data, technical parameter data and reliability data; Among them, geographic information data include sea area location coordinates, sea area, seabed topography and landforms, coastline distance, tidal data, and ocean current direction and speed; Meteorological data include annual mean and maximum wind speeds, wind direction frequency distribution, annual rainfall, annual mean and extreme temperatures, solar radiation data, and sea fog frequency and duration; Marine environmental data include seawater temperature range, salinity, seawater corrosivity, sea ice conditions and marine biofouling conditions; Engineering geological data include seabed soil types and distribution, seismic activity data, and soil bearing capacity and stability; Technical parameter data include the type, size and performance parameters of PV modules, technical specifications of transformers, design parameters of electrical systems, support structures and float materials; Reliability data includes design standards for wind resistance, wave resistance, and current resistance, and equipment anti-corrosion, moisture resistance, and salt spray resistance requirements; The basic data of the photovoltaic box-type transformer is integrated, and the target photovoltaic box-type transformer data is obtained after the data integration.

4. The offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Design the PV box transformer according to the offshore data in S2, confirm the basic data of the PV box transformer, and uniquely code each PV box transformer, including: Uniquely code and label each photovoltaic box transformer; Among them, the coding structure is generated first, and the coding structure includes the device model, timestamp and serial number; Use the coding generation software to generate the coding structure for each photovoltaic box transformer; The PV box transformer generated by coding is fused with the target PV box transformer data, and the PV box transformer data is obtained after the data fusion; In S3, the offshore data and photovoltaic box transformer data are preprocessed separately, including: Preprocess the photovoltaic box-type transformer data and offshore data respectively; The data preprocessing process includes data cleaning, data conversion and data verification; Among them, data cleaning includes processing missing values, detecting outliers, processing duplicate values ​​and unifying formats for photovoltaic box-type transformer data and offshore data respectively; The data is converted into normalized PV box-type transformer data and offshore data after data cleaning, and key feature data is extracted; Data verification is to perform data quality check and data sampling on the PV box-type transformer data and offshore data after data conversion; After data verification, the PV box transformer data and offshore data that have completed data preprocessing are obtained and marked as target processing data.

5. The offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The layout simulation model is constructed for the target processing data in S4, and the constructed layout simulation model is optimized for multiple objectives, including: Carry out PV array layout, box transformer location planning and cable route design according to target processing data; The photovoltaic array layout process is: The photovoltaic module parameters are retrieved and the layout mode is selected according to the sea conditions, wherein the layout modes include fixed and floating; Simulate the position and angle of the sun according to the sea area location and date; Array layout of photovoltaic modules is carried out according to the parameters and layout of photovoltaic modules and the position and angle of the sun; The planning process of the box-type transformer location is as follows: Confirm the location of the box-type transformer according to the PV array layout and grid access point; Determine the capacity of the box transformer according to the output power of the photovoltaic array layout; Confirm the cable connection between the PV panels and the box-type transformer according to the location and capacity of the box-type transformer; The cable route design process is: Confirm the cable direction according to the sea terrain and sea obstacles; Calculate the cable length from the PV array to the box-type transformer and from the box-type transformer to the grid access point; Determine the cable cross-section according to the current load and cable length.

6. The offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The target processing data in S4 is arranged to construct a simulation model, and the constructed arrangement simulation model is optimized for multiple objectives, and also includes: Construct simulation models based on PV array layout, transformer location planning and cable routing design; Use RETScreen simulation software to build three-dimensional models of photovoltaic array layout, box transformer location planning and cable routing design; And according to the marine environment, wind speed, waves and salt spray environmental factors are integrated into the three-dimensional model; The three-dimensional model is then dynamically simulated to see the lighting conditions and shadow changes at different times; After the dynamic simulation is completed, the layout simulation model is obtained.

7. The offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The target processing data in S4 is arranged to construct a simulation model, and the constructed arrangement simulation model is optimized for multiple objectives, and also includes: The layout simulation model is subjected to multi-objective optimization; The multi-objective optimization includes the optimization objectives of photovoltaic array layout, box transformer location planning and cable route design; Among them, the optimization goals of photovoltaic array layout include maximizing power generation and minimizing floor space; the optimization goals of box transformer location planning include minimizing cable length and reducing voltage loss; the optimization goals of cable route design include minimizing cable cost; Perform parameterized adjustment on the three-dimensional model of the layout simulation model after multi-objective optimization; After parameter adjustment, the decision variables of the layout simulation model are determined, including the angle and spacing of the photovoltaic panels, the location coordinates of the box transformer, and the path of the cable; Determine constraints based on decision variables of the layout simulation model, the constraints include installation space, equipment capacity and safety distance; After the constraints are confirmed, the layout simulation model after multi-objective optimization is converted into multiple objective functions; The layout simulation model after multi-objective optimization is optimized using genetic algorithm; After the model optimization is completed, the PV box transformer layout model is obtained.

8. The offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S5, the photovoltaic box transformer layout model is presented in a graphical way, and parameter prompts are provided, including: Construct a visual model of the photovoltaic box-type transformer layout model; The constructed visualization model is rendered in layout, which means placing the photovoltaic panels on the map at optimized angles and spacings; marking the location of the substation and drawing the cable route from the substation to the photovoltaic panels; rendering the terrain, buildings and roads according to the actual geographical location; After the layout rendering is completed, the graphical data of the offshore photovoltaic box-type transformer layout is obtained; Confirm the parameters in the graphical data, including the photovoltaic array layout parameters, box transformer location parameters, cable route design parameters and environmental parameters; PV array layout parameters include angle, spacing and direction; box-type transformer location parameters include coordinates, capacity and access point; cable route design parameters include type, path and laying method; environmental parameters include wind speed, waves and salt spray; Finally, the graphical data and parameter data in the graphical data are presented on the display terminal.

9. The offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Confirm support structures based on seafloor topography from offshore data, including: Determine the support point areas of multiple support structures according to the seabed topography, and obtain high-definition images of each support point area; Analyze the high-definition image of each support point area through a preset image analysis method to obtain the load-bearing score of each support point area; Select qualified first support point areas according to the load-bearing score, obtain the marine factors of each first support point area according to the high-definition image, and evaluate the construction condition score of each first support point area according to the number and related attributes of the marine factors; Filter out qualified second support point areas based on the construction condition scores, and determine the relative position relationship between the second support points; Determine the best structural base arrangement to maintain the balance of the supporting structure according to the balance characteristics of the supporting structure, and select multiple supporting point groups that meet the requirements according to the relative position relationship and the best structural base arrangement; For each support point group, calculate the reaction force changes of the remaining support units caused by temporarily unloading one support unit in turn; The unloading influence matrix of each support unit is constructed based on the response change; Acquire support parameters of the support structure and construct a finite element model of the support structure according to the support parameters; Determine the unloading control value according to the finite element model and the support specification parameters of the support structure, and determine the unloading support unit according to the unloading control value and the unloading influence matrix of each support unit; Obtain the unit distribution of the detachable support units, and obtain the final support unit distribution of each support point group according to the unit distribution; Calculate the construction cost and assembly cost of each support point group according to the final support unit distribution, and select the best support point group according to the construction cost and assembly cost; The final support structure is confirmed based on the target support unit distribution of the optimal support point group.

10. The offshore photovoltaic box transformer layout optimization method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Determine the capacity of the box transformer according to the output power of the PV array layout, including: Obtaining the current component distribution of the photovoltaic cell, and determining the diffusion current and short-circuit current of a single photovoltaic cell according to the current component distribution; The voltage characteristic model of photovoltaic cells is constructed based on the diffusion current, short-circuit current and output power of the photovoltaic array layout: Among them, U d It is represented by the voltage characteristic model of the photovoltaic cell, P represents the output power of the photovoltaic array layout, and I u It is represented by the diffusion current of the photovoltaic cell, P1 is represented by the rated power of the photovoltaic cell, I d It is represented as the short-circuit current of the photovoltaic cell, exp is represented as the exponential function, F is represented as the electron charge, S is represented as the characteristic factor of the current component of the photovoltaic cell, Q is represented as the current stability constant of the photovoltaic cell, and T is represented as the thermodynamic temperature of the photovoltaic cell; The output voltage of the photovoltaic cell is determined according to the voltage characteristic model of the photovoltaic cell. The number of photovoltaic cells to be placed in the photovoltaic box transformer is determined according to the voltage requirements of the equivalent circuit and the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell. The capacity of the box transformer is confirmed based on the number of placements.

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