A watershed ecological regulation method based on coupling of habitat and river flow simulation

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on habitat and river flow simulation coupling's watershed ecological regulation method, belong to watershed ecological hydrology management field, this method includes according to the habit of protected species, set water depth suitability index, flow velocity suitability index and bottom stability index, and water depth suitability index, flow velocity suitability index and bottom stability index are synthesized, and comprehensive suitability index is obtained;According to comprehensive suitability index, define effective habitat;By constructing river two-dimensional hydrodynamics model, simulate and analyze physical habitat under different flow, count the area of effective habitat under different flow, establish the relationship curve between flow and effective habitat area;According to the relationship curve between flow and effective habitat area, establish watershed ecological regulation model, solve watershed ecological regulation model, obtain ecological watershed regulation scheme.The application solves the problem that existing regulation method cannot effectively balance water resource efficient utilization and ecological protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of watershed eco-hydrological management, and in particular relates to a watershed ecological scheduling method based on the simulation coupling of habitat and river flow. Background Technology

[0002] In watershed eco-hydrological management, habitat protection and efficient water resource utilization are two crucial objectives. However, traditional watershed management methods often focus on meeting the water needs of human society, such as irrigation, industrial and domestic water use, while neglecting the health and sustainability of river ecosystems. This human-centered management approach has led to the degradation of river ecosystems, including habitat loss, biodiversity loss, and water quality deterioration.

[0003] In recent years, with the rapid development of ecohydrology, people have begun to realize the importance of protecting river ecosystems and have attempted to integrate ecological principles into watershed management. However, most existing ecological management methods are based on simple ecological water demand calculations, lacking detailed assessments of habitat suitability and comprehensive considerations of water resource efficiency. Therefore, how to formulate a watershed management method that can effectively protect river ecosystems while achieving efficient water resource utilization has become an urgent technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings in existing technologies, this invention provides a watershed ecological scheduling method based on habitat and river flow simulation coupling, which solves the problem that existing scheduling methods cannot effectively balance efficient water resource utilization and ecological protection.

[0005] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: a watershed ecological scheduling method based on habitat and river flow simulation coupling, comprising:

[0006] The protected species are identified, and based on their habits, water depth suitability index, flow velocity suitability index, and bottom sediment stability index are set. The water depth suitability index, flow velocity suitability index, and bottom sediment stability index are then combined to obtain the comprehensive suitability index.

[0007] Based on the comprehensive suitability index, effective habitats are defined;

[0008] By constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the river, we simulated and analyzed the physical habitat under different flow rates, statistically analyzed the effective habitat area under different flow rates, and established the relationship curve between flow rate and effective habitat area.

[0009] Based on the relationship curve between flow rate and effective habitat area, a watershed ecological scheduling model is established, and the watershed ecological scheduling model is solved to obtain an ecological watershed scheduling scheme.

[0010] Furthermore, the setting of water depth suitability index and flow velocity suitability index specifically includes:

[0011] By constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the river, the velocity distribution and water depth distribution of the protected species' habitat under different flow conditions were simulated and calculated. Based on the habits of the protected species, the habitat suitability index model was used to set the water depth suitability index curve DHSI~D and the velocity suitability index curve VHSI~V; where DHSI is the water depth suitability index; D is the water depth; VHSI is the velocity suitability index; and V is the velocity.

[0012] Furthermore, the expression for the substrate stability index is:

[0013]

[0014] Among them, BSSI is the bottom sediment stability index.

[0015] Furthermore, the expression for the comprehensive suitability index is:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, GHSI is the overall suitability index; DHSI is the water depth suitability index; VHSI is the velocity suitability index; DHSI max The maximum possible value of the water depth suitability index; VHSI max The maximum possible value of the flow velocity suitability index; BSSI is the bottom sediment stability index; BSSI max α represents the maximum possible value of the sediment stability index; α, β, and γ are all weighting coefficients.

[0018] Furthermore, the step of defining effective habitats based on the comprehensive suitability index specifically involves setting a comprehensive suitability threshold and defining habitats with a comprehensive suitability index greater than the comprehensive suitability threshold as effective habitats.

[0019] Furthermore, the objective function of the watershed ecological scheduling model includes an ecological scheduling objective based on habitat protection and restoration, and an ecological efficiency objective:

[0020]

[0021] Where max f1 is the ecological scheduling objective of the watershed ecological scheduling model based on habitat protection and restoration; Ts is the number of sensitive periods for the protection and restoration objectives; To protect and restore the average effective habitat area during the k-th sensitive period; A k This represents the effective habitat area during the k-th sensitive period. The average value is represented by k; k is the index of the sensitive period. The flow Q during the k-th sensitive period k With effective habitat area A k The relationship curve; minf2 is the ecological efficiency target of the watershed ecological scheduling model; Qd j,t Let J be the water replenishment flow rate for j external water sources in time period t; J be the total number of external water sources; j be the index of the external water source; T be the total number of scheduling time periods; t be the index of the scheduling time period; and Δt be the time period step.

[0022] Furthermore, the constraints of the watershed ecological scheduling model include constraints on available water supply, water supply flow, reservoir storage capacity, reservoir discharge ecological base flow, minimum inflow to the sea, and minimum effective habitat.

[0023] Wrs i ≤Wrin i -Wrsc i +V0 i -VT i

[0024] Wds j ≤Wdsmax j -Wdsc j

[0025] Qr i,t ≤Qrmax i,t

[0026] Qd j,t ≤Qdmax j,t

[0027] Vmin i，t ≤V i，t ≤Vmax i，t

[0028] V i,t =V i,t-1 +WI i,t -Wc i,t -Wr i,t

[0029] Qr i,t ≥Qre i,t

[0030] Qs t ≥Qse t

[0031] A t ≥A min,t

[0032] t∈T s

[0033] Among them, Wrs iThe water replenishment amount for the i-th reservoir; Wrin i Let Wrsc be the inflow during the i-th reservoir scheduling period; i V0 represents the water supply from outside the river during the i-th reservoir operation period. i Let VT be the initial water storage of the i-th reservoir during the scheduling period; i The required water storage capacity at the end of the i-th reservoir's operation period; Wds j The water replenishment amount for the j-th external water source; Wdsmax j Wdsc represents the maximum water supply capacity of the j-th external water source. j For the j-th external water source, the water supply volume outside the river channel; Wds j The water replenishment amount for the j-th external water source; Wdsmax j Wdsc represents the maximum water supply capacity of the j-th external water source. j For the j-th external water source, the water supply volume outside the river channel; Qr i,t Qrmax is the water replenishment flow rate for the i-th reservoir during time period t. i,t The maximum water replenishment flow of the i-th reservoir during time period t; Qd j,t The water replenishment flow rate for the j-th external water source during time period t; Qdmax j,t Vmin represents the maximum water replenishment flow rate of the j-th external water source during time period t. i，t V represents the minimum water storage constraint for the i-th reservoir during time period t; i，t Vmax represents the water storage capacity of the i-th reservoir during time period t. i，t V represents the constraint on the maximum water storage capacity of the i-th reservoir during time period t; i,t-1 Let WI be the water storage capacity of reservoir i during time period t-1; i,t Let Wc be the inflow volume of reservoir i during time period t. i,t Wr represents the water supply from outside the river channel to reservoir i during time period t. i,t Let Qre be the ecological water replenishment amount for reservoir i during time period t; i,t Let Qs be the ecological base flow of the i-th reservoir at time t; t Let Qse be the inflow rate during time period t; t Let A be the minimum inflow to the sea during time period t; t A represents the effective habitat area formed during time period t; min，t This represents the minimum effective habitat area required for time period t.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a river, this invention simulates and calculates velocity and depth distribution maps under different flow conditions, thereby setting suitability index curves for depth and velocity, and simultaneously setting a sediment stability index to achieve a precise assessment of habitat suitability. This invention proposes to reduce the amount of water diverted from outside the river through scientific ecological scheduling, thereby improving water resource utilization efficiency, while meeting the ecological water demand of the estuary. At the same time, by promoting the infiltration of water to replenish groundwater, it further conserves regional water resources, achieving a win-win development for both ecology and economy. This invention comprehensively considers these constraints, constructs a multi-objective optimization model, and formulates a scheduling scheme that can improve allocation efficiency and enhance ecological benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water depth suitability index curve in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flow velocity suitability index curve in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a watershed ecological scheduling method based on habitat and river flow simulation coupling includes:

[0040] The protected species are identified, and based on their habits, water depth suitability index, flow velocity suitability index, and bottom sediment stability index are set. The water depth suitability index, flow velocity suitability index, and bottom sediment stability index are then combined to obtain the comprehensive suitability index.

[0041] Based on the comprehensive suitability index, effective habitats are defined;

[0042] By constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the river, we simulated and analyzed the physical habitat under different flow rates, statistically analyzed the effective habitat area under different flow rates, and established the relationship curve between flow rate and effective habitat area.

[0043] Based on the relationship curve between flow rate and effective habitat area, a watershed ecological scheduling model is established, and the watershed ecological scheduling model is solved to obtain an ecological watershed scheduling scheme.

[0044] The water depth suitability index and flow velocity suitability index are specifically set as follows:

[0045] By constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the river, the velocity distribution and water depth distribution of the protected species' habitat under different flow conditions were simulated and calculated. Based on the habits of the protected species, the habitat suitability index model was used to set the water depth suitability index curve DHSI~D and the velocity suitability index curve VHSI~V; where DHSI is the water depth suitability index; D is the water depth; VHSI is the velocity suitability index; and V is the velocity.

[0046] The expression for the sediment stability index is:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, BSSI is the bottom sediment stability index.

[0049] The expression for the comprehensive suitability index is:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, GHSI is the overall suitability index; DHSI is the water depth suitability index; VHSI is the velocity suitability index; DHSI max The maximum possible value of the water depth suitability index; VHSI max The maximum possible value of the flow velocity suitability index; BSSI is the bottom sediment stability index; BSSI max α represents the maximum possible value of the sediment stability index; α, β, and γ are all weighting coefficients.

[0052] In this embodiment, to assess the habitat suitability of protected species and determine corresponding ecological scheduling targets, the construction process is as follows:

[0053] ① Physical habitat analysis: By constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the river, we simulate and calculate the velocity distribution and water depth distribution of the protected species' habitat range under different flow conditions.

[0054] ② Suitability Index Setting: Based on the ecological habits of the protected species, water depth suitability index curves DHSI~D and flow velocity suitability index curves VHSI~V were set. The suitability curve diagram is shown below. Figure 2 , Figure 3 The specific curve needs to be set based on the actual situation of the selected protected species or obtained through experiments.

[0055] Similarly, riverbed stability is crucial for the survival of protected species. To assess riverbed stability, a sediment stability index is established, in which the mud content factor is a coefficient determined based on the mud content. The higher the mud content, the larger the factor, indicating a less stable sediment. Specific values ​​can be set based on actual conditions or obtained through experiments.

[0056] The definition of effective habitats based on the comprehensive suitability index specifically involves setting a comprehensive suitability threshold and defining habitats with a comprehensive suitability index greater than the comprehensive suitability threshold as effective habitats.

[0057] In this embodiment, based on the ecological habits of the protected species, the GHSI value is divided into different intervals, and each interval is assigned a corresponding assessment level, as follows:

[0058] GHSI ≥ 0.9: Excellent

[0059] 0.7≤GHSI<0.9: Good

[0060] 0.5≤GHSI<0.7: General

[0061] GHSI < 0.5: Poor

[0062] Based on the above assessment levels, if GHSI ≥ 0.5, it can be considered an effective habitat for the protected species.

[0063] The assessment level can be adjusted based on actual application and the species being protected.

[0064] In this embodiment, the relationship curve between flow rate and effective habitat area is established: through repeated simulation and analysis of physical habitat under different flow rates, the effective habitat area under different flow rates is statistically analyzed, and the relationship curve between flow rate Q and effective habitat area A is established.

[0065] The objective function of the watershed ecological scheduling model includes ecological scheduling objectives and ecological efficiency objectives based on habitat protection and restoration:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] Where max f1 is the ecological scheduling objective of the watershed ecological scheduling model based on habitat protection and restoration; Ts is the number of sensitive periods for the protection and restoration objectives; To protect and restore the average effective habitat area during the k-th sensitive period; A k This represents the effective habitat area during the k-th sensitive period. The average value is represented by k; k is the index of the sensitive period. The flow Q during the k-th sensitive periodk With effective habitat area A k The relationship curve; minf2 is the ecological efficiency target of the watershed ecological scheduling model; Qd j,t Let J be the water replenishment flow rate for j external water sources in time period t; J be the total number of external water sources; j be the index of the external water source; T be the total number of scheduling time periods; t be the index of the scheduling time period; and Δt be the time period step.

[0069] The constraints of the watershed ecological regulation model include: available water supply constraints, water supply flow constraints, reservoir storage constraints, reservoir outflow ecological base flow constraints, minimum inflow to the sea constraints, and minimum effective habitat constraints.

[0070] Wrs i ≤Wrin i -Wrsc i +V0 i -VT i

[0071] Wds j ≤Wdsmax j -Wdsc j

[0072] Qr i,t ≤Qrmax i,t

[0073] Qd j,t ≤Qdmax j,t

[0074] Vmin i，t ≤V i，t ≤Vmax i，t

[0075] V i,t =V i,t-1 +WI i,t -Wc i,t -Wr i,t

[0076] Qr i,t ≥Qre i,t

[0077] Qs t ≥Qse t

[0078] A t ≥A min,t

[0079] t∈T s

[0080] Among them, Wrs i The water replenishment amount for the i-th reservoir; Wrini Let Wrsc be the inflow during the i-th reservoir scheduling period; i V0 represents the water supply from outside the river during the i-th reservoir operation period. i Let VT be the initial water storage of the i-th reservoir during the scheduling period; i The required water storage capacity at the end of the i-th reservoir's operation period; Wds j The water replenishment amount for the j-th external water source; Wdsmax j Wdsc represents the maximum water supply capacity of the j-th external water source. j For the j-th external water source, the water supply volume outside the river channel; Wds j The water replenishment amount for the j-th external water source; Wdsmax j Wdsc represents the maximum water supply capacity of the j-th external water source. j For the j-th external water source, the water supply volume outside the river channel; Qr i,t Qrmax is the water replenishment flow rate for the i-th reservoir during time period t. i,t The maximum water replenishment flow of the i-th reservoir during time period t; Qd j,t The water replenishment flow rate for the j-th external water source during time period t; Qdmax j,t Vmin represents the maximum water replenishment flow rate of the j-th external water source during time period t. i，t V represents the minimum water storage constraint for the i-th reservoir during time period t; i，t Vmax represents the water storage capacity of the i-th reservoir during time period t. i，t V represents the constraint on the maximum water storage capacity of the i-th reservoir during time period t; i,t-1 Let WI be the water storage capacity of reservoir i during time period t-1; i,t Let Wc be the inflow volume of reservoir i during time period t. i,t Wr represents the water supply from outside the river channel to reservoir i during time period t. i,t Let Qre be the ecological water replenishment amount for reservoir i during time period t; i,t Let Qs be the ecological base flow of the i-th reservoir at time t; t Let Qse be the inflow rate during time period t; t Let A be the minimum inflow to the sea during time period t; t A represents the effective habitat area formed during time period t; min，t This represents the minimum effective habitat area required for time period t.

[0081] In this embodiment, the ecological efficiency target is defined as: the ecological scheduling target based on the efficient utilization of water resources.

[0082] The watershed ecological water allocation system, with the ecological water network at its core, coordinates the use of local water, reclaimed water, water diverted from the Yellow River, and water diverted from the Yangtze River to meet the water demand of the river ecosystem. However, in this process, we must also face a real problem: the cost of replenishing water resources from other regions is relatively high, which puts a certain economic pressure on long-term water resource management and sustainable development.

[0083] Ecological water replenishment should prioritize meeting the water needs of the ecosystem while exploring strategies to reduce replenishment costs and improve water resource utilization efficiency. Specifically, under the premise of satisfying the ecological water needs of the estuary, scientific ecological scheduling can, on the one hand, retain precious water resources within the river ecosystem, not only directly supporting the restoration and protection of the river ecosystem but also further conserving regional water resources by promoting water infiltration and groundwater replenishment; on the other hand, it should minimize the amount of water transferred from other regions, effectively reducing the cost of ecological water replenishment. This approach can significantly improve water resource utilization efficiency and alleviate regional water scarcity on a broader level, providing solid support for win-win ecological and economic development and promoting the long-term goal of sustainable development.

[0084] Therefore, the ecological scheduling objective based on the efficient use of water resources is clearly defined as reducing the amount of water transferred out of the river while ensuring that the ecological water volume at the estuary is met.

[0085] Determine the constraints: The constraints include the amount of water that can be replenished, the water replenishment flow rate, the reservoir capacity, the minimum ecological base flow, and the minimum effective habitat for protected species.

[0086] ① Water replenishment constraints

[0087] The amount of water replenished from each source should not exceed the available replenishment capacity of that source. The available replenishment capacity mainly considers the maximum amount of water that can be used for ecological replenishment after deducting water supply from outside the river channel. Specifically, the available replenishment capacity of external water transfer sources needs to take into account the water supply scale of the water supply project and the water supply demand of cities outside the river channel; the available replenishment capacity of local reservoirs needs to comprehensively consider the reservoir inflow at the end of the future scheduling period, the water supply demand from outside the river channel, and the reservoir's water storage at the end of the scheduling period.

[0088] ② Water supply flow constraints

[0089] The water supply flow of each water source should not exceed the flow constraint of that water source. Specifically, the water supply flow of the external water transfer source should take into account the maximum surplus water supply flow of the external water transfer project, as well as the flow capacity of the downstream river for ecological water replenishment; the water supply flow constraint of the local reservoir should take into account the flow capacity of the downstream river for ecological water replenishment.

[0090] ③ Reservoir water storage constraints

[0091] The reservoir capacity of the water replenishment reservoir at different times must meet the constraints of maximum and minimum water storage.

[0092] Solution process for watershed ecological scheduling model:

[0093] First, the boundary conditions are determined, and the water source conditions and ecological base flow are clarified. The water source conditions include the available water volume, water flow rate, and reservoir storage constraints of each water source; at the same time, the ecological base flow, minimum inflow to the sea, and minimum effective habitat are taken as key constraints.

[0094] Then, the ecological efficiency target is optimized. Based on the established water source conditions and ecological baseflow constraints, a river loss model is used to simulate the dynamic changes in river hydrological processes under different scheduling strategies, especially the evolution of water flow after infiltration replenishment, up to the seaward section. This simulation result is directly fed back to determine the amount of water replenishment from external water transfer. Subsequently, a single-objective optimization algorithm is used to adjust and optimize the scheduling scheme, striving to maximize the efficiency of water resource allocation while ensuring ecological security.

[0095] Based on the established efficiency targets, the benefit targets are optimized. The water replenishment process during the sensitive periods for protection and restoration targets is further optimized. While ensuring ecological base flow and minimum inflow to the sea, the ecological flow during sensitive periods is optimized to meet the habitat environment requirements during the sensitive periods for protecting the targets.

[0096] Meanwhile, the model incorporates the topological relationship of water flow replenishment between various water sources, expanding from the optimal scheduling of a single reservoir to the joint optimal scheduling of the entire watershed. The water replenishment between water sources adopts a centralized water transfer strategy to meet the requirements of scheduling management and water collection efficiency.

Claims

1. A watershed ecological regulation method based on habitat and river flow simulation coupling, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: determining a protected species, setting a water depth suitability index, a flow velocity suitability index and a bottom stability index according to the habits of the protected species, and synthesizing the water depth suitability index, the flow velocity suitability index and the bottom stability index to obtain a comprehensive suitability index; defining an effective habitat according to the comprehensive suitability index; the definition of the effective habitat according to the comprehensive suitability index specifically comprises: setting a comprehensive suitability threshold, and defining a habitat with a comprehensive suitability index greater than the comprehensive suitability threshold as an effective habitat; simulating and analyzing physical habitats under different flow rates by constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a river, counting the areas of the effective habitats under different flow rates, and establishing a relationship curve between the flow rates and the areas of the effective habitats; establishing a watershed ecological regulation model according to the relationship curve between the flow rates and the areas of the effective habitats, solving the watershed ecological regulation model, and obtaining an ecological watershed regulation scheme; the objective function of the watershed ecological regulation model comprises an ecological regulation target based on habitat protection and restoration and an ecological efficiency target; in, The ecological scheduling objective of the watershed ecological scheduling model is based on habitat protection and restoration; To protect and restore the number of sensitive periods for the target; To protect and restore the target Average area of ​​effective habitat during each sensitive period; For the first Effective habitat area during each sensitive period; This is the average value; For sensitive period index; For the first Traffic during sensitive periods With effective habitat area The relationship curve between the two curves; The ecological efficiency target of the watershed ecological scheduling model; for The first external water source Water replenishment flow rate during specific time periods; This represents the total number of water sources transferred from outside the region. For indexing external water sources; This represents the total number of scheduling periods; Index for scheduling periods; The time interval step; the constraint conditions of the watershed ecological regulation model comprise a replenishable water amount constraint, a replenish water flow constraint, a reservoir storage amount constraint, a reservoir released ecological base flow constraint, a minimum inflow to the sea constraint and a minimum effective habitat constraint; wherein, is the water supply amount of the nth reservoir; is the water supply amount of the nth reservoir; is the inflow amount of the nth reservoir during the dispatch period; is the inflow amount of the nth reservoir during the dispatch period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the dispatch period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the dispatch period; is the initial storage amount of the nth reservoir during the dispatch period; is the initial storage amount of the nth reservoir during the dispatch period; is the final storage amount control requirement of the nth reservoir during the dispatch period; is the final storage amount control requirement of the nth reservoir during the dispatch period; is the water supply amount of the nth external water source; is the water supply amount of the nth external water source; is the maximum water supply scale of the nth external water source; is the maximum water supply scale of the nth external water source; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth external water source; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth external water source; is the water supply amount of the nth external water source; is the water supply amount of the nth external water source; is the maximum water supply scale of the nth external water source; is the maximum water supply scale of the nth external water source; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth external water source; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth external water source; is the water supply flow of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the water supply flow of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the maximum water supply flow of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the maximum water supply flow of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the water supply flow of the nth external water source during the nth period; is the water supply flow of the nth external water source during the nth period; is the maximum water supply flow of the nth external water source during the nth period; is the maximum water supply flow of the nth external water source during the nth period; is the minimum storage amount constraint of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the storage amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the maximum storage amount constraint of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the storage amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the inflow amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; is the out-of-channel water supply amount of the nth reservoir during the nth period; Reservoir ecological water supplement amount of the period; For the ecological base flow of the reservoir period; For the sea inflow of the period; For the minimum sea inflow of the period; For the effective habitat area formed in the period; For minimum effective habitat area required in the period.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, the setting of the water depth suitability index and the flow velocity suitability index specifically comprises: By constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the river, the flow velocity distribution map and the water depth distribution map of the habitat range of the protected species under different flow conditions are simulated and calculated, and based on the habits of the protected species, the water depth suitability index curve DHSI~D and the flow velocity suitability index curve VHSI~V are set by using the habitat suitability index model, wherein, is the water depth suitability index; D is the water depth; is the flow velocity suitability index; V is the flow velocity.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, the expression of the bottom stability index is: wherein, is the substrate stability index.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, the expression of the comprehensive suitability index is: wherein, is a comprehensive suitability index; is a water depth suitability index; is a flow velocity suitability index; is a maximum possible value for the water depth suitability index; is a maximum possible value for the flow velocity suitability index; is a bottom stability index; is a maximum possible value for the bottom stability index; , and are weighting factors.

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