A high-efficiency fuel cell combined heat and power system

Abstract

The present invention proposes a high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system, which belongs to the field of energy utilization and energy conservation and emission reduction, and is intended to provide electricity and heat energy at the same time to meet the energy needs of buildings and industrial facilities. The system includes a hydrogen production device, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen ejector, a hydrogen recovery device, an air compressor, a humidifier, a fuel cell, a radiator, a water pump, an insulation water tank and a control system module. The system is based on two operating modes: heat-to-electricity and electricity-to-heat, and flexibly adjusts the operating state of the fuel cell. It provides a high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system with significant economic and environmental benefits, which is suitable for various energy demand scenarios and has broad application prospects. Through the implementation of the present invention, it is possible to effectively improve energy utilization efficiency and promote the widespread application of renewable energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to fuel cell technology, in particular to a fuel cell system for combined heat and power generation, and belongs to the field of energy utilization and energy conservation and emission reduction. Specifically, the present invention relates to an integrated energy system combining hydrogen production, storage, utilization and thermal management, which is suitable for a variety of energy demand scenarios, especially in buildings and industrial facilities. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for renewable and clean energy continues to increase, fuel cells have attracted widespread attention due to their high efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristics. Fuel cell systems can directly convert the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy, with the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency and low emissions. However, traditional fuel cell systems mainly focus on the output of electrical energy, often ignoring the recovery and utilization of thermal energy, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency.

[0003] In buildings and industrial facilities, the demand for electricity and heat is often independent of each other, resulting in a waste of resources. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop an efficient combined heat and power system that can meet the demand for both electricity and heat. In the prior art, although there are some combined heat and power systems, most of them have problems such as inflexible control, low energy efficiency, and complex systems, and cannot meet the diverse energy needs of modern users. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, in order to solve the problems of inflexible control, low energy efficiency, complex system, etc. in the heating and power supply of fuel cell systems, which cannot meet the diversified energy needs of modern users, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system, which makes full use of heat, hydrogen energy and electric energy to achieve cascade utilization of energy. By constructing a fuel cell cogeneration system integrating hydrogen production, storage, utilization and thermal management, the efficient utilization of electric energy and heat energy is achieved to meet the diversified needs of users.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an efficient fuel cell cogeneration system, comprising a hydrogen production device, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen ejector, a hydrogen recovery device, an air compressor, a humidifier, a fuel cell, a radiator, a water pump and a heat preservation water tank;

[0006] The hydrogen production device, the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen ejector and the cathode of the fuel cell are connected in sequence, the inlet of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the cathode outlet of the fuel cell to recover the remaining hydrogen, and the outlet of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage device to store the recovered hydrogen again;

[0007] The air compressor and humidifier are connected to the anode of the fuel cell in sequence, the fuel cell is connected to the radiator inlet, the radiator takes away the heat generated by the fuel cell through cooling water to ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell, the radiator outlet is connected to the inlet of the cooling water pump, the outlet of the cooling water pump is connected to the inlet of the insulation water tank, and the heat collected by the radiator is stored in the insulation water tank.

[0008] Furthermore, the insulated water tank delivers hot water to the user group through a user water pump.

[0009] Furthermore, the high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system also includes a control system, which is based on the overall control of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cogeneration system, including temperature control of the fuel cell stack and temperature control of the hot water storage tank, so that the fuel cell stack can operate within an appropriate temperature range. Based on the system thermal / electrical multi-parameter matching principle, the system is controlled in the face of fluctuating power demand to realize the energy system heat source cascade utilization strategy.

[0010] Furthermore, the hydrogen production device utilizes solar energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

[0011] Furthermore, the humidifier can adjust the amount of water vapor added according to the ambient humidity to meet the optimal operating conditions of the fuel cell.

[0012] Furthermore, the air humidified by the humidifier enters from the anode inlet of the fuel cell and flows out from the anode outlet of the fuel cell.

[0013] Furthermore, the radiator removes the heat generated by the fuel cell through cooling water.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system described in the present invention are:

[0015] 1. The present invention can provide electrical energy and thermal energy at the same time, making full use of the power generation and heat generation characteristics of fuel cells, and significantly improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0016] 2. Through the intelligent adjustment of the control module, the system can flexibly switch between the two operating modes of heat-to-electricity and electricity-to-heat according to user needs, optimize energy distribution, and reduce operating costs.

[0017] 3. The system design of the present invention includes a hydrogen recovery device, which effectively reduces the loss of hydrogen, improves the overall efficiency, and reduces the cost of hydrogen production.

[0018] 4. The present invention can adapt to different environmental conditions through the adjustment of the humidifier, ensuring that the fuel cell can operate efficiently in various climates and has a wide range of applications.

[0019] 5. The design of the present invention is in line with the concept of sustainable development, can effectively reduce energy waste and greenhouse gas emissions, and promote the application of green energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the control system module of the present invention;

[0023] In the figure: 1-hydrogen production device, 2-hydrogen storage device, 3-hydrogen ejector, 4-hydrogen recovery device, 5-air compressor, 6-humidifier, 7-fuel cell, 8-radiator, 9-cooling water pump, 10-insulation water tank, 11-user water pump, 12-user group, 13-control system module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict, and the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0025] See also Figure 1-2 The present embodiment is described as a high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system, 1. comprising a hydrogen production device 1, a hydrogen storage device 2, a hydrogen ejector 3, a hydrogen recovery device 4, an air compressor 5, a humidifier 6, a fuel cell 7, a radiator 8, a water pump 9 and an insulated water tank 10; the various parts are connected by a pipeline system, and the system can achieve coordinated output of electrical energy and thermal energy.

[0026] The hydrogen production device 1, the hydrogen storage device 2, the hydrogen ejector 3 and the cathode of the fuel cell 7 are connected in sequence, the inlet of the hydrogen recovery device 4 is connected to the cathode outlet of the fuel cell 7 to recover the remaining hydrogen, and the outlet of the hydrogen recovery device 4 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage device 2 to store the recovered hydrogen again;

[0027] The air compressor 5 and the humidifier 6 are connected to the anode of the fuel cell 7 in sequence. The fuel cell 7 is connected to the radiator inlet 8. The radiator 8 takes away the heat generated by the fuel cell 7 through cooling water to ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell 7. The outlet of the radiator 8 is connected to the inlet of the cooling water pump 9. The outlet of the cooling water pump 9 is connected to the inlet of the thermal insulation water tank 9 to store the heat collected by the radiator 8 in the thermal insulation water tank 10.

[0028] The hydrogen production device 1 utilizes solar energy electrolysis to produce hydrogen and adopts water electrolysis technology, which can efficiently produce hydrogen, improve energy utilization, and achieve zero carbon emissions.

[0029] The hydrogen production device 1 is connected to the hydrogen storage device 2 to store the produced hydrogen for use by the fuel cell 7 .

[0030] The hydrogen storage device 2 is connected to the hydrogen ejector 3 , and the hydrogen ejector 3 is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell 7 through a pipeline to deliver hydrogen into the fuel cell 7 .

[0031] The hydrogen ejector 3 is used to introduce hydrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell 7, and to recover the remaining hydrogen through the hydrogen recovery device 4. The hydrogen recovery device 4 can effectively reduce the loss of hydrogen and improve the overall efficiency of the system.

[0032] The inlet of the hydrogen recovery device 4 is connected to the cathode outlet of the fuel cell 7 to recover the remaining hydrogen, and the outlet of the hydrogen recovery device 4 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage device 2 to store the recovered hydrogen again.

[0033] The air compressor 5 is connected to the humidifier 6, and the air compressor 5 is used to compress the air and send it to the humidifier 6 to humidify the air in the environment and improve the reaction efficiency in the fuel cell 7. The humidified air enters the anode of the fuel cell 7, and the humidifier 6 can adjust the amount of water vapor added according to the ambient humidity to meet the optimal operating conditions of the fuel cell.

[0034] The humidifier 6 is connected to the anode of the fuel cell 7, and the humidified air enters from the anode inlet of the fuel cell and flows out from the anode outlet.

[0035] The inlet and outlet of the coolant channel of the fuel cell 7 are connected to the outlet and inlet of the radiator 8 respectively. The radiator 8 takes away the heat generated by the fuel cell 7 through cooling water to ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell 7. The purpose of the connection is that the cooling water continuously flows through the stack through the circulating water pump. The cooling water has two main functions: one is to absorb the heat in the stack as a medium and take it out, and the other is to make the temperature inside the stack uniform to avoid excessive local temperature. There are special cooling channels inside the fuel cell stack, which are located outside the battery unit or between the plates. The coolant flows through these channels and directly takes away the generated heat.

[0036] The outlet of the radiator 8 is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation water pump 9 , and the outlet of the heat dissipation water pump 9 is connected to the inlet of the thermal insulation water tank 9 , so that the heat collected by the radiator 8 is stored in the thermal insulation water tank 10 .

[0037] The insulated water tank 10 delivers hot water to the user group 12 through the user water pump 11. The insulated water tank 10 reuses the waste heat generated in the fuel cell 7, thereby realizing efficient storage and utilization of the system waste heat.

[0038] The user group 12 includes residences, commercial buildings and industrial facilities. The fuel cell 7 can flexibly adjust the system operation mode according to the electricity and heat demands of different users to provide electricity and heat energy for the user group 12.

[0039] The control module 13 can select two operation modes, namely, heat-to-electricity and electricity-to-heat, according to user needs, and adjust the output of the fuel cell to achieve the best energy utilization efficiency. The control module is a pid controller.

[0040] The control system 13 is based on the overall control of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cogeneration system, mainly including the temperature control of the fuel cell stack and the temperature control of the insulation water tank 10, which can make the stack operate within an appropriate temperature range. Based on the system thermal / electrical multi-parameter matching principle, the system is controlled in the face of fluctuating power demand to realize the energy system heat source cascade utilization strategy.

[0041] The control module 13 has real-time monitoring and feedback functions, and can automatically adjust the system operation status according to load changes and optimize energy distribution.

[0042] The control module 13 improves the efficiency, robustness and economy of the polygeneration integrated energy system according to the multi-objective optimization operation strategy of different solar loads, different heat demands and multi-route fuel cell systems.

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. According to the content of this specification, many modifications and changes can be made. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system, characterized by: It comprises a hydrogen production device (1), a hydrogen storage device (2), a hydrogen ejector (3), a hydrogen recovery device (4), an air compressor (5), a humidifier (6), a fuel cell (7), a radiator (8), a water pump (9) and a heat preservation water tank (10); The hydrogen production device (1), the hydrogen storage device (2), the hydrogen ejector (3) and the cathode inlet end of the fuel cell (7) are connected in sequence, the inlet of the hydrogen recovery device (4) is connected to the cathode outlet end of the fuel cell (7) to recover the remaining hydrogen, and the outlet of the hydrogen recovery device (4) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage device (2) to store the recovered hydrogen again; The air compressor (5) and the humidifier (6) are connected to the anode of the fuel cell (7) in sequence. The fuel cell (7) is connected to the inlet of the radiator (8). The radiator (8) removes the heat generated by the fuel cell (7) through cooling water to ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell (7). The outlet of the radiator (8) is connected to the inlet of a heat dissipation water pump (9). The outlet of the heat dissipation water pump (9) is connected to the inlet of a heat preservation water tank (10) to store the heat collected by the radiator (8) in the heat preservation water tank (10).

2. The high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulated water tank (10) delivers hot water to a user group (12) via a user water pump (11).

3. The high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system also includes a control system (13). The control system (13) is based on the overall control of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cogeneration system, including temperature control of the fuel cell (7) stack and temperature control of the insulation water tank (10), so that the stack can operate within a suitable temperature range. Based on the system thermal / electrical multi-parameter matching principle, the system is controlled in the face of fluctuating power demand, thereby realizing the energy system heat source cascade utilization strategy.

4. The high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen production device (1) utilizes solar energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

5. The high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humidifier (6) can adjust the amount of water vapor added according to the ambient humidity to meet the optimal operating conditions of the fuel cell (7).

6. The high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air humidified by the humidifier (6) enters from the anode inlet of the fuel cell (7) and flows out from the anode outlet of the fuel cell (7).

7. The high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiator (8) removes the heat generated by the fuel cell (7) through cooling water.

8. The high-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell (7) can flexibly adjust the operation mode of the system according to the electricity demand and heat demand of different users, thereby providing electricity and heat energy for the user group (12).

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