A hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on a fuel cell simulator

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on a stack simulator. The stack simulator simulates its working characteristics by integrating multiple components, including a gas consumption system, a stack power generation system, a stack heat generation system, etc. The gas consumption system is used to simulate the consumption of gas entering the stack on the anode side and the cathode side when the stack is actually working; the stack power generation system is connected to the input end of the DC / DC through the output end of the constant voltage source, and the DC / DC output end is connected to the lithium battery, and the power generation is calculated by the change of the lithium battery SOC; the stack heat generation system uses PTC heating to simulate the heat generation of the fuel cell system at different powers. In addition to the stack simulator, the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system also includes a hydrogen and air supply subsystem, a water thermal management subsystem and an electrical control system. The present invention uses air to simulate the entry of hydrogen into the stack to ensure the safety of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell power generation systems, and the present invention relates to a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on a fuel cell simulator. Background Art

[0002] At present, hydrogen fuel cell systems are mainly composed of hydrogen supply system, air supply system, fuel cell stack, water heat management system and electronic control system. Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity, heat and water through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0003] Since hydrogen molecules are small in mass and easy to diffuse, and are also flammable gases, the sealing of the connecting pipes of the entire system equipment must be strictly tested to ensure safety. However, the preparation time for the test is long and difficult, making it difficult for universities or companies to conduct research on fuel cell systems.

[0004] The current testing methods for fuel cell power generation systems mainly include integration testing and subsystem testing. Integration testing requires a high-quality test plant, which limits the research and development of fuel cells; while subsystem testing cannot accurately simulate the physical state of the system at work, such as power generation and heat generation, and it is difficult to simulate the power consumption of external devices. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on a stack simulator, which uses air as the air intake source on the anode side to avoid the risk factors of using hydrogen, and proposes a design method for a stack simulator to replace the actual stack, so that researchers can better develop and control the fuel cell system.

[0006] The technical solution to achieve the purpose of the present invention is:

[0007] A hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on a stack simulator, comprising:

[0008] Simulate the hydrogen supply subsystem, using air instead of hydrogen as the anode side intake source to simulate the anode side intake pressure and temperature when the hydrogen fuel cell is working;

[0009] The air supply subsystem is used to simulate the intake pressure and temperature on the cathode side of the hydrogen fuel cell when it is working;

[0010] The water thermal management subsystem is used to simulate the thermal management status of the system when the hydrogen fuel cell is working;

[0011] The electronic control system is connected to the simulated hydrogen supply subsystem, air supply subsystem, water thermal management subsystem and stack simulator to control each component;

[0012] The stack simulator consists of a gas consumption system, a stack power generation system, a stack heat generation system, and a cathode and anode water generation systems;

[0013] The gas consumption system is used to simulate the consumption of gas entering the stack on the anode side and the cathode side when the stack is actually working;

[0014] The stack power generation system is used to simulate the power generation of the stack when it is working;

[0015] The stack heat generation system is used to simulate the heat generation of the fuel cell system at different powers. It consists of a water channel temperature simulation module and a cathode and anode temperature simulation modules.

[0016] The anode and cathode side water generation system is used to simulate the volume of water generated on the anode side and the cathode side when the hydrogen fuel cell is working. It consists of a diaphragm pump, a water evaporator and a water tank. The water tank, the diaphragm pump and the water evaporator are connected in sequence. The diaphragm pump draws water from the water tank and sends it to the water evaporator. The water evaporator vaporizes the water and sends it into the flow channel to simulate the generation of water.

[0017] In the preferred technical solution, the simulated hydrogen supply subsystem is composed of a flow meter, an air compressor, a shut-off valve, a circulation pump, a gas-liquid separator and a proportional valve. The flow meter, air compressor, shut-off valve and proportional valve are connected in sequence. The circulation pump is connected to the gas-liquid separator. The liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator is discharged through a muffler, and the separated gas enters the system again through the circulation pump. Air is used instead of hydrogen on the intake side as the anode intake source.

[0018] In the preferred technical solution, the air supply subsystem is composed of a chemical air filter, a flow meter, an air compressor, a humidifier, a back pressure valve, a muffler and an intercooler. The flow meter, the air compressor, the intercooler and the humidifier are connected in sequence, and another part of the pipeline of the humidifier is connected to the back pressure valve and the muffler. The gas compressed by the air compressor is cooled by the intercooler, and then the humidifier is used to humidify the gas entering the stack.

[0019] In the preferred technical solution, the gas consumption system is composed of a back pressure valve, a condenser, a water storage tank, a flow meter and a proportional valve. The back pressure valve, condenser, water storage tank, flow meter and proportional valve are connected in sequence. Part of the air compressed by the air compressor is condensed through the condenser. After condensation, the water enters the water storage tank. The gas with water vapor removed passes through the flow meter and then is discharged through the proportional valve to simulate the air consumption. The air consumption is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the proportional valve.

[0020] In the preferred technical solution, the volume flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen consumed when the hydrogen fuel cell is working is:

[0021]

[0022] in, is the hydrogen flow rate, unit is L / min; is the oxygen flow rate, unit L / min; R std is the gas constant under standard working conditions; is the hydrogen pressure, unit is Pa; is the oxygen pressure, in Pa; ΔH is the enthalpy of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen; η is the power generation efficiency; T is the operating temperature, in K; P set To set the power generation value, the unit is KW.

[0023] In the preferred technical solution, the stack power generation system is composed of a DC / DC, a lithium battery, a constant voltage source and a constant current source, and the constant voltage source, DC / DC, lithium battery and constant current source are connected in sequence, wherein the DC / DC is used to request the current value of the stack simulator, and according to the actual working condition of the stack, the relationship between the stack voltage U and the current I is: U=f(I); the constant voltage source is used to simulate the voltage value under real working conditions as the input of the DC / DC, and the output end of the DC / DC is connected to the lithium battery, and the power generation of the fuel cell is obtained by changing the available capacity of the lithium battery, and the lithium battery is connected through a constant current source to simulate the load, so that the hydrogen fuel cell can supply power to the outside while generating electricity; the DC / DC, constant voltage source and constant current source are all connected and controlled to the electronic control system through CAN.

[0024] In the preferred technical solution, the water circuit temperature simulation module of the fuel cell stack heat generation system is composed of a PTC and a water storage tank, and the PTC is connected to the water storage tank, and the heat generation in the system is simulated by using a liquid heater PTC; the anode and cathode side temperature simulation module is composed of a water tank, a PTC, a water pump, a fan and an intercooler, and the water tank, fan, PTC and intercooler are connected, and the water in the module is circulated by increasing the power of the water pump, and the PTC is used to heat the water, and the intercooler performs heat exchange with the anode and cathode sides to simulate the temperature of the anode and cathode sides when the fuel cell stack is actually working.

[0025] In the preferred technical solution, the rate of water generation is adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the diaphragm pump, and the different water productions on the cathode side and the anode side are adjusted;

[0026] The mass of water produced on the cathode and anode sides of a hydrogen fuel cell when it is working is:

[0027]

[0028] in, is the mass of water produced, in g, P set To set the power generation value, the unit is KW, ΔH is the enthalpy of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and η is the power generation efficiency.

[0029] In the preferred technical solution, the volume flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen consumed in the gas consumption system is achieved by controlling the opening of the proportional valve through incremental PID, and the formula is as follows:

[0030] PCV_Duty=k p ·[e(k)-e(k-1)]+k i ·e(k)+k d ·[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)]

[0031] Where PCV_Duty is the opening of the proportional valve, e(k) is the error between the expected value and the actual value at time k, e(k-1) and e(k-2) are the errors between the expected value and the actual value at time k-1 and k-2 respectively; k p , k i and k d are the proportional, integral and differential coefficients respectively;

[0032] The quality of the produced water is achieved by controlling the speed of the diaphragm pump through CAN communication. The formula is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] in, is the quality of water; n DFP is the rotation speed of the diaphragm pump, and f() is the functional relationship obtained from the test.

[0035] In the preferred technical solution, the water thermal management subsystem is composed of a water tank, a fan, a PTC, an electronic three-way valve and a water pump, and the fan, water tank, PTC and water pump are connected in sequence.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0037] The stack simulator proposed in the present invention can more specifically simulate the water production and gas consumption of the anode and cathode when the fuel cell is working, and by adjusting components such as the shut-off valve, proportional valve and air compressor, it can simulate the pressure and temperature of the air inlet and outlet ends of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system in a real state. At the same time, in conjunction with a constant voltage and constant current source, DC / DC and a lithium battery, it can better simulate the system's power generation and external power supply functions.

[0038] Using air as the air intake source on the anode side avoids the risk factors of using hydrogen, and uses air to simulate the entry of hydrogen into the stack to ensure the safety of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 This is the principle block diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on the stack simulator;

[0040] Figure 2Schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on a stack simulator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The principle of the present invention is: using air as the air intake source on the anode side avoids the risk factors of using hydrogen, and proposes a design method for a fuel cell simulator to replace the actual fuel cell, so that researchers can better develop and control the fuel cell system.

[0042] Embodiment 1:

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on a stack simulator, wherein the stack simulator simulates its working characteristics by integrating multiple components, including a gas consumption system, a stack power generation system, a stack heat generation system, etc. The gas consumption system is used to simulate the consumption of gas entering the stack on the anode side and the cathode side when the stack is actually working; the stack power generation system is connected to the input end of the DC / DC through the output end of the constant voltage source, and the DC / DC output end is connected to the lithium battery, and the power generation is calculated by the change of the lithium battery SOC; the stack heat generation system uses PTC heating to simulate the heat generation of the fuel cell system at different powers. In addition to the stack simulator, the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system also includes a hydrogen and air supply subsystem, a water thermal management subsystem and an electrical control system. The present invention uses air to simulate the entry of hydrogen into the stack to ensure the safety of the system.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on a stack simulator comprises:

[0045] The simulated hydrogen supply subsystem is used to simulate the intake pressure and temperature of the anode side when the hydrogen fuel cell is working. It consists of a flow meter, an air compressor, a shut-off valve, a circulation pump, a gas-liquid separator and a proportional valve. The flow meter, the air compressor, the shut-off valve and the proportional valve are connected in sequence, and the circulation pump is connected to the gas-liquid separator. The liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator is discharged through the muffler, and the separated gas re-enters the system through the circulation pump. The intake side uses air instead of hydrogen as the anode intake source.

[0046] The air supply subsystem is used to simulate the intake pressure and temperature of the cathode side when the hydrogen fuel cell is working. It consists of a chemical air filter, a flow meter, an air compressor, a humidifier, a back pressure valve, a muffler and an intercooler. The flow meter, the air compressor, the intercooler are connected to the humidifier, and the humidifier is connected to the back pressure valve and the muffler. Another part of the humidifier pipeline is connected to the back pressure valve and the muffler. The gas compressed by the air compressor is cooled by the intercooler, and then the humidifier is used to humidify the gas entering the stack.

[0047] The water thermal management subsystem is used to simulate the thermal management of the system when the hydrogen fuel cell is working. It consists of a water tank, a fan, a PTC and a water pump. The fan is connected to the water tank, the PTC and the water pump.

[0048] The electronic control system is used to control various components in the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system.

[0049] The fuel cell simulator consists of a gas consumption system, a fuel cell power generation system, a fuel cell heat generation system, and anode and cathode side aquatic systems.

[0050] The above-mentioned fuel cell simulator includes a gas consumption system, a fuel cell power generation system, a fuel cell heat generation system and anode and cathode water generation systems. The gas consumption system is used to simulate the consumption of gas entering the stack on the anode and cathode sides when the fuel cell is actually working. First, part of the air compressed by the air compressor is condensed through the condenser. The purpose of condensation is to remove excess water vapor in the air and improve the accuracy of subsequent flow meter measurements. After condensation, the water enters the water storage tank. The gas with water vapor removed passes through the flow meter and is discharged through the proportional valve to simulate air consumption. The air consumption can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the proportional valve. Figure 2 shown.

[0051] The volume flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen consumed when the hydrogen fuel cell is working is:

[0052]

[0053] in is the hydrogen flow rate, unit is L / min; is the oxygen flow rate, unit L / min; R std is the gas constant under standard working conditions, R std =8.314, unit J / (K·mol); is the hydrogen pressure, unit is Pa; is the oxygen pressure, unit Pa; ΔH is the enthalpy of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, ΔH=242, unit KJ / mol; η is the power generation efficiency, η=50%; T is the operating temperature, unit K; P set To set the power generation value, the unit is KW.

[0054] The anode-cathode water generation system is used to simulate the generation of water on the cathode and anode sides of the stack. It consists of a water tank, a diaphragm pump, and a water evaporator. The diaphragm pump draws water from the water tank and sends it to the water evaporator. The water evaporator vaporizes the water and sends it to the flow channel to simulate the generation of water. By adjusting the speed of the diaphragm pump, the rate of water generation can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the different water production on the cathode and anode sides.

[0055] The mass of water produced on the cathode and anode sides of a hydrogen fuel cell when it is working is:

[0056]

[0057] in, is the mass of water produced, in g.

[0058] The specific volume flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen consumption is achieved by increasing the PID to control the opening of the proportional valve, while the output water is achieved by controlling the speed of the diaphragm pump through CAN communication. The formula is as follows:

[0059] PCV_Duty=k p ·[e(k)-e(k-1)]+k i ·e(k)+k d ·[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)]

[0060] Where PCV_Duty is the opening of the proportional valve; e(k) is the error between the expected value and the actual value at time k, e(k-1) and e(k-2) are the same as above; k p , k i and k d are the proportional, integral and differential coefficients respectively.

[0061]

[0062] in, is the quality of water; n DFP is the rotation speed of the diaphragm pump, and f() is the functional relationship between them, which is obtained based on actual tests.

[0063] The battery stack power generation system is used to simulate the power generation of the battery stack when it is working. It consists of a DC / DC, a lithium battery, a constant voltage source and a constant current source. The constant voltage source, DC / DC, lithium battery and constant current source are connected in sequence.

[0064] The DC / DC is used to request the power generation current value of the battery stack simulator. According to the actual working conditions of the battery stack, U=f(I), which is the relationship between the battery stack voltage and current.

[0065] The constant voltage source is used to simulate the voltage value under real working conditions as the input of DC / DC, and the output of DC / DC is connected to the lithium battery. The power generation of the fuel cell can be obtained through the change of the available capacity of the lithium battery. The lithium battery is connected through a constant current source to simulate the load, so that the hydrogen fuel cell can supply power to the outside while generating electricity.

[0066] As a discharge source, lithium batteries can quickly load large currents, avoiding direct output to the power supply through fuel cells, thus protecting the service life of the battery stack.

[0067] In this subsystem, the DC / DC, constant voltage source and constant current source are all controlled through CAN.

[0068] The stack heat generation system is used to simulate the heat generation of the fuel cell system at different powers. It consists of a water circuit temperature simulation module and a cathode and cathode temperature simulation module. The water circuit temperature simulation module consists of a PTC and a water storage tank. The PTC is connected to the water storage tank. The heat generation in the system is simulated by using a liquid heater PTC. If the power generation efficiency is 50%, the heat generation power is 50%, that is, the heat generation power of the PTC is equal to the power generation power of the stack.

[0069] The anode and cathode temperature simulation module consists of a water tank, a PTC, a water pump, a fan and an intercooler. The water tank, the fan, the PTC and the intercooler are connected in sequence. The water in the module is circulated by the water pump to increase the power. The PTC is used to heat the water. The intercooler exchanges heat with the anode and cathode sides to simulate the temperature of the anode and cathode sides when the battery stack is actually working.

[0070] The electronic control system is used to control the various components in the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. Some of the components use CAN for communication, and the other parts are connected to the input and output IO of the hydrogen fuel cell controller FCU. The power supply of each component is supplied by the FCU.

[0071] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement modes and shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on a stack simulator, characterized in that: include: Simulate the hydrogen supply subsystem, using air instead of hydrogen as the anode side intake source to simulate the anode side intake pressure and temperature when the hydrogen fuel cell is working; The air supply subsystem is used to simulate the intake pressure and temperature on the cathode side of the hydrogen fuel cell when it is working; The water thermal management subsystem is used to simulate the thermal management status of the system when the hydrogen fuel cell is working; The electronic control system is connected to the simulated hydrogen supply subsystem, air supply subsystem, water thermal management subsystem and stack simulator to control each component; The stack simulator consists of a gas consumption system, a stack power generation system, a stack heat generation system, and a cathode and anode water generation systems; The gas consumption system is used to simulate the consumption of gas entering the stack on the anode side and the cathode side when the stack is actually working; The stack power generation system is used to simulate the power generation of the stack when it is working; The stack heat generation system is used to simulate the heat generation of the fuel cell system at different powers. It consists of a water channel temperature simulation module and a cathode and anode temperature simulation modules. The anode and cathode side water generation system is used to simulate the volume of water generated on the anode side and the cathode side when the hydrogen fuel cell is working. It consists of a diaphragm pump, a water evaporator and a water tank. The water tank, the diaphragm pump and the water evaporator are connected in sequence. The diaphragm pump draws water from the water tank and sends it to the water evaporator. The water evaporator vaporizes the water and sends it into the flow channel to simulate the generation of water.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on the stack simulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The simulated hydrogen supply subsystem consists of a flow meter, an air compressor, a shut-off valve, a circulation pump, a gas-liquid separator and a proportional valve. The flow meter, air compressor, shut-off valve and proportional valve are connected in sequence. The circulation pump is connected to the gas-liquid separator. The liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator is discharged through a muffler, and the separated gas re-enters the system through the circulation pump. Air is used instead of hydrogen as the anode intake source on the intake side.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on the stack simulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air supply subsystem is composed of a chemical air filter, a flow meter, an air compressor, a humidifier, a back pressure valve, a muffler and an intercooler. The flow meter, the air compressor, the intercooler and the humidifier are connected in sequence. Another part of the pipeline of the humidifier is connected to the back pressure valve and the muffler. The gas compressed by the air compressor is cooled by the intercooler, and then the humidifier is used to humidify the gas entering the stack.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on the stack simulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas consumption system is composed of a back pressure valve, a condenser, a water storage tank, a flow meter and a proportional valve. The back pressure valve, condenser, water storage tank, flow meter and proportional valve are connected in sequence. Part of the air compressed by the air compressor is condensed through the condenser. After condensation, the water enters the water storage tank. The gas with water vapor removed passes through the flow meter and then is discharged through the proportional valve to simulate the air consumption. The air consumption is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the proportional valve.

5. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on the stack simulator according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The volume flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen consumed when the hydrogen fuel cell is working is: Among them, Q V_H2 Q is the hydrogen flow rate, unit L / min; V_O2 is the oxygen flow rate, unit L / min; R std is the gas constant under standard working conditions; P H2 is the hydrogen pressure, unit is Pa; P O2 is the oxygen pressure, in Pa; ΔH is the enthalpy of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen; η is the power generation efficiency; T is the operating temperature, in K; P set To set the power generation value, the unit is KW.

6. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on the stack simulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The stack power generation system consists of a DC / DC, a lithium battery, a constant voltage source and a constant current source, wherein the constant voltage source, DC / DC, lithium battery and constant current source are connected in sequence, wherein the DC / DC is used to request the current value of the stack simulator, and according to the actual working condition of the stack, the relationship between the stack voltage U and the current I is: U=f(I); the constant voltage source is used to simulate the voltage value under real working conditions as the input of the DC / DC, and the output end of the DC / DC is connected to the lithium battery, and the power generation of the fuel cell is obtained by the change of the available capacity of the lithium battery, and the lithium battery is connected through a constant current source to simulate the load, so that the hydrogen fuel cell can supply power to the outside while generating electricity; the DC / DC, constant voltage source and constant current source are all connected and controlled to the electronic control system through CAN.

7. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on the stack simulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water circuit temperature simulation module of the fuel cell stack heat generation system is composed of a PTC and a water storage tank, and the PTC is connected to the water storage tank, and the heat generation in the system is simulated by using a liquid heater PTC; the anode and cathode side temperature simulation module is composed of a water tank, a PTC, a water pump, a fan and an intercooler, and the water tank, the fan, the PTC and the intercooler are connected, and the water in the module is circulated by increasing the power of the water pump, the PTC is used to heat the water, and the intercooler performs heat exchange with the anode and cathode sides to simulate the temperature of the anode and cathode sides when the fuel cell stack is actually working.

8. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on the stack simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rate of water generation is adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the diaphragm pump, and the different water production on the cathode side and the anode side is adjusted; The mass of water produced on the cathode and anode sides of a hydrogen fuel cell when it is working is: in, is the mass of water produced, in g, P set To set the power generation value, the unit is KW, ΔH is the enthalpy of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and η is the power generation efficiency.

9. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on the stack simulator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The volume flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen consumed in the gas consumption system is achieved by increasing the PID control of the opening of the proportional valve, and the formula is as follows: PCV_Duty=k p ·[e(k)-e(k-1)]+k i ·e(k)+k d ·[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)] Where PCV_Duty is the opening of the proportional valve, e(k) is the error between the expected value and the actual value at time k, e(k-1) and e(k-2) are the errors between the expected value and the actual value at time k-1 and k-2 respectively; k p , k i and k d are the proportional, integral and differential coefficients respectively; The quality of the produced water is achieved by controlling the speed of the diaphragm pump through CAN communication. The formula is as follows: in, is the quality of water; n DFP is the rotation speed of the diaphragm pump, and f() is the functional relationship obtained from the test.

10. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system based on the stack simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water thermal management subsystem is composed of a water tank, a fan, a PTC, an electronic three-way valve and a water pump, and the fan, the water tank, the PTC and the water pump are connected in sequence.

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