Battery cells, battery devices and electrical equipment

Abstract

The present application discloses a battery cell, a battery device and an electrical equipment, and relates to the field of battery technology, wherein the battery cell comprises a shell and a vent structure, the shell is formed with a accommodating cavity and a vent channel connected with the accommodating cavity, the vent channel comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, the vent structure comprises a switch member arranged in the vent channel, the switch member at least partially can be movably arranged in the vent channel, in its movable stroke, the switch member has a first sealing position, a second sealing position and a vent position between the first sealing position and the second sealing position, in the first sealing position, the switch member can seal the air inlet, in the second sealing position, the switch member can seal the air outlet, in the vent position, the switch member can open the air inlet and the air outlet, through the movement of the switch member, the pressure of the battery cell can be discharged to the external space, and the pressure in the battery cell can quickly reach the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery device and an electrical equipment. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, new energy vehicles have developed by leaps and bounds. In the field of electric vehicles, power batteries, as the power source of electric vehicles, play an irreplaceable and important role. With the vigorous promotion of new energy vehicles, the demand for power battery products is also growing. Among them, batteries, as core components of new energy vehicles, have high requirements in terms of reliability and service life.

[0003] In battery technology, to ensure the safety of battery cells, a pressure relief device for releasing the internal pressure of the battery cells is generally provided on the housing of the battery cells, so that when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cells reaches a threshold, the pressure relief device can be actuated to release the internal pressure of the battery cells. However, after the pressure relief device releases the pressure, the pressure inside the battery cells may be insufficient, causing the battery cells to miss the opportunity to open the explosion-proof valve at the early stage of thermal runaway. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a battery cell, a battery device and an electrical device, aiming to solve the problem that the pressure relief device of the battery cell will affect the opening of the explosion-proof valve.

[0005] In the first aspect, the battery cell proposed in the present application includes: A shell is formed with a receiving cavity and a ventilation passage communicating with the receiving cavity, wherein the ventilation passage includes an air inlet and an air outlet, and a pole and an explosion-proof valve are provided on the shell; and, The ventilation structure includes a switch component arranged in the ventilation channel, and the switch component is at least partially movable in the ventilation channel. In its movable stroke, the switch component has a first sealing position, a second sealing position and a ventilation position between the first sealing position and the second sealing position. When in the first sealing position, the switch component can seal the air inlet, and when in the second sealing position, the switch component can seal the air outlet. When in the ventilation position, the switch component can open the air inlet and the air outlet.

[0006] In the above technical solution, when the pressure in the shell is small or there is no pressure, the switch element is in the first sealing position to close the air inlet of the air permeable channel to reduce the possibility of electrolyte leakage in the battery cell. When the pressure in the battery cell is medium, the switch element is in the air permeable position, and the switch element is in the middle of the air permeable channel, so that the gas in the shell can be discharged to the outside of the shell through the air permeable channel to reduce the pressure in the shell. When the battery cell is in thermal runaway and the pressure rises sharply, the switch element is in the second sealing position to close the air outlet of the air permeable channel, so that the gas can accumulate in the shell, so that The pressure of the shell can quickly reach the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve to open the explosion-proof valve. In this way, by providing a ventilation channel to connect the accommodating cavity with the external space of the shell, and through the movement of the switch, the pressure of the battery cell can be discharged to the external space to reduce the risk of swelling of the battery cell, and the ventilation channel can be closed when the battery cell has thermal runaway, so that the gas accumulates in the battery cell, so that the pressure in the battery cell can quickly reach the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve, so that the explosion-proof valve can be opened at the early stage of thermal runaway, reducing the influence of the pressure relief of the ventilation structure on the opening of the explosion-proof valve.

[0007] In some embodiments, the switch element comprises: A sealing column is arranged along the extension direction of the air permeable channel; and The outer casing is tapered from one end to the other end to have a small diameter end and a large diameter end, the small diameter end is sleeved on the sealing column, and the large diameter end is connected to the inner wall of the air permeable channel; Wherein, under the action of the air pressure of the air inlet, the outer shell can be elastically deformed along the extension direction of the air permeable channel, so that the sealing column can move axially along the outer shell in the air permeable channel to switch between the first sealing position, the air permeable position and the second sealing position.

[0008] In the above technical solution, by setting a sealing column, it is possible to seal the air inlet or outlet of the air permeable channel to prevent the gas in the shell from escaping from the shell, and at the same time open the air inlet and outlet of the air permeable channel to allow the gas in the shell to flow out of the shell, and by setting an outer shell, on the one hand, the sealing column can be installed in the air permeable channel, and on the other hand, the shell can make the sealing column move through the deformation of the outer shell itself, and can be adaptively adjusted according to the pressure in the shell, so that the deformation of the outer shell can adapt to the pressure in the shell.

[0009] In some embodiments, the small diameter end is sleeved on an end of the sealing cylinder close to the air inlet; The large diameter end corresponds to an end of the sealing cylinder close to the air outlet.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the small diameter end is arranged at the end of the sealing column close to the air inlet, and the large diameter end is arranged corresponding to the end of the sealing column close to the air outlet, so that the outer sleeve is gradually arranged in the direction of the air outlet toward the air inlet, so that the switch element has a force in the direction of the air inlet, so that the sealing column can be close to the air inlet of the air permeable channel, thereby helping to improve the sealing effect of the sealing column.

[0011] In some embodiments, a step surface facing away from the air inlet is formed in the air permeable channel, and the periphery of the large diameter end overlaps the step surface.

[0012] In the above technical solution, by setting the step surface, on the one hand, the installation position of the outer shell can be located in the air permeable channel, which is convenient for quickly installing the outer shell in the air permeable channel; on the other hand, it is convenient to weld the outer shell to the inner wall surface of the air permeable channel, thereby reducing the risk of separation between the outer shell and the air permeable channel, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of the use of the switch.

[0013] In some embodiments, the longitudinal section of the side wall of the outer casing is arranged in a straight line; or, The longitudinal section of the side wall of the outer casing is arranged in an outwardly convex curved shape; or, The longitudinal section of the side wall of the outer casing is arranged in a concave curved shape.

[0014] In the above technical scheme, the longitudinal section of the side wall of the outer sleeve is set in a straight line, so that the force of the switch component on the air inlet is moderate, which can avoid the switch component from exerting too much force on the air inlet, making the air inlet difficult to open, and can also avoid the switch component from exerting too little force on the air inlet, so that the air inlet is frequently opened, resulting in the problem of electrolyte leakage. In addition, compared with the outer sleeve set in a straight line, the longitudinal section of the side wall of the outer sleeve is set in an inward concave curve, which has a greater force on the air inlet of the air permeable channel, which can increase the sealing effect of the sealing column on the air inlet, and reduce the possibility of the air inlet being opened due to factors such as vibration. The longitudinal section of the side wall of the outer sleeve is set in an outward convex curve, which has a smaller force on the air inlet of the air permeable channel, making the outer sleeve easy to deform, facilitating the opening of the air inlet, and facilitating the timely release of the pressure in the shell, reducing the probability of pressure build-up in the battery cell.

[0015] In some embodiments, the switch element divides the air permeable channel into a first air permeable section and a second air permeable section; The battery cell further includes a ventilation connecting portion connecting the first ventilation section and the second ventilation section.

[0016] In the above technical solution, a breathable connecting part is provided to connect the two sides of the switch element, so that when the switch element is in the breathable position, the gas entering the breathable channel through the air inlet can flow to the air outlet through the breathable connecting part and flow out of the breathable channel through the air outlet.

[0017] In some embodiments, the air-permeable communication portion includes a communication channel provided on the shell, and two channel openings of the communication channel are respectively connected to the first air-permeable section and the second air-permeable section.

[0018] In the above technical solution, a connecting channel is provided to connect the air passages on both sides of the switch element, so that the gas entering the air passage through the air inlet can flow to the air outlet through the connecting channel and flow out of the air passage through the air outlet.

[0019] In some embodiments, the switch element includes a sealing cylinder and an outer sleeve disposed on the sealing cylinder; The air-permeable communication portion includes a communication hole extending through the outer shell.

[0020] In the above technical solution, a connecting hole is provided to connect the air passages on both sides of the switch member, so that the gas entering the air passage through the air inlet can flow to the air outlet through the connecting hole and flow out of the air passage through the air outlet.

[0021] In some embodiments, a sealing ring is provided at the air inlet and / or the air outlet.

[0022] In the above technical solution, a sealing ring is provided to seal the gap between the air inlet and the switch member when the switch member is in the first sealing position, and to seal the gap between the air outlet and the switch member when the switch member is in the second sealing position, thereby helping to improve the sealing effect at the air inlet and the air outlet.

[0023] In some embodiments, the air inlet and / or the air outlet is provided with a temperature-sensitive plug.

[0024] In the above technical solution, usually, in order to avoid leakage of the electrolyte in the shell, it is necessary to open the air inlet and / or air outlet of the air permeable channel. However, if one of the battery cells in the battery box thermally runs away and the temperature rises rapidly, the temperature of the surrounding adjacent battery cells will also rise, so that the pressure of the adjacent battery cells will rise. For this reason, a temperature-sensitive plug is provided to open the air inlet and air outlet of the air permeable channel when the adjacent battery cells are affected by the thermal runaway battery cells, so that the gas in the shell can flow out of the shell, thereby achieving early pressure relief and reducing the influence of the thermal runaway battery cells on the adjacent battery cells.

[0025] In some embodiments, the melting point of the temperature-sensitive plug is T1, and the melting point of the shell is T2, wherein T1<T2; and / or, The material of the temperature sensitive plug includes one of plastic and fluororubber.

[0026] In the above technical scheme, the melting point of the temperature-sensitive plug is lower than the melting point of the shell, so that the temperature-sensitive plug can be melted in time to open the air inlet and outlet of the air permeable channel under the premise of ensuring the safety of the shell. At the same time, since the temperature-sensitive plug is mainly used to block the air inlet or outlet of the air permeable channel, and can open the air inlet and outlet when the battery cell is heated, the temperature-sensitive plug is made of temperature-sensitive materials such as plastic or fluororubber, so that the temperature-sensitive plug can be heated and melted in time to open the air inlet and outlet of the air permeable channel.

[0027] In some embodiments, T1 ≤ 400°C.

[0028] In the above technical solution, since the melting point of the shell is relatively high, even if the melting point of the temperature-sensitive plug is lower than the melting point of the shell, it may exceed the allowable temperature of the battery cell. Therefore, T1≤400°C, so that the temperature-sensitive plug can melt in time to open the air inlet and outlet of the air permeable channel to prevent the temperature of the battery cell from exceeding its allowable temperature.

[0029] In some embodiments, the shell includes a shell body and a top cover disposed on the shell body, and the shell body and the top cover together enclose the accommodating cavity; Wherein, the air permeable channel and the pole are both arranged on the top cover.

[0030] In the above technical solution, a shell body and a top cover are provided to facilitate installation of bare cells. At the same time, since gas usually gathers at the upper end of the accommodating cavity, a ventilation channel is provided on the top cover so that the gas in the accommodating cavity can be discharged in time through the ventilation channel, thereby reducing the possibility of gas accumulation in the shell.

[0031] In some embodiments, the top cover includes a cover body and a cover body disposed on the cover body, the cover body and the cover body together form an installation cavity, and the switch element is installed in the installation cavity; Wherein, the air permeable channel includes the installation cavity.

[0032] In the above technical solution, by arranging the cover body and the cover main body to form a mounting cavity, the size of the air permeable passage can be enlarged, and the installation of the switch component is convenient.

[0033] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a battery device, which includes the above-mentioned battery cell.

[0034] In a third aspect, the present application further proposes an electrical device, which includes the above-mentioned battery device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a first embodiment of the breathable structure; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a second embodiment of the breathable structure; Figure 5 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a third embodiment of the breathable structure; Figure 6 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of the breathable structure; Figure 7 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a fifth embodiment of the breathable structure; Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A local enlarged view of point A in FIG. Fig.10 for Figure 8 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell in FIG. Fig.11 for Fig.10 A local enlarged view of point B in FIG. Fig.12 A schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Fig.13 for Fig.12 A local enlarged view of point C in FIG. Fig.14 for Fig.12 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell in FIG. Fig.15 for Fig.14 A local enlarged view of D in FIG. Fig.16A schematic structural diagram of a fifth embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Fig.17 for Fig.16 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell in FIG. Fig.18 for Fig.17 A local enlarged view of point E in FIG. Fig.19 A schematic structural diagram of a sixth embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Fig. 20 for Fig.19 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell in FIG. Fig.21 for Fig. 20 A local enlarged view of F in FIG. Fig. 22 A schematic structural diagram of a seventh embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Fig.23 The electrical equipment provided for this application is a simplified structural diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle.

[0037] Description of Figure Numbers: 1000. Vehicles; 100, battery device; 200, controller; 300, motor; 400. Battery cell; 1. Shell; 11. Shell body; 12. Top cover; 121. Cover body; 122. Cover body; 13. Accommodating cavity; 14. Ventilation channel; 141. Air inlet; 142. Air outlet; 143. Mounting cavity; 144. Step surface; 145. First ventilating section; 146. Second ventilating section; 2. Ventilation structure; 21. Switch member; 211. Sealing column; 212. Outer shell; 2121. Longitudinal section; 2122. Large diameter end; 2123. Small diameter end; 3. Ventilation connecting portion; 31. Connecting channel; 32. Connecting hole; 4. Sealing ring; 5. Temperature-sensitive plug.

[0038] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0042] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] In recent years, new energy vehicles have developed by leaps and bounds. In the field of electric vehicles, power batteries, as the power source of electric vehicles, play an irreplaceable and important role. With the vigorous promotion of new energy vehicles, the demand for power battery products is also growing. Among them, batteries, as core components of new energy vehicles, have high requirements in terms of reliability and service life.

[0047] In battery technology, in order to prevent the internal thermal runaway of the battery from causing an explosion, an explosion-proof valve is usually set on the battery cell. When an abnormality occurs in the battery cell and the internal thermal runaway of the battery cell causes a sharp increase in temperature and pressure, the gas generated in the battery cell will break through the notched area of ​​the explosion-proof valve, causing the explosion-proof valve to explode, thereby achieving the purpose of pressure relief. However, the battery cell will also generate heat during normal use, which will increase the pressure inside the battery cell, easily causing swelling, causing mutual squeezing between battery cells, and affecting the reliability of the system. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the battery cell, a pressure relief device for releasing the internal pressure of the battery cell is generally set on the shell of the battery cell, so that when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold, the pressure relief device can be actuated to release the pressure inside the battery cell. However, the pressure relief device will continuously release the pressure inside the battery cell. When the battery cell is in thermal runaway, the pressure inside the battery cell may be insufficient, causing the battery cell to miss the opportunity to open the explosion-proof valve at the beginning of thermal runaway.

[0048] From the analysis of the causes of the above problems, it can be known that in the existing battery cells, the pressure relief device on the battery cells can release the pressure inside the battery cells under normal circumstances, but in abnormal circumstances such as thermal runaway, the battery cells may miss the opportunity to open the explosion-proof valve in the early stage of thermal runaway, affecting the opening of the explosion-proof valve. To solve the problem that the pressure relief device will affect the opening of the explosion-proof valve, we can try to improve the structure of the pressure relief device so that it can release the pressure inside the battery cell without affecting the opening of the explosion-proof valve.

[0049] In the present application, battery cells may include lithium-ion primary battery cells, lithium-ion secondary battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells or magnesium-ion battery cells, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0050] The battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte. The electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. The battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work. The positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer. The positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector. The current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. The current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is stacked as a positive electrode tab. Taking lithium-ion batteries as an example, the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide. The negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector. The current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. The current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is stacked as a negative electrode tab. The material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon. The material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), etc. In addition, the electrode assembly may be a winding structure or a stacked structure, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0051] To facilitate understanding of the battery cell provided by the present application, the following is a description with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a first embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a second embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Figures 3 to 7 for Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of the ventilation structure of a battery cell; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a third embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A local enlarged structural diagram at A in FIG. Fig.10 for Figure 8 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell in FIG. Fig.11 for Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at B in FIG. Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a fourth embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Fig.13 for Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at C in FIG. Fig.14 for Fig.12 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell in FIG. Fig.15 for Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at D in FIG. Fig.16 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a fifth embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Fig.17 for Fig.16A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell in FIG. Fig.18 for Fig.17 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at E in FIG. Fig.19 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a sixth embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Fig. 20 for Fig.19 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell in FIG. Fig.21 for Fig.19 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at F in FIG. Fig. 22 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a seventh embodiment of a battery cell provided in the present application; Fig.23 The electrical equipment provided for this application is a simplified structural diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle.

[0052] See also Figures 1 to 5 In one embodiment of the present application, the battery cell 400 includes a shell 1 and a ventilation structure 2, the shell 1 is formed with a accommodating cavity 13, and a ventilation channel 14 connected to the accommodating cavity 13, the ventilation channel 14 includes an air inlet 141 and an air outlet 142, the shell 1 is provided with a pole and an explosion-proof valve, the ventilation structure 2 includes a switch member 21 arranged in the ventilation channel 14, the switch member 21 can be at least partially movably arranged in the ventilation channel 14, in its movable stroke, the switch member 21 has a first sealing position, a second sealing position and a ventilation position between the first sealing position and the second sealing position, in the first sealing position, the switch member 21 can seal the air inlet 141, in the second sealing position, the switch member 21 can seal the air outlet 142, and in the ventilation position, the switch member 21 can open the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142.

[0053] It should be noted that the shell 1 is the main loading component of the battery cell 400. The battery cell 400 is installed in the box of the battery device 100 through the shell 1, and the bare battery cell is installed through the accommodating cavity 13 of the shell 1. The shell 1 has various shapes. The shell 1 can be a cylinder, a prism, a cuboid, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. The shell 1 has various materials. The shell 1 can be a metal shell, such as an iron shell, a steel shell, an aluminum alloy shell, etc., or an inorganic non-metal shell, such as a ceramic shell, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0054] The air permeable channel 14 includes an air inlet 141 and an air outlet 142. The air inlet 141 of the air permeable channel 14 is connected to the accommodating chamber 13 of the shell 1, and the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14 is connected to the external space of the shell 1, so that the gas in the accommodating chamber 13 can be discharged to the outside of the shell 1 through the air permeable channel 14, so as to release the pressure in the shell 1 and reduce the risk of swelling of the shell 1. The air permeable channel 14 has various shapes, which can be circular or polygonal, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0055] The switch element 21 is arranged in the air permeable channel 14 and is at least partially movable in the air permeable channel 14. It is mainly used to seal or open the air inlet 141 or the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14. It has various shapes, which can be circular, polygonal, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0056] It should also be noted that, in the movable stroke of the switch member 21, the switch member 21 has a first sealing position, a second sealing position and a venting position between the first sealing position and the second sealing position. When the switch member 21 is in the first sealing position, please refer to Figure 3 At this time, the pressure in the housing 1 is small or no pressure, and the switch member 21 is located at the air inlet 141 of the air permeable channel 14 to close the air inlet 141 of the air permeable channel 14. When the switch member 21 is in the air permeable position, please refer to Figure 4 At this time, the pressure in the housing 1 is medium, the switch element 21 is between the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142, and the gas can flow out of the housing 1 through the air permeable channel 14. When the switch element 21 is in the second sealing position, please refer to Figure 5 At this time, the pressure in the shell 1 is relatively high, and the switch member 21 is at the outlet of the air passage 14 to close the air outlet 142 of the air passage 14, so that the gas can accumulate in the shell 1, so that the pressure in the shell 1 can quickly reach the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve.

[0057] The pole is arranged on the shell 1, and is used to transfer the electric energy inside the battery to the external circuit, or transfer the electric energy from the external circuit to the battery for charging. One end of the pole is directly connected to the bus, and the other end is connected to the external conductor, or to one pole of the adjacent single cell in the battery pack. The explosion-proof valve is arranged on the shell 1, and is used to protect the battery cell 400 from explosion under abnormal circumstances. It is a safety protection device, which can automatically open the valve and release the internal pressure when the pressure inside the shell 1 is too high to prevent the battery cell 400 from exploding.

[0058] According to the technical solution of the present application, when the pressure in the shell 1 is small or there is no pressure, the switch 21 is in the first sealing position to close the air inlet 141 of the air permeable channel 14, thereby reducing the possibility of electrolyte leakage in the battery cell 400. When the pressure in the battery cell 400 is medium, the switch 21 is in the venting position, and the switch 21 is in the middle of the air permeable channel 14, so that the gas in the shell 1 can be discharged to the outside of the shell 1 through the air permeable channel 14 to reduce the pressure in the shell 1. When the battery cell 400 is in thermal runaway and the pressure rises sharply, the switch 21 is in the second sealing position to close the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14, so that the gas can be discharged from the shell 1 to the outside of the shell 1. Accumulation, so that the pressure in the shell 1 can quickly reach the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve, so that the explosion-proof valve can be opened. In this way, by setting the air permeable channel 14 to connect the accommodating chamber 13 with the external space of the shell 1, and through the activity of the switch 21, the pressure of the battery cell 400 can be discharged to the external space, reducing the risk of swelling of the battery cell 400, and the battery cell 400 can close the air permeable channel 14 when thermal runaway occurs, so that the gas accumulates in the battery cell 400, so that the pressure in the battery cell 400 can quickly reach the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve, so that the explosion-proof valve can be opened at the initial stage of thermal runaway, reducing the influence of the pressure relief of the air permeable structure 2 on the opening of the explosion-proof valve.

[0059] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The switch member 21 includes a sealing cylinder 211 and an outer sleeve 212. The sealing cylinder 211 is arranged along the extension direction of the air permeable channel 14. The outer sleeve 212 is gradually arranged from one end to the other end to have a small diameter end 2123 and a large diameter end 2122. The small diameter end 2123 is sleeved on the sealing cylinder 211, and the large diameter end 2122 is connected to the inner wall of the air permeable channel 14. Under the action of the air pressure of the air inlet 141, the outer sleeve 212 can be elastically deformed along the extension direction of the air permeable channel 14, so that the sealing cylinder 211 can move in the air permeable channel 14 along the axial direction of the outer sleeve 212 to switch between the first sealing position, the air permeable position and the second sealing position.

[0060] It should be noted that, in order to facilitate the movement of the sealing cylinder 211, the material of the outer shell 212 and the switch element 21 is an elastic material, so that the sealing cylinder 211 can move through the deformation of the switch element 21 itself, and the greater the pressure in the housing 1, the greater the deformation of the switch element 21, so that the deformation of the switch element 21 can be adaptively adjusted according to the pressure in the housing to adapt to the pressure in the housing 1. Further, there are many elastic materials, which can be plastic materials, such as plastic switch element 21, or rubber materials, such as rubber switch element 21, etc., as long as they can be adaptively adjusted according to the pressure in the housing 1, the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0061] The sealing column 211 is movably arranged in the air permeable channel 14, so that the end close to the air inlet 141 can be close to the air inlet 141 of the air permeable channel 14 to close the air inlet 141 of the air permeable channel 14, or the end close to the air outlet 142 can be close to the air outlet 142 to close the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14, or both ends are separated from the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142 at the same time, so that the airflow in the shell 1 can flow to the external space of the shell 1, and the sealing column 211 extends along the extension direction of the air permeable channel 14 to increase the length of the sealing column 211 and reduce the movable stroke of the sealing column 211. Among them, the sealing column 211 has various shapes. The sealing column 211 can be a cylinder or a prism, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Furthermore, in order to ensure the sealing effect of the sealing column 211, the size of the sealing column 211 usually needs to be larger than the size of the air inlet 141 or the air outlet 142, but this will increase the cost of the sealing column 211. For this reason, the sealing column 211 includes a column body and sealing flanges provided at both ends of the column body, so as to reduce the size of the sealing column 211 while ensuring the center sealing effect, thereby helping to reduce the cost of the sealing column 211.

[0062] The small diameter end 2123 of the outer casing 212 refers to the end where the distance from the periphery of the outer casing 212 to the central axis is smaller, and is used to connect to the sealing cylinder 211. The large diameter end 2122 of the outer casing 212 refers to the end where the distance from the periphery of the outer casing 212 to the central axis is larger, and is used to connect to the inner wall surface of the air permeable channel 14. For details, please refer to Figure 3. Further, the outer sleeve 212 can be arranged in a circular shape or a polygonal shape, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. In particular, the outer sleeve 212 and the sealing column 211 can be arranged in an integral manner or in a separate manner, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. Since the air permeable channel 14 is used to release the pressure in the housing 1, its structure is relatively small, so that the switch member 21 is also relatively small. If the outer sleeve 212 and the sealing column 211 are assembled separately, it is more cumbersome and difficult. Therefore, the outer sleeve 212 and the sealing column 211 should be formed in an integral manner to save subsequent assembly steps and save assembly time. Further, the material of the outer sleeve 212 and the sealing column 211 can be the same or different, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application, but in order to facilitate integral molding, the material of the outer sleeve 212 and the sealing column 211 should be the same material. In addition, there are many ways to connect the outer shell 212 to the inner wall of the air permeable channel 14. The outer shell 212 and the inner wall of the air permeable channel 14 can be connected by welding or bonding, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this. However, since the movement of the sealing column 211 is achieved by the deformation of the outer shell 212, the outer shell 212 is prone to loosening when used for a long time. Therefore, the outer shell 212 is connected to the inner wall of the air permeable channel 14 by welding, so as to strengthen the connection between the outer shell 212 and the inner wall of the air permeable channel 14, reduce the risk of the outer shell 212 and the inner wall of the air permeable channel 14 being separated, and help improve the reliability of the switch 21.

[0063] In the above technical scheme, by setting the sealing column 211, it is possible to seal the air inlet 141 or the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14 to prevent the gas in the shell 1 from escaping from the shell 1, and at the same time open the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142 of the air passage so that the gas in the shell 1 can flow out of the shell 1, and by setting the outer jacket 212, on the one hand, the sealing column 211 can be installed in the air permeable channel 14, and on the other hand, the shell 1 can make the sealing column 211 movable through the deformation of the outer jacket 212 itself, and can be adaptively adjusted according to the pressure in the shell 1, so that the deformation of the outer jacket 212 can adapt to the pressure in the shell 1.

[0064] In the above embodiment, there are many ways to set the small diameter end 2123 of the outer casing 212. The small diameter end 2123 can be set at the end of the sealing cylinder 211 close to the air outlet 142, or at the end of the sealing cylinder 211 close to the air inlet 141. The embodiment of the present application does not limit this. However, if the small diameter end 2123 is set at the end of the sealing cylinder 211 close to the air outlet 142, the pressure of the outer casing 212 is insufficient when the sealing cylinder 211 is in the first sealing position, which may cause the air inlet 141 to be not sealed tightly. Therefore, in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 3 to 7The small diameter end 2123 is sleeved on one end of the sealing column 211 close to the air inlet 141 , and the large diameter end 2122 is correspondingly located at one end of the sealing column 211 close to the air outlet 142 .

[0065] In the above technical solution, the small diameter end 2123 is arranged at one end of the sealing column 211 close to the air inlet 141, and the large diameter end 2122 is arranged corresponding to the end of the sealing column 211 close to the air outlet 142, so that the outer shell 212 is gradually arranged in the direction of the air outlet 142 toward the air inlet 141, so that the switch element 21 has a force in the direction of the air inlet 141, so that the sealing column 211 can be close to the air inlet 141 of the air permeable channel 14, thereby helping to improve the sealing effect of the sealing column 211.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present application, a step surface 144 facing away from the air inlet 141 is formed in the air permeable channel 14 , and the periphery of the large-diameter end 2122 overlaps the step surface 144 .

[0067] It should be noted that, from the air inlet 141 of the air permeable channel 14 toward its air outlet 142, the inner wall surface of the air permeable channel 14 shrinks inward to form a step surface 144 facing the air outlet 142, so as to locate the outer shell 212 in the air permeable channel 14. Of course, in other embodiments, the outer shell 212 can also be located by an annular groove provided in the air permeable channel 14, but this method is not convenient for welding the outer shell 212 to the inner wall surface of the air permeable channel 14.

[0068] In the above technical solution, by setting the step surface 144, on the one hand, the installation position of the outer shell 212 can be located in the air passage 14, which is convenient for quickly installing the outer shell 212 in the air passage 14; on the other hand, it is convenient to weld the outer shell 212 to the inner wall surface of the air passage 14, thereby reducing the risk of the outer shell 212 being detached from the air passage 14, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of the switch 21.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figure 6 The longitudinal section 2121 of the side wall of the outer casing 212 is arranged in a straight line.

[0070] It should be noted that the longitudinal sections 2121 of the side wall of the outer shell 212 refer to two cross sections of the outer shell 212 along the extension direction of the air permeable channel 14. For details, please refer to Figure 6 In the cross section along the extension direction of the air permeable channel 14, the longitudinal section 2121 of the side wall of the outer shell 212 is arranged in a straight line.

[0071] In the above technical solution, the longitudinal section 2121 of the side wall of the outer shell 212 is arranged in a straight line, so that the force exerted by the switch component 21 on the air inlet 141 is moderate, which can avoid the switch component 21 exerting too much force on the air inlet 141, making the air inlet 141 difficult to open, and can also avoid the switch component 21 exerting too little force on the air inlet 141, so that the air inlet 141 is frequently opened, resulting in the problem of electrolyte leakage.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figures 3 to 5 The longitudinal section 2121 of the side wall of the outer casing 212 is arranged in a concave curved shape.

[0073] It should be noted that the concave curved configuration of the longitudinal section 2121 of the side wall of the outer casing 212 means that the outer casing 212 is concavely configured toward the center thereof. Figure 3 and Figure 4 as shown in .

[0074] In the above technical solution, compared with the outer shell 212 that is set in a straight line, the longitudinal section 2121 of the side wall of the outer shell 212 is set in an inwardly concave curved shape, which has a greater force on the air inlet 141 of the air permeable channel 14, which can not only increase the sealing effect of the sealing column 211 on the air inlet 141, but also reduce the possibility of the air inlet 141 being opened due to factors such as vibration.

[0075] In one embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figure 7 The longitudinal section 2121 of the side wall of the outer casing 212 is arranged in an outwardly convex curved shape.

[0076] It should be noted that the longitudinal section 2121 of the side wall of the outer casing 212 is arranged in a convex curved shape, which means that the outer casing 212 is arranged to bulge away from the center. Figure 7 as shown in .

[0077] In the above technical solution, compared with the outer shell 212 set in a straight line, the longitudinal section 2121 of the side wall of the outer shell 212 is set in an outward convex curved shape, and its force on the air inlet 141 of the air permeable channel 14 is relatively small, so that the outer shell 212 is easy to deform, and the air inlet 141 is convenient to open, which is beneficial to timely release the pressure in the shell 1 and reduce the probability of pressure build-up in the battery cell 400.

[0078] It should also be noted that please refer to Figures 3 to 7 Since the shapes of the outer shell 212 are different, the force exerted by the switch member 21 on the air inlet 141 will also be different. Therefore, by replacing the outer shell 212 with different shapes, the switch member 21 can adapt to battery cells 400 with different pressures, which is beneficial to improving the versatility of the breathable structure 2.

[0079] In one embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figure 8 and Fig.12 The switch element 21 separates the ventilation channel into a first ventilation section 145 and a second ventilation section 146 , and the battery cell further includes a ventilation connecting portion 3 connecting the first ventilation section 145 and the second ventilation section 146 .

[0080] It should be noted that, since the switch element 21 is arranged in the air permeable channel 14, the air permeable channel 14 is isolated, so that the gas in the shell 1 cannot flow out of the shell 1 through the air permeable channel 14. Therefore, in this embodiment, a breathable connecting portion 3 is provided to connect the two sides of the switch element 21, so that when the switch element 21 is in the air permeable position, the gas entering the air permeable channel 14 through the air inlet 141 can flow to the air outlet 142 through the air permeable connecting portion 3, and flow out of the air permeable channel 14 through the air outlet 142.

[0081] In the above-mentioned embodiment, there are many ways to set the ventilating connecting portion 3. In one embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figures 8 to 11 The air permeable communication portion 3 includes a communication channel 31 provided on the shell 1 , and two channel openings of the communication channel 31 are respectively connected to the first air permeable section 145 and the second air permeable section 146 .

[0082] It should be noted that the connecting channel 31 has various shapes, such as circular or rectangular, as long as it can connect the air permeable channels 14 on both sides of the switch member 21, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this. Further, the number of connecting channels 31 has various shapes, such as one or more, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this. Specifically, multiple connecting channels 31 are provided, and multiple connecting channels 31 are provided at intervals along the circumference of the air permeable channel 14. By providing multiple connecting channels 31, the air permeable area of ​​the air permeable connecting portion 3 is increased, so that the gas can quickly pass through the switch member 21.

[0083] In the above technical solution, a connecting channel 31 is provided to connect the air permeable channels 14 on both sides of the switch member 21, so that the gas entering the air permeable channel 14 through the air inlet 141 can flow to the air outlet 142 through the connecting channel 31 and flow out of the air permeable channel 14 through the air outlet 142.

[0084] In the above embodiment, although the connecting channel 31 is provided to connect the air permeable channels 14 on both sides of the switch member 21, this method is difficult to form. Therefore, in another embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figures 12 to 15 The switch element 21 includes a sealing column 211 and an outer shell 212 disposed on the sealing column 211 , and the air-permeable communication portion 3 includes a communication hole 32 penetrating the outer shell 212 .

[0085] It should be noted that the connecting hole 32 has various shapes, such as circular or rectangular, as long as it can connect the air permeable passages 14 on both sides of the switch member 21, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this. Further, the number of connecting holes 32 has various shapes, such as one or multiple, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this. Specifically, multiple connecting holes 32 are provided, and multiple connecting holes 32 are provided at intervals along the circumference of the air permeable passage 14. By providing multiple connecting holes 32, the air permeable area of ​​the air permeable connecting portion 3 is increased, so that the gas can quickly pass through the switch member 21.

[0086] In the above technical solution, a connecting hole 32 is provided to connect the air passages 14 on both sides of the switch member 21 , so that the gas entering the air passage 14 through the air inlet 141 can flow to the air outlet 142 through the connecting hole 32 and flow out of the air passage 14 through the air outlet 142 .

[0087] In one embodiment of the present application, please refer to Fig.16 and Fig.18 A sealing ring 4 is provided at the air inlet 141 and / or the air outlet 142 .

[0088] It should be noted that there are many ways to set the sealing ring 4. The sealing ring 4 can be set only at the air inlet 141, or only at the air outlet 142, or at both the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. Among them, there are many materials for the sealing ring 4, and the material of the sealing ring 4 can be rubber, or silicone, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. Further, a sinking groove is provided in the air permeable channel 14, and the sealing ring 4 is arranged in the sinking groove, wherein the bottom of the sinking groove connects the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14, and the position of the sealing ring 4 is located in the air permeable channel 14 by providing the sinking groove, so that the sealing ring 4 can be quickly installed at the air inlet 141 or the air outlet 142.

[0089] In the above technical solution, a sealing ring 4 is provided to seal the gap between the air inlet 141 and the switch member 21 when the switch member 21 is in the first sealing position, and to seal the gap between the air outlet 142 and the switch member 21 when the switch member 21 is in the second sealing position, thereby helping to improve the sealing effect at the air inlet and the air outlet 142.

[0090] In one embodiment of the present application, please refer to Fig.19 and Fig.21 The air inlet 141 and / or the air outlet 142 is provided with a temperature-sensitive plug 5 .

[0091] It should be noted that the temperature-sensitive plug 5 is a temperature-sensitive plug or a heat-sensitive plug, which is a device that changes its physical state at a specific temperature. Normally, the temperature-sensitive plug 5 is used to block the air inlet 141 and / or the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14. When the preset temperature is reached, the temperature-sensitive plug 5 will undergo a phase change (such as from solid to liquid) to open the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142, so that the gas in the shell 1 can flow out of the shell 1 through the air permeable channel 14. Furthermore, there are many ways to set the temperature-sensitive plug 5. The temperature-sensitive plug 5 can be set only at the air inlet 141, or only at the air outlet 142, or at both the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142. The embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0092] In the above technical solution, under normal circumstances, in order to avoid leakage of the electrolyte in the shell 1, the air inlet 141 and / or the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14 need to be closed. However, if one of the battery cells 400 in the battery box thermally runs away and the temperature rises rapidly, the temperature of the surrounding adjacent battery cells 400 will also rise, so that the pressure of the adjacent battery cells 400 will rise. For this reason, a temperature-sensitive plug 5 is provided, so that when the adjacent battery cell 400 is affected by the thermal runaway battery cell 400, the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14 can be opened in time, so that the gas in the shell 1 can flow out of the shell 1, thereby achieving early pressure relief and reducing the influence of the thermal runaway battery cell 400 on the adjacent battery cell 400.

[0093] In one embodiment of the present application, the melting point of the temperature-sensitive plug 5 is T1, and the melting point of the shell 1 is T2, wherein T1<T2.

[0094] In the above technical solution, the melting point of the temperature-sensitive plug 5 is lower than that of the shell 1 , so that the temperature-sensitive plug 5 can melt in time to open the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14 while ensuring the safety of the shell 1 .

[0095] In one embodiment of the present application, the material of the temperature-sensitive plug 5 includes plastic or fluororubber.

[0096] It should be noted that the material of the temperature-sensitive plug 5 includes one of plastic or fluororubber, which means that the temperature plug can be a plug made of one of plastic or fluororubber, such as a plastic plug or a fluororubber plug. Of course, the temperature-sensitive plug 5 can also be a plug made of other temperature-sensitive materials, as long as it can be melted by heat, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0097] In the above technical solution, since the temperature-sensitive plug 5 is mainly used to block the air inlet 141 or the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14, and can open the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142 when the battery cell 400 is heated, the temperature-sensitive plug 5 is made of temperature-sensitive materials such as plastic or fluororubber, so that the temperature-sensitive plug 5 can be heated and melted in time to open the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14.

[0098] It should be noted that the above two related technical features: "T1<T2", "the material of the temperature-sensitive plug 5 includes one of plastic or fluororubber" can be set selectively or simultaneously. Obviously, setting them simultaneously will have a better effect.

[0099] In one embodiment of the present application, T1≤400°C.

[0100] In the above technical solution, since the melting point of the shell 1 is relatively high, even if the melting point of the temperature-sensitive plug 5 is lower than the melting point of the shell 1, it may still exceed the allowable temperature of the battery cell 400. Therefore, T1≤400°C, so that the temperature-sensitive plug 5 can melt in time to open the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142 of the air permeable channel 14 to prevent the temperature of the battery cell 400 from exceeding its allowable temperature.

[0101] In one embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figure 1 The shell 1 includes a shell body 11 and a top cover 12 covered on the shell body 11 . The shell body 11 and the top cover 12 together form a receiving cavity 13 , wherein the air permeable channel 14 and the pole are both arranged on the top cover 12 .

[0102] It should be noted that there are many locations for the ventilation channel 14. The ventilation channel 14 can be set on the shell body 11 or on the top cover 12, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. There are many ways to connect the shell body 11 and the top cover 12. The top cover 12 can be installed on the shell body 11 by welding, by bonding, or by screws, etc. As long as the top cover 12 can be fixed on the shell body 11, the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0103] In the above technical solution, the shell body 11 and the top cover 12 are provided to facilitate installation of the bare battery cell. At the same time, since gas usually gathers at the upper end of the accommodating cavity 13, the air permeable channel 14 is provided on the top cover 12 so that the gas in the accommodating cavity 13 can be discharged in time through the air permeable channel 14, thereby reducing the possibility of gas accumulation in the shell 1.

[0104] In one embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 8 and Fig.12The top cover 12 includes a cover body 121 and a cover body 122 which is covered on the cover body 121 . The cover body 121 and the cover body 122 together form an installation cavity 143 . The switch element 21 is installed in the installation cavity 143 . The air permeable channel 14 includes the installation cavity 143 .

[0105] It should be noted that there are many ways to connect the cover body 121 and the cover body 122. The cover body 122 can be installed on the cover body 121 by welding, or by bonding, or by screws, etc. As long as the cover body 122 can be fixed on the cover body 121, the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0106] In the above technical solution, the cover body 122 and the cover body 121 are provided to form the installation cavity 143 , so that the size of the air permeable channel 14 can be enlarged, and the installation of the switch component 21 is convenient.

[0107] In one embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figure 2 and Fig. 22 The cover body 121 has an inner side and an outer side in the thickness direction thereof, and the cover body 122 is arranged on the inner side or the outer side.

[0108] The inner side of the cover body 121 refers to the side of the cover body 122 located in the accommodating cavity 13, and the outer side of the cover body 121 refers to the side facing away from the accommodating cavity 13 and exposed to the outside. There are many ways to set the cover body 122. The cover body 122 can be set on the inner side of the cover body 121 or on the outer side of the cover body 121, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this. Further, the cover body 122 is set on the inner side of the cover body 121 so that the cover body 122 is hidden in the shell 1, which helps to improve the appearance of the shell 1, but this method is not convenient for keeping the accommodating cavity 13 clean. For example, welding may cause welding slag to fall into the accommodating cavity 13. The cover body 122 is set on the outer side of the cover body 121, which is convenient for connecting the cover body 121 and the cover body 122, such as welding, but this method will leave marks on the outer side of the shell 1, affecting the appearance of the shell 1.

[0109] The present application proposes a battery cell 400, which includes a shell 1 and a ventilating structure 2. The shell 1 is formed with a receiving cavity 13 and a ventilating channel 14. The receiving cavity 13 is used to receive a bare battery cell. The ventilating channel 14 includes an air inlet 141 and an air outlet 142. The air inlet 141 is connected to the receiving cavity 13, and the air outlet 142 is connected to the external space of the shell 1. The shell 1 includes a shell body 11 and a top cover 12. The shell 1 and the top cover 12 together enclose the receiving cavity 13. The top cover 12 includes a cover body 122 and a cover body 121. The cover body 122 and the cover body The venting channel 14 includes a mounting cavity 143, and the venting structure 2 includes a switch member 21 disposed in the venting channel 14. The switch member 21 can be at least partially movably disposed in the venting channel 14. In its movable stroke, the switch member 21 has a first sealing position, a second sealing position, and a venting position between the first sealing position and the second sealing position. In the first sealing position, the switch member 21 can seal the air inlet 141. In the second sealing position, the switch member 21 can seal the air outlet 142. When the switch 21 is in the position, the switch 21 can open the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142, wherein the switch 21 includes a sealing column 211 and an outer shell 212, wherein the sealing column 211 is arranged along the extension direction of the air permeable channel 14, and the outer shell 212 is arranged to be gradually reduced from one end to the other end, and has a small diameter end 2123 and a large diameter end 2122, wherein the small diameter end 2123 is sleeved on the sealing column 211, and the large diameter end 2122 is connected to the inner wall of the air permeable channel 14, wherein under the action of the air pressure of the air inlet 141, the outer shell 212 can be extended along the air permeable channel 14 is elastically deformed and extended in the extension direction so that the sealing column 211 can move axially along the outer shell 212 in the air permeable channel 14 to switch between the first sealing position, the air permeable position and the second sealing position. The small diameter end 2123 of the outer shell 212 is sleeved on the end of the sealing column 211 close to the air inlet 141, and the large diameter end 2122 of the outer shell 212 is correspondingly located at the end of the sealing column 211 close to the air outlet 142, so that the outer shell 212 can form a force toward the air inlet 141 to improve the sealing effect of the switch 21.A step surface 144 facing away from the air inlet 141 is also formed in the air permeable channel 14, and the periphery of the large diameter end 2122 of the outer casing 212 overlaps the step surface 144. The longitudinal section of the side wall of the outer casing 212 is arranged in a straight line, or in a convex curved shape, or in a concave curved shape. The longitudinal sections of the side walls of the outer casing 212 adopt different line shapes so that the outer casing 212 can form different forces. The switch member 21 divides the air permeable channel 14 into a first air permeable section 145 and a second air permeable section 146. The battery cell also includes a air permeable connecting portion 3 connecting the first air permeable section 145 and the second air permeable section 146 to connect the two sides of the switch member 21 so that the gas can pass through the switch member 21, wherein the air permeable connecting portion 3 includes a connecting channel 31 provided on the housing 1, and the two channel openings of the connecting channel 31 respectively connect the first air permeable section 145 and the second air permeable section 146. 1 includes a sealing column 211 and an outer shell 212 disposed on the sealing column 211, the air-permeable communication portion 3 includes a communication hole 32 penetrated through the outer shell 212, in addition, a sealing ring 4 is disposed at the air inlet 141 and / or the air outlet 142 to improve the sealing effect at the air inlet 141 or the air outlet 142, and a temperature-sensitive plug 5 is disposed at the air inlet 141 and / or the air outlet 142. Under normal circumstances, the air inlet 141 and / or the air outlet 142 are sealed. The air outlet 142 is closed to reduce the probability of electrolyte leakage. Under high temperature conditions, the temperature-sensitive plug 5 can soften so as to open the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142. Furthermore, the melting point of the temperature-sensitive plug 5 is T1, and the melting point of the shell 1 is T2, wherein T1<T2. The material of the temperature-sensitive plug 5 includes one of plastic or fluororubber, so that the temperature-sensitive plug 5 can be easily softened by heat so as to open the air inlet 141 and the air outlet 142.

[0110] The present application also proposes a battery device 100, which includes a battery cell 400. The specific structure of the battery cell 400 refers to the above embodiment. Since the battery device 100 adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here one by one.

[0111] The battery device 100 mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells 400 to provide higher voltage and capacity. For example, the battery device 100 mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack. The battery device 100 generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells 400. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells 400.

[0112] The present application also proposes an electrical device, which includes a battery device 100. The specific structure of the electrical device refers to the above embodiment. Since the electrical device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described one by one here.

[0113] The battery device 100 disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used to provide electric energy for electric devices, wherein the electric devices can be but are not limited to battery vehicles, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, etc. Among them, the spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spacecraft, etc.

[0114] For the convenience of description, the following embodiments are described by taking a vehicle 1000 as an example of an electrical device in an embodiment of the present application.

[0115] Please refer to Fig.23 , Fig.23 The electrical equipment provided for this application is a simplified structural diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle. The vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc. A battery device 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery device 100 can be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000. The battery device 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery device 100 can be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300, and the controller 200 is used to control the battery device 100 to power the motor 300, for example, for the starting, navigation and driving of the vehicle 1000. Working power requirements.

[0116] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery device 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0117] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery cell, characterized in that: include: A shell is formed with a containing cavity and a vent passage communicating with the containing cavity, wherein the vent passage includes an air inlet and an air outlet, and a pole and an explosion-proof valve are provided on the shell; as well as, The ventilation structure includes a switch component arranged in the ventilation channel, and the switch component is at least partially movable in the ventilation channel. In its movable stroke, the switch component has a first sealing position, a second sealing position and a ventilation position between the first sealing position and the second sealing position. When in the first sealing position, the switch component can seal the air inlet, and when in the second sealing position, the switch component can seal the air outlet. When in the ventilation position, the switch component can open the air inlet and the air outlet.

2. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch element comprises: A sealing column is arranged along the extension direction of the air permeable channel; and The outer casing is tapered from one end to the other end to have a small diameter end and a large diameter end, the small diameter end is sleeved on the sealing column, and the large diameter end is connected to the inner wall of the air permeable channel; Wherein, under the action of the air pressure of the air inlet, the outer shell can be elastically deformed along the extension direction of the air permeable channel, so that the sealing column can move axially along the outer shell in the air permeable channel to switch between the first sealing position, the air permeable position and the second sealing position.

3. The battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The small diameter end is sleeved on one end of the sealing cylinder close to the air inlet; The large diameter end corresponds to an end of the sealing cylinder close to the air outlet.

4. The battery cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: A step surface facing away from the air inlet is formed in the air permeable passage, and the periphery of the large diameter end overlaps the step surface.

5. The battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the side wall of the outer casing is arranged in a straight line; or, The longitudinal section of the side wall of the outer casing is arranged in an outwardly convex curved shape; or, The longitudinal section of the side wall of the outer casing is arranged in a concave curved shape.

6. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch element divides the air permeable channel into a first air permeable section and a second air permeable section; The battery cell further includes a ventilation connecting portion connecting the first ventilation section and the second ventilation section.

7. The battery cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air-permeable communication portion includes a communication channel provided on the shell, and two channel openings of the communication channel are respectively connected to the first air-permeable section and the second air-permeable section.

8. The battery cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The switch element comprises a sealing cylinder and an outer sleeve provided on the sealing cylinder; The air-permeable communication portion includes a communication hole extending through the outer shell.

9. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring is arranged at the air inlet and / or the air outlet.

10. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature-sensitive plug is provided at the air inlet and / or the air outlet.

11. The battery cell according to claim 10, characterized in that: The melting point of the temperature-sensitive plug is T1, and the melting point of the shell is T2, wherein T1<T2; and / or, The material of the temperature sensitive plug includes one of plastic and fluororubber.

12. The battery cell according to claim 11, characterized in that: T1≤400℃。 13. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell comprises a shell body and a top cover disposed on the shell body, wherein the shell body and the top cover together form the accommodating cavity; Wherein, the air permeable channel and the pole are both arranged on the top cover.

14. The battery cell according to claim 13, characterized in that: The top cover comprises a cover body and a cover body disposed on the cover body, the cover body and the cover body together form an installation cavity, and the switch element is installed in the installation cavity; Wherein, the air permeable channel includes the installation cavity.

15. A battery device, characterized in that: Comprising the battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. An electrical equipment, characterized in that: Comprising the battery device as claimed in claim 15.

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