Preparation method and application of soapberry leaf extract

Abstract

The present invention provides a preparation method and application of a soapberry leaf extract, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction. The preparation method comprises mixing soapberry leaf with bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime, and magnesium sulfate, sterilizing the mixture, and then inoculating Aspergillus niger as a fermentation ingredient for solid-state fermentation. After fermentation, spores are separated to obtain spore powder and a pretreated material. The pretreated material is then subjected to countercurrent extraction, purification, and concentration to obtain the soapberry leaf extract. The soapberry leaf extract is then used as a raw material to prepare medicines, cosmetics, daily necessities, or disinfectant products. The pretreatment method of the present invention utilizes solid-state fermentation technology, resulting in large-scale production, high yield, no need for other reagents, low cost, simple operation, and suitability for industrialization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction, in particular to a preparation method and application of a soapberry leaf extract. Background Art

[0002] Soapberry is a deciduous tree of the Sapindaceae family distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. It is a traditional cleaning and medicinal plant in my country. Its roots, bark, leaves, peel, seeds, etc. can all be used as medicine. The main active ingredients of soapberry are triterpenoid saponins and sesquiterpenoid glycosides. They all have strong surface activity and are natural non-ionic surfactants that can be used as natural surfactants in natural cleaning products. In addition, they have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and insecticidal effects. Soapberry is the plant with the highest saponin content known to date, and its saponins are mainly found in the peel, followed by flowers and leaves.

[0003] Currently, the main part of soapberry used is the fruit, and research and utilization of other organs are extremely rare. In particular, research on extracting saponins from the leaves, which are large and renewable, is even rarer, resulting in a huge waste of resources. Therefore, developing a process for extracting total saponins from soapberry leaves has great practical significance and good application prospects for improving the economic value of soapberry.

[0004] Numerous methods are currently available for isolating and purifying soapberry saponins, including water extraction and alcohol precipitation, organic solvent extraction, enzymatic extraction, macroporous resin methods, and microbial liquid fermentation. While water extraction and alcohol precipitation are the most commonly used, the resulting saponin yield and purity are low. Microorganisms, however, can significantly decompose macromolecules that are difficult to remove using physical and chemical methods. Furthermore, microbial fermentation methods offer significantly higher product purity than conventional water extraction methods.

[0005] Among them, the Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN116173548 A discloses a method for extracting soapberry saponins using a supramolecular solvent, comprising dissolving an amphiphile in ethanol or acetonitrile, adding water, vortexing, centrifuging, and taking the upper phase to obtain a supramolecular solvent; drying and crushing the soapberry, adding a supramolecular solvent and cellulase, and using an electric field-mediated superdynamic crushing method to treat the composite supramolecular solvent to screen out a superior supramolecular solvent suitable for the industrial extraction of soapberry saponins. This invention can increase the extraction rate of soapberry saponins to about 95% in a short period of time; however, its supramolecular solvent is a chemical reagent, which poses the risk of low safety and environmental factors.

[0006] Chinese invention patent application publication number CN105434234 A discloses a pure natural plant-based cleanser and preparation method. The raw materials, by weight, include: 4-8 parts soapberry, 1-3 parts saponin, and 1-3 parts tea dregs. The preparation involves drying, pulverizing, repeated enzymatic extraction, water extraction, and clarification. This invention utilizes enzymatic hydrolysis to promote the release and conversion of active ingredients, yielding a natural plant extract rich in plant saponins and nutritional trace elements. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis process is relatively costly to commercialize.

[0007] A Chinese invention patent application, publication number CN104804880 A, discloses a method for preparing a natural cleanser by microbial fermentation of soapberry peel. The main process steps are to crush the soapberry peel after high-temperature drying and then extract it with deionized water at a suitable temperature for 1 to 24 hours. The aqueous extract is inoculated with 1% to 10% acclimated logarithmic-phase Bacillus subtilis or yeast and cultured at a controlled temperature for 2 to 30 days. The microorganisms degrade impurities such as sugars, proteins, small-molecule pectins, and cellulose in the aqueous extract, producing saponins of high purity. However, this invention uses soapberry peel as the raw material for a water extraction, followed by liquid fermentation and purification of the aqueous extract. While the saponin purity is improved, the yield is low. Furthermore, the liquid fermentation control conditions are relatively stringent. If the fermentation conditions are not properly controlled, the saponins in the extract will be utilized by the microorganisms, reducing their content. Most importantly, the liquid fermentation process is small-scale and costly, limiting the industrialization of this method.

[0008] To address the above problems, the present invention utilizes a novel solid fermentation method as a pretreatment method, and then adopts a countercurrent extraction technique to extract saponin components from soapberry leaves. This invention has developed an extraction technology that is environmentally friendly, efficient, economical, high in added value, and highly industrializable, laying a solid foundation for the industrialized production of soapberry saponins. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In response to the above problems, the present invention provides a preparation method and application of a soapberry leaf extract, utilizing a novel solid fermentation as a pretreatment method, and then adopting a countercurrent extraction technology to extract saponin components from the soapberry leaves. This develops an environmentally friendly, efficient, economical, high-value-added, and highly industrializable extraction technology, laying a solid foundation for the industrial production of soapberry saponins.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0011] A preparation method of a soapberry leaf extract comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing soapberry leaves with bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate, sterilizing the mixture, using the mixture as fermentation ingredients, inoculating Aspergillus niger for solid fermentation, separating spores after fermentation to obtain spore powder and pretreated material; and extracting, purifying and concentrating the pretreated material to obtain the soapberry leaf extract.

[0012] Furthermore, in the fermentation ingredients, the weight ratio of soapberry leaf to bran, cottonseed hull, quicklime and magnesium sulfate is 60-80:5-20:5-20:0.5-2:0.1-1;

[0013] Preferably, the weight ratio of soapberry leaves to bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate is 70-80:10:10:1:0.5; the water content of the fermentation ingredients is 30-45%;

[0014] The soapberry leaves are the leaves of the soapberry from the fruit expansion period to the leaf-falling period that have been crushed and sieved.

[0015] Furthermore, the wet weight of Aspergillus niger is 15-20%, and the inoculation amount is 10-20%, preferably 15-20%.

[0016] Further, the specific process of purification is as follows:

[0017] After the extraction is completed, the obtained extract is filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate;

[0018] Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate;

[0019] The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation until the solid content reaches 20-25%, and a concentrated solution is obtained.

[0020] Furthermore, the specific process of inoculating Aspergillus niger for solid fermentation and isolating spores is as follows:

[0021] Spread the fermentation ingredients flatly, inoculate Aspergillus niger on the obtained culture medium, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze, place it in a solid incubator, and culture it at 28-32°C and 68-72% RH for 3-4 days; during the culture process, turn the culture medium over once;

[0022] After the culture is completed, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium gradually turns into spores. The culture is continued for 1 to 3 days, and then the culture is stopped, and the spores are separated and collected to obtain spore powder and the remaining material;

[0023] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold;

[0024] The remaining materials are used as pre-processing materials.

[0025] Furthermore, the extraction is performed by mixing the pretreated material with water and performing countercurrent extraction;

[0026] The extraction solvent was n-butanol;

[0027] Specifically, the extraction is to take the concentrated liquid obtained by separation, add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, stir for 20 to 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let it stand for 30 to 50 minutes, take the upper layer liquid as the extraction liquid, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure, and obtain the soapberry leaf extract.

[0028] Furthermore, during the extraction process, the weight ratio of the pretreated material to water is 1:3-5;

[0029] The temperature of countercurrent extraction is 50-70°C and the time is 2-3 hours.

[0030] Furthermore, the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:

[0031] S1. Grind the leaves of soapberry and pass them through a 50-80 mesh sieve to obtain the crushed leaves;

[0032] S2. Take the crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate, add water, and mix well to obtain a mixture;

[0033] S3. Take 2-5 kg ​​of the mixture per bag, divide it into bacteria bags, sterilize it at 110-121°C for 60-120 minutes, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the fermentation ingredients;

[0034] S4, the fermentation ingredients are transferred to a solid culture plate, the thickness of which is 5 to 10 cm, and the obtained culture medium is inoculated with Aspergillus niger. After the inoculation is completed, the surface of the inoculated culture medium is covered with sterile gauze, and then placed in a solid incubator for culturing at 28 to 32 ° C and 68 to 72% RH for 3 to 4 days; during the culturing process, the material is turned over once;

[0035] S5. After culturing for 3 to 4 days, ventilate to reduce humidity, slowly dry the obtained material, and gradually transform the mycelium into spores. Then continue culturing for 1 to 3 days, stop culturing, separate and collect spores, and obtain spore powder and pretreated material.

[0036] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent;

[0037] S6, taking water and pre-treated material, performing countercurrent extraction to obtain an extract;

[0038] S7, taking the extract and filtering it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate;

[0039] S8, taking the ultrafiltrate and filtering it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate;

[0040] S9, taking the retentate and performing vacuum rotary evaporation to concentrate until the solid content reaches 20-25%, obtaining a concentrated solution;

[0041] S10, taking the concentrated solution and adding an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, stirring for 20 to 30 minutes, transferring the solution to a separatory funnel, letting it stand for 30 to 50 minutes, taking the upper layer as the extract, extracting twice in total, combining the extracts, and evaporating to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain the soapberry leaf extract.

[0042] An application of the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the above preparation method is characterized in that the soapberry leaf extract is used as a raw material to prepare medicines, cosmetics, daily necessities or disinfection products.

[0043] Furthermore, the extract of the soapberry leaf is used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect or antibacterial effect to prepare medicines or cosmetics;

[0044] Among them, the medicine can be made into dosage forms including but not limited to common lotions, gels, ointments, suppositories, tablets, capsules, etc.;

[0045] Cosmetics can be made into products including but not limited to cosmetics with anti-inflammatory effects, cosmetics with antioxidant effects, cosmetics with whitening effects, etc.

[0046] Alternatively, the soapberry leaf extract is used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect, a raw material with antibacterial effect or a raw material with decontamination effect to prepare daily necessities;

[0047] Daily necessities can be made into various common cleaning and decontamination products, including but not limited to, kitchen wipes, dishwashing liquid, shampoo, facial cleanser, shower gel, etc.;

[0048] Alternatively, the extract of the soapberry leaves is used as a raw material with antibacterial effect to prepare a disinfectant product;

[0049] Disinfection products can be made into various common antibacterial products, sanitary wipes, etc., but are not limited to them.

[0050] The preparation method and application of the soapberry leaf extract of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0051] The invention uses soapberry leaves as raw materials to extract saponins. Compared with the traditional soapberry peel, the raw material source is wide, the regeneration time is short, and it is green and environmentally friendly, thereby improving the economic utilization value of soapberry.

[0052] The pretreatment of the present invention adopts solid fermentation technology, which has large production scale, high yield, no need to consume other reagents, low cost, simple operation, and is suitable for industrialization;

[0053] The Aspergillus niger used in the present invention can produce a large amount of cellulase, pectinase and the like during the fermentation process to promote the release of active ingredients. In addition, the bacterium rarely uses saponin as a carbon source and will not degrade the target product, thereby greatly improving the yield of the product.

[0054] The present invention can produce a large amount of spore powder in the pre-treatment stage and sell it as a composting agent for biofertilizer, and the solid waste recovered by countercurrent extraction can be sold as biofertilizer, so the economic added value of the invention is extremely high;

[0055] In summary, the present invention is an environmentally friendly, efficient, economical, high-value-added, and highly industrialized extraction technology with extremely high promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 is a process flow chart of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the liquid phase detection results of the soapberry leaf extract Z1 prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a liquid phase test result diagram of the soapberry leaf extract Z2 prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the liquid phase detection results of the soapberry leaf extract Z3 prepared in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 This is a liquid phase test result diagram of the soapberry leaf extract DZ1 prepared in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 6 This is a liquid phase detection result diagram of the ivy saponin standard in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the results of the detergency test of the soapberry leaf extract in Experimental Example 2 of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 8 It is the statistical result of the decontamination rate of each group in the decontamination test experiment of Experimental Example 2 of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the anti-inflammatory test results of the soapberry leaf extract in the rat anti-inflammatory model test experiment of Experimental Example 2 of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 10 This is the statistical result of the ear swelling rate of rats 5 days after administration in the rat anti-inflammatory model test experiment of Experimental Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0067] Example 1 Preparation method and application of a soapberry leaf extract

[0068] 1. Preparation of Sapindus mukorossi Leaf Extract

[0069] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract. Figure 1 As shown, soapberry leaf extract is prepared by crushing the leaves, mixing them with bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate, sterilizing the mixture, and inoculating Aspergillus niger to carry out solid fermentation. After the fermentation is completed, spores are separated to obtain spore powder and pre-treated material. The pre-treated material is then subjected to countercurrent extraction, purification and concentration to obtain soapberry leaf extract. The specific preparation process includes the following steps:

[0070] S1. Collect leaves of soapberry fruit at the fruit expansion stage, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve, and obtain crushed leaves.

[0071] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 80:9.5:9.5:0.5:0.5, add appropriate amount of water, and stir evenly to make the water content of the resulting mixture 35%.

[0072] S3. Take 2 kg of the mixture per bag, divide it into fungus bags, sterilize it at 115°C for 60 minutes, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0073] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat to a thickness of 6 cm. The obtained culture medium is inoculated with 15% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 15% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid incubator for 4 days at 30°C and 70% RH. During the culture process, turn the culture medium over once at 48 hours.

[0074] S5. After 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores. Then, after continuing to cultivate for 2 days, the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining material;

[0075] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0076] The remaining material is used as pretreatment material for saponin extraction.

[0077] S6. Add water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 3:1 to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70° C. for 2 h, and obtain an extract.

[0078] S7. The extract was filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0079] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate.

[0080] S9. The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation until the solid content reaches 25%, thereby obtaining a concentrated solution.

[0081] S10, take the concentrate and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, stir for 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let it stand for 30 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z1. The liquid chromatography test results are as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0082] 2. Application of Soapberry Leaf Extract

[0083] The soapberry leaf extract prepared by the invention can be used as a raw material for preparing medicines, cosmetics, daily necessities or disinfection products.

[0084] Furthermore, the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the present invention can be used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory or antibacterial effects when preparing external medicines, and can be made into dosage forms including but not limited to common lotions, gels, ointments, suppositories, tablets, capsules, etc.

[0085] The soapberry leaf extract prepared by the present invention can be used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect or antibacterial effect when preparing cosmetics, and can be made into cosmetics including but not limited to cosmetics with anti-inflammatory effect, cosmetics with antioxidant effect, cosmetics with whitening effect, etc.

[0086] When preparing daily necessities, the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the present invention can be used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect, a raw material with antibacterial effect or a raw material with decontamination effect to make various common cleaning and decontamination products including but not limited to kitchen wipes, detergents, shampoos, facial cleansers, shower gels, etc.

[0087] The soapberry leaf extract prepared by the present invention can be used as a raw material with antibacterial effect when preparing disinfection products, and can be made into various common antibacterial products, sanitary wipes, etc.

[0088] Example 2 Preparation method of a soapberry leaf extract

[0089] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0090] S1. Collect leaves of soapberry fruit at the ripening stage, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve, and obtain crushed leaves.

[0091] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 74:5:20:0.6:0.4, add appropriate amount of water, and stir evenly to make the water content of the resulting mixture 40%.

[0092] S3. Take 3 kg of the mixture per bag, divide it into fungus bags, sterilize it at 118°C for 60 minutes, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0093] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat to a thickness of 8 cm. The obtained culture medium is inoculated with 20% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 10% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid incubator for 3 days at 30°C and 70% RH. During the culture process, turn the culture medium over once at 48 hours.

[0094] S5, after culturing for 3 days, ventilate to reduce humidity, slowly dry the obtained material, and gradually transform the mycelium into spores, then continue to culture for 3 days, stop culturing, transfer to a spore collector, collect spores, and obtain spore powder and remaining materials;

[0095] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0096] The remaining material is used as pretreatment material for saponin extraction.

[0097] S6. Add water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 4:1 to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70° C. for 2 h, and obtain an extract.

[0098] S7. The extract was filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0099] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate.

[0100] S9. The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation until the solid content reaches 20%, thereby obtaining a concentrated solution.

[0101] S10, take the concentrate and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, stir for 20 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let it stand for 30 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z2. The liquid phase test results are as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0102] Example 3 Preparation method of a soapberry leaf extract

[0103] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0104] S1. Collect leaves of soapberry in the deciduous stage, crush them and pass them through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves.

[0105] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 60:20:18:1:1, add appropriate amount of water, and stir evenly to make the water content of the resulting mixture 45%.

[0106] S3. Take 5 kg of the mixture per bag, divide it into fungus bags, sterilize it at 121°C for 60 minutes, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0107] S4. The fermentation ingredients were transferred to a solid culture plate and spread to a thickness of 7 cm. The obtained culture medium was inoculated with 15% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 20% inoculation amount. After the inoculation was completed, the surface of the inoculated culture medium was covered with sterile gauze and placed in a solid incubator for 4 days at 32°C and 70% RH. During the culture process, the culture medium was turned over once at 48 hours.

[0108] S5. After 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores. Then, after continuing to cultivate for 2 days, the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining material;

[0109] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0110] The remaining material is used as pretreatment material for saponin extraction.

[0111] S6. Add water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 5:1 to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70° C. for 2 h, and obtain an extract.

[0112] S7. The extract was filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0113] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate.

[0114] S9. The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation until the solid content reaches 23%, thereby obtaining a concentrated solution.

[0115] S10, take the concentrate and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, stir for 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let it stand for 40 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z3. The liquid chromatography test results are as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0116] Example 4 Preparation method of a soapberry leaf extract

[0117] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0118] S1. Collect leaves of soapberry in the deciduous stage, crush them and pass them through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves.

[0119] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 70:9:20:0.5:0.5, add appropriate amount of water, and stir evenly to make the water content of the resulting mixture 40%.

[0120] S3. Take 2.5 kg of the mixture per bag, divide it into fungus bags, sterilize it at 115°C for 120 minutes, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0121] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flatly to a thickness of 5 cm. The obtained culture medium is inoculated with 20% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 20% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid incubator for 4 days at 30°C and 70% RH. During the culture process, turn the culture medium over once at 48 hours.

[0122] S5. After 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores. Then, after continuing to cultivate for 2 days, the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining material;

[0123] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0124] The remaining material is used as pretreatment material for saponin extraction.

[0125] S6. Add water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 3:1 to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70° C. for 2 h, and obtain an extract.

[0126] S7. The extract was filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0127] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate.

[0128] S9. The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation until the solid content reaches 20%, thereby obtaining a concentrated solution.

[0129] S10. Take the concentrated solution and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 50 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, and evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C to obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z4.

[0130] Example 5 Preparation method of a soapberry leaf extract

[0131] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0132] S1. Collect leaves of soapberry in the deciduous stage, crush them and pass them through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves.

[0133] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 73:20:5:2:0.1, add appropriate amount of water, and stir evenly to make the water content of the resulting mixture 35%.

[0134] S3. Take 2.5 kg of the mixture per bag, divide it into fungus bags, sterilize it at 115°C for 120 minutes, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0135] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat with a thickness of 10 cm. Inoculate the obtained culture medium with 18% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 20% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid incubator for 4 days at 30°C and 70% RH. During the culture process, turn the culture medium over once at 48 hours.

[0136] S5. After 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores. Then, after continuing to cultivate for 2 days, the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining material;

[0137] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0138] The remaining material is used as pretreatment material for saponin extraction.

[0139] S6. Add water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 5:1 to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70° C. for 2 h, and obtain an extract.

[0140] S7. The extract was filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0141] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate.

[0142] S9. The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation until the solid content reaches 25%, thereby obtaining a concentrated solution.

[0143] S10. Take the concentrate and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 25 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 40 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, and evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C to obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z5.

[0144] Example 6 Preparation method of soapberry leaf extract

[0145] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0146] S1. Collect leaves of soapberry in the deciduous period, crush them and pass them through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves.

[0147] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 70:10:10:1:0.5, add appropriate amount of water, and stir evenly to make the water content of the resulting mixture 30%.

[0148] S3. Take 2.5 kg of the mixture per bag, divide it into fungus bags, sterilize it at 110° C. for 100 min, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0149] S4. The fermentation ingredients were transferred to a solid culture plate and spread to a thickness of 6 cm. The obtained culture medium was inoculated with 18% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 15% inoculation amount. After the inoculation was completed, the surface of the inoculated culture medium was covered with sterile gauze and placed in a solid incubator for 3.5 days at 28 ° C and 72% RH. During the culture process, the culture medium was turned over once at 36 hours.

[0150] S5. After culturing for 3.5 days, ventilate to reduce humidity, slowly dry the obtained material, and gradually transform the mycelium into spores. Then, continue culturing for 2 days, stop culturing, transfer to a spore collector, collect spores, and obtain spore powder and remaining materials.

[0151] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0152] The remaining material is used as pretreatment material for saponin extraction.

[0153] S6. Add water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 5:1 into a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 50° C. for 3 h, and obtain an extract.

[0154] S7. The extract was filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0155] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate.

[0156] S9. The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation until the solid content reaches 25%, thereby obtaining a concentrated solution.

[0157] S10. Take the concentrated solution and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 25 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 40 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, and evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 62°C to obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, labeled as Z6.

[0158] Example 7 Preparation method of soapberry leaf extract

[0159] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0160] S1. Collect leaves of soapberry in the deciduous period, crush them and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves.

[0161] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 75:10:10:1:0.5, add appropriate amount of water, and stir evenly to make the water content of the resulting mixture 45%.

[0162] S3. Take 2.5 kg of the mixture per bag, divide it into fungus bags, sterilize it at 115°C for 80 minutes, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0163] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat to a thickness of 7 cm. The obtained culture medium is inoculated with 18% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria, and the inoculation amount is 18%. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid incubator for 4 days at 32°C and 68% RH. During the culture process, turn the culture medium over once at 48 hours.

[0164] S5. After 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores. Then, after continuing to cultivate for 1 day, the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining material;

[0165] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0166] The remaining material is used as pretreatment material for saponin extraction.

[0167] S6. Add water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 5:1 into a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 60° C. for 2.5 hours, and obtain an extract.

[0168] S7. The extract was filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0169] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate.

[0170] S9. The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation until the solid content reaches 25%, thereby obtaining a concentrated solution.

[0171] S10. Take the concentrate and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 25 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 40 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, and evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 58°C to obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, labeled as Z7.

[0172] Comparative Example 1: Preparation method of soapberry leaf extract

[0173] S1. Collect leaves of soapberry fruit at the fruit expansion stage, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve, and obtain crushed leaves.

[0174] S2. Add water and crushed leaves in a weight ratio of 3:1 into a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70°C for 2 hours, and obtain an extract.

[0175] S3. The extract was filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0176] S3. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate.

[0177] S4. The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation until the solid content reaches 25%, thereby obtaining a concentrated solution.

[0178] S5. Take the concentrate and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let it stand for 30 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice, combine the extracts, evaporate under reduced pressure at 60°C, and obtain the saponin sample, which is labeled DZ1. The liquid phase test results are as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0179] Comparative Example 2: Preparation method of a soapberry leaf extract

[0180] S1. Collect the leaves of soapberry in the deciduous period and crush them through a 60-mesh sieve;

[0181] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 70:26:3:0.5:0.5, add appropriate amount of water, and stir evenly to make the water content of the resulting mixture 35%.

[0182] S3. Take 2.5 kg of the mixture per bag, divide it into fungus bags, sterilize it at 115°C for 120 minutes, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0183] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flatly to a thickness of 5 cm. The obtained culture medium is inoculated with 20% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 20% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid incubator for 4 days at 30°C and 70% RH. During the culture process, turn the culture medium over once at 48 hours.

[0184] S5. After 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores. Then, after continuing to cultivate for 2 days, the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining material;

[0185] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0186] The remaining material is used as pretreatment material for saponin extraction.

[0187] S6. Add water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 3:1 to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70° C. for 2 h, and obtain an extract.

[0188] S7. The extract was filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0189] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate.

[0190] S9. The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation until the solid content reaches 20%, thereby obtaining a concentrated solution.

[0191] S10. Take the concentrate and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 50 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, and evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C to obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, labeled as DZ2.

[0192] Experimental Example 1 Component Analysis of Sapindus Mukorossi Leaf Extract

[0193] The total saponin components of the extracts Z1-Z5 and DZ1-DZ2 prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were analyzed, wherein the ivy saponin standard was used as the reference (the liquid phase diagram of the ivy saponin standard is as follows Figure 6 The content and transfer rate of total saponins were determined by chromatographic analysis and spectrophotometry. The specific results are as follows:

[0194] Table 1 Summary of the test results of extracts from soapberry leaves

[0195]

[0196] As can be seen from Table 1, the hederagenin and total saponin contents in the soapberry leaf extract prepared in Example 1 were significantly higher than those in Comparative Example 1. This shows that using the same extraction process, whether or not the soapberry leaf is subjected to solid fermentation pretreatment using Aspergillus niger has a significant effect on the hederagenin and total saponin contents, indicating that the present invention can greatly improve product yield and transfer rate by using Aspergillus niger to treat the soapberry leaf with solid fermentation. At the same time, the hederagenin and total saponin contents in the soapberry leaf extract prepared in Example 4 were significantly higher than those in Comparative Example 2. This shows that even if Aspergillus niger is used to treat the soapberry leaf with solid fermentation pretreatment under the same conditions, simply changing the ratio of the soapberry leaf to bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime, and magnesium sulfate can also affect the hederagenin and total saponin contents to a certain extent.

[0197] In summary, it can be seen that the specific preparation method of the present invention can effectively improve the yield and purity of the product.

[0198] Experimental Example 2 Application of Sapindus mukorossi Leaf Extract

[0199] 1. Antibacterial test

[0200] 1) Experimental methods:

[0201] Test basis: "Disinfection Technical Specifications" (2002 edition)

[0202] Test conditions: Test environment temperature 20.1-22.5℃, relative humidity 49-53%RH

[0203] 2) Preparation of antibacterial spray

[0204] According to weight percentage, 10% of the soapberry leaf extract Z1 or DZ1 prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, 0.5% of low-viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose (viscosity is generally 10-500 cps), 5% of glycerol, 2% of propylene glycol, and 82.5% of purified water are prepared into an antibacterial spray (i.e., the soapberry leaf extract Z1 is prepared into the antibacterial spray ZW1, and the soapberry leaf extract DZ1 is prepared into the antibacterial spray DZW1).

[0205] 3) Experimental results

[0206] Antibacterial sprays ZW1 and DZW1 were used for antibacterial experiments. Antibacterial spray DZW1 was used as experimental group 1 and antibacterial spray ZW1 was used as experimental group 2. Microbial inhibition experiments were performed on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, respectively. The results are shown in the table below.

[0207] Table 2 Antibacterial test results

[0208]

[0209] Note: Evaluation standard: Technical Specifications for Disinfection, 2002 edition; if the antibacterial rate is >50-90%, the product has antibacterial effect; if it is >90%, it has strong antibacterial effect.

[0210] As can be seen from Table 2, the soapberry leaf extracts prepared according to the present invention have a good antibacterial effect. Specifically, the antibacterial effect of the soapberry leaf extract Z1 prepared in Example 1 of the present invention is significantly better than that of the soapberry leaf extract DZ1 prepared in Comparative Example 1. This indicates that the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the specific preparation method of the present invention has a better antibacterial effect than the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the traditional extraction method. Furthermore, this also indicates that the soapberry leaf extract with a higher saponin content has a better antibacterial effect.

[0211] 2. Decontamination ability test

[0212] 1) Experimental Materials

[0213] Soapberry saponin extract, laundry detergent, photoelectric colorimeter, medical gauze

[0214] 2) Experimental methods

[0215] Preparation of surfactants: Take soapberry leaf extract Z1, soapberry leaf extract DZ1 and laundry detergent as surfactants, and use 250ppm hard water to prepare corresponding washing liquids (i.e. laundry detergent washing liquid, soapberry leaf extract washing liquid ZX1 prepared from soapberry leaf extract Z1, soapberry leaf extract washing liquid DZX1 prepared from soapberry leaf extract DZ1), each washing liquid contains 0.5% surfactant and is set aside.

[0216] Preparation of oil stain: Weigh 10 parts of peanut oil, 10 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of water and 6 parts of caramel color according to the weight ratio, mix well to obtain mixed oil stain, and set aside.

[0217] Preparation of dirty cloth: Take a cut white rag (10×10 cm), add 5 mL of mixed oil to each rag, rub it evenly, dry it and set aside.

[0218] A photoelectric colorimeter was used to read the whiteness of each dirty cloth surface by the intensity of reflected light. The photoelectric colorimeter was used to read the reflectivity of 5 locations on both the front and back sides of each piece of dirty cloth, and the average value was used as the floodlight of the dirty cloth. During the dirty cloth washing process, four groups of washing liquids were used to wash the dirty cloth, among which 250ppm hard water was used as the negative group, laundry detergent solution was used as the positive group, soapberry leaf extract washing liquid DZX1 was used as experimental group 1, and soapberry leaf extract washing liquid ZX1 was used as experimental group 2. An electric stirrer was used at room temperature at 160r / min. After stirring for 3 minutes, the dirty cloth was taken out and washed twice with tap water. After washing, each piece of dirty cloth was naturally dried and the whiteness value of the dirty cloth surface was read again using a photoelectric colorimeter. The specific results are shown in the table. Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown.

[0219] Decontamination rate DE = [(R W -R S ) / (R0-R S )]×100%

[0220] in,

[0221] R0 is the whiteness value of the original white cloth;

[0222] R S is the whiteness value of the soiled cloth before washing;

[0223] R W It is the whiteness value of the dirty cloth after washing.

[0224] Depend on Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be seen that the soapberry leaf extracts prepared according to the present invention all have significant detergency. Specifically, the soapberry leaf extract Z1 prepared in Example 1 of the present invention has significantly better detergency than the soapberry leaf extract DZ1 prepared in Comparative Example 1. This indicates that the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the specific preparation method of the present invention has stronger detergency than the soapberry leaf extract prepared by conventional extraction methods, and its detergency is substantially comparable to that of conventional laundry detergents. Furthermore, this also indicates that the soapberry leaf extract with a higher saponin content has even stronger detergency.

[0225] 3. Rat Anti-inflammatory Model Test

[0226] 1) Experimental Materials

[0227] Experimental animals: SPF grade rats, weighing 80-100 g, male.

[0228] Reagents: chloral hydrate, distilled water, Propionibacterium acnes, etc.

[0229] Instruments: high-definition camera, digital thickness gauge, electric hair clipper, etc.

[0230] 2) Preparation of anti-inflammatory acne gel

[0231] By weight percentage, 2.5% of the soapberry leaf extracts Z1 and DZ1 prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, 2% of medium-viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose (viscosity is generally 3000-10000 cps), 5% of glycerin, 2% of propylene glycol and 88.5% of purified water were prepared into corresponding anti-inflammatory and anti-acne gels (i.e., the soapberry leaf extract Z1 was prepared into the anti-inflammatory and anti-acne gel ZJ1, and the soapberry leaf extract DZ1 was prepared into the anti-inflammatory and anti-acne gel DZJ1).

[0232] A blank gel was prepared by taking 2% of medium-viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose (usually with a viscosity of 3000-10000 cps), 5% of glycerol, 2% of propylene glycol and 91% of purified water by weight.

[0233] 3) Experimental methods

[0234] Sixteen rats were randomly divided into four drug-treated groups, namely blank group, model group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2, with four rats in each group. Except for the blank group, the rats in the other groups were subjected to acne-induced inflammation model on the inside and outside of the left ear. After the model was successfully established, the corresponding gel was applied to the inside and outside of the left ear of the rats in each drug-treated group. The blank group and the model group were applied with blank gel, the experimental group 1 was applied with anti-inflammatory acne gel DZJ1, and the experimental group 2 was applied with anti-inflammatory acne gel ZJ1. The gel was applied twice a day for 5 consecutive days. Then, the thickness of the left and right ears of each experimental animal was measured with a digital thickness gauge, and the thickness difference between the left and right ears of each experimental animal was calculated. The ear swelling rate of the rats and the therapeutic effect on acne were observed. The specific results are shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10 .

[0235] Wherein, rat auricle swelling rate (%) = (left ear thickness - right ear thickness) / right ear thickness × 100%

[0236] Depend on Figure 9 and Figure 10 As can be seen, compared with the model group, the auricle swelling rate of rats in experimental group 1 decreased, but the auricle swelling rate of rats in experimental group 2 decreased significantly, the auricle papules and pustules subsided significantly, and the auricles felt soft to the touch, showing a good therapeutic effect on inflammation and acne. This indicates that the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the specific preparation method of the present invention has better anti-inflammatory and detumescent effects than the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the traditional extraction method. Furthermore, it can also be shown that the soapberry leaf extract with a higher saponin content has better anti-inflammatory and detumescent effects.

[0237] Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing soapberry leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 60-80:5-20:5-20:0.5-2:0.1-1, sterilizing the mixture and using the mixture as fermentation ingredients; Spread the fermentation ingredients flatly, inoculate Aspergillus niger on the obtained culture medium, and culture after the inoculation is completed; during the culture process, turn the medium over once; After the cultivation is completed, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, the mycelium is transformed into spores, the cultivation is continued, and then the cultivation is stopped, the spores are separated and collected, and spore powder and the remaining material are obtained; The remaining materials are used as pre-processing materials; The pretreated material is mixed with water and subjected to countercurrent extraction to obtain an extract; The extract was filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate; Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate; The retentate is concentrated until the solid content reaches 20-25%, and the concentrate is obtained; The concentrated solution was added with an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, and the extraction was performed twice. The extracts were combined and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain the soapberry leaf extract.

2. The method for preparing the soapberry leaf extract according to claim 1, wherein The wet weight of Aspergillus niger is 15~20% and the inoculation amount is 10~20%.

3. The method for preparing the soapberry leaf extract according to claim 1, wherein During the extraction process, the weight ratio of pretreated material to water is 1:3~5; The temperature of countercurrent extraction is 50~70℃ and the time is 2~3h.

4. The method for preparing the soapberry leaf extract according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: S1. Grind and sieve soapberry leaves to obtain crushed leaves; S2. Take the crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate, add water, and mix well to obtain a mixture; S3. Take the mixture and pack it separately, sterilize it at 110-121°C for 60-120 minutes, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the fermentation ingredients; S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flatly to a thickness of 5-10 cm. Inoculate the resulting culture medium with Aspergillus niger and culture at 28-32°C and 68-72% RH for 3-4 days. Stir the culture medium once during the culture process. S5. After culturing for 3 to 4 days, ventilate to reduce humidity, slowly dry the obtained material, and transform the mycelium into spores. Then continue culturing for 1 to 3 days, stop culturing, separate and collect spores, and obtain spore powder and pretreated material; Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent; S6, taking water and pre-treated material, performing countercurrent extraction to obtain an extract; S7, taking the extract and filtering it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate; S8, taking the ultrafiltrate and filtering it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate; S9, taking the retentate and concentrating it until the solid content reaches 20-25%, a concentrated solution is obtained; S10, taking the concentrated solution and adding an equal volume of n-butanol to perform extraction, extracting twice in total, combining the extracts, and evaporating to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain the soapberry leaf extract.

5. A use of the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The soapberry leaf extract is used as a raw material to prepare medicines, cosmetics, daily necessities or disinfection products.

6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that The extract of the soapberry leaf is used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect or antibacterial effect to prepare medicines or cosmetics; Alternatively, the extract of the soapberry leaf is used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect, a raw material with antibacterial effect or a raw material with decontamination effect to prepare daily necessities; Alternatively, the soapberry leaf extract is used as a raw material with antibacterial effect to prepare a disinfectant product.

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