Synthesis gas scrubber column

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of synthesis gas washing tower, including tower body, tray structure, first downcomer, wherein tower body has overflow cavity and with overflow cavity communication inlet and exhaust port;Tray structure is multiple, multiple tray structure is spaced along the height direction of tower body;Wherein, at least one tray structure in multiple tray structure is provided with water distribution pipe, and water distribution pipe extends along horizontal direction, water distribution pipe has multiple spray ports, multiple spray ports are used to spray water on tray structure;The first end of first downcomer is inserted into overflow cavity and is communicated with water distribution pipe, the second end of first downcomer is located outside overflow cavity, and is communicated with external water source;First downcomer is multiple, the first end of multiple first downcomer is respectively communicated with different positions of water distribution pipe.The present application solves the problem that the tray of the synthesis gas washing tower in the prior art is easily blocked due to unreasonable structure, which causes the water-carrying phenomenon of synthesis gas to be more serious.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of synthetic gas washing equipment, in particular to a synthetic gas washing tower. BACKGROUND

[0002] Coal gasification is an important part of modern coal chemical industry, whether it is coal liquefaction mainly for producing oil products, or coal chemical industry mainly for producing chemical products, coal gasification technology is the key technology of the whole production process.

[0003] The synthetic gas washing tower is one of the important components of the coal chemical gasification device, which functions to carry out gas rough synthesis during the operation of the gasification furnace and form a rough synthetic gas. The rough synthetic gas is washed in the synthetic gas washing tower and the ash powder in the rough synthetic gas is washed clean, so as to meet the production requirements of the subsequent production device. During the operation of the production device, the synthetic gas washing tower is washed by high-pressure circulating water. Because there are many suspended solids in the high-pressure circulating water, long-term washing of the tower tray of the synthetic gas washing tower can easily cause the tower tray to be scaled. Under the condition of high load of the gasification furnace, the synthetic gas washing tower is prone to water carrying, which seriously restricts the long-period full-load operation of the gasification furnace.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the operation stability of the synthetic gas washing tower and avoid the phenomenon of water carrying of the synthetic gas due to the low liquid level of the synthetic gas washing tower, which causes the interlock trip of the gasification furnace, is one of the bottlenecks in the development of the coal chemical industry. The structure of the tower tray in the synthetic gas washing tower is unreasonable, the suspended solids in the water quality of the washing water used for washing the tower tray are too much, the water quality is poor, and the fourth layer of the tower tray is prone to ash accumulation. The bubble cap causes the synthetic gas overflow gap to become small, which causes the tower tray to be blocked, and the phenomenon of water carrying of the synthetic gas is more serious. SUMMARY

[0005] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a synthetic gas washing tower to solve the problem that the tower tray of the synthetic gas washing tower in the prior art is prone to blockage due to unreasonable structure, which causes the phenomenon of water carrying of the synthetic gas to be more serious.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a synthetic gas washing tower, which comprises a tower body, a tower tray structure and a first downcomer. The tower body has a flow-through cavity, an inlet and an outlet which communicate with the flow-through cavity. The tower tray structure is multiple, and the multiple tower tray structures are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tower body. At least one tower tray structure in the multiple tower tray structures is provided with a water distribution pipe, and the water distribution pipe extends along the horizontal direction. The water distribution pipe has multiple spray openings for spraying water onto the tower tray structure. The first end of the first downcomer extends into the flow-through cavity and communicates with the water distribution pipe. The second end of the first downcomer is located outside the flow-through cavity and communicates with an external water source. There are multiple first downcomers, and the first ends of the multiple first downcomers respectively communicate with different positions of the water distribution pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, the water distribution pipe has multiple connecting ports, which are evenly spaced along the length of the water distribution pipe. The multiple first downcomers correspond one-to-one to the multiple connecting ports, and the first end of each first downcomer is connected to the water distribution pipe through the connecting port.

[0008] Furthermore, the first diameter D1 of the first downcomer ranges from 3 inches to 10 inches.

[0009] Furthermore, the synthesis gas washing tower also includes a cofferdam structure, which is connected to the cavity wall of the flow cavity, and the cofferdam structure is connected to the tower plate structure and is located on a part of the outer periphery of the tower plate structure to form a disc shape with the tower plate structure; there are multiple cofferdam structures, and the multiple cofferdam structures correspond to the multiple tower plate structures one by one; wherein the cofferdam structure has an overflow channel, the first end of the overflow channel penetrates the end surface of the cofferdam structure facing the tower plate structure to form an overflow hole, and the overflow hole is connected to the flow channel of the tower plate structure; the second end of the overflow channel penetrates the end surface of the cofferdam structure facing downward To form a spray hole for spraying water onto another adjacent tower plate structure located below through the spray hole, and / or for spraying water onto another adjacent cofferdam structure located below through the spray hole; at least one of the multiple cofferdam structures has an overflow opening on its upward end surface, and the overflow opening is connected to the overflow channel; the spray hole of at least the cofferdam structure connected to the tower plate structure with the water distribution pipe is connected to the first end of the second downcomer, and the second end of the second downcomer is connected to the overflow opening on another adjacent cofferdam structure located below.

[0010] Furthermore, there are multiple overflow holes, and the multiple overflow holes are arranged at intervals; and / or, there are multiple spray holes, and the multiple spray holes are arranged at intervals; there are multiple flow ports, and the multiple flow ports are arranged at intervals; there are multiple second downcomers, and the first end of each second downcomer is connected to the corresponding spray holes, and the second end of each second downcomer is connected to the corresponding flow ports.

[0011] Furthermore, the second diameter D2 of the second downcomer ranges from 3 inches to 10 inches.

[0012] Furthermore, a central avoidance hole is provided on the top of the bubble cap of at least the tower tray structure having the water distribution pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the diameter of the central avoidance hole ranges from 5 to 15 mm.

[0014] Further, the synthesis gas washing tower further comprises a demister and a third downcomer, wherein the demister is arranged in the overflow chamber and located at the top of the overflow chamber, the demister has a separation chamber and a gas discharge port in communication with the separation chamber, the separation chamber is used for separating gas and liquid; the first end of the third downcomer is in communication with the separation chamber, and the second end of the third downcomer is in communication with the overflow port on the weir structure at the top; wherein the weir structure has a plurality of overflow ports, and the third downcomer is a plurality of, the plurality of third downcomers correspond to the plurality of overflow ports one by one, the first end of each third downcomer is in communication with the separation chamber, and the second end of each third downcomer is in communication with the corresponding overflow port on the weir structure at the top.

[0015] Further, the first end of at least one third downcomer in the plurality of third downcomers is in communication with the tapered position of the separation chamber, and the first end of the remaining third downcomer is in communication with the circumferential position of the separation chamber.

[0016] The technical scheme of the present application provides a synthesis gas washing tower, which comprises a tower body and a tray structure, wherein the tower body has an overflow chamber, an air inlet and an air outlet in communication with the overflow chamber; the tray structure is a plurality of, and the plurality of tray structures are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tower body; wherein at least one tray structure in the plurality of tray structures is provided with a water distribution pipe, and the water distribution pipe extends along the horizontal direction, the water distribution pipe has a plurality of spray ports for spraying water onto the tray structure; a first downcomer, the first end of the first downcomer extends into the overflow chamber and is in communication with the water distribution pipe, and the second end of the first downcomer is located outside the overflow chamber and is in communication with an external water source; the first downcomer is a plurality of, and the first end of each first downcomer is in communication with a different position of the water distribution pipe.

[0017] The present application provides a synthesis gas washing tower by arranging a plurality of first downcomers and connecting the first end of each first downcomer to a different position of the water distribution pipe, so as to ensure that the water sprayed from the plurality of spray ports of the water distribution pipe is as uniform as possible, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the water sprayed on the tray structure. In addition, since the second end of each first downcomer is in communication with an external water source, good quality water is introduced, thereby avoiding the blockage of the tray structure due to poor water quality and a large amount of suspended solids in the water, and reducing the occurrence of water entrainment phenomenon as much as possible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings accompanying the specification of the present application form a part thereof, serve to provide further understanding of the present application, and together with the specification explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a synthesis gas washing tower according to an optional embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2An enlarged structural schematic view of A in Figure 1

[0021] Figure 3 An enlarged structural schematic view of A in Figure 1

[0022] Figure 4 An enlarged structural schematic view of A in Figure 1

[0023] Figure 5 An enlarged structural schematic view of A in Figure 1

[0024] Wherein, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference signs:

[0025] 10, tower body; 11, flow passage;

[0026] 20, tray structure; 21, first layer tray; 22, second layer tray; 23, third layer tray; 24, fourth layer tray; 25, fifth layer tray; 26, sixth layer tray;

[0027] 30, water distribution pipe; 31, communication port;

[0028] 40, first downcomer;

[0029] 50, cofferdam structure; 51, overflow passage; 52, overflow hole; 53, spray hole; 54, flow port;

[0030] 60, second downcomer;

[0031] 70, demister; 71, separation cavity; 72, gas discharge port;

[0032] 80, third downcomer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. The description of the at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative, but not as any limitation on the present application and its application or use. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] ​​​​In order to solve the problem that the tray of the synthetic gas washing tower in the prior art is easily blocked due to unreasonable structure, and the water-carrying phenomenon of the synthetic gas is more serious, the present application provides a synthetic gas washing tower.

[0035] As shown in Figures 1 to 5 , the synthetic gas washing tower comprises a tower body 10, a tray structure 20 and a first downcomer 40, wherein the tower body 10 has a flow cavity 11, an air inlet and an air outlet which are communicated with the flow cavity 11; the tray structure 20 is multiple, and the multiple tray structures 20 are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tower body 10; wherein at least one tray structure 20 in the multiple tray structures 20 is provided with a water distribution pipe 30, and the water distribution pipe 30 extends along the horizontal direction, and the water distribution pipe 30 has multiple spray openings for spraying water onto the tray structure 20; the first end of the first downcomer 40 extends into the flow cavity 11 and is communicated with the water distribution pipe 30, and the second end of the first downcomer 40 is located outside the flow cavity 11 and is communicated with an external water source; the first downcomer 40 is multiple, and the first ends of the multiple first downcomers 40 are respectively communicated with different positions of the water distribution pipe 30.

[0036] The present application ensures that the multiple spray openings of the water distribution pipe 30 can spray as uniform water as possible by arranging multiple first downcomers 40 and respectively communicating the first ends of the multiple first downcomers 40 with different positions of the water distribution pipe 30, so as to ensure the uniformity of the wetting of the spray water on the tray structure 20, and in addition, since the second ends of the first downcomers 40 are all communicated with the external water source, good water quality is introduced to avoid the blockage of the tray structure 20 due to poor water quality and too much suspended matter in the water, and the occurrence of the water-carrying phenomenon of the synthetic gas is reduced as much as possible.

[0037] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the water distribution pipe 30 has multiple communication openings 31, the multiple communication openings 31 are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the water distribution pipe 30, the multiple first downcomers 40 correspond to the multiple communication openings 31 one by one, and the first ends of the first downcomers 40 are all communicated with the water distribution pipe 30 through the communication openings 31. In this way, the uniformity of the distribution of the external water source introduced by the first downcomer 40 on the water distribution pipe 30 is ensured.

[0038] It should be noted that in the present application, the first pipe diameter D1 of the first downcomer 40 is 3-10 inches.

[0039] Preferably, the first pipe diameter D1 of the first downcomer 40 is 6 inches.

[0040] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the synthesis gas washing tower further comprises a cofferdam structure 50 connected with the cavity wall surface of the flow passage 11, the cofferdam structure 50 is connected with the tray structure 20 and located at the partial outer circumferential side of the tray structure 20 to form a disc shape with the tray structure 20; the cofferdam structure 50 is multiple, and the multiple cofferdam structures 50 correspond to the multiple tray structures 20 one by one; wherein the cofferdam structure 50 has an overflow channel 51, the first end of the overflow channel 51 penetrates the end surface of the cofferdam structure 50 towards the tray structure 20 to form an overflow hole 52, the overflow hole 52 is in communication with the flow channel of the tray structure 20; the second end of the overflow channel 51 penetrates the downward end surface of the cofferdam structure 50 to form a spray hole 53, so as to spray water to the adjacent lower tray structure 20 through the spray hole 53, and / or spray water to the adjacent lower cofferdam structure 50 through the spray hole 53; the upward end surface of at least one cofferdam structure 50 in the multiple cofferdam structures 50 is provided with a flow port 54, and the flow port 54 is in communication with the overflow channel 51; the spray hole 53 of the cofferdam structure 50 connected with the tray structure 20 having the water distribution pipe 30 is in communication with the first end of the second downcomer 60, and the second end of the second downcomer 60 is in communication with the flow port 54 on the adjacent lower cofferdam structure 50.

[0041] It should be noted that in the present application, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the tray structure 20 comprises a first layer of trays 21, a second layer of trays 22, a third layer of trays 23, a fourth layer of trays 24, a fifth layer of trays 25, a sixth layer of trays 26, and corresponding first layer of weir structures 50, second layer of weir structures 50, third layer of weir structures 50, fourth layer of weir structures 50, fifth layer of weir structures 50, sixth layer of weir structures 50, wherein the fourth layer of trays 24 is provided with a water distribution pipe 30, and the corresponding fourth layer of weir structures 50 is provided with at least an overflow channel 51, an overflow hole 52, and a spray hole 53, the third layer of weir structures 50 is provided with an overflow channel 51, an overflow hole 52, a spray hole 53, and an overflow port 54, and the sixth layer of weir structures 50 is provided with an overflow channel 51, an overflow hole 52, a spray hole 53, and an overflow port 54. In this way, it is ensured that the water sprayed by the water distribution pipe 30 onto the fourth layer of trays 24 can flow into the overflow channel 51 through the overflow hole 52, and then flow into the overflow port 54 of the third layer of weir structures 50 through the second downcomer 60, the overflow channel 51 of the third layer of weir structures 50, the overflow hole 52 of the third layer of weir structures 50, and the spray hole 53 of the third layer of weir structures 50, and then sprayed downward to the second layer of trays 22, so that the water on the second layer of trays 22 continues to flow to the overflow channel 51 of the second layer of weir structures 50 through the overflow hole 52 of the second layer of weir structures 50, and then continues to flow downward through the spray hole 53 of the second layer of weir structures 50, and so on.

[0042] Optionally, the overflow hole 52 is a plurality of overflow holes 52, and the plurality of overflow holes 52 are arranged at intervals; and / or, the spray hole 53 is a plurality of spray holes 53, and the plurality of spray holes 53 are arranged at intervals; the overflow port 54 is a plurality of overflow ports 54, and the plurality of overflow ports 54 are arranged at intervals; and the second downcomer 60 is a plurality of second downcomers 60, and the first end of each second downcomer 60 is in communication with a corresponding spray hole 53, and the second end of each second downcomer 60 is in communication with a corresponding overflow port 54. In this way, it is ensured that the plurality of second downcomers 60 can simultaneously realize the timely introduction of water in the overflow channel 51 of the fourth layer of weir structures 50 into the overflow channel 51 of the third layer of weir structures 50.

[0043] It should be noted that, in the present application, the second tube diameter D2 of the second downcomer 60 is in the range of 3-10 inches.

[0044] Preferably, the second tube diameter D2 of the second downcomer 60 is 6 inches.

[0045] It should be noted that, in the present application, the tray structure 20 at least has a center avoiding hole opened at the top of the bubble cap. In this way, the center avoiding hole is beneficial to the avoiding effect of the gas entering through the air inlet at the bottom of the overflow cavity 11.

[0046] It should be noted that, in the present application, the center avoiding hole has a hole diameter in the range of 5-15 mm.

[0047] Preferably, the central avoidance hole has a hole diameter of 10 mm.

[0048] As shown in Figure 1 The synthesis gas washing tower further comprises a demister 70 and a third downcomer 80. The demister 70 is arranged in the overflow chamber 11 and located at the top of the overflow chamber 11. The demister 70 has a separation chamber 71 for separating gas and liquid, and a gas discharge port 72 communicating with the separation chamber 71. The first end of the third downcomer 80 communicates with the separation chamber 71, and the second end of the third downcomer 80 communicates with the overflow port 54 on the weir structure 50 at the top. The weir structure 50 has a plurality of overflow ports 54, and the third downcomer 80 is also a plurality of third downcomers 80. The plurality of third downcomers 80 correspond to the plurality of overflow ports 54 one by one. The first end of each third downcomer 80 communicates with the separation chamber 71, and the second end of each third downcomer 80 communicates with the corresponding overflow port 54 on the weir structure 50 at the top. In this way, by arranging the third downcomer 80 in a plurality of structures, it ensures that the water separated in the separation chamber 71 can be discharged in time, that is, the liquid flow of the demister 70 is increased, and the water content of the synthesis gas is reduced.

[0049] It should be noted that in the present application, the third pipe diameter D3 of the third downcomer 80 is 3 inches.

[0050] As shown in Figure 1 The first end of at least one third downcomer 80 in the plurality of third downcomers 80 communicates with the tapered position of the separation chamber 71, and the first end of the remaining third downcomer 80 communicates with the circumferential position of the separation chamber 71. In this way, it ensures that the water separated in the separation chamber 71 can flow into the overflow port 54 on the sixth weir structure 50 as quickly as possible under the action of its own gravity.

[0051] It should be noted that in the present application, the tapered position of the separation chamber 71 is provided with a 2-inch hole pipe, which communicates with the first end of the third downcomer 80.

[0052] The present application arranges the first downcomer 40 in a plurality of structures, and the first end of each first downcomer 40 communicates with a different position of the water distribution pipe 30. This ensures that the plurality of spray ports of the water distribution pipe 30 can spray water as uniformly as possible, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the spray water on the tray structure 20. In addition, since the second end of each first downcomer 40 communicates with an external water source, good water quality is introduced to avoid clogging of the tray structure 20 due to poor water quality and a large amount of suspended solids in the water, and to reduce the occurrence of water entrainment of the synthesis gas as much as possible.

[0053] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0054] The new process has the following advantages:

[0055] (1) The flushing water of the synthetic gas washing tower after modification is introduced into the fourth layer of tray 24, which effectively improves the water quality of the flushing water of the fourth layer of tray 24.

[0056] (2) The center avoidance through hole opened at the top of the fourth layer of tray 24 increases the synthetic gas flow area, effectively reducing the occurrence of the synthetic gas washing tower water carrying phenomenon.

[0057] (3) The synthetic gas washing tower tray structure is optimized, the number of original synthetic gas washing tower top defoamer drain lines is increased, and when the synthetic gas washing tower tray appears liquid carrying, the maximum limit is used to alleviate the situation that the synthetic gas washing tower liquid level drops too fast.

[0058] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments consistent with the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0059] The relative arrangement of parts and steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in the examples are not intended to limit the scope of the application unless otherwise specifically stated. It should be understood that the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not necessarily to scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail, but should be considered as part of the description of the application. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific value should be interpreted as merely an example, and not as a limitation. Thus, other examples of the example embodiments can have different values. It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be discussed further in subsequent drawings.

[0060] For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", "left", "rear", "front", "vertical", "horizontal", and derivatives thereof shall relate to the application as it is oriented in the drawing figures. The terms "on", "above", "under", "below" and derivatives thereof shall relate to the application as it is oriented in the drawing figures. Where, for purposes of clarity, directional terms are used in the description, it should be understood that relative terms such as "above" and "below" and "up" and "down" are used to describe the relative positions for purposes of explanation only. Changes in both the recited position and the use of the terms will depend on the context in which it is used and on the position of the device being described. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc., do not necessarily indicate any ordinal, chronological or relative importance, but are merely used to distinguish one element from another. The terms "a" and "an" and "the" and similar reference use in the context of the specification do not exclude the presence of several possible alternatives, even though these terms can use singular and singular forms "a" or "an" and also "the" include one or more applications, unless otherwise indicated.

[0061] It is also to be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising", when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0062] It is also to be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising", when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0063] The specific embodiments described herein are examples of implementations and do not represent the only implementations in which the present application can be practiced. The present application is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. Rather, the present application is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or being carried out in various ways. Variations and modifications of the present application are possible in light of the foregoing description.

Claims

1. A synthesis gas scrubber, characterized in that: include: A tower body (10), the tower body (10) having a flow cavity (11) and an air inlet and an air outlet communicated with the flow cavity (11); a tower tray structure (20), wherein the tower tray structure (20) is multiple, and the multiple tower tray structures (20) are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tower body (10); At least one of the plurality of tray structures (20) is provided with a water distribution pipe (30), and the water distribution pipe (30) extends in a horizontal direction. The water distribution pipe (30) has a plurality of spray ports, and the plurality of spray ports are used to spray water onto the tray structure (20); a first downcomer (40), wherein a first end of the first downcomer (40) extends into the flow chamber (11) and communicates with the water distribution pipe (30), and a second end of the first downcomer (40) is located outside the flow chamber (11) and communicates with an external water source; There are a plurality of first downcomers (40), and first ends of the plurality of first downcomers (40) are respectively connected to different positions of the water distribution pipe (30); The water distribution pipe (30) has a plurality of communication openings (31), and the plurality of communication openings (31) are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the water distribution pipe (30). The plurality of first downcomers (40) correspond one-to-one to the plurality of communication openings (31), and the first end of each of the first downcomers (40) is connected to the water distribution pipe (30) through the communication opening (31); The synthesis gas scrubber further comprises: a cofferdam structure (50), the cofferdam structure (50) being connected to a cavity wall surface of the flow cavity (11), the cofferdam structure (50) being connected to the tower tray structure (20) and being located on a portion of the outer periphery of the tower tray structure (20) so as to form a disc shape with the tower tray structure (20); There are multiple cofferdam structures (50), and the multiple cofferdam structures (50) correspond one-to-one to the multiple tower tray structures (20); The cofferdam structure (50) has an overflow channel (51), a first end of the overflow channel (51) passes through the end surface of the cofferdam structure (50) facing the tower tray structure (20) to form an overflow hole (52), and the overflow hole (52) is connected to the flow channel of the tower tray structure (20); The second end of the overflow channel (51) passes through the downward end surface of the cofferdam structure (50) to form a spray hole (53) for spraying water onto another adjacent tray structure (20) located below through the spray hole (53), and / or for spraying water onto another adjacent cofferdam structure (50) located below through the spray hole (53); At least one of the plurality of cofferdam structures (50) has an overflow port (54) formed on an upward end surface thereof, and the overflow port (54) is in communication with the overflow channel (51); The spray hole (53) of the cofferdam structure (50) connected to at least the tower tray structure (20) having the water distribution pipe (30) is communicated with the first end of the second downcomer (60), and the second end of the second downcomer (60) is communicated with the flow outlet (54) on another adjacent cofferdam structure (50) located below.

2. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first tube diameter D1 of the first downcomer (40) has a value range of 3 to 10 inches.

3. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple overflow holes (52), and the multiple overflow holes (52) are arranged at intervals; and / or, There are a plurality of spray holes (53), and the plurality of spray holes (53) are arranged at intervals; There are a plurality of flow openings (54), and the plurality of flow openings (54) are arranged at intervals; There are a plurality of second downcomers (60), and the first end of each second downcomer (60) is connected to the corresponding spray holes (53), and the second end of each second downcomer (60) is connected to the corresponding flow outlets (54).

4. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second tube diameter D2 of the second downcomer (60) has a value range of 3 to 10 inches.

5. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: A central avoidance hole is provided on the bubble cap top of the tray structure (20) having at least the water distribution pipe (30).

6. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diameter of the central avoidance hole ranges from 5 to 15 mm.

7. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synthesis gas scrubber further comprises: a demister (70), the demister (70) being arranged in the flow chamber (11) and located at the top of the flow chamber (11), the demister (70) comprising a separation chamber (71) and a gas discharge port (72) communicating with the separation chamber (71), the separation chamber (71) being used to separate gas and liquid; a third downcomer (80), wherein a first end of the third downcomer (80) is in communication with the separation chamber (71), and a second end of the third downcomer (80) is in communication with a flow port (54) on the cofferdam structure (50) located at the top; The cofferdam structure (50) has a plurality of the flow openings (54), and there are a plurality of third downcomers (80), and the plurality of third downcomers (80) correspond one-to-one to the plurality of the flow openings (54). The first end of each of the third downcomers (80) is connected to the separation chamber (71), and the second end of each of the third downcomers (80) is connected to the corresponding flow openings (54) on the cofferdam structure (50) at the top.

8. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first end of at least one of the plurality of third downcomers (80) is communicated with the conical portion of the separation chamber (71), and the first ends of the remaining third downcomers (80) are communicated with the circumferential portions of the separation chamber (71).

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