Laser electric arc wire powder co-feed coaxial deposition head and method

Abstract

The application relates to a laser electric arc wire and powder same-sending coaxial deposition head, and belongs to the technical field of additive equipment, which comprises a plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles and a mounting seat, the coaxial powder feeding nozzles are jointly mounted on the mounting seat, a plurality of mirror group modules are mounted on the mounting seat, the mirror group modules correspond to the coaxial powder feeding nozzles one by one, the mirror group modules are connected with lasers, a wire tube fixing piece is mounted on the mounting seat, a wire guide tube is fixed in the wire tube fixing piece, a wire feeding assembly is connected to the mounting seat, an electrified tube is arranged on the wire feeding assembly, and the wire feeding assembly, the electrified tube and the wire guide tube are jointly provided with an insulation assembly; a ring-shaped powder feeding channel is arranged around the coaxial powder feeding nozzle along the coaxial line of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle. The application has the characteristics of light weight and high integration, can realize multiple additive processes such as electric arc wire additive, laser wire additive, laser powder additive, laser electric arc composite wire additive, laser electric arc composite wire and powder same-sending additive and the like, and has the effects of improving deposition efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing equipment, in particular to a laser-arc-wire-powder co-delivery coaxial deposition head and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Additive manufacturing technology, also known as 3D printing, is a technology that realizes the manufacturing of complex parts by layer-by-layer accumulation of materials. It has the advantages of high efficiency and material saving. In recent years, additive manufacturing technology has been widely used in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing and medical devices. Among them, laser additive manufacturing and arc additive manufacturing are commonly used.

[0003] Arc additive manufacturing is a technology that melts metal wire through an electric arc and then layer-by-layer accumulates materials. Its advantages are low cost, simple equipment and suitable for rapid prototyping of large-scale metal structures. Arc additive manufacturing has high forming efficiency and is suitable for manufacturing large workpieces. However, the precision of arc additive manufacturing is low, the surface quality is poor, and the arc will produce a large heat-affected zone, resulting in large stress and deformation of the parts.

[0004] Laser additive manufacturing is a technology that melts metal powder or wire through a laser beam and then layer-by-layer accumulates to form. Its advantages are concentrated laser energy, precise melting process, and high-quality surface and fine structure forming. However, the cost of laser additive manufacturing equipment is high, the absorption rate of metal materials to laser energy is low, and the forming speed is slow for large-scale workpieces.

[0005] Laser additive manufacturing can choose powder delivery or wire delivery. Powder delivery additive manufacturing can flexibly use different types of metal powder and is suitable for processing complex geometric structures with high material utilization. Wire delivery additive manufacturing is more efficient, has less material waste, and is suitable for large-scale production.

[0006] Combining arc, laser, powder delivery and wire delivery technologies can make full use of the advantages of each technology on one device, improving the efficiency and quality of additive manufacturing. However, there is no portable device that can efficiently integrate these functions in existing technology. If different additive manufacturing technology modules are simply stacked, it will result in a complex structure and large volume of the device, causing a series of problems. First, the delivery paths of laser, powder and wire need to be precisely aligned, which is difficult to adjust, especially in the case of multiple beams and multiple powder paths. In addition, the traditional stacked device is heavy and has high inertia, which can easily affect the processing accuracy during processing movement, leading to inaccurate positioning and significantly increasing energy consumption.

[0007] Therefore, how to realize a lightweight, high-integration and easy-to-adjust laser-arc composite additive manufacturing equipment is one of the key problems to be solved in the field of additive manufacturing. SUMMARY

[0008] In order to realize that the additive equipment can carry out arc welding wire additive, laser welding wire additive, laser powder feeding additive, laser arc composite wire feeding additive, laser arc composite wire and powder feeding additive and other additive processes, and has the characteristics of light weight, high integration and convenient adjustment, improves the deposition efficiency and reduces the energy consumption, the application provides a laser arc wire and powder feeding coaxial deposition head and method.

[0009] The laser arc wire and powder feeding coaxial deposition head provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0010] A laser arc wire and powder feeding coaxial deposition head and method, comprising a plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles and a mounting seat, the plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles are commonly mounted on the mounting seat and arranged around the central axis of the mounting seat, a plurality of mirror group modules are mounted on the mounting seat, the mirror group modules correspond to the coaxial powder feeding nozzles one by one, the mirror group modules are connected with lasers, a wire tube fixing piece is mounted on the mounting seat, a wire guide tube is fixed in the wire tube fixing piece, a wire feeding assembly is connected to the mounting seat, an electrified tube is arranged on the wire feeding assembly, the wire feeding assembly, the electrified tube and the wire guide tube commonly have an insulation assembly;

[0011] The wire guide tube is coaxially arranged with the mounting seat, the central axes of the plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles and the central axis of the mounting seat commonly intersect at the same point, so that the central axes of the plurality of lasers and the central line of the wire material intersect at the same point, and the coaxial powder feeding nozzles are arranged around their own central axes and have annular powder feeding channels, so that the powder is fed around the laser.

[0012] By connecting the electrified tube to the MIG or MAG additive wire melting power supply, the current passes through the wire material and forms an electric arc between the wire material discharge end and the substrate, and arc welding wire additive is realized. At the same time, multiple lasers can emit different types and powers of laser to carry out additive manufacturing, and when laser additive manufacturing is carried out, the electrified tube can also be connected to a hot wire power supply to preheat the wire material, and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle can also feed powder for additive manufacturing. That is, the laser head can satisfy arc welding wire additive, laser welding wire additive, laser powder feeding additive, laser arc composite wire feeding additive, laser arc composite wire and powder feeding additive and other additive methods.

[0013] By combining the electric arc and the laser, the high efficiency and low cost of the electric arc additive are retained, and the high precision and fine forming capability of the laser additive are utilized, so that the forming of large-size workpieces is accelerated. The advantage of this composite process is that it can simultaneously have the high melting efficiency of the electric arc and the fine control of the laser, significantly improving the deposition speed and reducing stress and deformation.

[0014] The wire-powder co-feed additive manufacturing technology integrates the advantages of wire feeding and powder feeding, enabling efficient material utilization, improving deposition efficiency, enhancing the mechanical properties of the parts, and flexibly adapting to the manufacturing requirements of complex parts.

[0015] The entire deposition head adopts a high-integration and lightweight design scheme. By integrating multiple coaxial powder feeding nozzles, laser mirror groups, wire guide tubes, and power supply tubes into a compact mounting seat, the equipment volume and weight are effectively reduced. This lightweight design not only reduces the inertia burden during equipment movement, improving the flexibility and response speed of deposition, but also reduces energy consumption, helping to maintain the stability of the equipment during long-term work and reducing energy waste.

[0016] The system is equipped with multi-laser and multi-powder channel control functions, which can accurately control the melting and deposition state of different materials during additive manufacturing by adjusting the laser power and the powder output rate of each coaxial powder feeding nozzle in real time. This precise control ensures that the melting state of different materials is optimized when multiple materials are deposited simultaneously, thereby improving the uniformity and quality of the formed parts.

[0017] Multiple coaxial powder feeding nozzles are arranged around the mounting seat, allowing the powder to be uniformly distributed in the molten pool. Through the annular powder feeding channel structure, the powder can be uniformly delivered around the laser. The uniform distribution of powder around the laser allows the powder to uniformly absorb laser energy. Compared with the traditional single-sided powder feeding method, this uniform distribution allows more powder to directly contact the high-temperature area and be fully melted, reducing the waste of powder that fails to enter the laser irradiation range. Moreover, it ensures that the powder is uniformly distributed from all directions to the molten pool, which avoids the problem of uneven powder distribution, concentration on one side, or only partial heating in traditional equipment.

[0018] Each coaxial powder feeding nozzle is connected to an independent mirror group module and laser. The nozzle and laser are integrated together. When the position of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle is adjusted, the angle of the laser will also be automatically adjusted, ensuring that the laser and powder converge more accurately in the molten pool, reducing human adjustment errors, and further improving deposition quality and efficiency.

[0019] The connection method through the mounting seat not only simplifies assembly but also enhances the stability of the structure, ensuring that the coaxial powder feeding nozzle, wire feeding assembly, and mirror group module remain stable during operation, reducing alignment deviations caused by vibration or external interference. This connection method also supports modular design, making it easier to upgrade and expand the equipment. Users can easily add or replace coaxial powder feeding nozzles, wire feeding assemblies, or mirror group modules as needed to adapt to different deposition tasks.

[0020] Optionally, a first installation channel is formed in the mounting seat, a first flange plate is fixed in the first installation channel, a connecting seat is installed on the first flange plate, a second flange plate is installed on the end of the connecting seat away from the first flange plate, the wire feeding assembly is installed on the second flange plate, and the wire pipe fixing member includes a fixing pipe fixed with the first flange plate, so that the wire guide pipe is fixed in the fixing pipe.

[0021] By adopting the above technical scheme, the multi-level fixing structure of the first flange plate, the connecting seat, the second flange plate and the like makes the installation of the wire feeding assembly and the wire pipe fixing member more firm, and improves the stability of the whole system. Displacement or loosening of the wire feeding assembly or the wire guide pipe due to vibration or stress during high-frequency operation or long-time use can be effectively avoided, so as to ensure the deposition precision and stability of the equipment. At the same time, the equipment can be easily disassembled, and the wire feeding assembly and the wire pipe fixing member can be independently disassembled from the mounting seat, facilitating maintenance.

[0022] Optionally, the wire feeding assembly includes a wire feeding seat fixed on the second flange plate, and a wire feeding wheel set is installed on the wire feeding seat.

[0023] Optionally, the insulation assembly includes a first insulation shaft sleeve and a second insulation shaft sleeve, the first insulation shaft sleeve is sleeved on the top of the conductive pipe, the bottom of the conductive pipe is connected with a wire outlet nozzle, the wire outlet nozzle is sleeved with an insulation nozzle sleeve, the second insulation shaft sleeve is sleeved on the rotating shaft of the wire feeding wheel set, and the outer circumferential surface of the wire guide pipe is coated with an insulation layer.

[0024] By adopting the above technical scheme, the leakage of electric current can be effectively blocked, and the conduction of electric current to non-conductive components or parts contacted by operators can be avoided, so as to ensure the safety of equipment operation.

[0025] Optionally, a plurality of second installation channels are formed in the mounting seat, the central axes of the plurality of second installation channels and the central axis of the mounting seat intersect at a point, the second installation channels correspond one-to-one to the coaxial powder feeding nozzles, one end of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and one end of the mirror group module are fixed in the second installation channel, and a protective gas inlet is formed in the mirror group module and communicates with the second installation channel.

[0026] By adopting the above technical scheme, the second installation channel does not need to be provided with an additional connecting mechanism for the mirror group module and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle. The second installation channel not only serves as an installation channel, but also serves as a protective gas exhaust channel and a transmission channel for laser, which simplifies the structure design and makes the whole deposition head structure more compact, which is conducive to reducing manufacturing difficulty and improving assembly efficiency. At the same time, the protective gas also helps to take away the heat of the mirror group module, avoids overheating of the mirror, and thus reduces the damage of thermal stress to the optical element.

[0027] Optionally, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle is provided with at least two powder feeding holes, each of which is connected with a powder feeding pipe, a plurality of connecting holes are formed on the first flange, a connecting port is formed in the circumferential direction of the connecting seat, the connecting holes are communicated with the connecting port, the powder feeding pipes on the side of the wire guide fixing member correspond to the connecting holes and pass through the connecting holes, and a weight-reducing groove is formed on the mounting seat.

[0028] By adopting the above technical scheme, the powder feeding holes simultaneously feed powder to the annular channel, which can significantly improve the powder conveying speed and efficiency, thereby accelerating the deposition speed, and the arrangement of the plurality of powder feeding holes enables the powder to enter the annular channel from different positions and be uniformly distributed around the action area of the laser beam, and the problem of blockage of a single powder feeding pipe can be effectively avoided.

[0029] The powder feeding pipes can sequentially pass through the connecting holes and the connecting port, which facilitates the connection of the powder feeding pipes with the feeding device, simplifies the connection of the powder feeding pipe line, avoids powder blockage or uneven distribution caused by complex pipe lines, improves the powder feeding efficiency, and facilitates maintenance and adjustment. Meanwhile, the arrangement of the connecting holes and the connecting port and the weight-reducing groove also reduces the weight of the equipment.

[0030] Optionally, the plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles are arranged in an asymmetric manner relative to the central axis of the mounting seat.

[0031] By adopting the above technical scheme, the asymmetric arrangement makes the laser emission paths asymmetric with respect to each other, effectively avoids the direct reflection of light to the laser and the mirror module, reduces the risk of equipment damage, and improves safety.

[0032] Optionally, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle comprises a first connecting pipe and a focusing pipe, the first connecting pipe is a cylindrical hollow pipe, the focusing pipe is a hollow conical frustum pipe, the first connecting pipe and the focusing pipe are coaxially connected, the first connecting pipe is sleeved with a second connecting pipe, the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe are coaxially arranged, the second connecting pipe is coaxially connected with a powder material conveying pipe, the powder material conveying pipe is a hollow conical frustum pipe, the powder material conveying pipe is sleeved on the focusing pipe, and the space between the second connecting pipe, the powder material conveying pipe and the focusing pipe forms the annular powder feeding channel, the powder feeding holes are formed on the second connecting pipe, and the powder feeding holes are communicated with the annular powder feeding channel.

[0033] By adopting the above technical scheme, the laser can sequentially pass through the first connecting pipe and the focusing pipe and be emitted, and this structure is conducive to the concentration of the laser pipe bundle, and the cooperation of the focusing pipe and the powder material conveying pipe to form a conical annular powder feeding channel is also conducive to the collection of the powder around the laser.

[0034] Optionally, the mirror group module top is provided with a fiber insertion port, the laser is connected with the mirror group module through the fiber insertion port, and the fiber insertion port is a universal interface of QBH, QCS and QD.

[0035] By adopting the technical scheme, the fiber insertion port is convenient for replacing lasers with different powers and types, thereby meeting the deposition requirements.

[0036] The laser electric arc wire powder same-sending same-coaxial deposition method provided in the application adopts the technical scheme as follows:

[0037] A laser electric arc wire powder same-sending same-coaxial deposition method, which is processed by using the laser electric arc wire powder same-sending same-coaxial deposition head, comprises the following steps:

[0038] In the deposition step of laser additive manufacturing:

[0039] S1, connect the power supply tube to the hot wire power supply, and connect the other pole of the hot wire power supply to the substrate;

[0040] S2, start the wire feeding assembly, feed the wire material to the deposition area through the wire guide tube, stop the wire feeding assembly after the wire material contacts the substrate, and turn on the hot wire power supply to preheat the wire material;

[0041] S3, start the laser, and emit and focus the laser through the mirror group module to the surface of the wire material and the substrate.

[0042] S4, start the wire feeding assembly again, feed the metal wire material to the deposition area through the wire guide tube. At the same time, start the coaxial powder feeding system, and uniformly surround the laser beam with the powder material fed out from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle, and accumulate layer by layer.

[0043] In the deposition step of electric arc additive manufacturing:

[0044] S1, connect the power supply tube to the MIG or MAG additive wire melting power supply, and connect the other pole to the substrate. At this time, the electric arc is ignited, and the metal wire material starts to melt.

[0045] S2, the wire feeding assembly continuously feeds the wire material into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc, the electric arc melts the wire material and deposits it on the substrate, and accumulates layer by layer.

[0046] S3, if necessary, the powder feeding system can be started after the molten pool is formed, and the powder is fed from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc.

[0047] In the deposition step of laser electric arc composite additive manufacturing:

[0048] S1, connect the power supply tube to the MIG or MAG additive wire melting power supply, so that the electric arc is ignited and the wire material is melted, and the wire feeding assembly continuously feeds the wire material into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc.

[0049] S2, after the arc ignition, the laser is started, and the laser beam is focused to the molten pool area formed by the arc to act together with the arc;

[0050] S3, the powder feeding system is started, and the powder is fed into the area where the laser and the arc act together through the coaxial powder feeding nozzle, and the laser, the arc, the wire and the powder act together;

[0051] S4, the laser, the arc, the wire and the powder are continuously and synchronously fed, and are accumulated layer by layer;

[0052] In the step of laser electric arc additive deposition of multiple lasers and multiple powders and wire powder feeding:

[0053] S1, connect the power supply tube to the MIG or MAG additive melting wire power supply, so that the arc is ignited and the wire is melted, and the wire feeding assembly continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the arc;

[0054] S2, multiple lasers emit different laser beams through the mirror group module, and all the laser beams are focused to the deposition area from different angles;

[0055] S3, start the powder feeding system, and each coaxial powder feeding nozzle simultaneously feeds different kinds of powder, and the powder surrounds the respective laser beam and is fed into the area where the arc and the laser act together;

[0056] S4, according to the additive control system, the powder feeding rate of each nozzle is adjusted in real time, and the power and emission time of the laser are accurately adjusted to ensure that the output parameters of different lasers and the powder feeding rate are coordinated and consistent.

[0057] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0058] 1. The laser head can meet multiple additive processes such as arc melting wire additive, laser melting wire additive, laser powder feeding additive, laser arc composite wire feeding additive, and laser arc composite wire and powder feeding additive;

[0059] 2. Multiple coaxial powder feeding nozzles, laser mirror groups, wire guide tubes, power supply tubes and other functional modules are integrated on a compact mounting seat, effectively reducing the volume and weight of the equipment. This lightweight design not only reduces the inertia burden when the equipment is moved, improves the flexibility and response speed of deposition, but also reduces energy consumption, helps to maintain the stability of the equipment during long-term work, and reduces energy waste;

[0060] 3. Equipped with multiple laser and multiple powder channel control functions, by adjusting the laser power and the powder feeding rate of each coaxial powder feeding nozzle in real time, the melting and deposition state of different materials in the additive process can be accurately controlled. This precise control ensures that the melting state of different materials can be optimized when multiple materials are deposited at the same time, thereby improving the uniformity and quality of the formed parts;

[0061] 4. A plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles are arranged around the mounting seat, so that the powder can be uniformly distributed in the molten pool. Moreover, the powder of each coaxial powder feeding nozzle can be uniformly fed around a separate laser beam, and the powder can be uniformly distributed around the laser, so that the powder uniformly absorbs the laser energy, and ensures that the powder is uniformly distributed in the molten pool from various directions, which avoids the problems of uneven distribution of powder, concentration on one side or only partial heating in traditional equipment;

[0062] 5. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle is connected with an independent mirror group module and a laser, and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the laser are integrated together. When the position of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle is adjusted, the angle of the laser is also automatically adjusted, which can ensure that the laser and the powder are more accurately converged in the molten pool, reduce human adjustment errors, and further improve the deposition quality and efficiency;

[0063] 6. The second mounting channel does not need an additional connecting mechanism for the mirror group module and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle. The second mounting channel not only serves as a mounting channel, but also as an exhaust channel for protective gas and a transmission channel for laser, which simplifies the structural design and makes the entire deposition head structure more compact, which is conducive to reducing manufacturing difficulty and improving assembly efficiency;

[0064] 7. The powder feeding pipe can pass through the connecting hole and the connecting port in sequence, which facilitates the connection of the powder feeding pipe with the feeding device, simplifies the connection of the powder feeding pipe, avoids powder blockage or uneven distribution caused by complex pipeline, improves the powder feeding efficiency, and is convenient for maintenance and adjustment. The connection hole and the connecting port and the weight reduction groove also reduce the weight of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0065] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present application.

[0066] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting seat, the connecting seat, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the mirror group module.

[0067] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting hole and the connecting port.

[0068] Figure 4 is Figure 1 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in

[0069] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe and the powder material conveying pipe.

[0070] Figure 6 is Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part B in

[0071] Explanation of reference signs: 1, mounting seat; 11, first mounting channel; 12, second mounting channel; 13, weight-reducing groove; 2, coaxial powder feeding nozzle; 21, annular powder feeding channel; 22, first connecting pipe; 23, focusing pipe; 24, second connecting pipe; 25, powder material conveying pipe; 26, powder feeding hole; 27, powder feeding pipe; 28, gas inlet; 3, mirror group module; 31, optical fiber insertion port; 32, protective gas inlet; 4, laser; 5, connecting seat; 511, connecting port; 51, first flange plate; 512, connecting hole; 52, second flange plate; 6, wire pipe fixing piece; 61, fixed pipe; 62, wire guide pipe; 7, wire feeding assembly; 71, wire feeding seat; 72, wire feeding wheel set; 8, current-carrying pipe; 9, insulation assembly; 91, first insulation shaft sleeve; 92, second insulation shaft sleeve; 93, wire outlet; 94, insulation nozzle sleeve; 95, insulation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] The following will be described in detail in combination with the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-6 The present application is further described in detail.

[0073] The embodiment of the present application discloses a laser electric arc wire and powder same-feeding coaxial deposition head.

[0074] As Figure 1 And Figure 2 The laser electric arc wire and powder same-feeding coaxial deposition head comprises a mounting seat 1 and six coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2. A first mounting channel 11 is arranged at the center of the mounting seat 1, and six second mounting channels 12 are further arranged on the mounting seat 1 and arranged circumferentially around the first mounting channel 11. The first mounting channel 11 and the second mounting channels 12 are both cylindrical channels. The central axes of the six second mounting channels 12 intersect with the central axis of the first mounting channel 11 at the same point. Three weight-reducing grooves 13 are arranged circumferentially on the mounting seat 1 and extend through the top surface, the bottom surface and the outer circumferential surface of the mounting seat 1. Every two second mounting channels 12 form a group, and each group of second mounting channels 12 is arranged between two adjacent weight-reducing grooves 13.

[0075] The coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 corresponds to the second mounting channel 12 one by one, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is arranged in an asymmetric manner relative to the central axis of the mounting seat 1, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is mounted at the bottom end of the second mounting channel 12, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is coaxially arranged with the second mounting channel 12, and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is provided with an annular powder feeding channel 21 around its own central axis. The mirror group module 3 is mounted in the top of each second mounting channel 12, the mirror group module 3 is provided with a fiber insertion port 31 at the top, the laser 4 is connected to the mirror group module 3 through the fiber insertion port 31, and the fiber insertion port 31 is a universal structure of QBH, QCS and QD. The mirror group module 3 is provided with a protective gas inlet 32 on the side away from the first mounting channel 11, and the protective gas inlet 32 is communicated with the second mounting channel 12. The mirror group module 3 is coaxially arranged with the second mounting channel 12.

[0076] As Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the top end of the first mounting channel 11 is bolted with a first flange plate 51, the first flange plate 51 is coaxial with the first mounting channel 11, the first flange plate 51 is coaxially fixed with a filament fixing piece 6, the filament fixing piece 6 is a fixed tube 61, the fixed tube 61 is integrally formed by a cylindrical tube and a circular conical tube, and six coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2 surround the circular conical tube section of the fixed tube 61. The fixed tube 61 is fixed with a guide filament tube 62, and the guide filament tube 62 extends from the top of the fixed tube 61. The first flange plate 51 is coaxially fixed with a connecting seat 5, and the bottom of the connecting seat 5 is located in the first mounting channel 11. The top of the connecting seat 5 is coaxially fixed with a second flange plate 52, the fixed tube 61 passes through the second flange plate 52, and the top surface of the fixed tube 61 is flush with the top surface of the second flange plate 52.

[0077] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the second flange plate 52 is provided with a filament feeding assembly 7, the filament feeding assembly 7 comprises a filament feeding seat 71, the filament feeding seat 71 is fixed on the second flange plate 52, the filament feeding seat 71 is provided with a filament feeding wheel set 72, and the wire passes through the filament feeding wheel set 72 and enters the guide filament tube 62. The filament feeding wheel set 72 is driven by a driving motor. The filament feeding wheel set 72 is provided with an electrically conductive tube 8 above, the wire passes through the electrically conductive tube 8, and the electrically conductive tube 8 can be connected with an external power supply and a control module. The filament feeding assembly 7, the electrically conductive tube 8 and the guide filament tube 62 are provided with an insulation assembly 9.

[0078] The power supply tube 8 is connected to the MIG or MAG additive wire power supply, the current passes through the wire and forms an electric arc between the wire discharge end and the substrate to realize arc additive. At the same time, multiple lasers 4 can emit different types and powers of laser at the same time for additive, and when laser additive is performed, the power supply tube 8 can also be connected to the hot wire power supply to preheat the wire, and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 can also transport powder for additive. That is, the laser head can satisfy multiple deposition methods such as arc wire additive, laser wire additive, laser powder additive, laser arc composite wire additive, and laser arc composite wire and powder additive.

[0079] The entire deposition head adopts a high-integration and lightweight design scheme, which effectively reduces the volume and weight of the equipment by integrating multiple functional modules such as coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2, mirror group modules 3, wire guide tubes 62, and power supply tubes 8 on a compact mounting seat 1. This lightweight design not only reduces the inertia burden when the equipment is moved, improves the flexibility and response speed of deposition, but also reduces energy consumption, helps to maintain the stability of the equipment during long-term work, and reduces energy waste.

[0080] The second mounting channel 12 does not require additional connection mechanisms for the mirror group module 3 and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2. The second mounting channel 12 not only serves as a mounting channel, but also as an exhaust channel for protective gas and a transmission channel for laser, simplifying the structure design and making the entire deposition head structure more compact, which is conducive to reducing manufacturing difficulty and improving assembly efficiency. At the same time, the protective gas also helps to carry away the heat of the mirror group module 3, avoiding overheating of the lenses, thereby reducing the damage of thermal stress to the optical elements.

[0081] The connection method through the mounting seat 1 not only simplifies assembly, but also enhances the stability of the structure, which can ensure that the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2, the wire feeding assembly 7, and the mirror group module 3 remain stable during work, reducing alignment deviations caused by vibration or external interference. And this connection method supports modular design, making it easier to upgrade and expand the equipment. Users can easily add or replace the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2, the wire feeding assembly 7, or the mirror group module 3 as needed to adapt to different deposition tasks.

[0082] As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 includes a first connecting tube 22 and a focusing tube 23. The first connecting tube 22 is a cylindrical hollow tube, and the focusing tube 23 is a hollow conical frustum tube. The first connecting tube 22 and the focusing tube 23 are coaxially connected and integrally formed, and the top of the first connecting tube 22 is installed in the second mounting channel 12.

[0083] The first connecting pipe 22 is sleeved with the second connecting pipe 24, and the top end of the second connecting pipe 24 is fixed with the bottom end of the first connecting pipe 22. The bottom of the second connecting pipe 24 is connected with the powder conveying pipe 25, and the powder conveying pipe 25 is integrally formed with the second connecting pipe 24. The powder conveying pipe 25 is a hollow conical frustum pipe, and the powder conveying pipe 25 is sleeved on the focusing pipe 23. The focusing pipe 23, the powder conveying pipe 25, the first connecting pipe 22 and the second connecting pipe 24 are coaxial.

[0084] The space surrounded by the inner side wall of the bottom of the second connecting pipe 24, the inner side wall of the powder conveying pipe 25 and the outer side of the focusing pipe 23 is the annular powder conveying channel 21. The second connecting pipe 24 is provided with two powder conveying holes 26, and the two powder conveying holes 26 are arranged about the central axis of the second connecting pipe 24. Each powder conveying hole 26 is connected with a powder conveying pipe 27. One powder conveying pipe 27 is arranged towards the first mounting channel 11, and the other powder conveying pipe 27 is arranged on the side of the second connecting pipe 24 away from the first mounting channel 11. Each second connecting pipe 24 is provided with two gas inlets 28.

[0085] As Figure 3 The first flange plate 51 is provided with six connecting holes 512, and each connecting hole 512 penetrates the peripheral surface of the first flange plate 51. The connecting holes 512 correspond to the powder conveying pipes 27 towards the fixed pipe 61 one by one, and the powder conveying pipes 27 pass through the connecting holes 512. The peripheral surface of the connecting seat 5 is provided with three connecting openings 511, and each connecting opening 511 corresponds to and communicates with two connecting holes 512.

[0086] Through the structure of the annular powder conveying channel 21, the powder can be uniformly conveyed around the laser. The powder can be uniformly distributed around the laser, so that the powder uniformly absorbs the laser energy. Moreover, it ensures that the powder is uniformly distributed from all directions to the molten pool, which avoids the problems of uneven distribution of powder, concentration on one side or only partial heating in traditional equipment, reduces the problem of anisotropy of powder direction, improves the utilization rate of powder and the quality of additive manufacturing.

[0087] The powder conveying pipe 27 can pass through the connecting hole 512 and the connecting opening 511 in sequence, which facilitates the connection of the powder conveying pipe 27 with the feeding device, simplifies the connection of the powder conveying pipe 27, avoids the powder blockage or uneven distribution caused by complex pipeline, improves the powder conveying efficiency, and is convenient for maintenance and adjustment. At the same time, the arrangement of the connecting hole 512 and the connecting opening 511 is also conducive to reducing the weight of the equipment.

[0088] As Figure 2 and Figure 5The mirror group module 3 comprises a housing, the bottom of the housing is mounted on the top of the second mounting channel 12. A collimating lens (not shown in the figure) and a focusing lens (not shown in the figure) are arranged in the housing. A protective gas inlet 32 is arranged at one end of the housing close to the mounting base 1. The laser passes through the collimating lens, the focusing lens, the second mounting channel 12, the first connecting pipe 22 and the focusing pipe 23 in sequence, and the laser is coaxial with the second mounting channel 12.

[0089] As Figure 1 and Figure 4 The insulation assembly 9 comprises a first insulation sleeve 91 and a second insulation sleeve 92, the first insulation sleeve 91 is sleeved on the top of the conductive pipe, the bottom of the conductive pipe is connected with a wire outlet nozzle 93, the wire outlet nozzle 93 is sleeved with an insulation nozzle sleeve 94, the second insulation sleeve 92 is sleeved on the rotating shaft of the wire feeding wheel set 72, and the outer circumferential surface of the wire guide pipe 62 is coated with an insulation layer 95. Thus, the leakage of the current can be effectively blocked, the current is prevented from being conducted to the non-conductive assembly or the part contacted by the operator, and the safety of the equipment operation is ensured.

[0090] The principle of the embodiment of the present application is that the powder can be uniformly delivered around the laser, the multiple lasers can be emitted from different directions and simultaneously act on the wire, the conductive pipe 8 is connected with the MIG or MAG additive melting wire power supply, the current passes through the wire and forms an electric arc between the wire outlet end and the substrate, the electric arc additive is realized, the conductive pipe 8 can also be connected with the hot wire power supply, and the wire is preheated, so that the wire can be better melted during laser additive. That is, the multiple deposition modes such as the electric arc melting wire additive, the laser melting wire additive, the laser powder delivery additive, the laser electric arc composite wire delivery additive and the laser electric arc composite wire and powder delivery additive can be realized by the present application. Moreover, the whole deposition head adopts a high-integration and light-weight design scheme, multiple coaxial powder delivery nozzles 2, laser mirror groups, wire guide pipes 62, conductive pipes 8 and other functional modules are integrated on a compact mounting base 1, and the volume and weight of the equipment are effectively reduced. The light-weight design not only can reduce the inertia burden of the equipment during movement, improve the flexibility and response speed of deposition, but also can reduce energy consumption, and is helpful to maintaining the stability of the equipment during long-time work.

[0091] The embodiment of the present application also provides a laser electric arc wire and powder delivery coaxial deposition method, and the laser electric arc wire and powder delivery coaxial deposition head of the embodiment of the present application is used for deposition, which comprises the following steps:

[0092] In the deposition step of laser additive:

[0093] S1, connecting the conductive pipe 8 with the hot wire power supply, and connecting the other pole of the hot wire power supply to the substrate;

[0094] S2, starting the wire feeding assembly 7, feeding the wire to the deposition area through the wire guide pipe 62, stopping the wire feeding assembly 7 after the wire contacts the substrate, and starting the preheating of the wire by the hot wire power supply.

[0095] S3, start the laser 4, the laser is emitted through the mirror module 3 and focused to the surface of the wire and the substrate.

[0096] S4, start the wire feeder assembly 7 again, the metal wire is sent to the deposition area through the wire guide tube 62. At the same time, the coaxial powder feeding system is turned on, and the powder is uniformly sent out from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 around the laser beam, and is stacked layer by layer.

[0097] In the deposition step of the electric arc additive:

[0098] S1, connect the power supply tube 8 to the MIG or MAG additive melting wire power supply, one pole is connected to the welding power supply, and the other pole is connected to the substrate. At this time, the electric arc is ignited, and the metal wire begins to melt.

[0099] S2, the wire feeder assembly 7 continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc, the electric arc melts the wire and deposits it on the substrate, and stacks layer by layer.

[0100] S3, if necessary, the powder feeding system can be started after the molten pool is formed, and the powder is sent from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc.

[0101] In the deposition step of the laser electric arc composite additive:

[0102] S1, connect the power supply tube 8 to the MIG or MAG additive melting wire power supply, so that the electric arc is ignited and the wire is melted, and the wire feeder assembly 7 continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc.

[0103] S2, after the electric arc is ignited, the laser 4 is started, and the laser beam is focused to the molten pool area formed by the electric arc, and acts together with the electric arc.

[0104] S3, start the powder feeding system, and the powder is sent into the area where the laser and the electric arc act together through the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2, and the laser, the electric arc, the wire and the powder act together.

[0105] S4, the laser, the electric arc, the wire and the powder are continuously and synchronously fed, and are stacked layer by layer.

[0106] In the deposition step of the laser electric arc additive with simultaneous feeding of wire and powder:

[0107] S1, connect the power supply tube 8 to the MIG or MAG additive melting wire power supply, so that the electric arc is ignited and the wire is melted, and the wire feeder assembly 7 continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc.

[0108] S2, multiple lasers 4 emit different laser beams through the mirror module 3, and all the laser beams are focused to the deposition area from different angles.

[0109] S3, start the powder feeding system, each coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 simultaneously feeds different kinds of powder, and the powder surrounds the respective laser beam and is fed into the region where the electric arc and the laser beam act together;

[0110] S4, according to the additive control system, the powder feeding rate of each nozzle is adjusted in real time, the power and emission time of the laser are accurately adjusted, and it is ensured that the output parameters of different lasers are coordinated and consistent with the powder feeding rate.

[0111] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application, so: any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A laser-arc-wire-powder co-feed coaxial deposition head, characterized by: The application relates to a laser cladding device, which comprises a plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) and a mounting base (1), the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) are mounted on the mounting base (1) and arranged around the axis of the mounting base (1), a plurality of mirror group modules (3) are mounted on the mounting base (1) and correspond to the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2), a laser (4) is connected to the mirror group modules (3), a wire pipe fixing member (6) is mounted on the mounting base (1), a wire guide pipe (62) is fixed in the wire pipe fixing member (6), a wire feeding assembly (7) is connected to the mounting base (1), a power feeding pipe (8) is arranged on the wire feeding assembly (7), and the wire feeding assembly (7), the power feeding pipe (8) and the wire guide pipe (62) are provided with an insulation assembly (9) in common. The wire guide pipe (62) is coaxially arranged with the mounting base (1), the axes of the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) and the axis of the mounting base (1) intersect at the same point, so that the axes of the plurality of lasers and the center line of the wire material intersect at the same point, and the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) are provided with annular powder feeding channels (21) around the axes thereof. A plurality of second mounting channels (12) are formed in the mounting base (1), the axes of the second mounting channels (12) and the axis of the mounting base (1) intersect at the same point, the second mounting channels (12) correspond to the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2), and one end of the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) and one end of the mirror group modules (3) are fixed in the second mounting channels (12).

2. The laser-arc-wire powder co-feed coaxial deposition head of claim 1, wherein: A first mounting channel (11) is formed in the mounting base (1), a first flange plate (51) is fixed in the first mounting channel (11), a connecting base (5) is mounted on the first flange plate (51), a second flange plate (52) is mounted on one end of the connecting base (5) away from the first flange plate (51), the wire feeding assembly (7) is mounted on the second flange plate (52), the wire pipe fixing member (6) comprises a fixing pipe (61), and the fixing pipe (61) is fixed with the first flange plate (51), so that the wire guide pipe (62) is fixed in the fixing pipe (61).

3. The laser-arc-wire powder co-feed coaxial deposition head of claim 2, wherein: The wire feeding assembly (7) comprises a wire feeding base (71), and the wire feeding base (71) is fixed on the second flange plate (52); the wire feeding base (71) is provided with a wire feeding wheel set (72).

4. The laser-arc-wire powder co-feed coaxial deposition head of claim 3, wherein: The insulation assembly (9) comprises a first insulation shaft sleeve (91) and a second insulation shaft sleeve (92), the first insulation shaft sleeve (91) is sleeved on the top of the power feeding pipe (8), the bottom of the power feeding pipe (8) is connected with a wire outlet nozzle (93), the wire outlet nozzle (93) is sleeved with an insulation nozzle sleeve (94), the second insulation shaft sleeve (92) is sleeved on the rotating shaft of the wire feeding wheel set (72), and the outer circumferential surface of the wire guide pipe (62) is coated with an insulation layer (95).

5. The laser-arc-wire powder co-feed coaxial deposition head of claim 1, wherein: A protective gas inlet (32) is formed in the mirror group module (3) and communicates with the second mounting channel (12).

6. The laser-arc-wire powder co-feed coaxial deposition head of claim 2, wherein: At least two powder feeding holes (26) are arranged on the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2), each of the powder feeding holes (26) is connected with a powder feeding pipe (27), a plurality of connecting holes (512) are arranged on the first flange (51), a connecting port (511) is arranged on the connecting seat (5) in the circumferential direction, the connecting holes (512) and the connecting port (511) are communicated, the powder feeding pipes (27) on the side facing the guide wire fixing member correspond to the connecting holes (512) one by one and pass out, and a weight-reducing groove (13) is arranged on the mounting seat (1).

7. The laser-arc-wire powder co-delivery coaxial deposition head of claim 1, wherein: A plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) are arranged in an asymmetric manner relative to the central axis of the mounting seat (1).

8. The laser-arc-wire powder co-feed coaxial deposition head of claim 6, wherein: The coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) comprises a first connecting pipe (22) and a focusing pipe (23), the first connecting pipe (22) is a cylindrical hollow pipe, the focusing pipe (23) is a hollow conical frustum type pipe, the first connecting pipe (22) and the focusing pipe (23) are coaxially connected, the first connecting pipe (22) is sleeved with a second connecting pipe (24), the first connecting pipe (22) and the second connecting pipe (24) are coaxially arranged, the second connecting pipe (24) is coaxially connected with a powder material conveying pipe (25), the powder material conveying pipe (25) is a hollow conical frustum type pipe, the powder material conveying pipe (25) is sleeved on the focusing pipe (23), and the space between the second connecting pipe (24), the powder material conveying pipe (25) and the focusing pipe (23) forms the annular powder feeding channel (21), the powder feeding hole (26) is arranged on the second connecting pipe (24), and the powder feeding hole (26) is communicated with the annular powder feeding channel (21).

9. The laser-arc-wire powder co-delivery coaxial deposition head of claim 1, wherein: A fiber insertion port (31) is arranged on the top of the lens group module (3), the laser (4) is connected with the lens group module (3) through the fiber insertion port (31), and the fiber insertion port (31) is a universal interface of QBH, QCS and QD.

10. A method of laser electric arc wire powder co-feed coaxial deposition, characterized by, The laser electric arc wire powder feeding coaxial deposition head is used for deposition, and the deposition head comprises the following steps: In the deposition step of laser additive manufacturing: S1, connect the power supply pipe (8) to the hot wire power supply, and connect the other pole of the hot wire power supply to the substrate; S2, start the wire feeding assembly (7), feed the wire to the deposition area through the guide wire pipe (62), and after the wire contacts the substrate, stop the wire feeding assembly (7), and turn on the hot wire power supply to start preheating the wire; S3, start the laser (4), and emit and focus the laser through the lens group module (3) to the surface of the wire and the substrate; S4, start the wire feeding assembly (7) again, feed the metal wire to the deposition area through the guide wire pipe (62), and at the same time, start the coaxial powder feeding system, and uniformly feed the powder from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) around the laser beam to form a layer-by-layer deposition; In the deposition step of arc additive manufacturing: S1, connect the power supply pipe (8) to the MIG or MAG additive melting wire power supply, connect one pole to the welding power supply, and connect the other pole to the substrate, at this time, the arc is ignited, and the metal wire starts to melt; S2, the wire feeding assembly (7) continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc, the electric arc melts the wire and deposits it onto the substrate, layer by layer; S3, if necessary, the powder feeding system can be started after the molten pool is formed, and the powder is fed from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc; In the deposition step of laser-arc composite additive: S1, connect the live tube (8) to the MIG or MAG additive wire melting power supply, so that the electric arc is ignited and the wire is melted, and the wire feeding assembly (7) continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc; S2, after the electric arc is ignited, the laser (4) is started, and the laser beam is focused on the molten pool area formed by the electric arc to work together with the electric arc; S3, start the powder feeding system, and the powder is fed through the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) into the area where the laser and the electric arc work together, and the laser, the electric arc, the wire and the powder work together; S4, continuously and synchronously feed the laser, the electric arc, the wire and the powder, and accumulate layer by layer; In the wire-powder simultaneous feeding laser-arc additive deposition step of multiple lasers and multiple powders: S1, connect the live tube (8) to the MIG or MAG additive wire melting power supply, so that the electric arc is ignited and the wire is melted, and the wire feeding assembly (7) continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc; S2, multiple lasers (4) emit different laser beams through the mirror group module (3), and all the laser beams are focused on the deposition area from different angles; S3, start the powder feeding system, each coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) simultaneously feeds different kinds of powder, and the powder surrounds the respective laser beam and is fed into the area where the electric arc and the laser work together; S4, according to the additive control system, adjust the powder feeding rate of each nozzle in real time, and accurately adjust the power and emission time of the laser, to ensure that the output parameters of different lasers and the powder feeding rate are consistent.

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