A hook system capable of withstanding unbalanced sling loads
By designing a fully free-rotable multi-claw hook system, the lifting operation difficulties caused by unbalanced sling load in the prior art are solved, and the precise adjustment and positioning of the lifting objects are achieved, reducing costs and improving efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311252526.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-04
AI Technical Summary
The existing multi-claw hook system is designed based on balanced sling load, which is difficult to adapt to the situation where the weight center of gravity of large lifting objects is difficult to accurately calculate and the operating environment is harsh, resulting in high lifting operation costs and difficult installation and positioning.
A hook system that can withstand uneven sling loads is designed. Through the combined structure of the cross-steering rod, the hook rod and the hook head, the components can be fully freely rotated in three directions perpendicular to each other, and the additional torque generated by the uneven loads are automatically digested.
The system can remain stable under unbalanced sling load, avoid transferring additional torque to the crane, realize precise adjustment and positioning of lifting objects, reduce lifting operation costs and improve efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN119750367A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lifting and transportation, and in particular relates to a hook system capable of bearing unbalanced sling loads. Background Art
[0002] The hook system is an important component of lifting and transportation equipment, and is also the most commonly used device for lifting operations. Large cranes usually use multi-claw hooks, with four or two claws being the most common.
[0003] At present, all multi-claw hook systems are designed for balanced sling load, that is, the sling load on all hook teeth is consistent. This requires that during the preparation of the lifting operation, the weight center of gravity of the hoisted object must be accurately calculated, and a suitable sling system must be used to ensure that the sling load on different hook teeth of the hook is balanced.
[0004] In large-scale lifting operations, the objects are large in size and complex in shape, and the weight and center of gravity are difficult to calculate accurately. When the operating environment is harsh, such as offshore operations, the floating crane or the objects on the ship will shake due to wind and waves, and it is impossible to ensure that all the sling loads are consistent. To ensure safety, the crane lifting load can only be greatly reduced, which increases the cost of the lifting operation.
[0005] like Fig.14 In large-scale lifting operations, due to the huge size of the crane itself, it is impossible to accurately control the aerial state of the hoisted object during operation, making it very difficult to install it in place. Summary of the invention
[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a hook system that can withstand unbalanced sling loads.
[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
[0008] The present invention provides a hook system capable of bearing unbalanced sling loads, comprising:
[0009] A cross steering rod, comprising a cross steering rod body, a first connecting shaft hole at one end of the cross steering rod body, and a second connecting shaft hole at the other end of the cross steering rod body and perpendicular to the first connecting shaft hole, wherein a U-shaped mounting groove is provided at one end of the cross steering rod body away from the first connecting shaft hole;
[0010] A first connecting shaft mounted on the upper connecting shaft hole, wherein the cross steering rod rotates around its axis in the vertical direction through the first connecting shaft;
[0011] A hook rod, comprising a cylindrical hook rod body, a third connecting shaft hole at one end of the hook rod body, and a bearing block mounting groove at the other end of the hook rod body, wherein the third connecting shaft hole is consistent in shape with the second connecting shaft hole, and the hook rod body is mounted on the U-shaped mounting groove and the third connecting shaft hole coincides with the second connecting shaft hole;
[0012] A second connecting shaft installed on the third connecting shaft hole and the second connecting shaft hole, the hook rod rotates around its axis in the vertical direction through the second connecting shaft;
[0013] And a hook head installed on the hook rod body, a spherical roller bearing is also provided between the hook rod body and the hook head, and a spherical thrust roller bearing is also provided at the bottom of the end of the hook head away from the third connecting shaft hole. The spherical roller bearing and the spherical thrust roller bearing work together to enable the hook head to rotate around the hook rod.
[0014] The hook head can rotate around the hook rod, the hook rod can rotate around the second connecting shaft, and the cross steering rod can rotate around the first connecting shaft in three directions perpendicular to each other without interfering with each other.
[0015] This fully freely rotatable hook system can ensure that the hook system itself will not generate additional torque under the action of unbalanced sling loads, and the load transmitted to the upper crane is consistent with the traditional hook system; when the crane is not moving, the posture of the hoisted object under the hook can be adjusted, or the aerial position of the hoisted object can be adjusted in coordination with the crane movement to facilitate installation. This new hook system can be applied to the two most widely used hook types on large cranes, four-claw hooks and two-claw hooks.
[0016] Considering how to enable the hook system to drive the hoisted object to rotate flexibly around the first connecting axis, the following settings are adopted.
[0017] Furthermore, the first connecting shaft also includes a first connecting shaft sliding bearing for driving the cross steering rod body to rotate.
[0018] Considering how to make the hook rod drive the hook head and the hoisted object to rotate flexibly around the second connecting axis, the following settings are adopted.
[0019] Furthermore, the second connecting shaft also includes a second connecting shaft sliding bearing for driving the hook rod to rotate.
[0020] Considering how to enable the hook head to rotate flexibly around the hook rod, the hook head and the hook rod sleeve installed on the hook rod maintain a certain gap, and the following settings are specifically adopted.
[0021] Furthermore, the outside of the hook rod body is surrounded by a hook rod sleeve, the hook rod sleeve is located below the spherical roller bearing, the hook head is installed on the hook rod sleeve, and the spherical thrust roller bearing is installed on the hook rod sleeve away from one end of the spherical roller bearing.
[0022] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the hook rod sleeve is consistent with the inner diameter of the spherical thrust roller bearing, the hook rod sleeve is outermostly mounted on the hook rod body, and the inner diameter of the hook rod sleeve is consistent with the outer diameter of the hook rod body.
[0023] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the spherical thrust roller bearing is at least larger than the inner diameter of the spherical roller bearing to improve its load-bearing capacity and ensure flexible rotation of the hook head.
[0024] When assembling the hook, the bearing blocks can be respectively embedded in the bearing block installation grooves. The bearing blocks are cut into pieces after integral processing, which can ensure the integrity of their shape and enable each piece to bear the vertical load independently. When the load difference of the hook tooth sling causes uneven load on the bearing surface of the bearing block, the internal stress of the bearing block itself is small. In addition, each piece of the bearing block is small in size and light in weight, making the hook assembly simple and easy. The specific settings are as follows.
[0025] Furthermore, a bearing block for supporting the hook head is provided below the hook rod, and the bearing block is divided into four pieces and installed on the bearing block installation groove.
[0026] Considering how to make the bearing block bear clear force, have high strength, large bearing surface, not easy to wear and long service life, so that only one bearing surface on the inner side of the bearing block engages with the hook rod to transmit the sling load, the following settings are specifically adopted.
[0027] Furthermore, the shape of the outer surface of the bearing block is consistent with the shape of the side surface of the truncated cone, and a first circular groove and a second circular groove are provided inside the bearing block. The diameter of the first circular groove is at least greater than the outer diameter of the bearing block mounting groove, and the diameter of the second circular groove is at least greater than the outer diameter of the hook rod body. The connection between the first circular groove and the second circular groove forms a first mating surface with one side of the bearing block mounting groove.
[0028] Considering how to integrate the four parts of the bearing block, a fixing ring is provided to fix the bearing block, and the fixing ring is installed on the bearing block from top to bottom, and the specific setting is as follows.
[0029] Furthermore, the bearing block further comprises a second bearing surface located at the upper end of the first circular groove, the outer surface of the bearing block is further surrounded by a fixing ring, a third circular groove, a fourth groove and the first bearing surface are arranged inside the fixing ring, the diameter of the third circular groove at least exceeds the outer diameter of the hook rod body, and the fourth groove forms a second meshing surface with the outer side surface of the bearing block. The shape of the second meshing surface is consistent with the shape of the side surface of the truncated cone, and the use of the inclined surface guide makes it more convenient to install and remove the fixing ring and the bearing block.
[0030] Considering how to better install the spherical thrust roller bearing under the hook head, the position of the fixing ring is set to be below the spherical thrust roller bearing, and the specific settings are as follows.
[0031] Furthermore, the fixing ring is located below the spherical thrust roller bearing and supports it.
[0032] Furthermore, the second bearing surface of the bearing block and the first bearing surface of the fixing ring form a third meshing surface to transfer the vertical load.
[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0034] (1) The present application creatively proposes the concept that the hook teeth of a multi-claw hook can withstand unbalanced sling loads, and proposes solutions from the aspects of hook assembly, hook system composition, structural form and matching of each component, so as to specifically solve various problems caused by this unbalanced load.
[0035] (2) The present application is applicable to lifting operations of objects that are large in size and complex in shape; it is also applicable to lifting operations where the center of gravity of the objects changes.
[0036] (3) The present application can realize full free rotation by itself to absorb the additional torque generated by the unbalanced sling load of the hook teeth. Since the additional torque will not be transmitted to the crane beam or pulley frame, the crane can operate normally according to the normal hook system state; the rated lifting capacity of the crane can be fully utilized.
[0037] (4) During the operation of a large crane, the present application can adjust the aerial posture of the hoisted object through the cargo stabilizing rope without the main crane moving; it can also adjust the aerial position of the hoisted object in coordination with the crane movement. The movement is small and the control is accurate during adjustment, which can facilitate installation.
[0038] (5) In view of the difficulties in lifting operations of existing large cranes, this application can reduce lifting operation requirements, simplify operating procedures, reduce lifting operation costs, and improve operating efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] Figure 1It is a schematic overall structural diagram of the hook system of the present invention.
[0040] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the hook system of the present invention.
[0041] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross steering rod structure in the hook system of the present invention.
[0042] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-steering rod cross-section structure in the hook system of the present invention.
[0043] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the hook rod structure in the hook system of the present invention.
[0044] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a hook rod in the hook system of the present invention.
[0045] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the bearing block in the hook system of the present invention.
[0046] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the load-bearing block in the hook system of the present invention.
[0047] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the fixing ring in the hook system of the present invention.
[0048] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the fixing ring in the hook system of the present invention.
[0049] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the four-claw hook head in the hook system of the present invention.
[0050] Fig.12 for Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the hook head in the hook system of the present invention.
[0051] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the two-claw hook head in the hook system of the present invention.
[0052] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the engagement between the bearing block and the fixing ring in the hook system of the present invention.
[0053] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the engagement between the hook rod and the bearing block in the hook system of the present invention.
[0054] Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of the hook head assembly structure in the hook system of the present invention.
[0055] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the unbalanced sling load acting on the hook teeth in the hook system of the present invention.
[0056] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the balanced sling load acting on the hook teeth in the hook system of the present invention.
[0057] Fig.19 It is a schematic diagram of the hoisting operation of the hook system of the present invention.
[0058] Fig. 20 for Fig.19 The figure is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the hoisting operation of the hook system of the present invention.
[0059] Fig.21 It is a schematic diagram of a prior art crane in a hoisting operation.
[0060] Fig. 22 It is a schematic diagram of a floating crane equipped with the hook system of the present invention during hoisting operation.
[0061] Fig.23 for Fig. 22 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a floating crane equipped with a hook system of the present invention during a hoisting operation is shown in FIG.
[0062] Fig.24 This is a diagram of the disassembly and assembly process of the hook system of the present invention.
[0063] Numbers in the figure:
[0064] 1-cross steering rod, 101-cross steering rod body, 102-first connecting shaft hole, 103-second connecting shaft hole, 104-U-shaped mounting groove, 2-first connecting shaft, 3-second connecting shaft, 4-hook rod, 401-hook rod body, 402-third connecting shaft hole, 403-bearing block mounting groove, 5-hook head, 6-fixing ring, 601-third circular groove, 602-fourth groove, 603-second meshing surface, 604-third meshing surface, 605-first bearing surface, 7-bearing block, 701-first circular groove, 702-second circular groove, 703-first meshing surface, 704-second bearing surface, 8-spherical thrust roller bearing, 9-hook rod sleeve, 10- Spherical roller bearing, 11-second connecting shaft sliding bearing, 12-first connecting shaft sliding bearing, 13-support ring, 14-first sling load horizontal component, 1401-second sling load horizontal component, 1402-third sling load horizontal component, 1403-fourth sling load horizontal component, 5-first sling load, 1501-second sling load, 1502-third sling load, 1503-fourth sling load, 16-first sling load vertical component, 1601-second sling load vertical component, 1602-third sling load vertical component, 1603-fourth sling load vertical component, 17 first bearing radial force, 18-second bearing radial force, 19-cargo stabilizing rope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0065] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
[0066] Features such as component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, etc. that are not clearly stated in this technical solution shall be deemed as common technical features disclosed in the prior art.
[0067] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0068] In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a bolt connection or a welding connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0069] In order to allow the multi-claw hook teeth to withstand unbalanced sling loads, achieve full free rotation, reduce lifting operation requirements, simplify operation procedures, reduce lifting operation costs, and improve operation efficiency, the present invention provides a hook system that can withstand unbalanced sling loads. The structure of the hook system is shown in FIG. Figures 1 to 10 Shown, including
[0070] A cross steering rod 1 comprises a cross steering rod body 101, a first connecting shaft hole 102 located at one end of the cross steering rod body 101, and a second connecting shaft hole 103 located at the other end of the cross steering rod body 101 and perpendicular to the first connecting shaft hole 101, wherein a U-shaped mounting groove 104 is provided at one end of the cross steering rod body 101 away from the first connecting shaft hole 102;
[0071] A first connecting shaft 2 is mounted on the upper connecting shaft hole 101, and the cross steering rod 1 rotates around its axis in the vertical direction through the first connecting shaft 2;
[0072] The hook rod 4 comprises a cylindrical hook rod body 401, a third connecting shaft hole 402 at one end of the hook rod body, and a bearing block mounting groove 403 at the other end of the hook rod body 401, wherein the third connecting shaft hole 402 is consistent in shape with the second connecting shaft hole 103, and the hook rod body 401 is mounted on the U-shaped mounting groove 104 and the third connecting shaft hole 402 coincides with the second connecting shaft hole 103;
[0073] A second connecting shaft 3 installed on the third connecting shaft hole 402 and the second connecting shaft hole 103, and the hook rod 4 rotates around its axis in the vertical direction through the second connecting shaft 3;
[0074] And a hook head 5 installed on the hook rod body 401, a spherical roller bearing 10 is also provided between the hook rod body 401 and the hook head 5, and a spherical thrust roller bearing 8 is also provided at the bottom of the end of the hook head 5 away from the third connecting shaft hole 402, the spherical roller bearing 10 and the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 work together to make the hook head 5 rotate around the hook rod 4.
[0075] In some specific implementations, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first connecting shaft 2 also includes a first connecting shaft sliding bearing 12 for driving the cross steering rod body 101 to rotate.
[0076] In some specific implementations, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the second connecting shaft 3 also includes a second connecting shaft sliding bearing 11 for driving the hook rod 4 to rotate.
[0077] In some specific implementations, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Fig.10 As shown, the outside of the hook rod body 401 is also surrounded by a hook rod sleeve 9, the hook rod sleeve 9 is located below the spherical roller bearing 10, the hook head 5 is installed on the hook rod sleeve 9, and the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 is installed on the hook rod sleeve 9 away from the spherical roller bearing 10 and supports the bottom of the hook head 5.
[0078] For more specific implementations, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Fig.16 As shown, the outer diameter of the hook rod sleeve 9 is consistent with the inner diameter of the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 , the hook rod sleeve 9 is outermostly mounted on the hook rod body 401 , and the inner diameter of the hook rod sleeve 9 is consistent with the outer diameter of the hook rod body 401 .
[0079] For more specific implementations, please refer to Figure 2 and Fig.10 As shown, the inner diameter of the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 is at least larger than the inner diameter of the spherical roller bearing 10 to improve its load-bearing capacity and ensure that the hook head 5 can rotate flexibly.
[0080] In some specific implementations, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig.15 As shown, a bearing block 7 for supporting the hook head 5 is also provided below the hook rod 4 , and the bearing block 7 is divided into four pieces and installed on the bearing block installation groove 403 .
[0081] For more specific implementations, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig.15As shown, the shape of the outer side surface of the supporting block 7 is consistent with the shape of the side surface of the truncated cone, and a first circular groove 701 and a second circular groove 702 are provided inside the supporting block 7. The diameter of the first circular groove 701 is at least greater than the outer diameter of the supporting block mounting groove 403, and the diameter of the second circular groove 702 is at least greater than the outer diameter of the hook rod body 401. The connection between the first circular groove 701 and the second circular groove 702 forms a first mating surface 703 with one side of the supporting block mounting groove 403.
[0082] In some specific implementations, please refer to Figure 2 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 and Fig.14 As shown, the bearing block 7 also includes a second bearing surface 704 located at the upper end of the first circular groove 701, and the outer surface of the bearing block 7 is also surrounded by a fixing ring 6, and the fixing ring 6 is provided with a third circular groove 601, a fourth groove 602 and a first bearing surface 605 inside. The diameter of the third circular groove 601 at least exceeds the outer diameter of the hook rod body 401, and the fourth groove 602 forms a second meshing surface 603 with the outer side surface of the bearing block 7. The shape of the second meshing surface 603 is consistent with the shape of the side surface of the truncated cone, and the use of the inclined surface guide makes it more convenient to install and remove the fixing ring and the bearing block.
[0083] For more specific implementations, please refer to Figure 2 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 and Fig.14 As shown, the fixing ring 6 is located below the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 and supports it.
[0084] For more specific implementations, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 and Fig.14 As shown, the second bearing surface 704 of the bearing block and the first bearing surface 605 of the fixing ring form a third meshing surface 604 to transfer vertical loads.
[0085] The installation and workflow of the present invention are as follows:
[0086] like Fig.24, sequentially put the spherical roller bearing 10 and the hook head 5 upward from the bottom of the hook rod body 401 and push them to the top; put the hook rod sleeve 9 upward between the hook rod body 401 and the hook head 5; put the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 on the hook rod body 401 and support the hook head 5; then use the fixing ring 6 to support the spherical thrust roller bearing 8; then install the bearing block 7 divided into 4 pieces into the bearing block installation groove 403 of the hook rod body 401. Finally, move the fixing ring 6 and all the components above it downward together. Under the guidance of the fourth groove 602 consistent with the side shape of the truncated cone, the fixing ring 6 is put on the outside of the bearing block 7 to form a second meshing surface 603 so that the divided bearing block 7 forms a whole, and the vertical load of the hook head 5 is transmitted through the third meshing surface 604. The spherical roller bearing 10 and the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 work together to withstand the horizontal load and make the hook head 5 rotate around the hook rod body 401.
[0087] Then, the third connecting shaft hole 402 of the hook rod 4 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped mounting groove 104. At this time, the second connecting shaft hole 103 coincides with the third connecting shaft hole 402. The second connecting shaft 3 is installed in the two coincident shaft holes. At this time, the cross-steering rod 1 is connected to the hook rod 4, and the hook rod 4 can rotate around its axis in the vertical direction of the second connecting shaft 3. Finally, the first connecting shaft 2 is installed on the first connecting shaft hole 102 of the cross-steering rod 1. At this time, the cross-steering rod 1 can rotate around its axis in the vertical direction of the first connecting shaft 2.
[0088] When the sling is subjected to uneven load, a cargo rope is installed on the hoisted object to control the rotation of the hook head, and the vertical angles of the cross steering rod and the hook rod are adjusted to stabilize the work.
[0089] The above embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination of two or more.
[0090] The above implementation is described in more detail below in conjunction with specific examples.
[0091] Example 1
[0092] In order to allow the multi-claw hook teeth to withstand unbalanced sling loads, achieve full free rotation, reduce lifting operation requirements, simplify operation procedures, reduce lifting operation costs, and improve operation efficiency, the present invention provides a hook system that can withstand unbalanced sling loads. The structure of the hook system is shown in FIG. Figures 1 to 10 Shown, including
[0093] A cross steering rod 1 comprises a cross steering rod body 101, a first connecting shaft hole 102 located at one end of the cross steering rod body 101, and a second connecting shaft hole 103 located at the other end of the cross steering rod body 101 and perpendicular to the first connecting shaft hole 101, and a U-shaped mounting groove 104 is provided at one end of the cross steering rod body 101 away from the first connecting shaft hole 102;
[0094] A first connecting shaft 2 is mounted on the upper connecting shaft hole 101, and the cross steering rod 1 rotates around its axis in the vertical direction through the first connecting shaft 2;
[0095] The hook rod 4 comprises a cylindrical hook rod body 401, a third connecting shaft hole 402 located at one end of the hook rod body, and a bearing block mounting groove 403 located at the other end of the hook rod body 401, the third connecting shaft hole 402 is consistent in shape with the second connecting shaft hole 103, the hook rod body 401 is installed on the U-shaped mounting groove 104 and the third connecting shaft hole 402 coincides with the second connecting shaft hole 103;
[0096] The second connecting shaft 3 is installed on the third connecting shaft hole 402 and the second connecting shaft hole 103, and the hook rod 4 rotates around its axis in the vertical direction through the second connecting shaft 3;
[0097] A hook head 5 is installed on the hook rod body 401, a spherical roller bearing 10 is provided between the hook rod body 401 and the hook head 5, and a spherical thrust roller bearing 8 is provided at the bottom of one end of the hook head 5 away from the third connecting shaft hole 402. The spherical roller bearing 10 and the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 work together to enable the hook head 5 to rotate around the hook rod 4.
[0098] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first connecting shaft 2 also includes a first connecting shaft sliding bearing 12 for driving the cross steering rod body 101 to rotate.
[0099] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the second connecting shaft 3 also includes a second connecting shaft sliding bearing 11 for driving the hook rod 4 to rotate.
[0100] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Fig.16 As shown, the hook rod body 401 is also surrounded by a hook rod sleeve 9, the hook rod sleeve 9 is located below the spherical roller bearing 10, the hook head 5 is installed on the hook rod sleeve 9, and the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 is installed on the hook rod sleeve 9 at one end away from the spherical roller bearing 10 and supports the bottom of the hook head 5.
[0101] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Fig.16As shown, the outer diameter of the hook rod sleeve 9 is consistent with the inner diameter of the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 , the hook rod sleeve 9 is outermostly mounted on the hook rod body 401 , and the inner diameter of the hook rod sleeve 9 is consistent with the outer diameter of the hook rod body 401 .
[0102] Please see again Figure 2 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 , Fig.13 and Fig.16 As shown, the inner diameter of the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 is at least larger than the inner diameter of the spherical roller bearing 10 to improve its load-bearing capacity and ensure that the hook head 5 can rotate flexibly.
[0103] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig.15 As shown, a bearing block 7 for supporting the hook head 5 is also provided below the hook rod 4 , and the bearing block 7 is divided into four pieces and installed on the bearing block installation groove 403 .
[0104] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig.15 As shown, the shape of the outer side surface of the bearing block 7 is consistent with the shape of the side surface of the truncated cone, and a first circular groove 701 and a second circular groove 702 are provided inside the bearing block 7. The diameter of the first circular groove 701 is at least greater than the outer diameter of the bearing block mounting groove 403, and the diameter of the second circular groove 702 is at least greater than the outer diameter of the hook rod body 401. The connection between the first circular groove 701 and the second circular groove 702 forms a first mating surface 703 with one side of the bearing block mounting groove 403.
[0105] Please see again Figure 2 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 and Fig.14 As shown, the outer surface of the bearing block 7 is also surrounded by a fixing ring 6, and a third circular groove 601, a fourth groove 602 and a first bearing surface 605 are provided inside the fixing ring 6. The diameter of the third circular groove 601 is at least greater than the outer diameter of the hook rod body 401, and the fourth groove 602 forms a second meshing surface 603 with the outer side surface of the bearing block 7. The shape of the second meshing surface 603 is consistent with the shape of the side surface of the truncated cone. The inclined surface guides the fixing ring and the bearing block to facilitate assembly and disassembly. The first bearing surface 605 forms a third meshing surface 604 with the second bearing surface 704 of the bearing block 7 to transfer vertical loads.
[0106] Please see again Figure 2 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 and Fig.14 As shown, the fixing ring 6 is located below the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 and supports it.
[0107] Please see again Fig.11 , Fig.12 and Fig.13 As shown, the hook head can be changed between 4-claw hook and 2-claw hook.
[0108] The installation and workflow of the present invention are as follows:
[0109] like Fig.24 , sequentially put the spherical roller bearing 10 and the hook head 5 upward from the bottom of the hook rod body 401 and push them to the top; put the hook rod sleeve 9 upward between the hook rod body 401 and the hook head 5; put the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 on the hook rod body 401 and support the hook head 5; then use the fixing ring 6 to support the spherical thrust roller bearing 8; then install the bearing block 7 divided into 4 pieces into the bearing block installation groove 403 of the hook rod body 401. Finally, move the fixing ring 6 and all the components above it downward together. Under the guidance of the fourth groove 602 consistent with the side shape of the truncated cone, the fixing ring 6 is put on the outside of the bearing block 7 to form a second meshing surface 603 so that the divided bearing block 7 forms a whole, and the vertical load of the hook head 5 is transmitted through the third meshing surface 604. The spherical roller bearing 10 and the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 work together to withstand the horizontal load and make the hook head 5 rotate around the hook rod body 401.
[0110] Then, the third connecting shaft hole 402 of the hook rod 4 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped mounting groove 104. At this time, the second connecting shaft hole 103 coincides with the third connecting shaft hole 402. The second connecting shaft 3 is installed in the two coincident shaft holes. At this time, the cross-steering rod 1 is connected to the hook rod 4, and the hook rod 4 can rotate around its axis in the vertical direction of the second connecting shaft 3. Finally, the first connecting shaft 2 is installed on the first connecting shaft hole 102 of the cross-steering rod 1. At this time, the cross-steering rod 1 can rotate around its axis in the vertical direction of the first connecting shaft 2.
[0111] When the sling is subjected to uneven load, a cargo rope is installed on the hoisted object to control the rotation of the hook head, and the vertical angles of the cross steering rod and the hook rod are adjusted to stabilize the work.
[0112] Example 2
[0113] This example explores the impact of unbalanced sling loads on the hook system and how to accurately control the aerial state of the hoisted object in large-scale hoisting operations. Figures 1 to 14 , Fig.17 and Fig.18 Shown, including
[0114] A cross steering rod 1 comprises a cross steering rod body 101, a first connecting shaft hole 102 located at one end of the cross steering rod body 101, and a second connecting shaft hole 103 located at the other end of the cross steering rod body 101 and perpendicular to the first connecting shaft hole 101, and a U-shaped mounting groove 104 is provided at one end of the cross steering rod body 101 away from the first connecting shaft hole 102;
[0115] A first connecting shaft 2 is mounted on the upper connecting shaft hole 101, and the cross steering rod 1 rotates around its axis in the vertical direction through the first connecting shaft 2;
[0116] The hook rod 4 comprises a cylindrical hook rod body 401, a third connecting shaft hole 402 located at one end of the hook rod body, and a bearing block mounting groove 403 located at the other end of the hook rod body 401, the third connecting shaft hole 402 is consistent in shape with the second connecting shaft hole 103, the hook rod body 401 is installed on the U-shaped mounting groove 104 and the third connecting shaft hole 402 coincides with the second connecting shaft hole 103;
[0117] The second connecting shaft 3 is installed on the third connecting shaft hole 402 and the second connecting shaft hole 103, and the hook rod 4 rotates around its axis in the vertical direction through the second connecting shaft 3;
[0118] A hook head 5 is installed on the hook rod body 401, a spherical roller bearing 10 is provided between the hook rod body 401 and the hook head 5, and a spherical thrust roller bearing 8 is provided at the bottom of one end of the hook head 5 away from the third connecting shaft hole 402. The spherical roller bearing 10 and the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 work together to enable the hook head 5 to rotate around the hook rod 4.
[0119] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first connecting shaft 2 also includes a first connecting shaft sliding bearing 12 for driving the cross steering rod body 101 to rotate.
[0120] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the second connecting shaft 3 also includes a second connecting shaft sliding bearing 11 for driving the hook rod 4 to rotate.
[0121] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Fig.16 As shown, the hook rod body 401 is also surrounded by a hook rod sleeve 9, the hook rod sleeve 9 is located below the spherical roller bearing 10, the hook head 5 is installed on the hook rod sleeve 9, and the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 is installed on the hook rod sleeve 9 at one end away from the spherical roller bearing 10 and supports the bottom of the hook head 5.
[0122] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Fig.16 As shown, the outer diameter of the hook rod sleeve 9 is consistent with that of the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 , the hook rod sleeve 9 is outermostly mounted on the hook rod body 401 , and the inner diameter of the hook rod sleeve 9 is consistent with the outer diameter of the hook rod body 401 .
[0123] Please see again Figure 2 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 , Fig.13 and Fig.16 As shown, the inner diameter of the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 is at least larger than the inner diameter of the spherical roller bearing 10 to improve its load-bearing capacity and ensure that the hook head 5 can rotate flexibly.
[0124] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig.15 As shown, a bearing block 7 for supporting the hook head 5 is also provided below the hook rod 4 , and the bearing block 7 is divided into four pieces and installed on the bearing block installation groove 403 .
[0125] Please see again Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig.15 As shown, the shape of the outer side surface of the bearing block 7 is consistent with the shape of the side surface of the truncated cone, and a first circular groove 701 and a second circular groove 702 are provided inside the bearing block 7. The diameter of the first circular groove 701 is at least greater than the outer diameter of the bearing block mounting groove 403, and the diameter of the second circular groove 702 is at least greater than the outer diameter of the hook rod body 401. The connection between the first circular groove 701 and the second circular groove 702 forms a first mating surface 703 with one side of the bearing block mounting groove 403.
[0126] Please see again Figure 2 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 and Fig.14 As shown, the bearing block 7 also includes a second bearing surface 704 located at the upper end of the first circular groove 701. The outer surface of the bearing block 7 is also surrounded by a fixing ring 6. The fixing ring 6 is provided with a third circular groove 601, a fourth groove 602 and a first bearing surface 605. The diameter of the third circular groove 601 is at least greater than the outer diameter of the hook rod body 401. The fourth groove 602 forms a second meshing surface 603 with the outer side surface of the bearing block 7. The shape of the second meshing surface 603 is consistent with the shape of the side surface of the truncated cone. The inclined surface is used to guide the fixing ring and the bearing block, so that the assembly and disassembly between the fixing ring and the bearing block are more convenient. The first bearing surface 605 forms a third meshing surface 604 with the second bearing surface 704 of the bearing block 7 to transfer vertical loads.
[0127] Please see again Figure 2 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 and Fig.14 As shown, the fixing ring 6 is located below the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 and supports it.
[0128] Please see again Fig.11 , Fig.12 and Fig.13 As shown, the hook head can be changed between 4-claw hook and 2-claw hook.
[0129] Please see again Fig.17 As shown, when subjected to unbalanced sling loads, that is, the first sling load 15 and the second sling load 1501 are different, resulting in the first sling load horizontal component 14 and the second sling load horizontal component 1401 being different, and the first sling load vertical component 16 and the second sling load vertical component 1601 being different, so that the first hook rod 4 is changed from a tension member to a tension-bending member, and the radial force of the bearing needs to be increased; the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 changes from only bearing pressure loads to increasing the horizontal radial force, i.e., the second bearing radial force 18; the spherical roller bearing 10 changes from only providing rotational action to considering the horizontal radial force, i.e., the first bearing radial force 17; the shape of the hook teeth of the hook head 5 needs to consider the effect of the unbalanced sling load, such as Figure 7 The hook head 5 needs to be reinforced with a support ring 13 on the outside of the spherical roller bearing 10 to withstand the radial force of the bearing.
[0130] Please see again Fig.18 As shown, when subjected to balanced cable loads, that is, the third cable load 1502 and the fourth cable load 1503 are the same, resulting in the third cable load horizontal component 1402 and the fourth cable load horizontal component 1403 being the same, and the third cable load vertical component 1602 and the fourth cable load vertical component 1603 being the same, there is no need to consider the bearing radial force.
[0131] Please see again Fig.19 and Fig. 20 As shown, when the unbalanced sling load on the hook teeth generates additional torque, that is, the first sling load 1501 is different from the second sling load 1501, the hook head 5 can drive the hoisted object to rotate around the hook rod 4, the hook rod 4 drives the hook head 5 and the hoisted object to rotate around the second connecting shaft 3, and the cross steering rod 1 drives the hook rod 4 and the hook head 5 below and the hoisted object to rotate around the first connecting shaft 2. Therefore, this hook system can absorb the additional torque generated by the unbalanced sling load by itself, and will not be transmitted to the crane beam or pulley frame, so as to ensure the normal operation of the crane.
[0132] Please see again Fig. 22 and Fig.23As shown, during the operation of a large crane equipped with this hook system, since the hook system itself can achieve full free rotation in three directions, the aerial posture of the hoisted object can be adjusted through the cargo stabilizing rope 19 without the main body of the crane moving; the aerial position of the hoisted object can also be adjusted in coordination with the movement of the crane. Due to the multiple adjustment methods, small movements and accurate control, it is easy to install in place.
[0133] The installation and workflow of the present invention are as follows:
[0134] like Fig.24 , sequentially put the spherical roller bearing 10 and the hook head 5 upward from the bottom of the hook rod body 401 and push them to the top; put the hook rod sleeve 9 upward between the hook rod body 401 and the hook head 5; put the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 on the hook rod body 401 and support the hook head 5; then use the fixing ring 6 to support the spherical thrust roller bearing 8; then install the bearing block 7 divided into 4 pieces into the bearing block installation groove 403 of the hook rod body 401. Finally, move the fixing ring 6 and all the components above it downward together. Under the guidance of the fourth groove 602 consistent with the side shape of the truncated cone, the fixing ring 6 is put on the outside of the bearing block 7 to form a second meshing surface 603 so that the divided bearing block 7 forms a whole, and the vertical load of the hook head 5 is transmitted through the third meshing surface 604. The spherical roller bearing 10 and the spherical thrust roller bearing 8 work together to withstand the horizontal load and make the hook head 5 rotate around the hook rod body 401.
[0135] Then, the third connecting shaft hole 402 of the hook rod 4 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped mounting groove 104. At this time, the second connecting shaft hole 103 coincides with the third connecting shaft hole 402. The second connecting shaft 3 is installed in the two coincident shaft holes. At this time, the cross-steering rod 1 is connected to the hook rod 4, and the hook rod 4 can rotate around its axis in the vertical direction of the second connecting shaft 3. Finally, the first connecting shaft 2 is installed on the first connecting shaft hole 102 of the cross-steering rod 1. At this time, the cross-steering rod 1 can rotate around its axis in the vertical direction of the first connecting shaft 2.
[0136] When the sling is subjected to uneven load, a cargo rope is installed on the hoisted object to control the rotation of the hook head, and the vertical angles of the cross steering rod and the hook rod are adjusted to stabilize the work.
[0137] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A hook system capable of withstanding unbalanced sling loads, characterized in that: include: A cross steering rod (1) comprises a cross steering rod body (101), a first connecting shaft hole (102) located at one end of the cross steering rod body (101), and a second connecting shaft hole (103) located at the other end of the cross steering rod body (101) and perpendicular to the first connecting shaft hole (101), wherein a U-shaped mounting groove (104) is provided at one end of the cross steering rod body (101) away from the first connecting shaft hole (102); A first connecting shaft (2) mounted on the upper connecting shaft hole (101), wherein the cross steering rod (1) rotates around its axis in a vertical direction via the first connecting shaft (2); A hook rod (4), comprising a cylindrical hook rod body (401), a third connecting shaft hole (402) located at one end of the hook rod body, and a bearing block mounting groove (403) located at the other end of the hook rod body (401), wherein the third connecting shaft hole (402) and the second connecting shaft hole (103) are of the same shape, and the hook rod body (401) is mounted on the U-shaped mounting groove (104) and the third connecting shaft hole (402) overlaps with the second connecting shaft hole (103); A second connecting shaft (3) mounted on the third connecting shaft hole (402) and the second connecting shaft hole (103), wherein the hook rod (4) rotates around its axis in a vertical direction through the second connecting shaft (3); and a hook head (5) mounted on a hook rod body (401); a spherical roller bearing (10) is provided between the hook rod body (401) and the hook head (5); a spherical thrust roller bearing (8) is provided at the bottom of one end of the hook head (5) away from the third connecting shaft hole (402); the spherical roller bearing (10) and the spherical thrust roller bearing (8) cooperate to enable the hook head (5) to rotate around the hook rod (4).
2. A hook system capable of withstanding unbalanced sling load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connecting shaft (2) also includes a first connecting shaft sliding bearing (12) for driving the cross steering rod body (101) to rotate.
3. A hook system capable of withstanding unbalanced sling load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second connecting shaft (3) also includes a second connecting shaft sliding bearing (11) for driving the hook rod (4) to rotate.
4. A hook system capable of withstanding unbalanced sling load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hook rod body (401) is also surrounded by a hook rod sleeve (9) on the outside, the hook rod sleeve (9) is located below the spherical roller bearing (10), the hook head (5) is mounted on the hook rod sleeve (9), and the spherical thrust roller bearing (8) is mounted on the hook rod sleeve (9) at one end away from the spherical roller bearing (10) and supports the bottom of the hook head 5.
5. A hook system capable of withstanding unbalanced sling load according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the hook rod sleeve (9) is consistent with the inner diameter of the spherical thrust roller bearing (8); the hook rod sleeve (9) is externally mounted on the hook rod body (401); and the inner diameter of the hook rod sleeve (9) is consistent with the outer diameter of the hook rod body (401).
6. A hook system capable of withstanding unbalanced sling load according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the spherical thrust roller bearing (8) is at least greater than the inner diameter of the spherical roller bearing (10) so as to improve its load-bearing capacity and ensure that the hook head (5) can rotate flexibly.
7. A hook system capable of withstanding unbalanced sling load according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bearing block (7) for supporting the hook head (5) is also provided below the hook rod (4); the bearing block (7) is divided into four pieces and is installed on the bearing block installation groove (403).
8. A hook system capable of withstanding unbalanced sling load according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shape of the outer side surface of the bearing block (7) is consistent with the shape of the side surface of the truncated cone. A first circular groove (701) and a second circular groove (702) are provided inside the bearing block (7). The diameter of the first circular groove (701) is at least larger than the outer diameter of the bearing block mounting groove (403), and the diameter of the second circular groove (702) is at least larger than the outer diameter of the hook rod body (401). The connection between the first circular groove (701) and the second circular groove (702) forms a first meshing surface (703) with one side of the bearing block mounting groove (403).
9. A hook system capable of withstanding unbalanced sling load according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bearing block (7) also includes a second bearing surface (704) located at the upper end of the first circular groove (701); the outer surface of the bearing block (7) is also surrounded by a fixing ring (6); a third circular groove (601), a fourth groove (602) and a first bearing surface (605) are provided inside the fixing ring (6); the diameter of the third circular groove (601) is at least greater than the outer diameter of the hook rod body (401); the fourth groove (602) and the outer side surface of the bearing block (7) form a second meshing surface (603); the first bearing surface (605) and the second bearing surface (704) of the bearing block (7) form a third meshing surface (604).
10. A hook system capable of withstanding unbalanced sling load according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fixing ring (6) is located below the spherical thrust roller bearing (8) and plays a supporting role therefor.