Biochar containing high-concentration sophora flavescens active component as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and discloses charcoal containing a high-concentration sophora flavescens active component and a preparation method and application thereof.The charcoal is prepared by adsorbing the high-concentration sophora flavescens active component through sophora flavescens charcoal, and the sophora flavescens active component comprises sophora flavescens alkaloid and sophora flavescens isopentenyl flavone; after the high-concentration lightyellow sophora root active component charcoal is applied, lightyellow sophora root alkaloid and lightyellow sophora root isopentenyl flavone can be continuously and slowly released, and the slow release time is longer than 40 days. When being applied to commercial crops such as vegetables and tobaccos, the pesticide composition can be used for continuously preventing various diseases and insect pests such as Chinese cabbage downy mildew, flue-cured tobacco aphids, oriental tobacco budworms, bemisia tabaci, tobacco mosaic virus diseases, tobacco tomato spotted wilt virus diseases and tobacco sooty mould in a long-acting manner, and the harm such as water source pollution caused by application of chemical drugs is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to biochar containing high-concentration active components of Sophora flavescens, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

[0003] The development of chemical drugs has brought about an increase in agricultural production, but it also threatens human life, health and the environment. Chemical drugs enter the body through respiratory inhalation, skin contact, oral ingestion or eye contact, which may cause acute poisoning. For example, inhaling high concentrations of chemicals can cause respiratory irritation, such as coughing, shortness of breath, and even chemical pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Eating fruits and vegetables containing pesticides may cause chronic poisoning and affect multiple organ systems. For example, some drugs may cause persistent damage to the liver, kidneys, nervous system, etc. There are also potential hazards such as carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and impaired immune system. Although the country has formulated various standards to control the residual amount of chemical drugs, it only treats the symptoms and not the root cause.

[0004] Plant ingredients are generally considered to be natural and relatively safe pesticides because they are derived from natural sources such as plants, animals, microorganisms and minerals. Botanical pesticides usually degrade quickly in sunlight and are therefore considered to have less impact on the environment and human health. There are also some natural compounds in plants that have insecticidal and bactericidal effects. For example, Sophora flavescens, whose main active ingredients are alkaloids (mainly with insecticidal effects) and isopentenyl flavonoids (mainly with antibacterial effects) contained in Sophora flavescens, is widely used in crop disease and insect pest control. However, in agriculture, Sophora flavescens extracts are generally used directly for pesticide application. The content of active ingredients in Sophora flavescens is low, and the application effect is greatly affected. In agricultural production, multiple applications are required to achieve relatively good disease and insect pest control effects, which greatly reduces production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biochar containing a high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens and a preparation method and application thereof, in view of the problems of poor protective effect and low production efficiency of the active components of Sophora flavescens at present, so as to solve the problem that the active components of Sophora flavescens have low content and need to be applied multiple times, and the high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens are adsorbed by biochar and slowly released in the soil. A single application can achieve a long-term protective effect of at least 40 days, and the concentration of the active components of Sophora flavescens in the biochar can reach 7% or more of the content of Sophora flavescens alkaloids in the Sophora flavescens biochar, and the content of the Sophora flavescens isopentenyl flavonoids in the Sophora flavescens biochar is 16% or more.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] On one hand, the present invention provides a biochar containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens, including Sophora flavescens biochar and Sophora flavescens extract, wherein the Sophora flavescens biochar is made from Sophora flavescens aboveground straw; the Sophora flavescens active components include Sophora flavescens alkaloids and Sophora flavescens isopentenyl flavonoids.

[0008] According to a preferred embodiment, the content of the sophora flavescens alkaloids in the sophora flavescens biochar is greater than 7%, and the content of the sophora flavescens isopentenyl flavonoids in the sophora flavescens biochar is greater than 16%.

[0009] According to a preferred embodiment, the active component of Sophora flavescens is prepared by the following method: Step (1): using Sophora flavescens aboveground straw or Sophora flavescens underground roots and a starter prepared by mixing Acetobacter xylinum, yeast, Trichoderma, actinomycetes and filamentous fungi to ferment at 45-65°C for 7-10 days, and separating the solid and liquid to obtain the liquid phase.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the active components of Sophora flavescens specifically comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step (1.1): harvesting the aerial parts of Sophora flavescens when its leaves turn yellow-green, and drying them in the shade or in the sun until their weight becomes 40-50% of their fresh weight and their water content drops to less than 15%;

[0012] Step (1.2): diluting Acetobacter xylinum with an effective viable count of 2 billion / g with water 200 times to obtain Acetobacter xylinum dilution solution; diluting a starter prepared from a mixture of yeast, Trichoderma, actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi with an effective viable count of 20 billion / g with water 200 times to obtain a starter dilution solution;

[0013] Step (1.3): crushing the dried Sophora flavescens straw in step (1.1), adding 40 to 50 parts of Acetobacter xylinum dilution solution to 100 parts of Sophora flavescens straw according to the weight of the Sophora flavescens straw before crushing, and soaking for 7 to 10 days to fully soften the crushed Sophora flavescens straw to obtain Sophora flavescens straw with a water content of 40 to 50%;

[0014] Step (1.4): adding 10 to 20 parts of a fermentation agent diluent to the Sophora flavescens straw having a water content of 40 to 50% prepared in step (1.3) according to a weight ratio of 100 parts of the Sophora flavescens straw, and mixing them thoroughly to ensure that the water content of the Sophora flavescens straw after adding the fermentation agent diluent is within the range of 60% ± 5%;

[0015] Step (1.5): Cover the Sophora flavescens stalks prepared in step (1.4) with an airtight film, turn them over once when the temperature rises to 45-50° C., and then turn them over again when the temperature rises to 60-65° C., and ferment for 7-10 days until the Sophora flavescens stalks are fully decomposed;

[0016] Step (1.6): Dry and clean the fermented Sophora flavescens stalks and separate the fermented liquid, which is the active component of Sophora flavescens.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the Sophora flavescens biochar is prepared by the following method: Step 1: crushing the residue after Sophora flavescens extraction and the Sophora flavescens above-ground straw,

[0018] Heat to 800-830℃ in a tube furnace at 10-15℃ / min and maintain for 3-3.5h. After cooling, soak the material in 30-40mL 1M H2SO4 for 12-14h, then wash with deionized water, and then bake in an oven at 60℃ for 12h and grind into powder.

[0019] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing biochar containing a high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Add Sophora flavescens biochar to Sophora flavescens fermented liquid in a weight ratio of 10:1 to 10:3, stir evenly, and perform ultrasonic oscillation for 1.5 to 2 hours at 50 to 60° C., ultrasonic frequency of 50 to 80 kHz, ultrasonic power of 300 to 500 W.

[0021] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for applying biochar containing a high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step (1): mixing the biochar containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens with organic fertilizer at a weight ratio of 0.5 to 10:100 to prepare biochar organic fertilizer containing active components of Sophora flavescens;

[0023] Step (2): Set the dosage according to the requirements of the plant variety and spread it on the soil surface.

[0024] Another aspect of the present invention provides the use of the aforementioned biochar containing a high concentration of Sophora flavescens active components in controlling downy mildew of Chinese cabbage, wherein the control can last for at least 40 days.

[0025] Another aspect of the present invention provides the use of the aforementioned biochar containing a high concentration of Sophora flavescens active components in preventing and controlling tobacco diseases and insect pests.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the tobacco pests and diseases include tobacco aphids, tobacco budworms, tobacco whiteflies, tobacco mosaic virus disease, tobacco tomato spotted wilt virus disease and tobacco sooty mold.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The present invention provides a biochar containing a high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens. The present invention uses biochar to adsorb the active components of Sophora flavescens, simplifies the application method of the active components of Sophora flavescens, and improves the control effect of the active substances of Sophora flavescens. One application can achieve long-term control for 40 days;

[0029] 2. The present invention provides a method for preparing biochar containing high-concentration active components of Sophora flavescens, wherein the above-ground part of Sophora flavescens is fermented in combination with a fermentation agent prepared in the present application, and the fermentation effect is better than that of EM strains and underground parts, and the total content of active components of Sophora flavescens is significantly increased, thereby being able to enrich higher concentrations of active components in biochar, prolong the sustained-release time, and improve the protective effect; the remaining Sophora flavescens stems from the fermentation are further used to prepare Sophora flavescens biochar, and the prepared Sophora flavescens biochar has a longer sustained-release and protective time; the main active components (alkaloids and isopentenyl flavonoids) in the fermentation liquid of the above-ground straw of Sophora flavescens are fully filled and adsorbed into the porous structure of the Sophora flavescens biochar through a low-temperature cold bath and ultrasonic oscillation, thereby prolonging the sustained-release time and improving the protective effect;

[0030] 3. The present invention utilizes the above-ground parts of Sophora flavescens that have no medicinal value to ferment and further extract the active ingredients of Sophora flavescens, making full use of Sophora flavescens resources and reducing resource waste;

[0031] 4. The biochar containing high concentrations of Sophora flavescens active components prepared by the present invention can be used to prevent and control cabbage downy mildew, tobacco diseases and insect pests, etc. It can be directly applied or prepared into an organic fertilizer containing high concentrations of Sophora flavescens biologically active components and applied to the soil, which can slowly release the Sophora flavescens active components and exert insecticidal and disease-preventing effects on agricultural and economic crops for a long time, achieving a one-time application and a long-term disease-resistant and insect-repellent effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The scanning electron micrographs of Sophora flavescens biochar and Sophora flavescens fermentation liquid adsorbing Sophora flavescens biochar, in which A is Sophora flavescens biochar, and B is Sophora flavescens fermentation liquid adsorbing Sophora flavescens biochar; (i) is magnified 500 times; (ii) is magnified 5000 times;

[0033] Figure 2 The infrared spectra of Sophora flavescens biochar and Sophora flavescens fermentation liquid adsorbing Sophora flavescens biochar; A in the figure is Sophora flavescens biochar; B is Sophora flavescens fermentation liquid adsorbing Sophora flavescens biochar;

[0034] Figure 3 The field test effect of biochar organic fertilizer containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens on the prevention and control of downy mildew of Chinese cabbage;

[0035] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the infection of sooty mold at the base of tobacco stems under different treatments, where A is treatment 1 in which biochar organic fertilizer containing biochar containing active ingredients adsorbed from Sophora flavescens was applied; B is treatment 2 in which ordinary organic fertilizer was applied; and C is the blank control. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The specific embodiments listed in the present invention are only examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions to the embodiments described below are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the equal transformations and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturers are not specified for all reagents or instruments, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially. In order to better illustrate the present invention, numerous specific details are given in the specific embodiments below. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can also be implemented without certain specific details. In other embodiments, the methods, means, equipment and steps well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the purport of the present invention.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the units used in this specification are all international standard units, and the numerical values ​​and numerical ranges appearing in the present invention should be understood to include the inevitable systematic errors in industrial production.

[0038] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0039] Example 1 Preparation method of biochar containing high concentration of active ingredients of Sophora flavescens

[0040] 1. Preparation method of biochar containing high concentration of active ingredients from Sophora flavescens

[0041] 1.1 Preparation of fermented liquid from Sophora flavescens aboveground straw (extraction of active ingredients from Sophora flavescens by fermentation)

[0042] (1) Harvest the above-ground part of Sophora flavescens when its leaves mature and turn yellow-green each year. The moisture content of the fresh stalks is 60-70%. Dry them naturally in the shade or in the sun. After drying, the weight becomes 40-50% of the fresh weight, and the moisture content drops to less than 15%;

[0043] (2) diluting Acetobacter xylinum with an effective viable count of 2 billion / g with water 200 times to obtain Acetobacter xylinum dilution liquid; diluting a starter culture prepared from a yeast, Trichoderma, actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi with an effective viable count of 20 billion / g with water 200 times to obtain a starter culture dilution liquid;

[0044] (3) crushing the Sophora flavescens straw with a water content of less than 15% with a crusher in a tank fermentation tank, adding 40 to 50 parts of a dilution of Acetobacter xylinum to 100 parts of the Sophora flavescens straw according to the weight of the Sophora flavescens straw before crushing, and soaking for 7 to 10 days to fully soften the crushed Sophora flavescens straw to obtain Sophora flavescens straw with a water content of 40 to 50%;

[0045] (4) adding 10 to 20 parts of a fermentation agent diluent to 100 parts of the Sophora flavescens straw having a moisture content of 40 to 50% by weight, and mixing the mixture thoroughly to ensure that the moisture content of the Sophora flavescens straw after adding the fermentation agent diluent is within the range of 60% ± 5%;

[0046] (5) Covering the Sophora flavescens straw with the fermentation agent in the fermentation tank with a plastic film, turning it over once when the temperature rises to 45-50° C., and then turning it over again when the temperature rises to 60-65° C., and fermenting for 7-10 days until the Sophora flavescens straw is fully decomposed;

[0047] (6) The fermented Sophora flavescens straw is subjected to dry cleaning and separation, and the separated fermentation liquid is the Sophora flavescens fermentation liquid. The Sophora flavescens straw fermentation residue after the fermentation liquid is separated can be used as an organic fertilizer raw material.

[0048] 1.2 Preparation of Sophora flavescens biochar

[0049] The residue after extraction of Sophora flavescens and the above-ground straw of Sophora flavescens were crushed, put into a quartz boat, and heated to 800℃ in a tube furnace at 10℃ / min and maintained for 3h (with N2). After cooling, the material was soaked in 30ml 1M H2SO4 for 12h, washed with deionized water, and then baked in an oven at 60℃ for 12h before grinding into powder.

[0050] 1.3 Preparation of biochar containing high concentrations of active components from Sophora flavescens

[0051] Add a certain amount of Sophora flavescens biochar to the Sophora flavescens fermentation liquid, stir evenly, and perform ultrasonic oscillation for a period of time under certain temperature conditions to allow the active ingredients to be fully adsorbed into the biochar; the optimal process is a fermentation liquid to biochar ratio of 10:1 to 10:3; adsorption temperature of 50 to 60°C, adsorption time of 1.5 to 2h, ultrasonic frequency of 50 to 80kHz, and ultrasonic power of 300 to 500W.

[0052] 2. The adsorption effect of active components of Sophora flavescens fermentation broth on Sophora flavescens biochar was detected by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy:

[0053] like Figure 1The results of scanning electron microscopy are shown in the figure, (i) is magnified 500 times; (ii) is magnified 5000 times. The results show that there are many loose porous structures on the surface of Sophora flavescens biochar. After mixed and incubated with Sophora flavescens fermentation liquid, the surface of Sophora flavescens biochar becomes smooth and all the loose pores are covered, indicating that the Sophora flavescens fermentation liquid carries Sophora flavescens chemicals to fully fill the pores of Sophora flavescens biochar and adsorb to the surface of Sophora flavescens biochar, obtaining biochar containing high concentrations of Sophora flavescens active components. In the figure, (i) is magnified 500 times; (ii) is the infrared spectrum test result magnified 5000 times ( Figure 2 ) found that there were obvious characteristic absorption peaks of biochar (CH; CO; CC, etc.) in Sophora flavescens biochar. The biochar adsorbed with the active components of Sophora flavescens fermentation broth not only had obvious characteristic absorption peaks of biochar (CH; CO; CC, etc.), but also increased many characteristic absorption peaks of the active components of Sophora flavescens (CN; C=O, etc.). The results also showed that the active components in the Sophora flavescens fermentation broth were adsorbed on the Sophora flavescens biochar.

[0054] 3. Content of active components of Sophora flavescens and adsorption on Sophora flavescens biochar

[0055] The content of active components of Sophora flavescens and the adsorption amount on Sophora flavescens biochar were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The results are shown in Table 1. After the Sophora flavescens aboveground straw and underground roots were fermented by two types of strains, the contents of alkaloids and isopentenyl flavonoids were significantly increased, and the total content of the two types of components was about 2 times higher than that of the water extract with the same amount of solvent, indicating that after fermentation, the active components of Sophora flavescens were fully released into the fermentation liquid, and the content of active components of Sophora flavescens after fermentation of the Sophora flavescens aboveground straw was the highest. At the same time, the content of active components of Sophora flavescens fermented by the fermentation strain of the present invention was significantly higher than that of the commonly used EM strain.

[0056] In addition, after adsorption and enrichment by Sophora flavescens biochar, the contents of alkaloids and isopentenyl flavonoid components per unit weight in the biochar increased significantly compared with the samples before adsorption, and the total component content increased by more than 3 times, indicating that biochar has a significant enrichment ability for the two types of active ingredients, and the content of the above-ground straw fermentation sample after fermentation with the strain used in the present invention is the highest.

[0057] Table 1 Content of active components of Sophora flavescens and adsorption amount on Sophora flavescens biochar (%)

[0058]

[0059] Note: The EM fermentation formula is a composite microbial strain made from photosynthetic bacteria, bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, yeast, actinomycetes, acetic acid bacteria, etc. The total bacterial count per gram is ≥ 20 billion CFU.

[0060] Example 2: Verification of sustained release of biochar adsorbing active ingredients of Sophora flavescens in soil

[0061] The experiment was conducted in three treatments: (1) T1 treatment, in which 100 g of Sophora flavescens biochar adsorbing the fermentation liquid of Sophora flavescens aboveground straw fermented with the strain of the present invention was added to 1 kg of soil to obtain a mixture of soil and biochar adsorbing active ingredients of Sophora flavescens, and the mixture was placed in a flower pot;

[0062] (2) T2 treatment, adding 100 g of pear wood biochar that absorbs the active ingredients of Sophora flavescens to 1 kg of soil to obtain a mixture of soil and pear wood biochar that absorbs the active ingredients of Sophora flavescens, and placing the mixture into a flower pot;

[0063] (3) T3 treatment: 1 kg of soil was directly placed in a flower pot, and 10 g of the fermentation liquid of Sophora flavescens aboveground straw fermented with the strain of the present invention was diluted 10 times and sprayed on the soil in the flower pot.

[0064] Thirty flowerpots were set up for each of the three treatments. The flowerpots were placed indoors, and 200 ml of clean water was sprayed on the soil of each pot on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, and 30th days respectively. The contents of matrine and oxymatrine, the main chemical components of the active components of Sophora flavescens in the soil, were measured 24 hours after spraying with clean water.

[0065] The test results showed that the initial contents of the main components of Sophora flavescens in the flowerpot soil were not significantly different. After the first clean water spraying in T1 treatment, the residual contents of matrine and oxymatrine were both above 90%; after the second clean water spraying, the residual contents of matrine and oxymatrine were about 79%; after the third clean water spraying, the residual contents of matrine and oxymatrine were both above 61%; after the fourth clean water spraying, the residual contents of matrine and oxymatrine were about 50%; after the fifth clean water spraying, the residual contents of matrine and oxymatrine were both above 36%; after the sixth clean water spraying, the residual contents of matrine and oxymatrine were both above 23%.

[0066] After the first clean water spraying in T2 treatment, the residual amounts of matrine and oxymatrine were both above 86%; after the second clean water spraying, the residual amounts of matrine and oxymatrine were around 75%; after the third clean water spraying, the residual amounts of matrine and oxymatrine were both above 53%; after the fourth clean water spraying, the residual amounts of matrine and oxymatrine were around 40%; after the fifth clean water spraying, the residual amounts of matrine and oxymatrine were both around 25%; after the sixth clean water spraying, the residual amounts of matrine and oxymatrine were both above 10%.

[0067] After the first clean water spraying of T3 treatment, the remaining contents of matrine and oxymatrine were only 75.40% and 72.13%; after the second clean water spraying, the remaining contents of matrine and oxymatrine were only 36.29% and 37.65%; after the third clean water spraying, the remaining contents of matrine and oxymatrine were only 14.01% and 13.03%; after the fourth clean water spraying, the remaining contents of matrine and oxymatrine were only 5.41% and 4.55%; after the fifth and sixth clean water spraying, matrine and oxymatrine were not detected.

[0068] When sprayed with clean water once every 5 days, the half-life of the biochar adsorbing the active ingredients of Sophora flavescens in the soil is 20 days, and the retention period is more than 30 days; the half-life of the pear wood biochar adsorbing the active ingredients of Sophora flavescens in the soil is more than 15 days, less than 20 days, and the retention period is more than 30 days, but the adsorption capacity of the pear wood biochar for the active ingredients of Sophora flavescens is not as good as that of the Sophora flavescens biochar; and after spraying with clean water twice, the Sophora flavescens extract lost more than 60%, the half-life was less than 10 days, and the retention period was about 20 days; It can be seen that the Sophora flavescens biochar adsorbing the active ingredients of Sophora flavescens has a good sustained release in the soil, and is superior to the pear wood biochar, can be released slowly for a long time, and has a good ability to resist rain erosion.

[0069] Table 2 Detection results of matrine and oxymatrine content in each treatment

[0070]

[0071] Example 3: Biochar organic fertilizer containing high concentration of active ingredients of Sophora flavescens and its application

[0072] (1) Preparation of organic fertilizer: Sophora flavescens biochar and Sophora flavescens fermentation liquid are mixed and adsorbed to prepare a slow-release adsorption Sophora flavescens aboveground fermentation liquid biochar fermented by the strain of the present invention, and then mixed with an organic fertilizer that complies with the national standard NY / T 525-2021 in an amount of 0.5% to 10% to obtain a biochar organic fertilizer containing Sophora flavescens active ingredients for standby use;

[0073] (2) Germination test of biochar organic fertilizer containing high concentration of biochar organic fertilizer containing active components of Sophora flavescens: Three kinds of vegetable seeds, Chinese cabbage, white radish and pepper, were selected for germination test of biochar organic fertilizer containing high concentration of biochar organic fertilizer containing active components of Sophora flavescens. 100 seeds were sown in each replicate. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in germination rate between biochar organic fertilizer containing high concentration of biochar organic fertilizer containing active components of Sophora flavescens and ordinary organic fertilizer (see Table 3), indicating that biochar organic fertilizer containing high concentration of biochar organic fertilizer containing active components of Sophora flavescens would not affect the germination of vegetable seeds.

[0074] Table 3 Survey results on germination rate of Chinese cabbage, white radish and pepper seeds

[0075]

[0076] Example 4 Field test of biochar organic fertilizer containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens

[0077] The experiment was conducted on Chinese cabbage with two treatments. Treatment 1 was an organic fertilizer containing high concentrations of biochar, an active component of Sophora flavescens, and treatment 2 was a blank control. The experimental area was 30m 2 Treatment 1 applied 25kg of biochar organic fertilizer containing high concentration of Sophora flavescens active components, equivalent to 555kg / mu. The biochar organic fertilizer containing high concentration of Sophora flavescens active components was spread on the soil surface before transplanting the vegetable seedlings, and the seedlings were planted after plowing; Treatment 2 transplanted the vegetable seedlings according to the routine. The test results are as follows Figure 3 As shown in Table 4, organic fertilizer containing high concentration of biochar of active component of Sophora flavescens can effectively control downy mildew of Chinese cabbage for a long time. After 20 days of transplanting, no downy mildew was found in the treatment area containing high concentration of biochar of active component of Sophora flavescens, and 29.58% of the leaves of Chinese cabbage in the control area showed downy mildew, and the control efficiency in the treatment area was 100%; 30 days after transplanting, the incidence rate in the treatment area was 1.29%, and the incidence rate in the control area was 58.62%, and the control efficiency in the treatment area was 97.80%; 40 days after transplanting, the incidence rate of downy mildew in the treatment area was 5.82%, and the incidence rate of downy mildew in the control area was 94.86%, and the control efficiency of downy mildew in the treatment area was 93.86%. Organic fertilizer containing high concentration of biochar of active component of Sophora flavescens has good long-term control effect on downy mildew of Chinese cabbage, indicating that Sophora flavescens extract in organic fertilizer containing high concentration of biochar of active component of Sophora flavescens has good sustained release and long-term protective effect.

[0078] Table 4 Results of the investigation on downy mildew of Chinese cabbage

[0079]

[0080] Example 5 Field verification test of the persistent effect of high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens on tobacco pests and diseases

[0081] The experiment was conducted on the flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87, with a total of three treatments. In the T1 treatment, 12 kg / mu of biochar containing high-concentration active components of Sophora flavescens was applied, about 10 grams / plant, and applied to the tobacco pond before transplanting; in the T2 treatment, 300 mL / mu (100 mL / mu, applied 3 times) containing high-concentration active components of Sophora flavescens was sprayed three times, and the leaves were sprayed once at the time of transplanting (April 20), the clustering period (May 18), and the vigorous period (June 9); the CK treatment was a blank control. Each treatment was repeated three times, and 60 tobacco plants were planted in each plot, and each plot was arranged in random blocks. Tobacco pest surveys were conducted on May 18, May 19, May 21, May 25, June 9, June 10, June 12, and June 16, and tobacco disease surveys were conducted on May 18, June 9, and July 6.

[0082] (1) The persistence of biochar containing high concentrations of active components of Sophora flavescens against tobacco aphids is shown in Table 5 below: 28 days after transplanting, the number of aphids in T1 treatment was less than 40, with 1.3 aphids per plant, and the control effect was maintained above 90%. The control effect was maintained above 88% after 35 days, 50 days, and 57 days after transplanting. 28 days after transplanting, the number of aphids in T2 treatment was 228, and the number of aphids per plant was 7.6, and the control efficiency was reduced to 47.22%. After the second application of pesticides, the number of aphids decreased to 124, 64, and 35, respectively, 1d, 3d, and 7d, and the control efficiency was 70.96%, 85.05%, and 91.95%, respectively. 22 days after the second application of pesticides, the number of aphids rebounded to 353, and the number of aphids per plant was 11.77, and the control efficiency was reduced to 57.72%. After the third application of pesticides, the number of aphids decreased to 217, 126, and 69, respectively, 1d, 3d, and 7d, and the control efficiency was 74.41%, 85.33%, and 91.80%, respectively. It can be seen that biochar containing high concentrations of active components of Sophora flavescens has a good persistence effect on flue-cured tobacco aphids, and can maintain a control efficiency of more than 88% for more than 57 days.

[0083] Table 5 Survey on the occurrence of flue-cured tobacco aphids

[0084]

[0085] Note: The insect population in the table is the total number. Pests on 10 tobacco plants were investigated in each plot, and 30 plants were investigated in each treatment (the same below).

[0086] (2) The persistence of biochar containing high concentrations of active components of Sophora flavescens against tobacco budworms: As shown in Table 6, 28 days after transplanting, the population of tobacco budworms in treatment T1 was less than 10, with 0.17 budworms per plant, and the control efficiency was maintained above 82%. The control efficiency was maintained above 77% 35 days, 50 days, and 57 days after transplanting. 28 days after transplanting, the number of tobacco budworms in T2 treatment was 15, and the number of budworms per plant was 0.5, and the control efficiency was reduced to 48.28%. After the second application of pesticides, the number of tobacco budworms decreased to 8, 6, and 5, respectively, 1d, 3d, and 7d, and the control efficiency was 71.43%, 80.65%, and 82.76%, respectively. 22 days after the second application of pesticides, the number of tobacco budworms rebounded to 23, and the number of budworms per plant was 0.77, and the control efficiency was reduced to 50%. After the third application of pesticides, the number of tobacco budworms decreased to 15, 11, and 8, respectively, 1d, 3d, and 7d, and the control efficiency was 68.75%, 76.60%, and 81.82%, respectively. It can be seen that biochar containing high concentrations of active components of Sophora flavescens has a good persistence against tobacco budworms, and can maintain a control efficiency of more than 77% for more than 57 days.

[0087] Table 6 Survey on the occurrence of flue-cured tobacco budworm

[0088]

[0089] (3) The persistence of biochar adsorbed with active ingredients of Sophora flavescens against Bemisia whitefly: As shown in Table 7, 28 days after transplanting, the number of whiteflies in the T1 treatment was less than 40, with an average of 1.13 insects per plant, and the control efficiency was maintained above 87%. The control efficiency was maintained above 80% after 35, 50, and 57 days after transplanting. 28 days after transplanting, the number of whiteflies in T2 treatment was 136, and the number of insects per plant was 4.53, and the control efficiency was reduced to 49.25%. After the second application of pesticides, the number of whiteflies decreased to 72, 44, and 33, respectively, and the control efficiency was 74.01%, 82.54%, and 87.45%, respectively. 22 days after the second application of pesticides, the number of whiteflies rebounded to 251, and the number of insects per plant was 8.37, and the control efficiency was reduced to 47.93%. After the third application of pesticides, the number of whiteflies decreased to 158, 101, and 71, respectively, and the control efficiency was 66.60%, 78.91%, and 84.70%, respectively. It can be seen that biochar adsorbed with active ingredients of Sophora flavescens has a good persistence against whiteflies, and can maintain a control efficiency of more than 80% for more than 57 days.

[0090] Table 7 Survey on the occurrence of tobacco whiteflies

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] (4) The persistent effect of biochar adsorbing active ingredients from Sophora flavescens on tobacco mosaic virus disease:

[0094] As shown in Table 8, biochar adsorbed with active ingredients of Sophora flavescens has good persistence against flue-cured tobacco aphids, and can maintain a control effect of more than 88% for more than 57 days. Therefore, it can effectively block the spread of tobacco mosaic virus by aphids and significantly reduce the incidence and disease of tobacco mosaic virus disease. After 57 days of transplanting, no tobacco mosaic virus disease was found in the T1 treatment, and the control effect was 100%; after 84 days of transplanting, the incidence rate was 1.67%, the disease index was 1.05, and the relative control effect was 77.33%. Aphids in the T2 treatment only had three short decline periods after spraying Sophora flavescens extract. The number of aphids was at a high level most of the time, and the risk of spreading tobacco mosaic virus was also high. After 57 days of transplanting, the incidence rate of the T2 treatment was 1.67%, the disease index was 0.80, and the control effect was only 18.75%; after 84 days of transplanting, the incidence rate was 6.67%, the disease index was 4.07, and the control effect was only 12%. It can be seen that biochar adsorbed with the active ingredients of Sophora flavescens can achieve long-term and lasting prevention and control of tobacco mosaic virus disease through long-term and lasting prevention and control of aphids.

[0095] Table 8 Tobacco mosaic virus disease survey results

[0096]

[0097] 5) The persistence of biochar adsorbing active ingredients from Sophora flavescens against tobacco and tomato spotted wilt virus

[0098] As shown in Table 9, biochar adsorbed with active ingredients of Sophora flavescens has a good repellent effect on thrips, can effectively reduce the spread of tomato spotted wilt virus by thrips, and significantly reduce the incidence and disease of tobacco tomato spotted wilt virus. After 57 days of transplanting, no tomato spotted wilt virus was found in T1 treatment, and the control efficiency was 100%; after 84 days of transplanting, the incidence rate was 3.89%, the disease index was 2.53, and the relative control efficiency was 65.25%. The Sophora flavescens extract sprayed in T2 treatment was easily lost and decomposed by rainwater, so it had a weak repellent effect on thrips. After 57 days of transplanting, the incidence rate of T2 treatment was 2.78%, the disease index was 1.79, and the control efficiency was only 14.71%; after 84 days of transplanting, the incidence rate was 9.56%, the disease index was 7.59, and the control efficiency was only 4.53%. It can be seen that biochar adsorbed with active ingredients of Sophora flavescens can achieve long-term and lasting prevention and control of tobacco tomato spotted wilt virus through its long-lasting repellent effect on thrips.

[0099] Table 9 Survey results of tomato spotted wilt virus

[0100]

[0101] (6) The persistence of biochar adsorbing active ingredients from Sophora flavescens on tobacco sooty mold: as shown in Table 10 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, in the early stage of the experiment, sooty mold disease was not included in the research objects, and only one survey on sooty mold disease was conducted in the later stage. Since tobacco sooty mold disease is caused by the secretions of aphids and whiteflies, the incidence of tobacco sooty mold disease is directly affected by the insect population of aphids and whiteflies. The biochar adsorbed with the active ingredient of Sophora flavescens has a good persistence on aphids and whiteflies in flue-cured tobacco. The control effect after 57 days of transplanting was more than 88% and 80%, respectively, which effectively reduced the insect population base of aphids and whiteflies, greatly reduced the amount of aphids and whiteflies secretions on tobacco plants and tobacco leaves, and significantly reduced the incidence and disease of sooty mold disease. After 84 days of transplanting, the incidence of T1 treatment was 12.22%, the disease index was 5.56, and the relative control effect was 82.27%; the incidence of T2 treatment was 72.22%, the disease index was 25.79, and the control effect was only 17.68%. It can be seen that biochar adsorbed with the active ingredients of Sophora flavescens can achieve long-term and lasting control of tobacco sooty mold by controlling aphids and whiteflies. Figure 4 A shows that in treatment 1, most of the tobacco plants had no sooty mold at the stem base after applying the organic fertilizer containing biochar that absorbed the active ingredients of Sophora flavescens; Figure 4 B shows that in treatment 2 where ordinary organic fertilizer was applied, sooty mold appeared at the base of the tobacco plant stems, which was slightly lighter than that in the blank. Figure 4 C shows that the sooty mold disease at the base of the tobacco stems in the blank control treatment was more serious.

[0102] Table 10 Survey results of tobacco soot disease

[0103]

[0104] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the technical solution concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A biochar containing a high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens, characterized in that: Including Sophora flavescens biochar and Sophora flavescens extract, The Sophora flavescens biochar is made from Sophora flavescens aboveground straw; The active components of Sophora flavescens include Sophora flavescens alkaloids and Sophora flavescens isopentenyl flavonoids.

2. The biochar containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of the sophora flavescens alkaloids in the sophora flavescens biochar is greater than 7%, and the content of the sophora flavescens isopentenyl flavonoids in the sophora flavescens biochar is greater than 16%.

3. The biochar containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active component of Sophora flavescens is prepared by the following method: Step (1): using Sophora flavescens above-ground straw or Sophora flavescens underground roots and a fermentation agent prepared by mixing Acetobacter xylinum, yeast, Trichoderma, actinomycetes and filamentous fungi to ferment at 45-65° C. for 7-10 days, and separating the solid and liquid to obtain the liquid phase.

4. The biochar containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for preparing the active component of Sophora flavescens specifically comprises the following steps: Step (1.1): harvesting the aerial parts of Sophora flavescens when its leaves turn yellow-green, and drying them in the shade or in the sun until their weight becomes 40-50% of their fresh weight and their water content drops to less than 15%; Step (1.2): diluting Acetobacter xylinum with an effective viable count of 2 billion / g with water 200 times to obtain Acetobacter xylinum dilution solution; diluting a starter prepared from a mixture of yeast, Trichoderma, actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi with an effective viable count of 20 billion / g with water 200 times to obtain a starter dilution solution; Step (1.3): crushing the dried Sophora flavescens straw in step (1.1), adding 40 to 50 parts of Acetobacter xylinum dilution solution to 100 parts of Sophora flavescens straw according to the weight of the Sophora flavescens straw before crushing, and soaking for 7 to 10 days to fully soften the crushed Sophora flavescens straw to obtain Sophora flavescens straw with a water content of 40 to 50%; Step (1.4): adding 10 to 20 parts of a fermentation agent diluent to the Sophora flavescens straw having a water content of 40 to 50% prepared in step (1.3) according to a weight ratio of 100 parts of the Sophora flavescens straw, and mixing them thoroughly to ensure that the water content of the Sophora flavescens straw after adding the fermentation agent diluent is within the range of 60% ± 5%; Step (1.5): Cover the Sophora flavescens stalks prepared in step (1.4) with an airtight film, turn them over once when the temperature rises to 45-50° C., and then turn them over again when the temperature rises to 60-65° C., and ferment for 7-10 days until the Sophora flavescens stalks are fully decomposed; Step (1.6): Dry and clean the fermented Sophora flavescens stalks, and the separated fermentation liquid is the active component of Sophora flavescens.

5. The biochar containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Sophora flavescens biochar is prepared by the following method: Step 1: Crush the residue after Sophora flavescens extraction and the Sophora flavescens above-ground straw, heat to 800-830°C in a tubular furnace at 10-15°C / min and maintain for 3-3.5 hours, after cooling, put the material into 30-40mL 1M H2SO4 and soak for 12-14 hours, then wash with deionized water, and then bake in an oven at 60°C for 12 hours and grind into powder.

6. A method for preparing biochar containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Add Sophora flavescens biochar to Sophora flavescens fermented liquid in a weight ratio of 10:1 to 10:3, stir evenly, and perform ultrasonic oscillation for 1.5 to 2 hours at 50 to 60° C., ultrasonic frequency of 50 to 80 kHz, ultrasonic power of 300 to 500 W.

7. A method for applying biochar containing high concentrations of active components of Sophora flavescens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: Step (1): mixing the biochar containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens with organic fertilizer at a weight ratio of 0.5 to 10:100 to prepare biochar organic fertilizer containing active components of Sophora flavescens; Step (2): Set the dosage according to the requirements of the plant variety and spread it on the soil surface.

8. The use of biochar containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens in preventing and treating downy mildew of Chinese cabbage as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The control can last for at least 40 days.

9. Use of the biochar containing high concentration of active components of Sophora flavescens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 in preventing and controlling tobacco diseases and insect pests.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The tobacco pests and diseases include tobacco aphids, tobacco budworms, tobacco whiteflies, tobacco mosaic virus disease, tobacco tomato spotted wilt virus disease and tobacco sooty mold.

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