A high-transparency and high-fog polypropylene material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material and a preparation method thereof. The high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 83.8-94.3 parts of polypropylene, 5-15 parts of nano-flower-like calcium carbonate, 0.3-0.6 parts of antioxidant, and 0.4-0.6 parts of dispersant. In the present invention, nano-flower-like calcium carbonate is added as a filler to a polypropylene material. Due to the multi-angle flower-like structure of the nano-flower-like calcium carbonate, when light passes through the inside of the polypropylene material, the light will be refracted multiple times at multiple angles, thereby improving the haze of the polypropylene material; at the same time, when the nano-flower-like calcium carbonate is used as a filler, since the size of the nano-flower-like calcium carbonate is smaller than the wavelength of light, the dimensional stability of the polypropylene material can be improved without affecting the light transmittance of the polypropylene material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of polymer composite materials, and in particular to a high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, light weight, easy processing, chemical corrosion resistance and other advantages. Therefore, it is widely used in automobiles, home appliances, packaging and other fields.

[0003] Transparent polypropylene usually has a low haze, but in some special application areas, such as lighting fixture housings, it is necessary to improve both the transparency and haze of polypropylene. Traditional SiO2-based light diffusers can improve the transparency of PP materials, but the improvement effect is limited; while other inorganic fillers, while improving the haze of PP materials, significantly reduce the transparency of the material, and urgently need to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-transmittance and high-haze polypropylene material and a preparation method thereof. The high-transmittance and high-haze polypropylene material uses nano-flower-like calcium carbonate as a filler, which significantly improves the transparency and haze of the polypropylene material.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The invention first provides a high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 83.8-94.3 parts of polypropylene, 5-15 parts of nano flower-like calcium carbonate, 0.3-0.6 parts of antioxidant, and 0.4-0.6 parts of dispersant.

[0006] The present invention uses nano flower-like calcium carbonate as a filler and adds it to a polypropylene material. Due to the multi-angle flower sheet structure of the nano flower-like calcium carbonate, when light passes through the interior of the polypropylene material, the light will be refracted multiple times at multiple angles, thereby improving the haze of the polypropylene material. At the same time, when the nano flower-like calcium carbonate is used as a filler, since the size of the nano flower-like calcium carbonate is smaller than the wavelength of light, the dimensional stability of the polypropylene material can be improved without affecting the light transmittance of the polypropylene material.

[0007] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, the polypropylene is homopolymer polypropylene or random copolymer polypropylene.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above scheme of the present invention, the preparation method of the nano flower-like calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare a CaCl2 solution with anhydrous calcium chloride and deionized water at a concentration of 16-20mmol / L; S2. Prepare a KHCO3 solution with potassium bicarbonate and deionized water at a concentration of 32-40mmol / L; S3. Prepare a MgCl2 solution having a concentration of 8-10mmol / L using magnesium chloride and deionized water; S4. The CaCl2 solution, the KHCO3 solution, and the MgCl2 solution are mixed to obtain a mixed solution, and the mixed solution is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction; after the reaction is completed, the solution is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain nano-flower-like calcium carbonate.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above scheme of the present invention, in step S4, the CaCl2 solution, the KHCO3 solution, and the MgCl2 solution are mixed in equal volumes; As a further improvement of the above scheme of the present invention, in step S4, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 80-120° C. and the time is 2-5 h; As a further improvement of the above scheme of the present invention, in step S4, the washing is performed using ethanol and deionized water for several times respectively, and the drying is performed at a temperature of 40-60° C. for 12-24 hours.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, the antioxidant is at least one of a hindered phenol antioxidant, a phosphite antioxidant, and a thioester antioxidant.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, the dispersant is one of calcium stearate, zinc stearate, and macromolecular silicone dispersants.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material as described above, which comprises the following steps: polypropylene, nano-flower-like calcium carbonate, an antioxidant, and a dispersant are uniformly mixed in proportion, added into a twin-screw extruder through a main feed port, and subjected to mixing, extrusion, strip drawing, and pelletizing to obtain the high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, the temperature of each zone of the twin-screw extruder is 180-230° C., and the screw speed is 300-600 r / min.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention uses nano flower-like calcium carbonate as a filler and adds it to a polypropylene material. Due to the multi-angle flower-like structure of the nano flower-like calcium carbonate, when light passes through the interior of the polypropylene material, the light will be refracted multiple times at multiple angles, thereby improving the haze of the polypropylene material; at the same time, when the nano flower-like calcium carbonate is used as a filler, since the particle size of the nano flower-like calcium carbonate is 10-30nm, which is smaller than the wavelength of light, the dimensional stability of the polypropylene material can be improved without affecting the transmittance of the polypropylene material.

[0015] 2. The present invention uses a hydrothermal method to prepare nano flower-like calcium carbonate. During the preparation, due to Mg 2+ The presence of is conducive to the formation of clustered aragonite, so that the calcium carbonate prepared by the hydrothermal method has a flower-like structure, and a multi-angle flower-like material structure is obtained.

[0016] 3. The polypropylene material of the present invention has high transparency and haze, and can be used in the fields of lighting fixture housings and the like. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] For ease of understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thoroughly understood.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] The specific information of the raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples is as follows: Random copolymer polypropylene: brand name is PP F800E, manufacturer is Sinopec; Homopolymer polypropylene: brand name PP S2040, manufacturer: Shanghai Saike; Anhydrous calcium chloride, potassium bicarbonate, and magnesium chloride were all analytically pure and manufactured by Shanghai Aladdin Reagent; Antioxidant 1010: Brand name is Irganox 1010, manufacturer is BASF; Antioxidant 168: Brand name is Irganox 168, manufacturer is BASF; Antioxidant DSTDP: brand name is Naugard DSTDP, manufacturer is Artifact & Chemtura; Dispersant: calcium stearate, manufactured by Shandong Baolilai; Dispersant: zinc stearate, manufactured by Gaomi Xinwei Additives; Dispersant: E525, manufactured by Evonik Degussa; Talc: Brand AH51105, manufacturer Liaoning Aihai; Calcium carbonate: The brand is HST8206, and the manufacturer is Jiangxi Hengshengtai New Materials Co., Ltd.

[0020] All the above materials are commercially available conventional products.

[0021] It can be understood that the above raw materials and reagents are only examples of some specific embodiments of the present invention, which makes the technical solution of the present invention clearer, and does not mean that the present invention can only adopt the above reagents. The specific scope shall be subject to the scope in the claims.

[0022] Any range described in the present invention includes the end value and any numerical value between the end values ​​and any sub-range formed by the end value or any numerical value between the end values.

[0023] Example 1 This embodiment proposes a high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material, and its preparation method includes the following steps: by weight, take 89.1 parts of polypropylene PP F800E, 10 parts of nano flower-like calcium carbonate, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 1010, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 168, and 0.5 parts of dispersant E525, mix them evenly, add them into a twin-screw extruder through the main feeding port, and obtain a polypropylene composite material through mixing, extrusion, drawing, and pelletizing. Among them, the process temperature of the twin-screw extruder from the material port to the die is: 200°C in zone 1, 200°C in zone 2, 200°C in zone 3, 210°C in zone 4, 210°C in zone 5, 210°C in zone 6, 210°C in zone 7, 220°C in zone 8, and 210°C in zone 9, the side feeding port is opened in zone 8, and the speed of the screw is 360r / min.

[0024] In this embodiment, the preparation method of nano flower-like calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare a CaCl2 solution with anhydrous calcium chloride and deionized water at a concentration of 18 mmol / L; S2. Prepare a KHCO3 solution with potassium bicarbonate and deionized water at a concentration of 36mmol / L; S3. Prepare a MgCl2 solution having a concentration of 9 mmol / L using magnesium chloride and deionized water; S4. Mix CaCl2 solution, KHCO3 solution and MgCl2 solution in equal volumes to obtain a mixed solution, add the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor, and perform hydrothermal reaction at 100°C for 3 hours; after the reaction is completed, filter and take the precipitate, wash it with ethanol and deionized water for 3 times respectively, and then put it into an oven to dry at 50°C for 16 hours to obtain nano flower-like calcium carbonate CaCO3.

[0025] Example 2 This embodiment proposes a high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material, and its preparation method includes the following steps: by weight, take 87 parts of polypropylene PP S2040, 12 parts of nano flower-like calcium carbonate, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 1010, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 168, 0.1 parts of antioxidant DSTDP, and 0.5 parts of calcium stearate, mix them evenly, add them into a twin-screw extruder through the main feeding port, and obtain a polypropylene composite material through mixing, extrusion, drawing, and pelletizing. Among them, the process temperature of the twin-screw extruder from the material port to the die is: 190°C in zone 1, 190°C in zone 2, 190°C in zone 3, 200°C in zone 4, 200°C in zone 5, 210°C in zone 6, 210°C in zone 7, 220°C in zone 8, and 210°C in zone 9, the side feeding port is opened in zone 8, and the speed of the screw is 400r / min.

[0026] In this embodiment, the preparation method of nano flower-like calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare a CaCl2 solution with anhydrous calcium chloride and deionized water at a concentration of 18 mmol / L; S2. Prepare a KHCO3 solution with a concentration of 34 mmol / L using potassium bicarbonate and deionized water; S3. Prepare a MgCl2 solution having a concentration of 8 mmol / L using magnesium chloride and deionized water; S4. Mix CaCl2 solution, KHCO3 solution and MgCl2 solution in equal volumes to obtain a mixed solution, add the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor, and perform hydrothermal reaction at 110°C for 4 hours; after the reaction is completed, filter and take out the precipitate, wash it twice with ethanol and deionized water respectively, and then put it into an oven to dry at 50°C for 20 hours to obtain nano flower-like calcium carbonate CaCO3.

[0027] Example 3 This embodiment proposes a high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material, and its preparation method includes the following steps: by weight, take 91.2 parts of polypropylene PP S2040, 8 parts of nano flower-like calcium carbonate, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 1010, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 168, and 0.4 parts of zinc stearate, mix them evenly, add them into a twin-screw extruder through the main feeding port, and obtain a polypropylene composite material through mixing, extrusion, drawing, and pelletizing. Among them, the process temperature of the twin-screw extruder from the material port to the die is: 210°C in zone 1, 220°C in zone 2, 220°C in zone 3, 220°C in zone 4, 230°C in zone 5, 230°C in zone 6, 230°C in zone 7, 220°C in zone 8, and 210°C in zone 9. The side feeding port is opened in zone 8, and the speed of the screw is 450r / min.

[0028] In this embodiment, the preparation method of nano flower-like calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare a CaCl2 solution with anhydrous calcium chloride and deionized water at a concentration of 16 mmol / L; S2. Prepare a 35mmol / L KHCO3 solution using potassium bicarbonate and deionized water; S3. Prepare a 10mmol / L MgCl2 solution using magnesium chloride and deionized water; S4. Mix CaCl2 solution, KHCO3 solution and MgCl2 solution in equal volumes to obtain a mixed solution, add the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor, and perform hydrothermal reaction at 90°C for 4 hours; after the reaction is completed, filter and take the precipitate, wash it with ethanol and deionized water for 3 times respectively, and then put it into an oven to dry at 55°C for 18 hours to obtain nano flower-like calcium carbonate CaCO3.

[0029] Example 4 This embodiment proposes a high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material, and its preparation method includes the following steps: by weight, take 94.3 parts of polypropylene PP F800E, 5 parts of nano flower-like calcium carbonate, 0.1 parts of antioxidant 1010, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 168, and 0.4 parts of calcium stearate, mix them evenly, add them into a twin-screw extruder through the main feeding port, and obtain a polypropylene composite material through mixing, extrusion, drawing, and pelletizing. Among them, the process temperature of the twin-screw extruder from the material port to the die is: 180°C in zone 1, 180°C in zone 2, 180°C in zone 3, 200°C in zone 4, 200°C in zone 5, 190°C in zone 6, 180°C in zone 7, 180°C in zone 8, and 180°C in zone 9. The side feeding port is opened in zone 8, and the speed of the screw is 300r / min.

[0030] In this embodiment, the preparation method of nano flower-like calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare a CaCl2 solution with anhydrous calcium chloride and deionized water at a concentration of 16 mmol / L; S2. Prepare a KHCO3 solution with potassium bicarbonate and deionized water at a concentration of 32mmol / L; S3. Prepare a MgCl2 solution having a concentration of 8 mmol / L using magnesium chloride and deionized water; S4. Mix CaCl2 solution, KHCO3 solution and MgCl2 solution in equal volumes to obtain a mixed solution, add the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor, and perform hydrothermal reaction at 80°C for 2 hours; after the reaction is completed, filter and take out the precipitate, wash it twice with ethanol and deionized water respectively, and then put it into an oven to dry at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain nano flower-like calcium carbonate CaCO3.

[0031] Example 5 This embodiment proposes a high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material, and its preparation method includes the following steps: by weight, take 83.8 parts of polypropylene PP F800E, 15 parts of nano flower-like calcium carbonate, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 1010, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 168, 0.2 parts of antioxidant DSTDP, and 0.6 parts of dispersant E525, mix them evenly, add them into a twin-screw extruder through the main feeding port, and obtain a polypropylene composite material through mixing, extrusion, drawing, and pelletizing. Among them, the process temperature of the twin-screw extruder from the material port to the die is: 210°C in zone 1, 210°C in zone 2, 220°C in zone 3, 220°C in zone 4, 230°C in zone 5, 230°C in zone 6, 220°C in zone 7, 220°C in zone 8, and 210°C in zone 9. The side feeding port is opened in zone 8, and the speed of the screw is 600r / min.

[0032] In this embodiment, the preparation method of nano flower-like calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare a 20 mmol / L CaCl2 solution using anhydrous calcium chloride and deionized water; S2. Prepare a KHCO3 solution with potassium bicarbonate and deionized water at a concentration of 40mmol / L; S3. Prepare a 10mmol / L MgCl2 solution using magnesium chloride and deionized water; S4. Mix CaCl2 solution, KHCO3 solution and MgCl2 solution in equal volumes to obtain a mixed solution, add the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor, and perform hydrothermal reaction at 120°C for 5 hours; after the reaction is completed, filter and take the precipitate, wash it with ethanol and deionized water for 3 times respectively, and then put it into an oven to dry at 60°C for 24 hours to obtain nano flower-like calcium carbonate CaCO3.

[0033] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example proposes a polypropylene material, and its preparation method comprises the following steps: taking 99.1 parts of polypropylene PP F800E, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 1010, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 168, and 0.5 parts of dispersant E525 by weight, mixing them evenly, adding them into a twin-screw extruder through a main feeding port, and obtaining a polypropylene composite material through mixing, extrusion, drawing, and pelletizing. Wherein, the process temperature of the twin-screw extruder from the feed port to the die is respectively: 200°C in zone 1, 200°C in zone 2, 200°C in zone 3, 210°C in zone 4, 210°C in zone 5, 210°C in zone 6, 210°C in zone 7, 220°C in zone 8, and 210°C in zone 9, the side feeding port is opened in zone 8, and the speed of the screw is 360r / min.

[0034] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example proposes a polypropylene material, and its preparation method comprises the following steps: taking 89.1 parts of polypropylene PP F800E, 10 parts of talcum powder AH51105, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 1010, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 168, and 0.5 parts of dispersant E525 by weight, mixing them evenly, adding them into a twin-screw extruder through a main feeding port, and obtaining a polypropylene composite material through mixing, extrusion, drawing, and pelletizing. Wherein, the process temperature of the twin-screw extruder from the material port to the die is respectively: 200°C in zone 1, 200°C in zone 2, 200°C in zone 3, 210°C in zone 4, 210°C in zone 5, 210°C in zone 6, 210°C in zone 7, 220°C in zone 8, and 210°C in zone 9, the side feeding port is opened in zone 8, and the speed of the screw is 360r / min.

[0035] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example proposes a polypropylene material, and its preparation method comprises the following steps: taking 89.1 parts of polypropylene PP F800E, 10 parts of calcium carbonate HST8206, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 1010, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 168, and 0.5 parts of dispersant E525 by weight, mixing them evenly, adding them into a twin-screw extruder through a main feed port, and obtaining a polypropylene composite material through mixing, extrusion, drawing, and pelletizing. Wherein, the process temperature of the twin-screw extruder from the feed port to the die is respectively: 200°C in zone 1, 200°C in zone 2, 200°C in zone 3, 210°C in zone 4, 210°C in zone 5, 210°C in zone 6, 210°C in zone 7, 220°C in zone 8, and 210°C in zone 9, the side feed port is opened in zone 8, and the speed of the screw is 360r / min.

[0036] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example proposes a high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material, and its preparation method comprises the following steps: by weight, 89.1 parts of polypropylene PP F800E, 10 parts of nano calcium carbonate, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 1010, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 168, and 0.5 parts of dispersant E525 are mixed evenly, added to a twin-screw extruder through a main feed port, and subjected to mixing, extrusion, stranding, and pelletizing to obtain a polypropylene composite material. Wherein, the process temperature of the twin-screw extruder from the feed port to the die is respectively: 200°C in zone 1, 200°C in zone 2, 200°C in zone 3, 210°C in zone 4, 210°C in zone 5, 210°C in zone 6, 210°C in zone 7, 220°C in zone 8, and 210°C in zone 9, the side feed port is opened in zone 8, and the speed of the screw is 360r / min.

[0037] In this comparative example, the preparation method of nano calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare a CaCl2 solution with anhydrous calcium chloride and deionized water at a concentration of 18 mmol / L; S2. Prepare a KHCO3 solution with potassium bicarbonate and deionized water at a concentration of 36mmol / L; S3. Mix CaCl2 solution and KHCO3 solution in equal volumes to obtain a mixed solution, add the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor, and perform hydrothermal reaction at 100°C for 3 hours; after the reaction is completed, filter and take the precipitate, wash it with ethanol and deionized water for 3 times respectively, and then put it into an oven to dry at 50°C for 16 hours to obtain nano calcium carbonate CaCO3.

[0038] Test Case The polypropylene materials prepared in the above Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were dried in an oven at 80°C for 2 hours, injection molded into color plates of 100mm*100mm*2.5mm at 200°C, conditioned at 23°C and 50%RH for 48 hours, and then tested for transparency and haze on a haze / transmittance tester according to ASTM D1003-13. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0039] Table 1 Transparency and haze test results

[0040] It can be seen from the results in Table 1 that the polypropylene materials prepared in Examples 1-5 of the present invention have high transparency and high haze, and are suitable for use in fields such as lighting fixture housings.

[0041] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0042] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A high-transparency and high-fog polypropylene material, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 83.8-94.3 parts of polypropylene, 5-15 parts of nano flower-like calcium carbonate, 0.3-0.6 parts of antioxidant and 0.4-0.6 parts of dispersant.

2. The high-transparency and high-fog polypropylene material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polypropylene is homopolymer polypropylene or random copolymer polypropylene.

3. The high-transparency and high-fog polypropylene material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the nano flower-like calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare a CaCl2 solution with anhydrous calcium chloride and deionized water at a concentration of 16-20mmol / L; S2. Prepare a KHCO3 solution with potassium bicarbonate and deionized water at a concentration of 32-40mmol / L; S3. Prepare a MgCl2 solution having a concentration of 8-10mmol / L using magnesium chloride and deionized water; S4. The CaCl2 solution, the KHCO3 solution, and the MgCl2 solution are mixed to obtain a mixed solution, and the mixed solution is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction; after the reaction is completed, the solution is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain nano-flower-like calcium carbonate.

4. The high-transparency and high-fog polypropylene material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the CaCl2 solution, the KHCO3 solution, and the MgCl2 solution are mixed in equal volumes.

5. The high-transparency and high-fog polypropylene material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 80-120° C. and the time is 2-5 hours.

6. The high-transparency and high-fog polypropylene material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the washing is performed by using ethanol and deionized water for several times respectively, and the drying is performed at a temperature of 40-60° C. for 12-24 hours.

7. The high-transparency and high-fog polypropylene material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant is at least one of a hindered phenol antioxidant, a phosphite antioxidant, and a thioester antioxidant.

8. The high-transparency and high-fog polypropylene material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersant is one of calcium stearate, zinc stearate and macromolecular silicone dispersants.

9. A method for preparing a high-transparency and high-fog polypropylene material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Polypropylene, nano-flower-like calcium carbonate, antioxidant and dispersant are mixed evenly in proportion, added into a twin-screw extruder through a main feeding port, and subjected to mixing, extrusion, strip drawing and pelletizing to obtain a high-transparency and high-fog polypropylene material.

10. The method for preparing a high-transmittance and high-fog polypropylene material according to claim 9, characterized in that: The temperature of each zone of the twin-screw extruder is 180-230° C., and the screw speed is 300-600 r / min.

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