Engines and vehicles

Abstract

The application discloses an engine and a vehicle. The engine is provided with a total water inlet, comprising: a cylinder head upper layer water jacket for cooling liquid to flow to cool the upper region of the cylinder head, the cylinder head upper layer water jacket is provided with a first water inlet; a cylinder head lower layer water jacket for cooling liquid to flow to cool the lower region of the cylinder head, the cylinder head lower layer water jacket is provided with a second water inlet; a cylinder block water jacket for cooling liquid to flow to cool the cylinder block, the cylinder block water jacket is provided with a third water inlet; the first water inlet, the second water inlet and the third water inlet are respectively communicated with the total water inlet. The engine provided by the application has good water jacket cooling effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of liquid cooling technology, and more specifically, to an engine and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The water jackets of the cylinder block and cylinder head in existing engines are usually connected in series, and the upper and lower water jackets of the cylinder head are also connected, which makes it impossible to achieve independent control of the water jackets of each module of the engine, which is not conducive to the fine control of the thermal management system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One objective of this application is to provide a new technological solution for engines and vehicles.

[0004] According to a first aspect of this application, an engine is provided, which is provided with a main water inlet, including:

[0005] The upper water jacket of the cylinder head is provided with a first water inlet for the flow of coolant to cool the upper area of ​​the cylinder head.

[0006] A lower water jacket for the cylinder head, supplying coolant to cool the lower region of the cylinder head, is provided with a second inlet; and

[0007] A cylinder water jacket is provided for the flow of coolant to cool the cylinder, and the cylinder water jacket is provided with a third water inlet.

[0008] The first water inlet, the second water inlet, and the third water inlet are respectively connected to the main water inlet.

[0009] Optionally, the first and second water inlets can divert coolant flowing into the main water inlet to the upper and lower water jackets of the cylinder head; and / or,

[0010] The third inlet and the first inlet enable the coolant flowing from the main inlet to the upper cylinder head water jacket to be diverted to the cylinder block water jacket and the upper cylinder head water jacket.

[0011] Optionally, the upper water jacket of the cylinder head is further provided with a first water outlet, the lower water jacket of the cylinder head is further provided with a second water outlet, and the cylinder body water jacket is further provided with a third water outlet;

[0012] The first water inlet, the second water inlet, the third water inlet, the first water outlet, the second water outlet, the third water outlet, and the main water inlet are all located at the rear end of the engine.

[0013] Optionally, the upper water jacket of the cylinder head is further provided with a first flow channel connecting the first water inlet and the first water outlet;

[0014] The lower water jacket of the cylinder head is also provided with a second flow channel connecting the second water inlet and the second water outlet;

[0015] The cylinder water jacket is also provided with a third flow channel connecting the third inlet and the third outlet;

[0016] The first flow channel, the second flow channel, and the third flow channel can respectively allow coolant to surround and cool the upper water jacket of the cylinder head, the lower water jacket of the cylinder head, and the water jacket of the cylinder block.

[0017] Optionally, the first water inlet, the second water inlet, and the third water inlet are all located on the exhaust side of the engine, and the first water outlet, the second water outlet, and the third water outlet are all located on the intake side of the engine.

[0018] Optionally, it also includes a cylinder block water jacket outlet sleeve, which is located at the rear end of the engine cylinder head, and the third outlet is connected to the cylinder block water jacket outlet sleeve.

[0019] Optionally, the cylinder block has a plurality of cylinder bores arranged sequentially along the front-rear direction of the engine, and the cylinder block water jacket includes an exhaust-side water jacket and an intake-side water jacket, wherein the exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket are respectively located on the exhaust side and the intake side of the plurality of cylinder bores.

[0020] The cylinder water jacket also includes multiple inter-cylinder flow channels connecting the exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket, with the multiple inter-cylinder flow channels located between each cylinder bore.

[0021] Optionally, the inter-cylinder flow channel has a V-shaped structure, the distance from the top of the V-shaped structure to the top surface of the cylinder block is 1.5mm to 3mm, and the ratio of the distance from its bottom to the top surface of the cylinder block to the engine stroke is 1 / 6 to 1 / 5.

[0022] Optionally, the cylinder water jacket further includes a connecting channel located at the front end of the engine. The connecting channel gradually narrows and then widens from the exhaust side to the intake side, and the minimum distance from the bottom of the connecting channel to the top surface of the cylinder water jacket is 1 / 6 to 1 / 5 of the engine stroke.

[0023] Optionally, the exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket are separated from each other at the rear end of the engine, and the ratio of the separation distance to the cylinder bore diameter is 0.1 to 0.4.

[0024] Optionally, the exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket gradually move closer together from the bottom to the top at the partition position.

[0025] According to a second aspect of this application, a vehicle is provided, including the engine described in the first aspect.

[0026] According to one embodiment of this application, by designing the upper cylinder head water jacket, the lower cylinder head water jacket, and the cylinder block water jacket independently, the flow resistance in each water jacket can be adjusted by changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the water inlet of each water jacket. This not only achieves refined control of the thermal management system, but also shortens the design iteration time of engine components and the product development cycle.

[0027] Other features and advantages of this application will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present application and, together with their description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water jacket for an engine provided in this application.

[0030] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram provided shows the internal liquid flow direction of the engine's water jacket.

[0031] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The rear view of the engine's water jacket is provided in the image.

[0032] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The image shows the front view of the engine's water jacket.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder water jacket provided in this application.

[0034] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 The top view of the cylinder water jacket provided in the image.

[0035] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 The rear view of the cylinder water jacket provided in the image.

[0036] Figure 8 yes Figure 5 The cross-sectional view of the inter-cylinder flow channel of the cylinder water jacket provided in the image.

[0037] Figure 9 yes Figure 5 The front view of the cylinder water jacket provided in the image.

[0038] Figure 10 This is an assembly diagram of the upper and lower water jackets of the cylinder block provided in this application.

[0039] Figure 11 yes Figure 10Top view.

[0040] Figure 12 yes Figure 10 Side sectional view.

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper water jacket of a cylinder provided in this application.

[0042] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 The top view of the upper water jacket of the cylinder provided in the image.

[0043] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lower water jacket of a cylinder provided in this application.

[0044] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 A top view of the lower water jacket of the cylinder block.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0046] 10. Main water inlet; 1. Cylinder block water jacket; 11. Inter-cylinder flow channel; 12. Isolation position; 13. Connecting channel; 41. Third water inlet; 42. Third water outlet; 14. Third flow channel; 2. Upper cylinder head water jacket; 21. First water inlet; 22. First water outlet; 25. First body; 26. Second body; 27. Exhaust valve guide; 28. Flow channel; 29. ​​Water outlet pipe; 3. Lower cylinder head water jacket; 31. Second water inlet; 32. Second water outlet; 33. Exhaust side water jacket; 34. Intake side water jacket; 35. Combustion chamber water jacket; 351. Cooling section; 352. Connecting section; 36. Flow obstruction structure; 4. Exhaust passage; 5. Cylinder block water jacket outlet jacket; 6. Injector; 7. Integrated exhaust manifold; 8. Intake valve guide; 9. Spark plug. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application.

[0048] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the scope of this application and its application or use.

[0049] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0050] In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0051] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0052] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, according to a first aspect of this application, an engine is provided, having a main water inlet 10, comprising: an upper cylinder head water jacket 2 for coolant flow to cool the upper region of the cylinder head, the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 having a first water inlet 21; a lower cylinder head water jacket 3 for coolant flow to cool the lower region of the cylinder head, the lower cylinder head water jacket 3 having a second water inlet 31; and a cylinder block water jacket 1 for coolant flow to cool the cylinder block, the cylinder block water jacket 1 having a third water inlet 41; the first water inlet 21, the second water inlet 31 and the third water inlet 41 are respectively connected to the main water inlet 10.

[0053] Specifically, in practical applications, the engine has an upper cylinder head water jacket 2, a lower cylinder head water jacket 3, and a cylinder block water jacket 1, which enables water cooling of the upper and lower sides of the cylinder head and the cylinder block to ensure engine performance.

[0054] In this embodiment, the first water inlet 21, the second water inlet 31 and the third water inlet 41 are respectively connected to the main water inlet 10, so that the upper cylinder head water jacket 2, the lower cylinder head water jacket 3 and the cylinder block water jacket 1 can be set independently, and the coolant in each water jacket can flow independently, so as to achieve independent cooling of the upper cylinder head area, the lower cylinder head area and the cylinder block of the engine.

[0055] Furthermore, the inlets of each water jacket are connected to the main inlet 10, allowing for adjustments to the flow resistance within each water jacket by changing the cross-section of each inlet when applied to different engines. This ultimately achieves the optimal coolant flow rate for the upper cylinder head water jacket 2, lower cylinder head water jacket 3, and cylinder block water jacket 1, enabling refined control of engine thermal management and independent control of each module's water jacket. Additionally, by adjusting the cross-sectional area of ​​each inlet, there is no need to redesign the specific structure of the water jackets, shortening the time for component design iterations and the development cycle of new products. Optionally, the first inlet 21 and the second inlet 31 can divert coolant flowing into the main inlet 10 to the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 and the lower cylinder head water jacket 3; and / or, the third inlet 41 and the first inlet 21 can divert coolant flowing towards the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 to the cylinder block water jacket 1 and the upper cylinder head water jacket 2.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first inlet 21 and the second inlet 31 are directly connected to the main inlet 10, so that the coolant flowing into the engine main inlet 10 can be diverted to the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 and the lower cylinder head water jacket 3. The third inlet 41 is connected to the main inlet 10 through the first inlet 21, that is, the third inlet 41 is directly connected to the first inlet 21, so that the coolant flowing into the main inlet 10 is diverted, and the coolant flowing to the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 is then diverted to the cylinder block water jacket 1 and the upper cylinder head water jacket 2.

[0057] Through the above-mentioned connection method, the coolant flowing from the engine main water inlet 10 to the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 can be divided into two paths: one path enters the upper cylinder head water jacket 2, and the other path enters the cylinder block water jacket 1. This makes the sum of the coolant flow rates in the cylinder block water jacket 1 and the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 approximately equal to the coolant flow rate in the lower cylinder head water jacket 3. In addition, the coolant flowing to the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 is further diverted to the cylinder block water jacket 1, making it easier to control the flow rate in each water jacket.

[0058] Optionally, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 is also provided with a first water outlet 22; the lower cylinder head water jacket 3 is also provided with a second water outlet 32; the cylinder block water jacket 1 is also provided with a third water outlet 42; the first water inlet 21, the second water inlet 31, the third water inlet 41, the first water outlet 22, the second water outlet 32, the third water outlet 42 and the total water inlet 10 are all located at the rear end of the engine.

[0059] Specifically, in this embodiment, all water inlets and outlets are located at the rear end of the engine, which facilitates a high degree of engine integration. Furthermore, the exhaust side of the engine typically experiences a higher heat load. Positioning the water inlets at the rear end allows coolant to flow from the exhaust side to the intake side, achieving the goal of cooling the exhaust side first and then the intake side, thus improving the cooling effect of each water jacket. Here, the rear end of the engine typically refers to the rear end of the crankshaft, i.e., the end connected to the flywheel on the crankshaft, while the front end of the engine is the end opposite to the rear end. The exhaust side of the engine refers to the side of the engine located at the exhaust port, and the intake side of the engine refers to the side of the engine located at the intake port, i.e., the side opposite to the exhaust side.

[0060] In one embodiment, a cylinder gasket can be provided on the third inlet 41 and the third outlet 42 of the cylinder water jacket 1, and a cylinder gasket water hole connecting the third inlet 41 and the third outlet 42 is provided on the cylinder gasket, which realizes flow diversion and improves the sealing performance of the cylinder water jacket 1.

[0061] Optionally, such as Figure 2As shown, the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 is further provided with a first flow channel connecting the first inlet 21 and the first outlet 22; the lower cylinder head water jacket 3 is further provided with a second flow channel connecting the second inlet 31 and the second outlet 32; the cylinder block water jacket 1 is further provided with a third flow channel 14 connecting the third inlet 41 and the third outlet 42; the first flow channel, the second flow channel and the third flow channel 14 can respectively allow the coolant to surround and cool the upper cylinder head water jacket 2, the lower cylinder head water jacket 3 and the cylinder block water jacket 1.

[0062] Specifically, in this embodiment, the flow channels within each water jacket are connected to the corresponding inlet and outlet, allowing the coolant within to circulate and cool each water jacket. This ensures that each flow channel can adequately cool all parts of the engine without turbulence. Furthermore, since each inlet and outlet is located at the rear end of the engine, when the coolant circulates and cools each water jacket, the coolant flows from the exhaust side to the intake side, resulting in more effective cooling of the exhaust side.

[0063] Optionally, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the first water inlet 21, the second water inlet 31 and the third water inlet 41 are all located on the exhaust side of the engine, and the first water outlet 22, the second water outlet 32 ​​and the third water outlet 42 are all located on the intake side of the engine.

[0064] Specifically, since the heat load on the exhaust side of the engine is usually high, in this embodiment, the first water inlet 21, the second water inlet 31 and the third water inlet 41 are set on the exhaust side of the engine, and the first water outlet 22, the second water outlet 32 ​​and the third water outlet 42 are set on the intake side of the engine, so that the cooling medium can flow from the exhaust side of the engine to the intake side, achieving the purpose of cooling the exhaust side first and then cooling the intake side, thereby improving the cooling effect of each water jacket.

[0065] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, it also includes a cylinder water jacket outlet sleeve 5, which is located at the rear end of the engine cylinder head and close to the first outlet 22 and the second outlet 32. The third outlet 42 is connected to the cylinder water jacket outlet sleeve 5.

[0066] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cylinder water jacket outlet 5 is used to lead the third outlet 42 of the cylinder water jacket 1 to the rear end of the engine, so that it can be integrated with the first outlet 22 and the second outlet 32 ​​at the same position, further improving the integration of the engine.

[0067] Optionally, such as Figures 5 to 9As shown, the cylinder water jacket 1 includes an exhaust-side water jacket and an intake-side water jacket, which are located on the exhaust side and intake side of the plurality of cylinder bores, respectively; the cylinder water jacket 1 also includes a plurality of inter-cylinder flow channels 11 connecting the exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket, which are located between the cylinder bores of the cylinder body.

[0068] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cylinder block water jacket 1 has an exhaust side water jacket and an intake side water jacket, which are interconnected at the cylinder-to-cylinder position through an inter-cylinder flow channel 11. This allows the coolant to flow from the exhaust side water jacket to the intake side water jacket to cool the outer side of each cylinder block, while also cooling the area between each cylinder block, thus improving the cooling effect of the cylinder block water jacket 1 on the engine cylinder block.

[0069] Optionally, such as Figure 8 As shown, the inter-cylinder flow passage 11 has a V-shaped structure. The distance from the top of the V-shaped structure to the top surface of the cylinder block is 1.5mm to 3mm, and the ratio of the distance from its bottom to the top surface of the cylinder block to the engine stroke is 1 / 6 to 1 / 5.

[0070] Specifically, the inter-cylinder flow channel 11 is configured with a V-shaped structure, which allows it to cool the upper part of the nose bridge area between two adjacent cylinders, preventing excessive temperature in the nose bridge area from causing cylinder knocking or cracking. The upper part of the nose bridge area typically refers to the piston's stroke within the cylinder bore.

[0071] Furthermore, the position of the V-shaped inter-cylinder flow channel 11 can be determined by the distance from its top to the top surface of the cylinder block and the distance from its bottom to the top surface of the cylinder block. The two ends of the V-shaped structure can have the same or different heights. The top refers to the highest point of the cylinder block flow channel. If the distance L2 from its top to the top surface of the cylinder block is too large, it will result in insufficient cooling of the upper part of the nose bridge area; if it is too small, it will result in weak rigidity of the top surface of the cylinder block, affecting the sealing of the top surface. If the distance L1 from the bottom of the V-shaped structure to the top surface of the cylinder block is too large or too small, it will affect the cooling effect of the inter-cylinder flow channel 11 on the nose bridge area. Furthermore, if L1 is too large, it will also result in a large machining stroke for the V-shaped structure, leading to machining difficulties.

[0072] This application sets the distance L2 from the top of the V-shaped structure to the top surface of the cylinder block to 1.5mm to 3mm, for example, 2mm, and sets the distance L1 from its bottom to the top surface of the cylinder block to a ratio of 1 / 6 to 1 / 5 of the engine stroke. This ensures that the cooling area of ​​the inter-cylinder flow channel 11 can effectively cool the piston's stroke range, thus improving the cooling effect. Here, the engine stroke refers to the distance the engine piston travels from top dead center to bottom dead center.

[0073] Optionally, the cylinder water jacket 1 further includes a connecting channel 13 located at the front end of the engine. The connecting channel 13 gradually narrows and then widens from the exhaust side to the intake side, and the minimum distance from the bottom of the connecting channel 13 to the top surface of the cylinder water jacket 1 is 1 / 6 to 1 / 5 of the engine stroke.

[0074] like Figure 9 As shown, in one embodiment, the exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket are interconnected at the front end of the engine to form a connecting channel 13. The connecting channel 13 gradually narrows and then widens from the exhaust side to the intake side, forming a first included angle α6. The minimum distance from the bottom of the connecting channel 13 to the top surface of the cylinder water jacket 1 is 1 / 6 to 1 / 5 of the engine stroke. That is, the distance L5 from the top of the first included angle α6 to the top surface of the cylinder water jacket 1 is 1 / 6 to 1 / 5 of the engine stroke.

[0075] In the above structure, the exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket are interconnected at the front end of the engine, so that the coolant can flow into the exhaust-side water jacket from the third inlet 41 and then flow back to the intake-side water jacket from the connecting channel at the front end of the engine. The connecting channel forms a first included angle α6 at the reduced position, which can increase the pressure difference between the exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket, increase the medium flow velocity between the cylinders, thereby increasing the heat exchange of the coolant between the cylinders and improving the cooling effect.

[0076] Furthermore, the distance L5 from the top of the first included angle α6 to the top surface of the cylinder water jacket 1 affects the flow height of the coolant inside the cylinder water jacket 1. Because the upper part of the engine cylinder has a high heat load, if the flow height at the front end of the cylinder water jacket 1 is too small, it will affect the cooling effect of the upper part of the cylinder. If it is too large, it will result in a small pressure difference between the exhaust side water jacket and the intake side water jacket, which will slow down the flow speed of the inter-cylinder flow channel 11 and affect the heat dissipation effect between the cylinders.

[0077] In this application, the distance L5 from the top of the first included angle α6 to the top surface of the cylinder water jacket 1 is set to 1 / 6 to 1 / 5 of the engine stroke, which can take into account the cooling effect between cylinders and the upper part of the cylinder, and improve the cooling effect of the cylinder water jacket 1 for the entire cylinder.

[0078] Optionally, such as Figure 9 As shown, the first included angle α6 is 60° to 80°.

[0079] Specifically, in practical applications, an excessively large first included angle α6 will affect the cooling effect around the cylinder block, while an excessively small first included angle α6 will increase the flow resistance of the cylinder block water jacket 1. Setting the first included angle α6 to 60° to 80° can simultaneously balance the cooling effect around the cylinder block and the flow resistance of the cylinder block water jacket 1. For example, the first included angle α6 can be designed to be 70°.

[0080] Optionally, such as Figure 9As shown, the top of the first included angle α6 is arc-shaped.

[0081] Specifically, the top of the first included angle α6 is designed as an arc shape, so that the intake side water jacket and the exhaust side water jacket can be smoothly transitioned, minimizing the flow resistance in the water jacket and preventing the formation of a cooling dead zone, which would affect the cooling effect of the cylinder block water jacket 1.

[0082] Optionally, such as Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket are separated from each other at the rear end of the engine, and the ratio of the separation distance L3 to the cylinder bore diameter of the engine is 0.1 to 0.4.

[0083] Specifically, in this embodiment, the exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket are separated from each other at the rear end of the engine, which is beneficial for the water inlet and outlet of the cylinder block water jacket 1. However, if the separation distance L3 is too large, it will affect the cooling effect around the cylinder block; if it is too small, it will cause excessive pressure loss in the cylinder block water jacket 1. This application sets the ratio of the separation distance L3 to the cylinder bore diameter of the engine to be between 0.1 and 0.4, for example, 0.2. This not only improves the cooling effect around the cylinder block but also avoids excessive pressure loss in the cylinder block water jacket 1. The cylinder bore diameter refers to the diameter of the circular inner wall of the engine cylinder.

[0084] Optionally, such as Figure 7 As shown, the exhaust-side water jacket 33 and the intake-side water jacket 34 gradually approach each other from bottom to top at the partition position, and can form a second included angle α4, which is 20° to 50°.

[0085] Specifically, in practical applications, if the second included angle α4 formed by the cylinder block water jacket 1 at the rear end of the engine is too small, it will cause the water jacket to contract too violently, increasing the pressure loss of the cylinder block water jacket 1. If it is too large, it will cause the cooling area around the cylinder block to become smaller, affecting the cooling effect around the cylinder block. Setting it to 20° to 50°, such as 25°, can not only improve the cooling effect around the cylinder block, but also prevent the pressure loss of the cylinder block water jacket 1 from being too large.

[0086] Optionally, such as Figures 10 to 14 As shown, the upper water jacket 2 of the cylinder head is located on the exhaust side of the cylinder head; the upper water jacket 2 of the cylinder head includes a first body 25 and a second body 26, the first body 25 and the second body 26 are arranged side by side and extend along the front and rear direction of the cylinder head respectively, the front and rear direction being the direction from the front end of the engine to the rear end of the engine.

[0087] Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper water jacket 2 of the cylinder head is mainly used to cool the upper region of the cylinder head. It is located on the exhaust side of the cylinder head and forms a dual-channel 28 water jacket by arranging a first main body 25 and a second main body 26 extending in the front-rear direction of the cylinder head side by side. This allows the coolant to fully cool the exhaust side of the cylinder head from the front end to the rear end when the flow rate of the coolant in the water jacket is constant, thereby improving the cooling effect on the exhaust side. The first main body 25 and the second main body 26 are arranged side by side along the direction from the exhaust side to the intake side of the engine to ensure the cooling range of the cylinder head in the width direction on the exhaust side.

[0088] The rear end of an engine usually refers to the rear end of the crankshaft, which is the end of the crankshaft that connects to the flywheel. The front end of an engine is the end opposite to the rear end. The exhaust side of an engine refers to the side of the engine located at the exhaust port, and the intake side of an engine refers to the side of the engine located at the intake port, which is the side opposite to the exhaust side.

[0089] In addition, the upper water jacket 2 of the cylinder head is located on the exhaust side of the cylinder head, only relative to the intake side, and its specific location is not strictly limited. Figure 14 As shown, the side of the intake valve duct 8 closest to the exhaust valve duct 27 can be referred to as the exhaust side.

[0090] In practical applications, the first main body 25 and the second main body 26 can be interconnected or isolated from each other. When interconnected, they can be connected at the front or rear end of the cylinder head, or in the area between the front and rear ends. The specific design depends on the specific structure of the engine cylinder head and the layout of its components. Furthermore, the exhaust-side upper water jacket 2 of the cylinder head extends at least to the top of the cylinder head, allowing the coolant within the water jacket to cool the upper area of ​​the cylinder head, resulting in more thorough cooling of the exhaust side and further improving the cooling effect on the exhaust side.

[0091] Optionally, such as Figure 14 As shown, the first body 25 and the second body 26 are interconnected at the front end of the cylinder head; the first body 25 is provided with a first water inlet 21 at the rear end of the cylinder head, and the second body 26 is provided with a first water outlet 22 at the rear end of the cylinder head.

[0092] Specifically, in this embodiment, by isolating the first body 25 and the second body 26 from each other and connecting them at the front end of the cylinder head, the coolant can first flow into the first body 25 from the first inlet 21 on the first body at the rear end of the cylinder head to cool the exhaust side area covered by the first body 25, and then flow into the second body 26 through the front end, and then flow out from the first outlet 22 to cool the exhaust side area covered by the second body 26. This achieves the effect of bidirectional flow channel 28 circulating cooling of the exhaust side of the cylinder head, further improving the cooling effect.

[0093] Furthermore, in the above embodiments, the upper water jacket 2 of the cylinder head has an independent first inlet 21 and a first outlet 22, which allows for independent control of the coolant flow rate within the water jacket, distinct from other water jackets, thus achieving refined control of engine thermal management. Further, by placing the first inlet 21 and the first outlet 22 at the same end (rear end) of the cylinder head, on the one hand, it enables circulating cooling of the coolant within the upper water jacket 2 of the cylinder head, improving the cooling effect; on the other hand, it facilitates the integrated design of various components of the engine cylinder head.

[0094] In one embodiment, the position of the mutual separation between the first body 25 and the second body 26 can be designed to match the arrangement of the components on the cylinder head. For example, the separation can be made in areas with higher temperatures on the cylinder head to improve the cooling effect of the high-temperature areas.

[0095] Optionally, such as Figure 14 As shown, the engine includes a plurality of exhaust valve ducts 27 spaced apart along the longitudinal direction, and the first body 25 and the second body 26 are separated from each other at least at the locations of the plurality of exhaust valve ducts 27.

[0096] Specifically, in practical applications, the exhaust valve guide 27 is an important part of the engine. As a valve guide device, it primarily guides the movement of the valves, ensuring they can perform reciprocating linear motion and guaranteeing precise concentricity between the valve and valve seat, allowing for proper contact between the valve and valve seat ring. Additionally, the exhaust valve guide 27 also serves a heat-conducting function, transferring heat from the valve stem to the cylinder head to help reduce the valve stem temperature. Its lower part typically extends into the engine's exhaust manifold 4, and its operating temperature can usually reach around 200°C.

[0097] In this embodiment, the separation position of the first body 25 and the second body 26 is set at least at the position of the exhaust valve duct 27, so that the coolant in the first body 25 and the second body 26 can pass through multiple exhaust valve ducts 27, and each exhaust valve duct 27 can be cooled evenly and fully. Furthermore, the separation from the exhaust valve duct 27 can prevent its cooling from being affected by the cooling at the exhaust passage 4, thus avoiding turbulence.

[0098] Optionally, such as Figure 14 As shown, the engine also includes an integrated exhaust manifold 7, a spark plug 9, and a fuel injector 6; the first body 25 can extend at least above the integrated exhaust manifold 7, and the second body 26 can extend at least to the periphery of the spark plug 9 and the periphery of the fuel injector 6.

[0099] Specifically, in practical applications, the operating temperature of the integrated exhaust manifold 7 (IEM) is usually also relatively high. It is located on the outside of the multiple exhaust valve guides 27 (i.e., on the side away from the intake valve guide 8), and the first body 25 extends at least above the integrated exhaust manifold 7. That is, the projection of the first body 25 on the integrated exhaust manifold 7 can completely cover the integrated exhaust manifold 7, thereby improving the cooling effect of the integrated exhaust manifold 7.

[0100] In addition, in practical applications, the spark plug 9 and the fuel injector 6 are usually located above the cylinder block. The spark plug 9 is used to ignite the combustible mixture in the cylinder, while the fuel injector 6 is used to atomize the fuel and spray it to produce high-pressure fuel mist for combustion in the cylinder. Both of them will also cause high temperatures during operation. The second body 26 extends at least to the periphery of the spark plug 9 and the fuel injector 6, that is, at least part of the structure of the second body can surround the spark plug 9 and the fuel injector 6, so that it has a better cooling effect on the spark plug 9 and the fuel injector 6.

[0101] By arranging the first main body 25 and the second main body 26, the upper water jacket 2 of the cylinder head provides a good cooling effect for the various components with high working temperatures on the cylinder head, thereby improving the overall cooling effect on the exhaust side of the cylinder head.

[0102] Optionally, such as Figure 11 and Figure 14 As shown, the engine also includes a plurality of intake valve ducts 8 spaced apart along the front-rear direction; the second body 26 is located between the plurality of exhaust valve ducts 27 and the plurality of intake valve ducts 8, and the contours of the first body 25 of the exhaust valve duct 27, the second body 26 and the second body 26 are respectively consistent with the contours of the plurality of exhaust valve ducts 27 and the plurality of intake valve ducts 8.

[0103] Specifically, in this embodiment, the second body 26 is disposed between the exhaust valve duct 27 and the intake valve duct 8, and the contours of both sides of the second body 26 are consistent with the contours of the multiple exhaust valve ducts 27 and the multiple intake valve ducts 8, respectively. This not only improves the cooling effect on the exhaust valve ducts 27, but also ensures that the flow rate of coolant around each cylinder of the engine is consistent. The fact that the contours of both sides of the second body 26 are consistent with the contours of the multiple exhaust valve ducts 27 and the multiple intake valve ducts 8 means that the shape of the outer contour of the second body 26 can be designed to conform to the shape of the ducts on both sides, such as... Figure 11 and Figure 14 As shown.

[0104] Optionally, such as Figure 14 As shown, a plurality of flow channels 28 are spaced apart within the first main body 25. One end of each flow channel 28 is connected to the first water inlet 21, and the other end of each flow channel 28 converges and connects to the second main body 26. The plurality of flow channels 28 have the same width and are evenly arranged along the width direction of the first main body 25.

[0105] Specifically, in this embodiment, multiple flow channels 28 are provided within the first body 25 to achieve uniform cooling of the cylinder head covered by the first body 25. The uniform width and arrangement of each flow channel 28 ensures consistent coolant flow rate within each channel 28, improving the uniformity of cooling across the first body 25. In one embodiment, five flow channels 28 may be provided within the first body 25, with a width of approximately 14 mm.

[0106] Optionally, such as Figure 11 and Figure 14 As shown, the upper water jacket 2 of the cylinder head also includes a water outlet pipe 29. The second main body 26 is close to the intake side of the cylinder head. The water outlet pipe 29 is connected to the second main body 26 at the rear end of the cylinder head and forms the first water outlet 22 on the intake side.

[0107] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first outlet 22 of the upper water jacket 2 of the cylinder head is led out to the intake side of the engine through the outlet pipe 29, which does not affect the layout of other components on the cylinder head, and facilitates the integrated design of the position of the first outlet 22 with the outlets of other water jacket structures of the engine.

[0108] Optionally, such as Figures 10 to 13 As shown, the cylinder head also includes a lower cylinder head water jacket 3, an upper cylinder head water jacket 2 for coolant flow to cool the upper area of ​​the cylinder head, and a lower cylinder head water jacket 3 for coolant flow to cool the lower area of ​​the cylinder head; the lower cylinder head water jacket 3 is provided with a second inlet 31 and a second outlet 32, the second inlet 31 being close to the first inlet 21, and the second outlet 32 ​​being close to the first outlet 22.

[0109] Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper water jacket 2 and the lower water jacket 3 of the cylinder head are used to cool the upper and lower regions of the cylinder head, respectively, thereby achieving an overall cooling effect for the entire cylinder head. The second inlet 31 and the second outlet 32 ​​of the lower water jacket 3 are designed to be close to the first inlet 21 and the first outlet 22, respectively, improving the integration of the cylinder head and facilitating the water inlet and outlet design of the entire water jacket system.

[0110] Optionally, such as Figure 12 As shown, the cylinder head is also provided with an exhaust passage 4, which is located between the upper water jacket 2 and the lower water jacket 3 of the cylinder head, and the shapes of the upper water jacket 2 and the lower water jacket 3 at the location of the exhaust passage 4 are consistent with the shape of the exhaust passage 4.

[0111] Specifically, in this embodiment, the exhaust duct 4 is used to discharge exhaust gases generated during combustion inside the engine, and its heat load is typically high. The upper and lower sides of the exhaust duct 4 are cooled by the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 and the lower cylinder head water jacket 3, respectively, improving the cooling effect. Specifically, the shapes of the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 and the lower cylinder head water jacket 3 at the exhaust duct 4 are designed to be consistent with the shape of the exhaust duct 4, meaning their shapes are the same or similar. This increases the contact area between the upper cylinder head water jacket 2 and the lower cylinder head water jacket 3 and the exhaust duct 4, thus improving the cooling effect on the exhaust duct 4.

[0112] Optionally, such as Figures 10 to 16 As shown, the lower cylinder head water jacket 3 includes an exhaust-side water jacket 33, an intake-side water jacket 34, and a combustion chamber water jacket 35 for cooling the upper part of the combustion chamber; the exhaust-side water jacket 33 is provided with a first flow channel extending in the front-rear direction of the cylinder head, the intake-side water jacket 34 is provided with a second flow channel extending in the front-rear direction of the cylinder head, and the combustion chamber water jacket 35 is provided with a third flow channel, and the first flow channel is connected to the second flow channel through the third flow channel.

[0113] Specifically, in this embodiment, the lower water jacket 3 of the cylinder head is designed to have an exhaust-side water jacket 33, an intake-side water jacket 34, and a combustion chamber water jacket 35. By setting a first flow channel, a second flow channel, and a third flow channel in the exhaust-side water jacket 33, the intake-side water jacket 34, and the combustion chamber water jacket 35 respectively, the coolant can flow longitudinally in the cylinder head in the front-back direction. The first flow channel is connected to the second flow channel through the third flow channel, so that the coolant can flow laterally in the cylinder head from the exhaust side to the intake side. This combination of longitudinal and transverse flow is beneficial to the cooling of the exhaust side and the combustion chamber, reduces the temperature difference between the intake and exhaust sides and the temperature near the combustion chamber, and improves the cooling effect of the entire cylinder head.

[0114] In the above embodiments, the rear end of the cylinder head is consistent with the rear end, front end, intake side, and exhaust side of the engine. The rear end of the engine usually refers to the rear end of the crankshaft, that is, the end of the crankshaft that connects to the flywheel, while the front end of the engine is the end opposite to the rear end. The exhaust side of the engine refers to the side of the engine located at the exhaust port, and the intake side of the engine refers to the side of the engine located at the intake port, that is, the side opposite to the exhaust side.

[0115] Optionally, such as Figure 11 and Figure 16 As shown, multiple combustion chamber water jackets 35 are provided, and each of the multiple combustion chamber water jackets 35 is located above each combustion chamber in a one-to-one correspondence; multiple third flow channels are provided corresponding to the combustion chamber water jackets 35, and the first flow channel is connected to the second flow channel through multiple third flow channels.

[0116] Specifically, in this embodiment, a combustion chamber water jacket 35 is designed above each combustion chamber. The coolant in the first flow channel can be diverted to the third flow channel within each combustion chamber water jacket 35 to uniformly cool each cylinder block. The coolant in the first flow channel enters the exhaust-side water jacket 33 through the second inlet 31, first cooling the higher-temperature exhaust side, and then cooling each combustion chamber through the third flow channel, thus improving the cooling effect of the lower cylinder head water jacket 3 on the combustion chamber temperature.

[0117] Optionally, such as Figure 16 As shown, the shapes of the multiple combustion chamber water jackets 35 are respectively consistent with the shapes of the cylinder ports of the cylinder block.

[0118] Specifically, in this embodiment, the shape of the water jacket 35 of each combustion chamber is designed to be consistent with the shape of each cylinder port of the cylinder block, so that it can fully cool the upper part of each combustion chamber and improve the cooling effect on the combustion chamber temperature.

[0119] Optionally, such as Figure 16 As shown, the third flow channel includes two cooling sections 351 arranged side by side and a connecting section 352 that merges the two cooling sections 351; the coolant in the first flow channel can be diverted to each of the cooling sections 351 and merged into the second flow channel through the corresponding connecting section 352.

[0120] Specifically, in this embodiment, two cooling sections 351 are arranged side by side along the front-rear direction of the cylinder head, so that the two cooling sections 351 are located on both sides above a cylinder head, thus achieving sufficient cooling of the upper part of the combustion chamber. A connecting section 352 connects the two cooling sections 351, allowing coolant in the combustion chamber water jacket 35 to flow into the intake side water jacket 34, and then outwards, enabling the entire lower cylinder head water jacket 3 to achieve cross-flow cooling.

[0121] In practical applications, by designing different widths of the connecting sections 352, the flow rate within each cooling section 351 can be limited, ensuring that the flow rate within each cooling section 351 is approximately the same, thereby improving the uniformity of cooling for each combustion chamber.

[0122] Optionally, such as Figure 16 As shown, a plurality of flow-blocking structures 36 are provided on the exhaust-side water jacket 33, and the flow-blocking structures 36 enable the flow rate of coolant flowing into each of the third channels from the first channel to be the same.

[0123] Specifically, in this embodiment, after the coolant in the first flow channel enters from the rear end of the cylinder head, it needs to be evenly distributed into each of the third flow channels. By setting a flow-blocking structure 36 in the first flow channel, the flow direction of the coolant in the first flow channel can be obstructed. Through the rational setting of the position and structural shape of the flow-blocking structure 36, the flow rate in each of the third flow channels can be made the same, thereby achieving uniform distribution of coolant in each of the third flow channels. The flow-blocking structure 36 can be designed as multiple hollow structures located on the exhaust-side water jacket 33, which not only achieves the purpose of uniform distribution but also simplifies and lightens the structure of the cylinder head. Furthermore, in actual design, the specific shape and position of the flow-blocking structure 36 can be determined through simulation; this invention does not impose any limitations on this.

[0124] Optionally, such as Figure 16 As shown, the engine also includes an integrated exhaust manifold 7, and the exhaust-side water jacket 33 extends at least below the integrated exhaust manifold 7.

[0125] Specifically, in practical applications, the operating temperature of the integrated exhaust manifold (IEM) is usually high. Extending the exhaust-side water jacket 33 to the bottom of the integrated exhaust manifold 7 improves the cooling effect on the integrated exhaust manifold 7.

[0126] Optionally, the exhaust-side water jacket 33 is further provided with a second water inlet 31, and the intake-side water jacket 34 is further provided with a second water outlet 32. Both the second water inlet 31 and the second water outlet 32 ​​are located at the rear end of the cylinder head.

[0127] Specifically, the second inlet 31 and the second outlet 32 ​​are both located at the rear end of the cylinder head. On the one hand, this can improve the integration of the cylinder head structure, and on the other hand, it is conducive to the formation of the longitudinal flow pattern of the internal coolant along the front and rear direction of the cylinder head, reducing the cooling dead zone and improving the cooling uniformity and cooling effect of the cylinder head.

[0128] According to a second aspect of this application, a vehicle is provided, including the engine described in the first aspect.

[0129] Specifically, the vehicle provided in this application uses the engine provided in the first aspect as a power source. Since the water jackets of each part of the engine can be controlled independently, the refined control effect of the vehicle's thermal management system is improved, which is conducive to improving the overall vehicle performance.

[0130] The above embodiments mainly describe the differences between the various embodiments. As long as the different optimization features between the various embodiments are not contradictory, they can be combined to form a better embodiment. For the sake of brevity, they will not be elaborated here.

[0131] While specific embodiments of this application have been described in detail by way of examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. The scope of this application is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An engine having a main water inlet (10), characterized in that, include: The upper water jacket (2) of the cylinder head is provided with a first water inlet (21) for the flow of coolant to cool the upper area of ​​the cylinder head. A lower cylinder head water jacket (3) provides coolant flow to cool the lower area of ​​the cylinder head, and the lower cylinder head water jacket (3) is provided with a second inlet (31); and A cylinder water jacket (1) is provided for the flow of coolant to cool the cylinder. The cylinder water jacket (1) is provided with a third water inlet (41). The first water inlet (21) and the second water inlet (31) are directly connected to the main water inlet (10), so that the coolant flowing into the main water inlet (10) is diverted to the upper water jacket (2) of the cylinder head and the lower water jacket (3) of the cylinder head. The third inlet (41) is directly connected to the first inlet (21), so that the coolant flowing from the main inlet (10) to the upper cylinder head water jacket (2) can be diverted to the cylinder block water jacket (1) and the upper cylinder head water jacket (2), so that the sum of the coolant flow rates in the cylinder block water jacket (1) and the upper cylinder head water jacket (2) is equal to the coolant flow rate in the lower cylinder head water jacket (3).

2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper water jacket (2) of the cylinder head is also provided with a first water outlet (22), the lower water jacket (3) of the cylinder head is also provided with a second water outlet (32), and the water jacket (1) of the cylinder body is also provided with a third water outlet (42). The first water inlet (21), the second water inlet (31), the third water inlet (41), the first water outlet (22), the second water outlet (32), the third water outlet (42), and the main water inlet are all located at the rear end of the engine.

3. The engine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper water jacket (2) of the cylinder head is also provided with a first flow channel connecting the first water inlet (21) and the first water outlet (22); The lower water jacket (3) of the cylinder head is also provided with a second flow channel connecting the second water inlet (31) and the second water outlet (32); The cylinder water jacket (1) is also provided with a third flow channel (14) that connects the third inlet (41) and the third outlet (42). The first flow channel, the second flow channel and the third flow channel (14) can respectively allow the coolant to surround and cool the upper cylinder head water jacket (2), the lower cylinder head water jacket (3) and the cylinder block water jacket (1).

4. The engine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first water inlet (21), the second water inlet (31) and the third water inlet (41) are all located on the exhaust side of the engine, and the first water outlet (22), the second water outlet (32) and the third water outlet (42) are all located on the intake side of the engine.

5. The engine according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a cylinder water jacket outlet sleeve (5), which is located at the rear end of the engine cylinder head, and the third outlet (42) is connected to the cylinder water jacket outlet sleeve (5).

6. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder block has a plurality of cylinder bores arranged sequentially along the front-rear direction of the engine. The cylinder block water jacket (1) includes an exhaust side water jacket and an intake side water jacket. The exhaust side water jacket and the intake side water jacket are located on the exhaust side and intake side of the plurality of cylinder bores, respectively. The cylinder water jacket (1) also includes a plurality of inter-cylinder flow channels (11) that connect the exhaust side water jacket and the intake side water jacket, and the plurality of inter-cylinder flow channels (11) are located between each cylinder bore.

7. The engine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inter-cylinder flow channel (11) has a V-shaped structure. The distance from the top of the V-shaped structure to the top surface of the cylinder block is 1.5mm to 3mm, and the ratio of the distance from its bottom to the top surface of the cylinder block to the engine stroke is 1 / 6 to 1 / 5.

8. The engine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cylinder water jacket (1) also includes a connecting channel (13) located at the front end of the engine. The connecting channel (13) gradually narrows and then widens from the exhaust side to the intake side, and the minimum distance from the bottom of the connecting channel (13) to the top surface of the cylinder water jacket (1) is 1 / 6 to 1 / 5 of the engine stroke.

9. The engine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket are separated from each other at the rear end of the engine, and the ratio of the separation distance to the cylinder bore diameter is 0.1 to 0.

4.

10. The engine according to claim 9, characterized in that, The exhaust-side water jacket and the intake-side water jacket gradually move closer together from the bottom to the top at the partition position.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the engine as described in any one of claims 1-10.

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