A tunnel full-section excavation blasting method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and specifically discloses a method for excavating and blasting a full-section of a tunnel, wherein the size of the full-section of the tunnel is measured, and the full-section of the tunnel is drawn through an input device; the type of explosive to be used is input, and the blasting range of a blasting hole of a specific size is determined according to the type of explosive; the position and size of the blasting hole are determined according to the blasting range of the blasting hole of the specific size and the full-section of the tunnel; grooves are made on the full-section of the tunnel according to the position and size of the blasting hole and explosives are placed; the explosives are detonated, and then the tunnel is cleaned and repaired to obtain a new full-section of the tunnel. The present invention accurately simulates the effect after the blasting of the explosives by analyzing the position of the explosive hole and the amount of the explosives, effectively avoiding the negative effects of construction caused by excessive explosives, and ensuring smooth construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a tunnel full-section excavation blasting method. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels are a special type of engineering structure that is buried inside the ground. After being built, they can effectively solve the problem of traffic diversion. When constructing a tunnel, the terrain must be surveyed first. For some areas with good geological conditions, in order to speed up the progress of construction, the full-section excavation method of the tunnel will be used. By evenly setting multiple explosive holes on the section of the tunnel and placing explosives and then detonating them, the entire section of the tunnel is pushed forward a certain distance in the excavation direction, so that the tunnel can be excavated quickly.

[0003] However, this method has a serious problem. If the violence of the explosives is not controlled properly, the violence of the explosion may be too great. This may easily expand the cross-section of the tunnel after the blast. This will require subsequent repairs to the tunnel, which will not only increase the workload but also easily cause unnecessary problems such as imbalance in the tunnel structure. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tunnel full-section excavation blasting method in view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art. By analyzing the positions of the explosive holes and the amount of explosives, the effects after the blasting of the explosives can be accurately simulated, thereby effectively avoiding the negative effects of construction caused by excessive explosives and ensuring smooth construction.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a tunnel full-section excavation blasting method, comprising:

[0006] Measure the dimensions of the entire tunnel section and draw the entire tunnel section through the data logger;

[0007] Enter the type of explosive to be used, and determine the blasting range in a blast hole of a specific size based on the type of explosive;

[0008] Determine the location and size of the blasting hole according to the blasting range of the blasting hole of a specific size and the entire section of the tunnel;

[0009] According to the location and size of the blasting holes, slots are cut on the entire tunnel section and explosives are placed;

[0010] The explosives were detonated, and then the tunnel was cleaned and repaired to obtain a new complete tunnel section.

[0011] Further, the blasting range of a blasting hole of a specific size is determined according to the type of explosive, including:

[0012] Determine the explosive force value and specific size of the blast hole according to the type of explosive and determine the degree of attenuation of the explosive;

[0013] According to the attenuation degree of the explosive, an attenuation circle is drawn, and the blasting range of the blasting hole of the specific size is determined by marking pixel values ​​at various points of the attenuation circle.

[0014] Furthermore, the determination of the position and size of the blasting hole according to the blasting range of the blasting hole of a specific size and the entire cross section of the tunnel includes:

[0015] Setting the sizes of the plurality of blasting holes, and determining the blasting range of each blasting hole of the set size according to the blasting range of the blasting hole of the specific size;

[0016] The blasting ranges of the blasting holes of the set sizes are superimposed and drawn on the full cross section of the tunnel, so that the range of the pixel values ​​at each point of the full cross section of the tunnel is less than the set value;

[0017] The position and size of each blasting hole are determined according to the blasting range of the superimposed blasting holes of set size.

[0018] Furthermore, the method of superimposing and drawing the blasting ranges of the blasting holes of each set size on the entire cross section of the tunnel includes:

[0019] A two-dimensional plane canvas is established according to the size of the entire tunnel section, and the blasting ranges of the blasting holes of each set size are displayed and drawn on the two-dimensional plane canvas in the form of pixels;

[0020] The pixel values ​​of each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas are added up, so as to complete the superimposition and drawing of the blasting range of each blasting hole of a set size on the entire section of the tunnel.

[0021] Furthermore, the step of summing up the pixel values ​​of each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas includes:

[0022] Counting the number of pixel values ​​marked at each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas;

[0023] Filter out pixel points whose number of pixel values ​​is greater than or equal to two;

[0024] The pixel values ​​of the selected pixel points are added together so that each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas has only one pixel value.

[0025] Furthermore, the blasting ranges of the blasting holes of each set size are displayed and drawn on the two-dimensional plane canvas in the form of pixels, including:

[0026] On the two-dimensional canvas, non-intersecting loops are drawn in sequence from inside to outside;

[0027] On each of the loop lines, blasting holes of set sizes are selected according to the distance between adjacent loop lines to draw the blasting range.

[0028] Further, the cleaning and repairing of the tunnel includes:

[0029] Clean the debris out of the tunnel;

[0030] The tunnel wall surface is repaired according to the full section of the tunnel, so that the longitudinal cutting surface of the tunnel at any position after the repair is the same as the full section of the tunnel.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0032] The present invention provides a method for excavating and blasting a tunnel in its entirety, by analyzing the position of explosive holes and the amount of explosives, and intuitively converting the amount of explosives in the form of image values, thereby simulating the violence of blasting in the form of images, thereby accurately simulating the effect after blasting with explosives. The present invention determines the type of explosives and the size and position of blasting holes in this way, thereby determining the power of the explosives, so that the explosives are just used to blast the entire tunnel section, and subsequently only the tunnel needs to be cleaned and repaired, thereby effectively avoiding the negative effects of construction caused by excessive explosives, and ensuring smooth construction.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of the overall process of a tunnel full-section excavation and blasting method.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of each blasting hole and blasting range on the whole section of the tunnel in the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the loop line and blasting holes on the full section of the tunnel in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a tunnel full-section excavation blasting method, comprising:

[0038] Step 1: Measure the dimensions of the entire tunnel section and draw the entire tunnel section through the data logger;

[0039] Step 2: Enter the type of explosive to be used, and determine the blasting range in a blasting hole of a specific size based on the type of explosive;

[0040] Step 3: Determine the location and size of the blasting hole according to the blasting range of the blasting hole of a specific size and the entire section of the tunnel;

[0041] Step 4: Slot the entire tunnel section according to the location and size of the blasting holes and place explosives;

[0042] Step 5: Detonate the explosives, then clean and repair the tunnel to obtain a new tunnel section.

[0043] Among them, in step 1, the size and shape of the entire tunnel section are entered, so that a virtual entire tunnel section will be available in the system and displayed in the form of an image, which will lay a solid foundation for the subsequent visualization of the blasting holes and blasting ranges.

[0044] In step 2, the extent of blasting is determined based on the type of explosives. Even if a specific size of blasting hole is given, in general, the specific size is a circle with a radius of 10 cm, which is the cross-section of the blasting hole. In general, the shape of the blasting hole is cylindrical, and the shape of the blasting range of the blasting hole is a cylindrical shape with a radius larger than the blasting hole. The stronger the violence of the explosive, the radius of the blasting range is approximately larger than the blasting hole, and the blasting range of this specific size of blasting hole is obtained based on past experience.

[0045] As for the blasting range, the present invention is mapped according to the attenuation of the explosive blasting capacity. The blasting range of a blasting hole of a specific size is determined according to the type of explosive, including:

[0046] Step 2-1: Determine the explosive force value of the explosive and the specific size of the blast hole according to the type of explosive, and determine the degree of attenuation of the explosive;

[0047] Step 2-2: Draw an attenuation circle according to the attenuation degree of the explosive, and determine the blasting range of the blasting hole of the specific size by marking the pixel value at each point of the attenuation circle.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the solid circle represents the blasting hole, and the dotted circle represents the blasting range of the blasting hole. If expressed in pixel values, a blasting hole and its blasting range should be a gradual change of pixel values ​​within the blasting range, which gradually decreases from the edge of the blasting hole to the edge of the blasting range, and finally tends to zero at the edge of the blasting range.

[0049] In this regard, in step 3, the determination of the position and size of the blasting hole according to the blasting range of the blasting hole of a specific size and the entire cross section of the tunnel includes:

[0050] Step 3-1: setting the sizes of multiple blasting holes, and determining the blasting range of each blasting hole of the set size according to the blasting range of the blasting hole of the specific size;

[0051] Step 3-2: superimpose and draw the blasting ranges of the blasting holes of each set size on the full cross section of the tunnel, so that the range of the pixel values ​​at each point of the full cross section of the tunnel is less than the set value;

[0052] Step 3-3: Determine the position and size of each blasting hole according to the blasting range of the blasting holes of set size drawn by superimposition.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, in order to complete sufficient blasting, the blasting ranges of each blasting hole need to be tangent to each other, so that the edge can be fully blasted, and using a larger blasting hole inside can make the blasting range larger.

[0054] In order to more intuitively and clearly reflect the extent of blasting from the perspective of images, in the present invention, the blasting ranges of the blasting holes of each set size are superimposed and drawn on the full section of the tunnel, including:

[0055] A two-dimensional plane canvas is established according to the size of the entire tunnel section, and the blasting ranges of the blasting holes of each set size are displayed and drawn on the two-dimensional plane canvas in the form of pixels;

[0056] The pixel values ​​of each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas are added up, so as to complete the superimposition and drawing of the blasting range of each blasting hole of a set size on the entire section of the tunnel.

[0057] The step of summing up the pixel values ​​of each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas includes:

[0058] Counting the number of pixel values ​​marked at each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas;

[0059] Filter out pixel points whose number of pixel values ​​is greater than or equal to two;

[0060] The pixel values ​​of the selected pixel points are added together so that each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas has only one pixel value.

[0061] The above-mentioned method of superimposing pixel values, in the actual physical meaning, reflects the actual violent superposition of explosive blasting. Because in practice, in order to achieve a better blasting effect and reduce cleaning, the blasting impact of each point needs to be as equal as possible to achieve a general balance, so that the blasting range of the two blasting holes can be overlapped. Therefore, the present invention limits the range of the pixel value at each point on the entire cross-section of the tunnel to be less than a set value, and determines the balance of the pixel value by setting the range, and at the same time achieves the balance of the blasting. The effect of this is that when the surface of the tunnel wall is subsequently cleaned and repaired, the surface of the tunnel wall is relatively smooth and easy to clean and repair.

[0062] like Figure 3 As shown, in order to better arrange the distribution of each blasting hole, in the present invention, the blasting range of each blasting hole of a set size is displayed and drawn on the two-dimensional plane canvas in the form of pixels, including:

[0063] On the two-dimensional canvas, non-intersecting loops are drawn in sequence from inside to outside;

[0064] On each of the loop lines, blasting holes of set sizes are selected according to the distance between adjacent loop lines to draw the blasting range.

[0065] The present invention arranges the blasting holes by introducing a loop line. Figure 3 In the figure, the dotted line represents the loop line, and the solid circle represents the location of the blasting hole. Combined with the type of explosives, the blasting range can be determined and the blasting can be completed.

[0066] In step 4, for the blasting hole whose position and size have been determined, explosives are placed inside. The position and size of the blasting hole are determined according to the above method based on the type of existing explosives. After placing the explosives, fuses are installed at the same time to pave the way for subsequent detonation of the explosives.

[0067] Step 5 is the final step, in which explosives are detonated to complete the blasting work, after which the tunnel is cleaned and repaired, including:

[0068] Clean the debris out of the tunnel;

[0069] The tunnel wall surface is repaired according to the full section of the tunnel, so that the longitudinal cutting surface of the tunnel at any position after the repair is the same as the full section of the tunnel.

[0070] In the present invention, after the above-mentioned blasting and repairing, each longitudinal section in the tunnel is made the same as the full section of the tunnel.

[0071] The present invention analyzes the position of the dynamite hole and the amount of explosives, and intuitively converts the amount of explosives in the form of image values, thereby simulating the violence of the blasting in the form of images, thereby accurately simulating the effect after the blasting of the explosives. The present invention determines the type of explosives and the size and position of the blasting holes in this way, thereby determining the power of the explosives, so that it can just push the blasting on the entire section of the tunnel. Subsequently, only the tunnel needs to be cleaned and repaired, thereby effectively avoiding the negative construction effects caused by excessive explosives and ensuring smooth construction.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent structural change made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel full-section excavation blasting method, characterized in that: include: Measure the dimensions of the entire tunnel section and draw the entire tunnel section through the data logger; Enter the type of explosive to be used, and determine the blasting range in a blast hole of a specific size based on the type of explosive; Determine the location and size of the blasting hole according to the blasting range of the blasting hole of a specific size and the entire section of the tunnel; According to the location and size of the blasting holes, slots are cut on the entire tunnel section and explosives are placed; The explosives were detonated, and then the tunnel was cleaned and repaired to obtain a new complete tunnel section.

2. A tunnel full-section excavation blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the blasting range in a blasting hole of a specific size according to the type of explosive includes: Determine the explosive force value and specific size of the blast hole according to the type of explosive and determine the degree of attenuation of the explosive; According to the attenuation degree of the explosive, an attenuation circle is drawn, and the blasting range of the blasting hole of the specific size is determined by marking pixel values ​​at various points of the attenuation circle.

3. A tunnel full-section excavation blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The determination of the position and size of the blasting hole according to the blasting range of the blasting hole of a specific size and the full cross section of the tunnel includes: Setting the sizes of the plurality of blasting holes, and determining the blasting range of each blasting hole of the set size according to the blasting range of the blasting hole of the specific size; The blasting ranges of the blasting holes of the set sizes are superimposed and drawn on the full cross section of the tunnel, so that the range of the pixel values ​​at each point of the full cross section of the tunnel is less than the set value; The position and size of each blasting hole are determined according to the blasting range of the superimposed blasting holes of set size.

4. A tunnel full-face excavation blasting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of superimposing and drawing the blasting ranges of the blasting holes of each set size on the full section of the tunnel includes: A two-dimensional plane canvas is established according to the size of the entire tunnel section, and the blasting ranges of the blasting holes of each set size are displayed and drawn on the two-dimensional plane canvas in the form of pixels; The pixel values ​​of each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas are added up, so as to complete the superimposition and drawing of the blasting range of each blasting hole of a set size on the entire section of the tunnel.

5. A tunnel full-face excavation blasting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of summing up the pixel values ​​of each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas includes: Counting the number of pixel values ​​marked at each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas; Filter out pixel points whose number of pixel values ​​is greater than or equal to two; The pixel values ​​of the selected pixel points are added together so that each pixel point in the two-dimensional plane canvas has only one pixel value.

6. A tunnel full-face excavation blasting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of displaying the blasting range of each blasting hole of a set size in the form of pixels and drawing it on the two-dimensional plane canvas includes: On the two-dimensional canvas, non-intersecting loops are drawn in sequence from inside to outside; On each of the loop lines, blasting holes of set sizes are selected according to the distance between adjacent loop lines to draw the blasting range.

7. A tunnel full-face excavation blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning and repairing of the tunnel includes: Clean the debris out of the tunnel; The tunnel wall surface is repaired according to the full section of the tunnel, so that the longitudinal cutting surface of the tunnel at any position after the repair is the same as the full section of the tunnel.

Images