Underground coal mine deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground coal mine deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device and method. The device comprises a compressed air system, a charging system and a plugging component. The compressed air system comprises a compressed air fan, an air pipe and a compressed air valve; the medicine charging system comprises a medicine charging box, an air supply pipe and a medicine conveying pipe, the medicine charging box is connected with a medicine box air inlet pipe and a medicine box air outlet pipe, the medicine box air inlet pipe is provided with a medicine box air inlet valve, the medicine box air outlet pipe is provided with a medicine box air outlet valve, the top of the medicine charging box is provided with a sealing cover, and the bottom of the medicine charging box is provided with a medicine outlet pipe which is provided with a medicine outlet valve. The air outlet end of the air pipe is connected with a pesticide box air inlet pipe and an air supply pipe, an air supply pipe air inlet valve is arranged at the inlet end of the air supply pipe, a branch is arranged on the air supply pipe and connected with the pesticide outlet pipe, and the blocking part is used for blocking a blast hole opening during drainage. The drainage, charging and plugging speed of deep hole blasting is increased, the hard rock passing speed of a coal mining machine and a roadheader is increased, coal production is stabilized, continuous tension of mining is relieved, and high-yield and high-efficiency production of a coal mine is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground coal mine blasting, in particular to a device and method for drainage, charging and plugging of deep hole blasting in underground coal mines. Background Art

[0002] Coal has undergone a long geological tectonic movement during the mineralization process, resulting in the existence of many large and small geological structures in the coalfield, such as faults, collapse columns, intrusive rocks, etc., which have a greater impact on comprehensive mining work. Moreover, their mechanical parameters such as strength and hardness are much greater than the strength of the coal seam. When the coal mining machine cuts the geological structure, the pick consumption is serious, and the advancement speed is greatly reduced, which seriously affects the continuity and output of production. In order to solve the problem of coal mining machine advancement difficulties, the current stage mainly adopts the working face relocation, detour and shallow hole blasting method to assist. Relocation and detour will cause production suspension or a significant reduction in production, and easily cause damage to comprehensive mining equipment. Shallow hole blasting generally uses 1.5 to 3.0m drilling holes for pre-splitting blasting, the weakened medium range is small, the number of blasting cycles is large, and the auxiliary operation is long, which makes the coal mining work inefficient, and the negative risks and impacts caused by the large number of blasting times also increase significantly.

[0003] Therefore, in order to improve the working efficiency of the working face through the geological structure, control production costs, reduce the number of blasting times, it is very necessary to adopt near-horizontal deep hole blasting technology to fully pre-crack the geological structure belt on the cutting trajectory of the coal mining machine, reduce the loss of coal mining machine teeth, increase the cutting speed of the coal mining machine, stabilize coal production, and ensure production safety.

[0004] On the other hand, my country's coal mining is mainly underground mining, and the tunneling speed directly affects the mining speed of coal mines. When the excavation working face is too hard rock, problems such as slow cutting speed of the tunnel boring machine, damage to the cutting head, high maintenance cost, and long maintenance time often occur, which seriously affect the tunneling progress. Similarly, it is also very necessary to use near-horizontal deep hole blasting technology to pre-crack the hard rock on the cutting track of the tunnel boring machine, reduce the loss of the tunnel boring machine's cutting teeth, increase the tunnel boring machine's cutting speed, alleviate the tension of mining and excavation continuity, and ensure high-yield and efficient production of coal mines.

[0005] However, deep hole blasting in underground coal mining and excavation working faces has the characteristics of deep blasthole depth, difficult drainage, large charge amount, and loose sealing. The following problems are prone to occur during the charging process: (1) There is water in the blasthole, which makes charging difficult and affects the performance of the explosives and the stability of the blasting network; (2) The charging is discontinuous and it is difficult to cause sympathetic detonation; (3) The sealing length is long, the workload is large, and the sealing is not tight. At present, in the existing technology: Chinese patent (CN112696999A) discloses a charging device and charging method for deep hole blasting, which specifically uses a blasting stick to push multiple charging tubes and filling tubes as well as pull ropes, rope clamps, plugs and other components to the set position, and the charging tubes are filled with emulsion explosives and the filling tubes are filled with filling materials. The device has a complex structure, many operating steps, and is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Chinese patent (CN108106506A) discloses a deep hole blasting intrinsically safe rapid charging device, which specifically uses the conical guide head at the front end of the device and the PVC tube to deliver the emulsion explosive to the designated position. During the charging process, the length of the PVC tube is 2m. When the blast hole is not straight or there are residual coal and rock debris in the hole, the PVC tube will be stuck in the blast hole. Chinese patent (CN110196003B) provides a deep hole blasting rapid charging device and charging method, which is specifically composed of a plurality of charging units connected end to end, and the charging unit includes a charging tube, a detonating cord and an explosive roll, and a closing plug is placed at the head and tail of the charging device respectively. Then it is first pushed into the borehole manually and quickly, and then the charging device is pushed to the predetermined position of the borehole again by a through-hole device. When pushing the charging device, it is easy to get stuck in the blast hole, and the charging length of deep hole blasting is very long, so it is difficult to push the charging device to the predetermined position through the through-hole device.

[0006] In view of this, we propose a near-horizontal deep hole blasting drainage, charging, and plugging device and method for underground coal mines to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a deep hole blasting drainage, charging and sealing device and method for coal mines to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, improve the drainage, charging and sealing rates of deep hole blasting, increase the speed of coal mining machines and multi-purpose excavators passing through hard rocks, stabilize coal production, alleviate the tension in mining and excavation continuity, and ensure high-yield and efficient production of coal mines.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device for underground coal mines, comprising a compressed air system, a charging system and a plugging component;

[0010] The compressed air system comprises an air compressor, an air duct and an air compression valve, the air inlet end of the air duct is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor, and the air compression valve is arranged at the air inlet end of the air duct;

[0011] The medicine loading system comprises a medicine loading box, an air supply pipe and a medicine delivery pipe, the medicine loading box is connected to a medicine box air inlet pipe and a medicine box air outlet pipe, the medicine box air inlet pipe is provided with a medicine box air inlet valve, the medicine box air outlet pipe is provided with a medicine box air outlet valve, the top of the medicine loading box is provided with a sealing cover that can be opened and closed, the bottom is provided with a medicine outlet pipe, the medicine outlet pipe is provided with a medicine outlet valve, the air outlet end of the air duct is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the inlet end of the medicine box air inlet pipe, and the other path is connected to the inlet end of the air supply pipe, the air duct is detachably connected to the medicine box air inlet pipe and the air supply pipe, the inlet end of the air supply pipe is provided with an air supply pipe inlet valve, the air supply pipe is provided with a branch connected to the medicine outlet pipe, the connection between the medicine outlet pipe and the air supply pipe is located on the downstream side of the air supply pipe inlet valve, and the outlet end of the air supply pipe is detachably connected to one end of the medicine delivery pipe;

[0012] The blocking component is used to block the blast hole opening during drainage.

[0013] In one embodiment, the air inlet pipe of the medicine box and the inlet end of the air supply pipe are merged into one and connected to the air duct through a first joint.

[0014] In one embodiment, the outlet end of the air supply pipe is connected to the drug delivery tube through a second joint.

[0015] In one embodiment, the blocking component comprises a hollow soft rubber plug.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging in a coal mine. Based on the above-mentioned deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device in a coal mine, the method comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1: According to the properties of the rocks to be blasted in the roof, floor and working face of the coal mine, complete the underground deep hole blasting design, complete the working face drilling work according to the design requirements, and prepare the explosives and sealing materials;

[0018] S2: connect one end of the medicine delivery tube to the bottom of the blast hole, set the other end as a free end, plug the air outlet end of the air duct into the blast hole orifice, seal the blast hole orifice with the blocking component, open the air compressor and the air pressure valve, use the wind pressure to blow the water in the blast hole to the bottom of the hole and then discharge it from the medicine delivery tube, and then close the air compressor and the air pressure valve; connect the free end of the medicine delivery tube with the outlet end of the air supply pipe, take out the blocking component of the blast hole orifice, connect the air outlet end of the air duct with the medicine box air inlet pipe and the inlet end of the air supply pipe, open the air compressor and the air pressure valve, close the medicine box air outlet valve, open the medicine box air inlet valve, the medicine outlet valve and the air supply pipe air inlet valve, use the wind pressure to blow the water at the bottom of the blast hole along the blast hole, and then close the air compressor and the air pressure valve;

[0019] S3: Repeat step S2 to complete the drainage work of each blasthole one by one;

[0020] S4: pouring the coal mine permitted explosives into the explosive box after screening;

[0021] S5: inserting one end of the detonating cord into the drug delivery tube, and delivering the detonating cord to the bottom of the hole by using the drug delivery tube; then gradually moving the drug delivery tube outward from the bottom of the blast hole, and each time the drug delivery tube moves outward, the compressed air system and the charging system are used to load explosives in the blast hole section corresponding to the outward movement distance of the drug delivery tube, until the charging work of the blast hole is completed;

[0022] S6: Repeat step S5 to complete the charging work of each blast hole one by one;

[0023] S7: pouring the sealing material into the medicine box after sieving;

[0024] S8: inserting the drug delivery tube into the blasthole until it contacts the explosive, and then gradually moving the drug delivery tube outward from the blasthole. Each time the drug delivery tube moves outward, the sealing material is filled in the blasthole section corresponding to the outward movement distance of the drug delivery tube through the compressed air system and the charging system until the blasthole is sealed;

[0025] S9: Repeat step S8 to complete the plugging of each blast hole one by one.

[0026] In one embodiment, in step S7, the sealing material is one, two or three of loess, sand and cement.

[0027] In one embodiment, in step S5, each time the explosives are loaded, the steps include: pulling the drug delivery tube outward by 3 m from the bottom of the hole, closing the sealing cover, the air inlet valve of the air supply tube, the drug outlet valve and the drug box air outlet valve, opening the air compressor, the air pressure valve and the drug box air inlet valve, and after the sealing cover is completely closed under the action of wind pressure, opening the air inlet valve of the air supply tube, and after the wind pressure of the drug delivery tube is stable, opening the drug outlet valve, loading explosives into the blast hole until the 3 m blast hole section is completely filled with explosives, and then closing the drug outlet valve.

[0028] In one embodiment, in step S8, each time the sealing material is loaded, the process includes: pulling the drug delivery tube out 1.5 m from the bottom of the hole, closing the sealing cover, the air inlet valve of the air supply tube, the drug outlet valve and the air outlet valve of the medicine box, opening the air compressor, the air pressure valve and the air inlet valve of the medicine box, and after the sealing cover is completely closed under the action of wind pressure, opening the air inlet valve of the air supply tube, and after the wind pressure of the drug delivery tube is stable, opening the drug outlet valve, and loading the sealing material into the blast hole until the 1.5 m blast hole section is completely filled with the sealing material, and then closing the drug outlet valve.

[0029] In one embodiment, in step S5, after the explosives in the medicine box are used up, the air inlet valve of the medicine box is closed, the air outlet valve of the medicine box is opened, and after there is no wind pressure in the medicine box, the screened explosives are poured into the medicine box.

[0030] In one embodiment, in step S8, when the sealing material in the medicine box is used up, the air inlet valve of the medicine box is closed, the air outlet valve of the medicine box is opened, and after there is no wind pressure in the medicine box, the screened sealing material is poured into the medicine box.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0032] The device and method for drainage, charging and sealing of deep hole blasting in underground coal mines provided by the present invention utilize a compressed air system in cooperation with a charging system and a sealing component to complete the drainage, charging and sealing of the underground deep holes, with good drainage effect and high efficiency, simple charging operation, time-saving and labor-saving, and no "stuck" phenomenon of blast holes will occur compared with other devices, and continuous charging and safe detonation can be guaranteed, with fast sealing speed and dense sealing, and deep hole blasting is not easy to punch holes, thereby improving the drainage, charging and sealing rates of deep hole blasting, increasing the speed of coal mining machines and multi-purpose excavators passing through hard rocks, stabilizing coal production, alleviating the tension in mining and excavation continuity, and ensuring high-yield and efficient production of coal mines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the use of the deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device in an underground coal mine in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device for an underground coal mine in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1-air compressor, 2-air duct, 3-air compression valve, 4-medicine box, 5-air supply pipe, 6-medicine delivery pipe, 7-medicine box air inlet pipe, 8-medicine box air outlet pipe, 9-medicine box air inlet valve, 10-medicine box air outlet valve, 11-sealing cover, 12-medicine outlet pipe, 13-medicine outlet valve, 14-air supply pipe air inlet valve, 15-blast hole, 16-first joint, 17-second joint, 18-blocking component, 19-top plate, 20-bottom plate, 21-working face, 22-rock to be blasted, 23-explosive, 24-sealing material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device and method for coal mines to solve the problems existing in the prior art, improve the drainage, charging and plugging rates of deep hole blasting, increase the speed of coal mining machines and multi-purpose excavators passing through hard rocks, stabilize coal production, alleviate the tension in mining and excavation continuity, and ensure high-yield and efficient production of coal mines.

[0039] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device for coal mines, including a compressed air system, a charging system and a plugging component 18; the compressed air system can provide stable wind energy for the blast hole drainage and charging system;

[0042] The compressed air system includes an air compressor 1, an air duct 2 and an air compression valve 3, the air inlet end of the air duct 2 is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor 1, and the air compression valve 3 is arranged at the air inlet end of the air duct 2;

[0043] The medicine loading system comprises a medicine loading box 4, an air supply pipe 5 and a medicine delivery pipe 6, the medicine loading box 4 is connected with a medicine box air inlet pipe 7 and a medicine box air outlet pipe 8, the medicine box air inlet pipe 7 is provided with a medicine box air inlet valve 9, the medicine box air outlet pipe 8 is provided with a medicine box air outlet valve 10, the top of the medicine loading box 4 is provided with a sealing cover 11 which can be opened and closed, and a medicine outlet pipe 12 is provided at the bottom, and a medicine outlet valve 13 is provided on the medicine outlet pipe 12, the air outlet end of the air pipe 2 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the inlet end of the medicine box air inlet pipe 7, and the other path is connected to the inlet end of the air supply pipe 5, the air pipe 2 is detachably connected to the medicine box air inlet pipe 7 and the air supply pipe 5, the inlet end of the air supply pipe 5 is provided with an air supply pipe inlet valve 14, a branch is provided on the air supply pipe 5 which is connected to the medicine outlet pipe 12, the connection between the medicine outlet pipe 12 and the air supply pipe 5 is located at the downstream side of the air supply pipe inlet valve 14, and the outlet end of the air supply pipe 5 is detachably connected to one end of the medicine delivery pipe 6;

[0044] The plugging component 18 is used to plug the orifice of the blasthole 15 during drainage. The plugging component 18 comprises a hollow soft rubber plug.

[0045] In this embodiment, the inlet ends of the medicine box air inlet pipe 7 and the air supply pipe 5 are merged into one and connected to the air duct 2 through the first joint 16, so as to facilitate disassembly and assembly.

[0046] In this embodiment, the outlet end of the air supply pipe 5 is connected to the medicine delivery pipe 6 through the second joint 17, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly.

[0047] Embodiment 2

[0048] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging in a coal mine, based on the above-mentioned deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device in a coal mine, including the following steps:

[0049] S1: According to the properties of the rock 22 to be blasted in the roof 19, floor 20 and working face 21 of the coal mine, the underground deep hole blasting design is completed, and the drilling work of the working face 21 is completed according to the design requirements, and the explosives 23 and sealing materials 24 are prepared;

[0050] S2: connect one end of the medicine delivery tube 6 to the bottom of the blast hole 15, and set the other end as a free end, plug the air outlet end of the air duct 2 into the orifice of the blast hole 15 (plug it about 2m), use the blocking component 18 to block the orifice of the blast hole 15, open the air compressor 1 and the air pressure valve 3, use the wind pressure to blow the water in the blast hole 15 to the bottom of the hole and then discharge it from the medicine delivery tube 6, and then close the air compressor 1 and the air pressure valve 3; block the orifice of the blast hole 15 by the blocking component 18, so as to ensure that the wind pressure can press the water from the blast hole 15 to the bottom of the hole, and then discharge it through the medicine delivery tube 6;

[0051] After that, connect the free end of the medicine delivery tube 6 to the outlet end of the air supply pipe 5, take out the plugging component 18 of the orifice of the blast hole 15, connect the outlet end of the air duct 2 to the medicine box air inlet pipe 7 and the inlet end of the air supply pipe 5, open the air compressor 1 and the air pressure valve 3, close the medicine box air outlet valve 10, open the medicine box air inlet valve 9, the medicine outlet valve 13 and the air supply pipe air inlet valve 14, use the wind pressure to blow the water at the bottom of the blast hole 15 out along the blast hole 15, further drain the water in the blast hole 15, and then close the air compressor 1 and the air pressure valve 3;

[0052] S3: Repeat step S2 to complete the drainage work of each blasthole 15 one by one;

[0053] S4: Pour the powdered emulsion explosive 23 permitted for coal mines into the charge box 4 after screening, to prevent the explosive 23 from agglomerating and blocking the drug delivery pipe 6 during the charge process, and the charge amount shall not exceed four fifths of the charge box 4;

[0054] S5: insert one end of the detonating cord into the drug delivery tube 6, and use the drug delivery tube 6 to deliver the detonating cord to the bottom of the hole; then move the drug delivery tube 6 outward from the bottom of the blast hole 15 one by one, and each time the drug delivery tube 6 moves outward, the explosive 23 is loaded in the blast hole section corresponding to the outward movement distance of the drug delivery tube 6 through the compressed air system and the charging system until the charging work of one blast hole 15 is completed; specifically, each time the explosive loading includes: pulling the drug delivery tube 6 outward from the bottom of the hole for 3m, closing the sealing cover 11, and the air supply pipe entering the blast hole 15; Open the air valve 14, the medicine outlet valve 13 and the medicine box air outlet valve 10, open the air compressor 1, the air pressure valve 3 and the medicine box air inlet valve 9, and after the sealing cover 11 is completely closed under the action of wind pressure, open the air supply pipe air inlet valve 14, and after the wind pressure of the medicine delivery pipe 6 is stable, open the medicine outlet valve 13, and the explosive 23 is discharged from the medicine outlet valve 13 under the action of wind pressure, and then fill the explosive 23 into the blast hole 15 through the medicine delivery pipe 6 until the 3m blast hole section is completely filled with explosives 23, and then close the medicine outlet valve 13;

[0055] S6: Repeat step S5 to complete the charging work of each blast hole one by one;

[0056] S7: Pour the sealing material 24 into the medicine box 4 after screening;

[0057] S8: insert the drug delivery tube 6 into the blast hole 15 until it contacts the explosive 23, and then gradually move the drug delivery tube 6 outward from the blast hole 15. Each time the drug delivery tube 6 moves outward, the sealing material 24 is filled in the blast hole section corresponding to the outward distance of the drug delivery tube 6 through the compressed air system and the charging system until the blast hole 15 is sealed. Specifically, each time the sealing material 24 is filled, the drug delivery tube 6 is pulled out 1.5m from the bottom of the hole, the sealing cover 11 and the air inlet valve 11 of the air supply pipe are closed. 4. Open the medicine outlet valve 13 and the medicine box air outlet valve 10, open the air compressor 1, the air pressure valve 3 and the medicine box air inlet valve 9, and after the sealing cover 11 is completely closed under the action of wind pressure, open the air supply pipe air inlet valve 14, and after the wind pressure of the medicine delivery pipe 6 is stable, open the medicine outlet valve 13, fill the sealing material 24 into the blast hole 15 until the 1.5m blast hole section is completely filled with the sealing material 24, and then close the medicine outlet valve 13; each sealing length is set to 1.5, which can better ensure the sealing quality;

[0058] S9: Repeat step S8 to complete the plugging of each blast hole 15 one by one.

[0059] In this embodiment, in step S7, the sealing material 24 is one, two or three of loess, sand and cement. It must be screened before being loaded into the medicine box 4 to prevent the sealing material 24 from agglomerating and blocking the medicine delivery tube 6 during the sealing process.

[0060] In this embodiment, in step S5, when the explosive 23 in the medicine box 4 is used up, the medicine box air inlet valve 9 is closed, the medicine box air outlet valve 10 is opened, and after there is no wind pressure in the medicine box 4, the screened explosive 23 is poured into the medicine box 4. In step S8, when the sealing material 24 in the medicine box 4 is used up, the medicine box air inlet valve 9 is closed, the medicine box air outlet valve 10 is opened, and after there is no wind pressure in the medicine box 4, the screened sealing material 24 is poured into the medicine box 4.

[0061] When drilling near-horizontal deep holes in coal mines, water often accumulates at the bottom of the blastholes due to moisture in the rock strata and moisture during drilling and hole washing by the drill. The traditional method of using a water pump and a single air duct cannot completely remove the water, resulting in difficulties in charging and failure of explosives, which seriously affects the safety of blasting operations and the progress of the project. The present invention uses a compressed air system in conjunction with a charging system and a plugging component to complete the drainage of the underground deep hole, which has a good drainage effect and high efficiency, is conducive to subsequent charging work, avoids failure of explosives, and ensures the safety of blasting operations and the progress of the project.

[0062] In deep hole blasting in coal mines, general charging devices are complicated to operate and take a long time to charge. The present invention utilizes a compressed air system in conjunction with a charging system to quickly complete charging. The operation is simple, time-saving and labor-saving. Compared with other devices, the blast hole will not be "stuck", and continuous charging and safe detonation can be guaranteed.

[0063] Deep hole blasting in coal mines is generally sealed by manual methods, which has poor sealing quality and takes a long time. The present invention uses a compressed air system in conjunction with a charging system to seal the blastholes, which has a fast sealing speed and dense sealing, and deep hole blasting is not easy to punch.

[0064] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device for underground coal mines, characterized by: Including compressed air system, charging system and plugging components; The compressed air system comprises an air compressor, an air duct and an air compression valve, the air inlet end of the air duct is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor, and the air compression valve is arranged at the air inlet end of the air duct; The medicine loading system comprises a medicine loading box, an air supply pipe and a medicine delivery pipe, the medicine loading box is connected to a medicine box air inlet pipe and a medicine box air outlet pipe, the medicine box air inlet pipe is provided with a medicine box air inlet valve, the medicine box air outlet pipe is provided with a medicine box air outlet valve, the top of the medicine loading box is provided with a sealing cover that can be opened and closed, the bottom is provided with a medicine outlet pipe, the medicine outlet pipe is provided with a medicine outlet valve, the air outlet end of the air duct is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the inlet end of the medicine box air inlet pipe, and the other path is connected to the inlet end of the air supply pipe, the air duct is detachably connected to the medicine box air inlet pipe and the air supply pipe, the inlet end of the air supply pipe is provided with an air supply pipe inlet valve, the air supply pipe is provided with a branch connected to the medicine outlet pipe, the connection between the medicine outlet pipe and the air supply pipe is located on the downstream side of the air supply pipe inlet valve, and the outlet end of the air supply pipe is detachably connected to one end of the medicine delivery pipe; The blocking component is used to block the blast hole opening during drainage.

2. The deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device for coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet ends of the medicine box air inlet pipe and the air supply pipe are connected to the air duct through a first joint after being merged into one.

3. The deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device for coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet end of the air supply pipe is connected to the medicine delivery pipe through a second joint.

4. The deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device for coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blocking component comprises a hollow soft rubber plug.

5. A method for deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging in coal mines, characterized in that: The deep hole blasting drainage, charging and plugging device for coal mines according to any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises the following steps: S1: According to the properties of the rocks to be blasted in the roof, floor and working face of the coal mine, complete the underground deep hole blasting design, complete the working face drilling work according to the design requirements, and prepare the explosives and sealing materials; S2: connect one end of the medicine delivery tube to the bottom of the blast hole, set the other end as a free end, plug the air outlet end of the air duct into the blast hole orifice, seal the blast hole orifice with the blocking component, open the air compressor and the air pressure valve, use the wind pressure to blow the water in the blast hole to the bottom of the hole and then discharge it from the medicine delivery tube, and then close the air compressor and the air pressure valve; connect the free end of the medicine delivery tube with the outlet end of the air supply pipe, take out the blocking component of the blast hole orifice, connect the air outlet end of the air duct with the medicine box air inlet pipe and the inlet end of the air supply pipe, open the air compressor and the air pressure valve, close the medicine box air outlet valve, open the medicine box air inlet valve, the medicine outlet valve and the air supply pipe air inlet valve, use the wind pressure to blow the water at the bottom of the blast hole along the blast hole, and then close the air compressor and the air pressure valve; S3: Repeat step S2 to complete the drainage work of each blasthole one by one; S4: pouring the coal mine permitted explosives into the explosive box after screening; S5: inserting one end of the detonating cord into the drug delivery tube, and delivering the detonating cord to the bottom of the hole by using the drug delivery tube; then gradually moving the drug delivery tube outward from the bottom of the blast hole, and each time the drug delivery tube moves outward, the compressed air system and the charging system are used to load explosives in the blast hole section corresponding to the outward movement distance of the drug delivery tube, until the charging work of the blast hole is completed; S6: Repeat step S5 to complete the charging work of each blast hole one by one; S7: pouring the sealing material into the medicine box after sieving; S8: inserting the drug delivery tube into the blasthole until it contacts the explosive, and then gradually moving the drug delivery tube outward from the blasthole. Each time the drug delivery tube moves outward, the sealing material is filled in the blasthole section corresponding to the outward movement distance of the drug delivery tube through the compressed air system and the charging system until the blasthole is sealed; S9: Repeat step S8 to complete the plugging of each blast hole one by one.

6. The method for drainage, charging and plugging of deep hole blasting in underground coal mines according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S7, the sealing material is one, two or three of loess, sand and cement.

7. The method for drainage, charging and plugging of deep hole blasting in underground coal mines according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S5, each time the explosives are loaded, the steps include: pulling the drug delivery pipe out 3m from the bottom of the hole, closing the sealing cover, the air inlet valve of the air supply pipe, the drug outlet valve and the drug box outlet valve, opening the air compressor, the air pressure valve and the drug box inlet valve, and after the sealing cover is completely closed under the action of wind pressure, opening the air inlet valve of the air supply pipe, and after the wind pressure of the drug delivery pipe is stable, opening the drug outlet valve, loading explosives into the blast hole until the 3m blast hole section is completely filled with explosives, and then closing the drug outlet valve.

8. The method for drainage, charging and plugging of deep hole blasting in underground coal mines according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S8, each time the sealing material is loaded, the process includes: pulling the drug delivery tube out 1.5m from the bottom of the hole, closing the sealing cover, the air inlet valve of the air supply tube, the drug outlet valve and the air outlet valve of the medicine box, opening the air compressor, the air pressure valve and the air inlet valve of the medicine box, and after the sealing cover is completely closed under the action of wind pressure, opening the air inlet valve of the air supply tube, and after the wind pressure of the drug delivery tube is stable, opening the drug outlet valve, and loading the sealing material into the blast hole until the 1.5m blast hole section is completely filled with the sealing material, and then closing the drug outlet valve.

9. The method for drainage, charging and plugging of deep hole blasting in underground coal mines according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S5, when the explosives in the medicine box are used up, the air inlet valve of the medicine box is closed, and the air outlet valve of the medicine box is opened. After there is no wind pressure in the medicine box, the screened explosives are poured into the medicine box.

10. The method for drainage, charging and plugging of deep hole blasting in underground coal mines according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S8, when the sealing material in the medicine box is used up, the air inlet valve of the medicine box is closed, and the air outlet valve of the medicine box is opened. After there is no wind pressure in the medicine box, the screened sealing material is poured into the medicine box.

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