Device and method for testing water and soil pressure of submarine shield tunnel under tidal action

Abstract

The present invention provides a device and method for testing water and soil pressure in a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action. The device comprises: a C-shaped workbench; a sealing mechanism located at the bottom of the C-shaped opening, comprising a silo structure and a top cover plate, with a sealing gasket provided between the top cover plate and the silo structure; soil provided within the silo structure, with a water inlet and a groove provided on the top cover plate; a simulated tunnel structure located within the silo structure; a top loading mechanism located at the top of the C-shaped opening; a hydraulic loading mechanism for providing a simulated tidal load; a pore water pressure measuring mechanism for measuring the pore water pressure of soil layers at different heights within the soil; a water pressure gauge for measuring the water pressure load around the simulated tunnel structure, and an earth pressure gauge for measuring the earth pressure load around the simulated tunnel structure; and a control device. The present invention can simulate the influence of tidal action on water and soil pressure in a submarine shield tunnel, as well as the depth to which tidal action affects pore water pressure in the overlying stratum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shield tunnel engineering, and in particular to a device and method for testing water and soil pressure of a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action. Background Art

[0002] Undersea tunnels are subject to tidal fluctuations, causing the water level to fluctuate regularly. This fluctuating water level leads to a changing seepage field, which in turn causes the stress field to vary in time and space, making the distribution of water and soil pressure in the tunnel extremely complex. With the rapid increase in the number of submarine shield tunnel projects in my country in recent years, the impact of fluctuating water levels, such as tides and severe storm surges, on submarine tunnels has become a hot topic of research.

[0003] Existing submarine shield tunnel structural designs primarily simulate tidal effects by assuming constant head or constant water pressure variations outside the lining, without considering factors such as burial depth and stratum characteristics. Currently, the dynamics of water and soil pressure in submarine shield tunnels under tidal influences are unclear. Existing devices are unable to simulate the magnitude and dynamics of the tidal influence on the soil and water pressure loads surrounding submarine shield tunnels. Furthermore, there is a lack of devices and methods to simulate the depth at which tidal influences affect pore water pressure in the strata overlying submarine shield tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for testing water and soil pressure of a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for testing water and soil pressure of a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action, comprising:

[0006] A C-shaped workbench having a C-shaped opening;

[0007] a sealing mechanism located at the bottom of the C-shaped opening, the sealing mechanism comprising a silo structure and a top cover plate disposed above the silo structure, a sealing gasket disposed between the top cover plate and the silo structure; soil simulating the stratum characteristics surrounding the tunnel is disposed within the silo structure, and the top cover plate is provided with a water inlet hole and a groove serving as a water storage space;

[0008] A simulated tunnel structure, located inside the silo structure, for simulating a submarine shield tunnel;

[0009] a top loading mechanism, located at the top of the C-shaped opening, the top loading mechanism applying a predetermined load to the sealing mechanism;

[0010] a hydraulic loading mechanism connected to the water inlet, the hydraulic loading mechanism being used to provide a simulated tidal load;

[0011] A pore water pressure measuring mechanism is provided in the silo structure, and is used to measure the pore water pressure of soil layers at different heights of the soil mass;

[0012] A water pressure gauge and an earth pressure gauge are provided on the outer surface of the simulated tunnel structure, wherein the water pressure gauge is used to measure the water pressure load around the simulated tunnel structure, and the earth pressure gauge is used to measure the earth pressure load around the simulated tunnel structure;

[0013] A control device is respectively connected to the top loading mechanism, the water pressure loading mechanism, the pore water pressure measuring mechanism, the water pressure gauge and the soil pressure gauge.

[0014] Optionally, the water pressure loading mechanism includes:

[0015] a water pressure pipeline, one end of which is connected to the water inlet;

[0016] The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the other end of the hydraulic pipeline and is used to provide loading water pressure.

[0017] Optionally, the control device controls the hydraulic cylinder to apply a water pressure fluctuation load according to a planned tidal fluctuation law.

[0018] Optionally, the pore water pressure measuring mechanism includes:

[0019] a wire threading tube, passing through the top loading mechanism and the top cover in sequence and vertically inserted into the interior of the silo structure, with one end of the wire threading tube being located at the top of the simulated tunnel structure;

[0020] a plurality of brackets fixed to the threading tube along the length of the threading tube, the brackets being located inside the silo structure;

[0021] A plurality of piezometers are respectively fixed on the threading pipes, and the piezometers are used to measure the pore water pressure at corresponding positions.

[0022] Optionally, the plurality of piezometers are evenly distributed from the top of the soil in the silo structure to the top of the simulated tunnel structure.

[0023] Optionally, the simulated tunnel structure is a cylindrical concrete shell.

[0024] Optionally, the soil is a similar material prepared based on the physical and mechanical properties and permeability characteristics of the original soil layer.

[0025] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for testing water and soil pressure in a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action is provided, which is implemented using the above-mentioned device for testing water and soil pressure in a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action. The method comprises:

[0026] Place the simulated tunnel structure in the silo structure, install a pore water pressure measurement mechanism in the silo structure, and lay water pressure gauges and earth pressure gauges on the outer surface of the simulated tunnel structure;

[0027] Place soil into the silo structure;

[0028] Stick the sealing gasket between the top cover and the silo structure, and place the top cover on top of the silo structure;

[0029] Adjust the top loading mechanism to apply a predetermined load to the sealing mechanism;

[0030] Loading the water pressure to a predetermined water pressure through a water pressure loading mechanism;

[0031] The control device controls the water pressure loading mechanism to apply water pressure fluctuation load according to the predetermined tidal fluctuation law, and records the measurement values ​​of the pore water pressure measuring mechanism, water pressure gauge and earth pressure gauge in real time to obtain the law of the influence of tides on water and soil pressure in the submarine shield tunnel, as well as the depth of the pore water pressure in the overlying stratum affected by tides.

[0032] Furthermore, the method also includes: replacing the soil in the silo structure, repeating the test, and obtaining the law of the influence of tidal action on the water and soil pressure of the submarine shield tunnel and the depth of the influence of tidal action on the pore water pressure of the overlying stratum under different stratum conditions.

[0033] Furthermore, the method also includes: adjusting the height of the simulated tunnel structure within the silo structure or the thickness of the soil inside the silo structure, repeating the test, and obtaining the law of the influence of tidal effects on the water and soil pressure of the submarine shield tunnel and the depth of the influence of tidal effects on the pore water pressure of the overlying strata at different burial depths.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The present invention adjusts the hydraulic loading mechanism through a control device to simulate tidal loads. Through the interaction between the sealing mechanism, simulated tunnel structure, top loading mechanism, pore water pressure measuring mechanism, water pressure gauge and earth pressure gauge, it can simulate the influence of tidal effects on water and soil pressure in submarine shield tunnels, as well as the depth of tidal influence on pore water pressure in the overlying strata.

[0036] 2. By replacing the soil in the silo structure, the present invention can simulate the depth of pore water pressure in the overlying strata of the shield tunnel and the influence of tidal action on the water and soil pressure of the high-pressure submarine shield tunnel under different stratum conditions.

[0037] 3. By adjusting the height of the simulated tunnel structure within the silo structure or the thickness of the soil inside the silo structure, the present invention can simulate the influence of tidal effects on the water and soil pressure of submarine shield tunnels and the depth of influence of tidal effects on the pore water pressure of the overlying strata at different burial depths. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 This is an overall front view of a device for testing water and soil pressure of a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is an overall right side view of a device for testing water and soil pressure of a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] The corresponding reference numerals in the figure are: 1 is a C-shaped workbench, 2 is a top oil cylinder, 3 is a pad, 4 is a top cover plate, 5 is a sealing gasket, 6 is a silo structure, 7 is a simulated tunnel structure, 8 is a threading pipe, 9 is a bracket, 10 is a hydraulic cylinder, 11 is a hydraulic pipeline, 12 is a piezometer, 13 is a water pressure gauge, 14 is a soil pressure gauge, and 15 is a control device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that, in the present application, the orientation or position relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only a relational word determined for the convenience of describing the structural relationship of the various parts or elements of the present application. It does not specifically refer to any part or element in the present application and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Moreover, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0044] In this application, terms such as "fixed connection," "connected," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly to mean a fixed connection, an integral connection, or a detachable connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary. The specific meanings of these terms in this application can be determined by those skilled in the art based on specific circumstances, and they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a test device for water and soil pressure of submarine shield tunnel under tidal action, which can simulate the law of water and soil pressure of submarine shield tunnel under tidal action and the depth of pore water pressure of overlying strata affected by tidal action. The device includes a C-type workbench 1, a sealing mechanism, a simulated tunnel structure 7, a top loading mechanism, a water pressure loading mechanism, a pore water pressure measuring mechanism, a water pressure gauge 13, an earth pressure gauge 14 and a control device 15; the C-type workbench 1 has a C-type opening, and the C-type workbench 1 is welded from steel plates, and the middle and lower parts provide an operating platform for the test; the sealing mechanism is located at the bottom of the C-type opening, and the sealing mechanism includes a silo structure 6 and a top cover plate 4 covering the silo structure 6, and a sealing gasket 5 is provided between the top cover plate 4 and the silo structure 6; the silo structure 6 is provided with a soil body simulating the characteristics of the stratum around the tunnel, and the top cover plate 4 is provided with a water inlet hole and a groove used as a water storage space; the simulated tunnel structure 7 is located at the silo structure 6 , which is used to simulate an undersea shield tunnel; the top loading mechanism is located at the top of the C-shaped opening, and the top loading mechanism applies a predetermined load to the sealing mechanism, and the upper and middle part of the C-shaped workbench 1 provides a reaction force for the displacement loading of the top loading mechanism; the water pressure loading mechanism is connected to the water inlet hole, and the water pressure loading mechanism is used to provide a simulated tidal load; the pore water pressure measuring mechanism is arranged in the silo structure 6, and the pore water pressure measuring mechanism is used to measure the pore water pressure of soil layers at different heights of the soil body; the water pressure gauge 13 and the earth pressure gauge 14 are arranged on the outer surface of the simulated tunnel structure 7, the water pressure gauge 13 is used to measure the water pressure load around the simulated tunnel structure 7, and the earth pressure gauge 14 is used to measure the earth pressure load around the simulated tunnel structure 7; the control device 15 is connected to the top loading mechanism, the water pressure loading mechanism, the pore water pressure measuring mechanism, the water pressure gauge 13 and the earth pressure gauge 14 respectively, and the control device 15 controls the water pressure loading mechanism to realize automatic water pressure loading, which can simulate the effect of tidal load.

[0046] In some embodiments, the top cover plate 4 and the lower silo structure 6 of the sealing mechanism are both made of steel. The top cover plate 4 has an annular groove on the outer periphery, and the lower silo structure 6 also has an annular groove on the upper outer periphery for pasting the sealing gasket 5. Exemplarily, the sealing gasket 5 is an EPDM rubber sealing gasket; the space inside the silo structure 6 is used to fill with simulated soil; the middle groove on the top of the top cover plate 4 is used as a water storage space to simulate the water pressure load of tidal seawater; the top cover plate 4 is also reserved with an air vent, which can prevent the existence of air pressure in the water storage space, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0047] In some embodiments, the hydraulic loading mechanism includes a hydraulic pipeline 11 and a hydraulic cylinder 10. One end of the hydraulic pipeline 11 is connected to the water inlet; the hydraulic cylinder 10 is connected to the other end of the hydraulic pipeline 11 to provide loading water pressure.

[0048] In some embodiments, the control device 15 controls the hydraulic cylinder 10 to apply a water pressure fluctuation load according to a predetermined tidal fluctuation pattern. Specifically, the tidal load simulation is achieved by varying the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 10. This is achieved by servo-controlling the hydraulic cylinder (i.e., the hydraulic cylinder 10), adjusting the direction of the hydraulic cylinder's movement, and driving the hydraulic cylinder's piston plate to compress the liquid to generate a predetermined water pressure, thereby providing a tidal-varying water pressure load.

[0049] In some embodiments, the top-loading mechanism includes four top cylinders 2 and a backing plate 3 positioned below the top cylinders 2. The four top cylinders 2 are used to apply a predetermined load to the sealing gasket 5. The upper portion of the opening of the C-shaped workbench 1 is welded to the top cylinders 2 to provide support for the top cylinders 2. The applied top load applies pressure to the sealing gasket 5, sealing the water (high-pressure water) in the groove of the top cover plate 4. The magnitude of the top load depends on the type and size of the selected sealing gasket 5 and can be determined using conventional sealing gasket testing.

[0050] In some embodiments, the pore water pressure measuring mechanism includes a threading tube 8, multiple brackets 9 and multiple piezometers 12. The threading tube 8 passes through the top loading mechanism and the top cover plate 4 in sequence and is vertically inserted into the silo structure 6. One end of the threading tube 8 is located at the top of the simulated tunnel structure 7, and the other end is located at the top of the silo structure 6. For example, the threading tube 8 is a threading steel tube and the bracket 9 is a steel bracket. Multiple brackets 9 are fixed on the threading tube 8 along the length direction of the threading tube 8. The bracket 9 is located inside the silo structure 6 and is used to fix the threading tube 8. Multiple piezometers 12 are respectively fixed on the threading tube 8. For example, the piezometers 12 are tied to the threading tube 8 by ropes. The piezometers 12 are used to measure the pore water pressure at the corresponding position. A pressure measuring hole is reserved on the top cover plate 4. The line of the piezometer 12 passes through the threading tube 8 and is led out from the top cover plate 4 through the pressure measuring hole.

[0051] The number of piezometers 12 is determined according to the thickness of the simulated test soil layer, and one piezometer 12 can be set at a certain interval. In some embodiments, multiple piezometers 12 are evenly distributed from the top of the silo structure 6 to the top of the simulated tunnel structure 7, and one piezometer 12 can be set at intervals of 0.5m.

[0052] For example, the threading pipe 8 is a φ50 stainless steel pipe, extending from the top of the silo structure 6 to the top of the simulated tunnel structure 7. No piezometers 12 are provided at the upper and lower end points of the threading pipe 8, and it is fixed with three horizontal steel brackets. The steel brackets and the steel pipes, and the steel brackets and the inner surface of the silo structure 6 are all fixed by welding; the pore water pressure measuring mechanism includes 5 piezometers 12, and the 5 piezometers 12 are evenly arranged along the height direction on the threading pipe 8 inside the silo structure 6.

[0053] In some embodiments, the simulated tunnel structure 7 is a cylindrical concrete shell. For example, the simulated tunnel structure 7 is circular with a radius of 0.3 m and is made of C60 concrete with a waterproof rating of no less than P12. The simulated tunnel structure 7 can be located at the very bottom of the silo structure 6 or at another height depending on the test requirements.

[0054] In some embodiments, the soil is a similar material prepared in a certain proportion using quartz sand, barite powder, talcum powder, cement, vaseline, silicone oil and water according to the physical and mechanical properties and permeability characteristics of the original soil layer.

[0055] Specifically, the permeability coefficient of the soil is mainly adjusted by the ratio of vaseline and silicone oil; the permeability coefficient similarity scale C K 、Geometric similarity scale C L Similar to bulk density scale C γ The similarity relationship between them is:

[0056]

[0057] The control device 15 serves as an automated operating mechanism, which may include a desk and a computer. Various test parameters may be set on the computer to achieve automated operation.

[0058] The device provided by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention adjusts the water pressure loading mechanism through a control device to realize the simulation of tidal load. Through the mutual coordination between the sealing mechanism, the simulated tunnel structure, the top loading mechanism, the pore water pressure measuring mechanism, the water pressure gauge and the earth pressure gauge, it can simulate the shield tunnel under different formation conditions, the law of the influence of the surrounding soil pressure and the water pressure load on the segment structure under the action of sea tides, and the depth of the pore water pressure of the overlying stratum of the submarine shield tunnel under the influence of tides, so as to reasonably determine the load of the submarine shield tunnel under the action of tides.

[0059] Based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing water and soil pressure in a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action, which is implemented using the above-mentioned device for testing water and soil pressure in a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action. The method includes:

[0060] S1. Place the simulated tunnel structure in the silo structure and install a pore water pressure measurement mechanism in the silo structure. For example, the pore water pressure measurement mechanism includes five piezometers. A water pressure gauge and an earth pressure gauge are laid on the outer surface of the simulated tunnel structure and fixed to the outer surface of the simulated tunnel structure.

[0061] S2. Place soil into the lower silo structure. The soil is the original soil of the research object or the material prepared through similar experiments.

[0062] S3. Paste the sealing gasket into the annular groove between the top cover and the silo structure, and place the top cover on top of the silo structure;

[0063] S4. Adjust the top loading mechanism to apply a predetermined load to the sealing mechanism;

[0064] S5. After the hydraulic pipeline is connected, the hydraulic cylinder is started, and the hydraulic pressure is gradually increased to a predetermined water pressure through the hydraulic loading mechanism. The predetermined water pressure corresponds to the water pressure under normal conditions, that is, the water pressure is increased to the static water level when there is no tide.

[0065] S6. Control the water pressure loading mechanism through the control device to apply water pressure fluctuation load according to the proposed tidal fluctuation pattern to simulate the tidal load effect, record the measurement values ​​of the piezometer, water pressure gauge and earth pressure gauge of the pore water pressure measuring mechanism in real time, measure the real-time water and soil pressure at each monitoring location respectively, and analyze the test data through the control device to obtain the pattern of how the water and soil pressure of the submarine shield tunnel are affected by the sea tide, as well as the depth at which the pore water pressure in the overlying stratum is affected by the tide.

[0066] Taking into account the influence of stratum characteristics, in a further embodiment, the above method also includes: replacing the soil in the silo structure, repeating the test, and obtaining the law of the influence of tidal action on the water and soil pressure of the submarine shield tunnel and the depth of the influence of tidal action on the pore water pressure of the overlying stratum under different stratum conditions.

[0067] In a further embodiment, the above method also includes: adjusting the height of the simulated tunnel structure in the silo structure, repeating the test, and obtaining the law of the influence of tidal action on the water and soil pressure of the submarine shield tunnel and the depth of the influence of tidal action on the pore water pressure of the overlying stratum at different burial depths.

[0068] In some other embodiments, by changing the thickness of the soil inside the silo structure, the influence of tidal effects on the water and soil pressure of the submarine shield tunnel and the depth of influence of tidal effects on the pore water pressure of the overlying strata at different burial depths can be obtained.

[0069] In the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the water pressure loading mechanism is adjusted by a control device to realize the simulation of tidal load. Through the mutual coordination between the sealing mechanism, the simulated tunnel structure, the top loading mechanism, the pore water pressure measuring mechanism, the water pressure gauge and the earth pressure gauge, it is possible to simulate the law of the influence of tidal action on the water and soil pressure in the submarine shield tunnel, as well as the depth of the pore water pressure in the overlying stratum affected by the tidal action.

[0070] By replacing the soil within the silo structure, the above-described embodiments of the present invention can simulate the pore water pressure in the strata overlying a shield tunnel and the depth to which tidal influences affect water and soil pressure in a high-pressure submarine shield tunnel under different ground conditions. By adjusting the height of the simulated tunnel structure within the silo structure or the thickness of the soil, the effects of tidal influences on water and soil pressure in submarine shield tunnels and the depth to which tidal influences affect pore water pressure in the overlying strata can be simulated at different burial depths.

[0071] The above describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims without affecting the essence of the present invention. The above preferred features may be used in any combination as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Claims

1. A device for testing water and soil pressure of submarine shield tunnels under tidal action, characterized in that: include: A C-shaped workbench having a C-shaped opening; a sealing mechanism located at the bottom of the C-shaped opening, the sealing mechanism comprising a silo structure and a top cover plate disposed above the silo structure, a sealing gasket disposed between the top cover plate and the silo structure; soil simulating the stratum characteristics surrounding the tunnel is disposed within the silo structure, and the top cover plate is provided with a water inlet hole and a groove serving as a water storage space; A simulated tunnel structure, located inside the silo structure, for simulating a submarine shield tunnel; a top loading mechanism, located at the top of the C-shaped opening, the top loading mechanism applying a predetermined load to the sealing mechanism; a hydraulic loading mechanism connected to the water inlet, the hydraulic loading mechanism being used to provide a simulated tidal load; A pore water pressure measuring mechanism is provided in the silo structure, and is used to measure the pore water pressure of soil layers at different heights of the soil mass; A water pressure gauge and an earth pressure gauge are provided on the outer surface of the simulated tunnel structure, wherein the water pressure gauge is used to measure the water pressure load around the simulated tunnel structure, and the earth pressure gauge is used to measure the earth pressure load around the simulated tunnel structure; A control device is respectively connected to the top loading mechanism, the water pressure loading mechanism, the pore water pressure measuring mechanism, the water pressure gauge and the soil pressure gauge.

2. The water and soil pressure test device for submarine shield tunnels under tidal action according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water pressure loading mechanism comprises: a water pressure pipeline, one end of which is connected to the water inlet; The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the other end of the hydraulic pipeline and is used to provide loading water pressure.

3. The water and soil pressure test device for submarine shield tunnels under tidal action according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The control device controls the hydraulic cylinder to apply the water pressure fluctuation load according to the proposed tidal fluctuation law.

4. The water and soil pressure test device for submarine shield tunnels under tidal action according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pore water pressure measuring mechanism comprises: a wire threading tube, passing through the top loading mechanism and the top cover in sequence and vertically inserted into the interior of the silo structure, with one end of the wire threading tube being located at the top of the simulated tunnel structure; a plurality of brackets fixed to the threading tube along the length of the threading tube, the brackets being located inside the silo structure; A plurality of piezometers are respectively fixed on the threading pipes, and the piezometers are used to measure the pore water pressure at corresponding positions.

5. The water and soil pressure test device for submarine shield tunnels under tidal action according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The plurality of piezometers are evenly distributed from the top of the soil in the silo structure to the top of the simulated tunnel structure.

6. The water and soil pressure test device for submarine shield tunnels under tidal action according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The simulated tunnel structure is a cylindrical concrete shell.

7. The water and soil pressure test device for submarine shield tunnels under tidal action according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soil is a similar material prepared according to the physical and mechanical properties and permeability characteristics of the original soil layer.

8. A method for testing water and soil pressure of a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action, characterized in that: The method is implemented using the device for testing water and soil pressure of a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the method comprises: Place the simulated tunnel structure in the silo structure, install a pore water pressure measurement mechanism in the silo structure, and lay water pressure gauges and earth pressure gauges on the outer surface of the simulated tunnel structure; Place soil into the silo structure; Stick the sealing gasket between the top cover and the silo structure, and place the top cover on top of the silo structure; Adjust the top loading mechanism to apply a predetermined load to the sealing mechanism; Loading the water pressure to a predetermined water pressure through a water pressure loading mechanism; The control device controls the water pressure loading mechanism to apply water pressure fluctuation load according to the predetermined tidal fluctuation law, and records the measurement values ​​of the pore water pressure measuring mechanism, water pressure gauge and earth pressure gauge in real time to obtain the law of the influence of tides on water and soil pressure in the submarine shield tunnel, as well as the depth of the pore water pressure in the overlying stratum affected by tides.

9. The method for testing water and soil pressure of a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: By replacing the soil inside the silo structure and repeating the test, we were able to determine the influence of tidal action on the water and soil pressure in submarine shield tunnels and the depth of influence of tidal action on the pore water pressure in the overlying strata under different stratum conditions.

10. The method for testing water and soil pressure of a submarine shield tunnel under tidal action according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: By adjusting the height of the simulated tunnel structure within the silo structure or the thickness of the soil inside the silo structure and repeating the test, we can obtain the influence of tidal effects on the water and soil pressure of the submarine shield tunnel and the depth of influence of tidal effects on the pore water pressure of the overlying strata at different burial depths.

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