A method and system for detecting defects in a nuclear power plant

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of nuclear power plant defect detection method and detection system, method includes: the surface of nuclear power equipment is detected, to screen out the region to be detected with defect opening;Surface of the region to be detected is detected using penetration detection method, to obtain surface detection information;The inside of the region to be detected is detected using ultrasonic detection method, to obtain internal detection information;According to surface detection information, confirm the position of surface defect, record the initial appearance of surface defect;Surface defect is polished and polished, and the macroscopic, microscopic appearance of surface defect is recorded;Initial appearance and macroscopic, microscopic appearance are integrated to obtain surface defect information;According to internal detection information, confirm the position of internal defect, the position of internal defect is polished and polished and internal defect is exposed, and the macroscopic, microscopic appearance of internal defect is recorded, to obtain internal defect information.The present application can accurately measure the size, shape, distribution position and type of defect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear power equipment defect detection, and in particular to a method and system for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment. Background Technology

[0002] During installation, operation, and maintenance, nuclear power equipment is subject to factors such as stress, radiation, and environmental media, resulting in defects such as craters, surface cracks, and internal cracks. The size, shape, and type of these defects have a crucial impact on the material properties and performance of the nuclear power equipment. To improve the safety and reliability of nuclear power equipment and control the impact of harmful defects, it is essential to accurately measure, characterize, and classify the size, shape, and type of these defects to meet the operational requirements for nuclear safety. Currently, the detection of defects in nuclear power equipment remains at the stage of manual visual inspection and measurement using steel tape measures, which cannot meet the requirements for nuclear equipment inspection. Therefore, there is room for improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment, so as to solve the problem that the detection methods for defects in nuclear power equipment in the prior art still need to be improved.

[0004] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides a method for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment, the method comprising:

[0005] The surface of nuclear power equipment is inspected to identify areas with defective openings for further inspection.

[0006] The surface of the area to be tested is detected using a penetrant testing method to obtain surface detection information; the interior of the area to be tested is detected using an ultrasonic testing method to obtain interior detection information.

[0007] The location of the surface defect is confirmed based on the surface detection information, and the initial morphology of the surface defect is recorded; the surface defect is polished, and the macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of the surface defect are recorded; the initial morphology and the macroscopic and microscopic morphologies are integrated to obtain the surface defect information;

[0008] The location of the internal defect is confirmed based on the internal detection information. The location of the internal defect is then polished to expose the internal defect. The macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the internal defect is recorded to obtain the internal defect information.

[0009] Defect information is obtained based on the surface defect information and / or the internal defect information.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of detecting the surface of the area to be detected using a penetrant testing method to obtain surface detection information includes:

[0011] The material of the area to be tested is detected to determine the material information:

[0012] When the material information is a non-magnetic material, the surface of the area to be tested is detected using a penetrant testing method to obtain surface detection information;

[0013] When the material information is magnetic, the surface of the area to be tested is detected using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method to obtain surface detection information.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of grinding and polishing the surface defect and recording the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the surface defect includes:

[0015] According to the preset first grinding amount, the surface defects are ground and polished multiple times until the surface defects disappear, and after each grinding and polishing, the intermediate polishing morphology on the corresponding polished surface is obtained.

[0016] Macroscopic and microscopic morphologies are obtained based on all the intermediate polishing morphologies described.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of repeatedly polishing the surface defect according to a preset first polishing amount until the surface defect disappears, and obtaining an intermediate polished morphology on the corresponding polished surface after each polishing, includes:

[0018] The surface defect is polished according to a preset first polishing amount to obtain a polished surface of the surface defect. An intermediate polished morphology is obtained on this polished surface, and it is determined whether the surface defect has disappeared.

[0019] Stop polishing when the surface defects disappear;

[0020] If the surface defect does not disappear, the surface defect is polished repeatedly according to the first polishing amount until the surface defect disappears. After each polishing, a polished surface of the surface defect is obtained, and an intermediate polished morphology is obtained on the polished surface.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of grinding and polishing the location of the internal defect to expose the internal defect includes:

[0022] According to the preset second grinding amount, the location of the internal defect is ground and polished multiple times to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect. After each grinding and polishing, the polished surface is inspected using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method until the internal defect is exposed at the location of the internal defect.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of repeatedly polishing the location of the internal defect according to a preset second polishing amount to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect, and after each polishing, using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method to inspect the polished surface until the internal defect is exposed at the location of the internal defect, includes:

[0024] According to the preset second grinding amount, the location of the internal defect is ground and polished to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect. Magnetic particle testing or penetrant testing is then used to inspect this polished surface and determine whether the internal defect is exposed.

[0025] Detection is stopped when the location of the internal defect becomes apparent.

[0026] When the internal defect is not exposed, the internal defect is polished repeatedly according to the second polishing amount to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect. After each polishing, the polished surface is inspected using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method until the internal defect is exposed at the location of the internal defect.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the step of exposing the internal defect in the region to be detected, the method includes:

[0028] Record the initial morphology of the internal defects;

[0029] According to the preset third grinding amount, the internal defects are ground and polished multiple times until the internal defects disappear, and after each grinding and polishing, the intermediate polishing morphology on the corresponding polished surface is obtained.

[0030] Macroscopic and microscopic morphologies are obtained based on all the intermediate polishing morphologies described.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of recording the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the surface defects includes:

[0032] The surface defects are detected, and their macroscopic morphological characteristics are recorded.

[0033] Based on the metallographic replication process, the surface defects are subjected to metallographic detection, and the microscopic morphological characteristics of the surface defects are recorded.

[0034] The macroscopic and microscopic morphological features are combined to obtain macroscopic and microscopic morphologies.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of confirming the location of the internal defect based on the internal detection information, polishing the location of the internal defect to expose the internal defect includes:

[0036] The location of the internal defect is confirmed based on the internal detection information, and the location of the surface defect is compared with the location of the internal defect:

[0037] When the surface defect corresponds to the location of the internal defect, after recording the initial morphology and macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the surface defect, the area to be detected is polished to expose the internal defect.

[0038] When the location of the internal defect does not correspond to the surface defect, the area to be inspected is polished to expose the internal defect.

[0039] The present invention also proposes a detection system for defects in nuclear power equipment, the system comprising:

[0040] Cameras are used to inspect the surfaces of nuclear power equipment;

[0041] The detection unit is used to detect the surface of the area to be detected using a penetrant testing method to obtain surface detection information; and to detect the interior of the area to be detected using an ultrasonic testing method to obtain interior detection information.

[0042] A grinding and polishing unit is used to grind and polish the surface defects, and to grind and polish the location of the internal defects to expose the internal defects;

[0043] The processing unit is configured to: filter out areas with defect openings to be inspected based on the detection results of the camera on the surface of the nuclear power equipment; confirm the location of surface defects according to the surface detection information and record the initial morphology of the surface defects; record the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the surface defects after the grinding and polishing unit grinds and polishes the surface defects; and integrate the initial morphology and the macroscopic and microscopic morphology to obtain the surface defect information.

[0044] The processing unit is also used to confirm the location of the internal defect based on the internal detection information, and after the grinding and polishing unit grinds and polishes the location of the internal defect and exposes the internal defect, it records the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the internal defect to obtain the internal defect information.

[0045] The processing unit is further configured to obtain defect information based on the surface defect information and / or the internal defect information.

[0046] As described above, the nuclear power equipment defect detection method and system of the present invention can effectively measure, characterize and qualitatively determine the size, shape, distribution location and type of defects, which helps to analyze the causes of defects. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of bending defects on nuclear power equipment in the prior art.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a bifurcation defect on a nuclear power plant in the prior art.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a wire mesh defect in existing nuclear power equipment.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a method for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of a nuclear power equipment defect detection system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features described therein can be combined with each other.

[0053] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0054] In the following description, numerous details are explored to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring embodiments of the invention.

[0055] Please see Figures 1 to 5 This invention proposes a method and system for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment, which can be applied to the field of nuclear power equipment defect detection, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this invention can accurately measure, characterize, and classify the size, shape, distribution location, and type of surface and internal defects in nuclear power equipment. This helps to analyze the causes of surface and internal defects, thereby enabling the formulation of corresponding improvement measures and methods to achieve the safe and reliable operation of nuclear power equipment.

[0056] Please see Figure 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment, which may include the following steps.

[0057] Step S10: Inspect the surface of the nuclear power equipment to screen out areas with defective openings to be inspected.

[0058] Step S20: Use penetrant testing to test the surface of the area to be tested and obtain surface testing information; use ultrasonic testing to test the interior of the area to be tested and obtain interior testing information.

[0059] Step S30: Confirm the location of surface defects based on surface inspection information and record the initial morphology of surface defects; polish the surface defects and record the macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of surface defects; integrate the initial morphology and macroscopic and microscopic morphologies to obtain surface defect information.

[0060] Step S40: Confirm the location of the internal defect based on the internal inspection information, polish the location of the internal defect to expose the internal defect, record the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the internal defect, and obtain the internal defect information.

[0061] Step S50: Obtain defect information based on surface defect information and / or internal defect information.

[0062] The steps described above will be explained in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0063] Step S10: Inspect the surface of the nuclear power equipment to screen out areas with defective openings to be inspected.

[0064] Specifically, a preliminary assessment of surface defects in nuclear power equipment can be made by observing the area to be inspected using a camera. This observation information indicates whether there are defect openings on the surface of the area to be inspected. For example, a preliminary observation of surface defects can be conducted on the weld seams or base material areas of the metal materials in nuclear power equipment. Based on on-site traces and other characteristics, the location and extent of surface defects can be determined, and the opening status of the surface defects can be obtained.

[0065] Step S20: Use penetrant testing to test the surface of the area to be tested and obtain surface testing information; use ultrasonic testing to test the interior of the area to be tested and obtain interior testing information.

[0066] Specifically, the observation information is initially detected by the camera and can only identify surface defects. Therefore, based on the observation information, penetrant testing can be used to inspect the surface of the area to be inspected, obtaining surface inspection information. Surface inspection information can reflect the location of surface defects, but the specific morphological information of the surface defects still needs further inspection.

[0067] Furthermore, to detect internal defects in nuclear power equipment, ultrasonic testing can be used to examine the interior of the area to be inspected, obtaining internal inspection information. This information can reveal the location of internal defects, but their specific morphological details still require further investigation.

[0068] Step S30: Confirm the location of surface defects based on surface inspection information and record the initial morphology of surface defects; polish the surface defects and record the macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of surface defects; integrate the initial morphology and macroscopic and microscopic morphologies to obtain surface defect information.

[0069] Specifically, the location of surface defects is confirmed based on surface inspection information, and the initial morphology of the surface defects is recorded. To more accurately understand the morphological information of the surface defects and analyze their formation causes, the surface defects can be polished, and the polished morphology of the surface defects is recorded. The polished morphology of the surface defects corresponds to the morphological information of the surface defects after multiple polishing processes. The initial morphology and the polished morphology are integrated to obtain the surface defect information.

[0070] Step S40: Confirm the location of the internal defect based on the internal inspection information, polish the location of the internal defect to expose the internal defect, record the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the internal defect, and obtain the internal defect information.

[0071] Specifically, since internal defects exist inside nuclear power equipment, the area to be inspected needs to be polished to expose the internal defects. Then, the polished morphology of the internal defects can be recorded to obtain internal defect information. The polished morphology of the internal defects corresponds to the morphology information of the internal defects after multiple polishing processes.

[0072] Step S50: Obtain defect information based on surface defect information and / or internal defect information.

[0073] Please see Figure 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, step S20, which involves using a penetrant detection method to detect the surface of the area to be detected and obtain surface detection information, may include steps S210, S220 and S230.

[0074] Step S210: Detect the material of the area to be tested and determine the material information.

[0075] Step S220: When the material information is non-magnetic, the surface of the area to be tested is tested using the penetrant testing method to obtain surface testing information.

[0076] Specifically, if the equipment material is austenitic stainless steel (non-magnetic material), according to NB / T 47013.5-2015 "Non-destructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 5: Penetrant testing" or related standards, conventional penetrant testing methods are used to test the surface of the area to be tested and display relevant defect information, and mark and record it.

[0077] Step S230: When the material information is magnetic material, the surface of the area to be tested is tested using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method to obtain surface testing information.

[0078] Specifically, if the equipment material is non-austenitic stainless steel (including magnetic materials), then according to NB / T 47013.4-2015 "Non-destructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 4: Magnetic Particle Testing" or related standards, conventional magnetic particle testing methods should be used to inspect and display relevant defects on the surface of the area to be tested, and these defects should be marked and recorded. If the size of the components of the nuclear power equipment does not meet the conditions for magnetic particle testing, conventional penetrant testing methods can also be used.

[0079] Please see Figure 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, step S30, which involves grinding and polishing the surface defects and recording the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the surface defects, includes steps S310 and S320.

[0080] Step S301: According to the first grinding amount, the surface defects are ground and polished multiple times until the surface defects disappear, and after each grinding and polishing, the intermediate polishing morphology on the corresponding polished surface is obtained.

[0081] Step S302: Obtain macroscopic and microscopic morphologies based on all intermediate polishing morphologies.

[0082] Specifically, for surface defects, grinding and polishing can be used, followed by etching with appropriate etchants to obtain the defect morphology characteristics. For example, metallographic examination etching methods can be implemented according to GB / T-13298-2015 "Metallic Microstructure Examination Methods" or relevant standards. Afterwards, tools such as rulers, cameras, and portable stereomicroscopes are selected as needed to check and record the distribution location, size, and macroscopic morphological characteristics of surface defects.

[0083] Specifically, step S301 may also include steps S3010, S3011 and S3012.

[0084] Step S3010: Polish the surface defect according to the preset first polishing amount to obtain the polished surface of the surface defect. Obtain the intermediate polished morphology on the polished surface and determine whether the surface defect has disappeared.

[0085] Step S3011: Stop polishing when the surface defects disappear.

[0086] Step S3012: When the surface defect has not disappeared, repeat the grinding and polishing process according to the first grinding amount until the surface defect disappears. After each grinding and polishing, a polished surface of the surface defect is obtained, and an intermediate polished morphology is obtained on the polished surface.

[0087] Please see Figure 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, step S40, which involves grinding and polishing the location of the internal defect to expose the internal defect, includes step S410.

[0088] Step S410: According to the preset second grinding amount, the location of the internal defect is ground and polished multiple times to obtain the polished surface of the area to be inspected. After each grinding and polishing, the polished surface is inspected using magnetic particle testing or penetrant testing until the internal defect of the area to be inspected is exposed.

[0089] Specifically, based on the location of internal defects recorded by ultrasonic testing, an angle grinder is used to grind layer by layer until the internal defects are exposed. To ensure that internal defects are not ground away, the amount of grinding each time should not be too large, and penetrant / magnetic particle testing can be performed after each grinding. If the defect is shown, it means that the internal defect has been exposed.

[0090] Specifically, step S410 may also include steps S4101, S4102 and S4103.

[0091] Step S4101: Polish the location of the internal defect according to the preset second polishing amount to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect. Use magnetic particle testing or penetrant testing to test the polished surface and determine whether the location of the internal defect is exposed.

[0092] Step S4102: Stop the inspection when the location of the internal defect is revealed.

[0093] Step S4103: When the internal defect is not exposed, repeat the second grinding amount to grind and polish the internal defect location to obtain a polished surface at the internal defect location. After each grinding and polishing, use magnetic particle testing or penetrant testing to test the polished surface until the internal defect is exposed.

[0094] Please see Figure 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, after step S430, in which the internal defects of the area to be detected are exposed, steps S440, S450 and S460 are included.

[0095] Step S440: Record the initial morphology of the internal defects.

[0096] Step S450 involves grinding and polishing the internal defects multiple times according to the third grinding amount until the internal defects disappear, and after each grinding and polishing, the intermediate polishing morphology on the corresponding polished surface is obtained.

[0097] Step S460: Obtain macroscopic and microscopic morphologies based on all intermediate polishing morphologies.

[0098] Specifically, for internal defects, grinding and polishing can be used, followed by etching with a suitable etchant to obtain the defect morphology. Then, depending on the requirements, tools such as rulers, cameras, and portable stereomicroscopes are selected to inspect and record the distribution, size, and macroscopic morphological characteristics of the internal defects.

[0099] Please see Figure 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of recording the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of surface defects in step S30 may include steps S311, S312 and S313.

[0100] Step S311: Select a ruler, camera, and portable stereomicroscope to inspect surface defects and record the macroscopic morphological characteristics of the surface defects.

[0101] Step S312: Based on the metallographic replication process, select an optical microscope and / or a scanning electron microscope to detect surface defects and record the microscopic morphological characteristics of the surface defects.

[0102] Step S313: Integrate the macroscopic and microscopic morphological features to obtain the macroscopic and microscopic morphological features.

[0103] Specifically, based on the macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics of surface / internal defects, including their distribution location, macroscopic morphology, microstructure, and material properties, the nature and cause of the defects are comprehensively determined. For example, for welding defects, it is necessary to confirm whether the defect is located in the weld or the heat-affected zone, whether it is a linear or point defect, and the number and length of the defects, thereby determining the nature of the defect as a welding crack (including hot cracks, reheat cracks, and cold cracks), lack of fusion, porosity, or slag inclusion.

[0104] Please see Figure 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, step S40, which involves confirming the location of an internal defect based on internal detection information, grinding and polishing the location of the internal defect to expose the internal defect, includes steps S401, S402, and S403.

[0105] Step S401: Confirm the location of the internal defect based on the internal inspection information, and compare the location of the surface defect with the location of the internal defect.

[0106] Step S402: When there is a surface defect on the outside of the location of the internal defect, record the initial morphology and macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the surface defect, and then polish the area to be inspected to expose the internal defect.

[0107] Step S403: When there is no corresponding surface defect on the outside of the location of the internal defect, the area to be inspected is polished to expose the internal defect.

[0108] Specifically, if a location in the area to be inspected contains only surface defects, the initial morphology and polished morphology corresponding to the surface defect can be obtained, and surface defect information can be obtained. If a location in the area to be inspected contains only internal defects, the polished morphology corresponding to the internal defect can be obtained, and internal defect information can be obtained. If a location in the area to be inspected contains both surface and internal defects, the surface defect information of the surface defects can be obtained first, and then the internal defect information of the internal defects can be obtained.

[0109] Please see Figure 5 In one embodiment of the present invention, a nuclear power equipment defect detection system may be proposed, including a camera 110, a detection unit 120, a grinding and polishing unit 130, and a processing unit 140.

[0110] Camera 110 is used to inspect the surface of nuclear power equipment.

[0111] The detection unit 120 is used to detect the surface of the area to be detected using a penetrant testing method to obtain surface detection information; and to detect the interior of the area to be detected using an ultrasonic testing method to obtain interior detection information.

[0112] The grinding and polishing unit 130 is used to grind and polish surface defects, as well as to grind and polish the location of internal defects and expose the internal defects.

[0113] The processing unit 140 is used to screen out areas with defect openings to be inspected based on the inspection of the nuclear power equipment surface by the camera 110; to confirm the location of surface defects based on surface inspection information and record the initial morphology of surface defects; to record the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of surface defects after the surface defects are polished by the polishing unit 130; and to integrate the initial morphology and macroscopic and microscopic morphology to obtain surface defect information.

[0114] The processing unit 140 is also used to confirm the location of the internal defect based on the internal detection information. After the grinding and polishing unit 130 grinds and polishes the location of the internal defect and exposes the internal defect, it records the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the internal defect to obtain the internal defect information.

[0115] The processing unit 140 is also used to obtain defect information based on surface defect information and / or internal defect information.

[0116] In summary, the method and system for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment disclosed in this invention can effectively and accurately measure, characterize, and qualitatively determine the size, shape, distribution location, and type of defects, which helps in analyzing the causes of defects. Therefore, this invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial application value.

[0117] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment, characterized in that, The method includes: The surface of nuclear power equipment is inspected to identify areas with defective openings for further inspection. The surface of the area to be tested is detected using a penetrant testing method to obtain surface detection information; the interior of the area to be tested is detected using an ultrasonic testing method to obtain interior detection information. The location of the surface defect is confirmed based on the surface detection information, and the initial morphology of the surface defect is recorded; the surface defect is polished, and the macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of the surface defect are recorded; the initial morphology and the macroscopic and microscopic morphologies are integrated to obtain the surface defect information; The location of the internal defect is confirmed based on the internal detection information. The location of the internal defect is then polished to expose the internal defect. The macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the internal defect is recorded to obtain the internal defect information. Defect information is obtained based on the surface defect information and / or the internal defect information; The step of grinding and polishing the location of the internal defect to expose the internal defect includes: According to the preset second grinding amount, the location of the internal defect is ground and polished multiple times to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect. After each grinding and polishing, the polished surface is tested using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method until the internal defect is exposed at the location of the internal defect. The step of repeatedly polishing the location of the internal defect according to a preset second polishing amount to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect, and then inspecting the polished surface using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method after each polishing until the internal defect is exposed at the location of the internal defect, includes: According to the preset second grinding amount, the location of the internal defect is ground and polished to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect. Magnetic particle testing or penetrant testing is then used to inspect this polished surface and determine whether the internal defect is exposed. Detection is stopped when the location of the internal defect becomes apparent. When the internal defect is not exposed, the internal defect is polished repeatedly according to the second polishing amount to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect. After each polishing, the polished surface is inspected using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method until the internal defect is exposed at the location of the internal defect.

2. The method for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of using a penetrant testing method to detect the surface of the area to be tested and obtaining surface detection information includes: The material of the area to be tested is detected to determine the material information: When the material information is a non-magnetic material, the surface of the area to be tested is detected using a penetrant testing method to obtain surface detection information; When the material information is magnetic, the surface of the area to be tested is detected using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method to obtain surface detection information.

3. The method for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of grinding and polishing the surface defects and recording the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the surface defects include: According to the preset first grinding amount, the surface defects are ground and polished multiple times until the surface defects disappear, and after each grinding and polishing, the intermediate polishing morphology on the corresponding polished surface is obtained. Macroscopic and microscopic morphologies are obtained based on all the intermediate polishing morphologies described.

4. The method for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of repeatedly polishing the surface defect according to a preset first polishing amount until the surface defect disappears, and obtaining the intermediate polishing morphology on the corresponding polished surface after each polishing, includes: The surface defect is polished according to a preset first polishing amount to obtain a polished surface of the surface defect. An intermediate polished morphology is obtained on this polished surface, and it is determined whether the surface defect has disappeared. Stop polishing when the surface defects disappear; If the surface defect does not disappear, the surface defect is polished repeatedly according to the first polishing amount until the surface defect disappears. After each polishing, a polished surface of the surface defect is obtained, and an intermediate polished morphology is obtained on the polished surface.

5. The method for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the step of revealing the internal defect in the area to be detected, the following steps are included: Record the initial morphology of the internal defects; According to the preset third grinding amount, the internal defects are ground and polished multiple times until the internal defects disappear, and after each grinding and polishing, the intermediate polishing morphology on the corresponding polished surface is obtained. Macroscopic and microscopic morphologies are obtained based on all the intermediate polishing morphologies described.

6. The method for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of recording the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the surface defects include: The surface defects are detected, and their macroscopic morphological characteristics are recorded. Based on the metallographic replication process, the surface defects are subjected to metallographic detection, and the microscopic morphological characteristics of the surface defects are recorded. The macroscopic and microscopic morphological features are combined to obtain macroscopic and microscopic morphologies.

7. The method for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of confirming the location of the internal defect based on the internal inspection information, and polishing the location of the internal defect to expose the internal defect includes: The location of the internal defect is confirmed based on the internal detection information, and the location of the surface defect is compared with the location of the internal defect: When the surface defect corresponds to the location of the internal defect, after recording the initial morphology and macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the surface defect, the area to be detected is polished to expose the internal defect. When the location of the internal defect does not correspond to the surface defect, the area to be inspected is polished to expose the internal defect.

8. A system for detecting defects in nuclear power equipment, characterized in that, The system includes: Cameras are used to inspect the surfaces of nuclear power equipment; The detection unit is used to detect the surface of the area to be detected using a penetrant testing method to obtain surface detection information; and to detect the interior of the area to be detected using an ultrasonic testing method to obtain interior detection information. A grinding and polishing unit is used to grind and polish the surface defects, and to grind and polish the location of the internal defects to expose the internal defects; The processing unit is configured to: filter out areas with defect openings to be inspected based on the detection results of the camera on the surface of the nuclear power equipment; confirm the location of surface defects according to the surface detection information and record the initial morphology of the surface defects; record the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the surface defects after the grinding and polishing unit grinds and polishes the surface defects; and integrate the initial morphology and the macroscopic and microscopic morphology to obtain the surface defect information. The processing unit is also used to confirm the location of the internal defect based on the internal detection information, and after the grinding and polishing unit grinds and polishes the location of the internal defect and exposes the internal defect, it records the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the internal defect to obtain the internal defect information. The processing unit is further configured to obtain defect information based on the surface defect information and / or the internal defect information; The step of grinding and polishing the location of the internal defect to expose the internal defect includes: According to the preset second grinding amount, the location of the internal defect is ground and polished multiple times to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect. After each grinding and polishing, the polished surface is tested using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method until the internal defect is exposed at the location of the internal defect. The step of repeatedly polishing the location of the internal defect according to a preset second polishing amount to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect, and then inspecting the polished surface using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method after each polishing until the internal defect is exposed at the location of the internal defect, includes: According to the preset second grinding amount, the location of the internal defect is ground and polished to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect. Magnetic particle testing or penetrant testing is then used to inspect this polished surface and determine whether the internal defect is exposed. Detection is stopped when the location of the internal defect becomes apparent. When the internal defect is not exposed, the internal defect is polished repeatedly according to the second polishing amount to obtain a polished surface at the location of the internal defect. After each polishing, the polished surface is inspected using a magnetic particle testing method or a penetrant testing method until the internal defect is exposed at the location of the internal defect.

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