A device and method for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device and method for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator. The device includes an electron gun, a solenoid, a target chamber, a Faraday cup, and a bracket. The electron gun is used to emit an electron beam, the solenoid is used to adjust the beam spot of the electron beam to achieve a desired size, and multiple windows are provided around the target chamber to connect multiple monitoring instruments for real-time monitoring of high beam power components in the accelerator. The interface size varies according to the different sizes of the multiple monitoring instruments to be connected. The Faraday cup is provided at the rear end of the target chamber and is used for measuring the electron beam intensity and monitoring the life of the accelerator components. The imported mounting structure and slide rail system make equipment maintenance easier and facilitate experimental operations. The present invention can perform offline testing of different accelerator components under high-power beam operating conditions, thereby greatly shortening the research and development cycle of the accelerator components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of accelerators, and in particular to a device and method for offline testing of high beam power components in accelerators. Background Art

[0002] In high-intensity particle accelerators, some components, such as nuclear reaction targets, stripping targets, beam waste bins, and plasma arc chambers, face severe heat deposition issues due to their operation under high-power beam bombardment. To verify the thermomechanical properties of these components, they must be tested before they are put into operation. However, due to the limited machine time of large-scale particle accelerators, it is impossible to meet the requirements of online testing of all components. To accelerate the testing process, it is necessary to develop offline testing equipment to test relevant accelerator components by simulating the power deposition under actual particle accelerator operating conditions. These components can then be optimized and improved based on the experimental results.

[0003] Based on the ease of electron beam generation, low cost, and precise control, this paper addresses the limitations of accelerator online testing experiments by proposing a high-beam-power electron beam testing device. This device precisely controls the beam power density and temporal structure at the target surface to achieve accurate equivalence to real-world operating conditions. It also integrates multiple interfaces to enable various real-time monitoring functions for test components, significantly shortening testing cycles and improving R&D efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to meet the offline testing needs of key components of high-power particle accelerators, to examine the thermal and mechanical properties of accelerator components through offline testing, and to further optimize the structure and performance of accelerator components based on this, or to evaluate the service performance of the components.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The electron beam power generated by the electron gun is equivalent to the thermal power experienced by the accelerator component during online operation. The electron beam energy and intensity are determined by the power deposited within the component during online operation. A solenoid is used to control the size of the electron beam spot impacting the component, which is determined by the online beam power density. With these settings, offline test conditions can more realistically simulate the operating conditions of the component under test during online operation.

[0007] A device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator, comprising:

[0008] Electron gun, used to emit electron beam;

[0009] a solenoid for adjusting the electron beam spot to a desired size;

[0010] The target chamber is located at the rear end of the solenoid and is cylindrical in shape. Multiple windows are provided around the target chamber to connect multiple monitoring instruments for real-time monitoring of high beam power components in the accelerator. The size of the interface varies according to the size of the multiple monitoring instruments to be connected;

[0011] Faraday cup: The Faraday cup is located at the rear end of the target chamber and is used to measure the electron beam intensity and monitor the life of accelerator components.

[0012] a bracket on which the electron gun, the solenoid, the target chamber and the Faraday cup are arranged;

[0013] The electron gun, solenoid, target chamber and Faraday cup are sequentially arranged along a first axis, wherein the electron gun, solenoid and Faraday cup are coaxially arranged along the first axis, and the target chamber extends along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis.

[0014] Preferably, the electron gun adopts a three-electrode structure of a hot cathode, a focusing electrode and an anode.

[0015] Preferably, a molecular pump and a high beam power component of the accelerator to be tested are installed on both sides of the target chamber respectively, and the high beam power component of the accelerator to be tested is installed in a linear introduction type or a rotation type.

[0016] Preferably, an electron beam spot imaging component such as a YAG screen is installed in the target chamber to achieve electron beam spot measurement.

[0017] Preferably, the Faraday cup can be used to determine whether a high beam power component in the accelerator is broken down by the electron beam by observing the change in current intensity in specific application scenarios such as thin target testing.

[0018] Preferably, the Faraday cup adopts a water cooling structure to prevent the high-power electron beam from causing the Faraday cup to be damaged by excessive temperature.

[0019] Preferably, the bracket is made of aluminum alloy.

[0020] Preferably, a slide rail is provided at the connection between the bracket and the electron gun.

[0021] Preferably, a slide rail is provided at the connection between the bracket and the target chamber to facilitate maintenance of the electron gun and enable the target chamber to be detached as required, so that the electron gun and beam line can be connected to other target chambers to meet more testing requirements.

[0022] A method for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator, comprising:

[0023] First, the beam intensity is measured and adjusted to the required size using a Faraday cup. Then, the YAG screen is inserted into the center of the beam. The solenoid is adjusted to make the beam spot reach the required size. Finally, the accelerator components are introduced into the center of the beam for thermal deposition experiments.

[0024] The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solution:

[0025] This invention enables more efficient offline testing of high-power beams on a variety of accelerator components. This device can determine various operating parameters of accelerator components and comprehensively evaluate their performance. Furthermore, accelerator components can be optimized and improved based on the experimental results, significantly shortening their R&D cycle.

[0026] The present invention uses an electron gun and a solenoid to flexibly adjust beam parameters and accurately control the beam spot size, and can simulate power deposition under various actual working conditions of a particle accelerator. The target chamber is compatible with various accelerator components, and has versatility and wide applicability.

[0027] The target chamber features multiple interfaces for installing a variety of test instruments based on experimental testing requirements. A water-cooled Faraday cup is designed at the rear end of the target chamber for flux measurement and accelerator component life monitoring. This design enables real-time monitoring capabilities, improving the accuracy and reliability of accelerator component testing.

[0028] The slide rail design, the imported design of the accelerator components and the modular structure make equipment maintenance and component replacement easier, facilitate experimental operations and improve experimental efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same components. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a device body for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator according to an embodiment of the present application; and

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] The symbols in the accompanying drawings represent the following:

[0033] 1: Electron gun

[0034] 2: Water-cooled solenoid

[0035] 3: First test instrument interface

[0036] 4: Second test instrument interface

[0037] 5: Third test instrument interface

[0038] 6: Fourth test instrument interface

[0039] 7: Turbomolecular pump

[0040] 8: Imported accelerator components

[0041] 9: Faraday cup with water cooling

[0042] 10: Aluminum alloy bracket

[0043] 11: Slide rail

[0044] 12: Target Room

[0045] 13: Water supply manifold DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present application and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art. Hereinafter, although examples of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be noted that the examples are not limited thereto.

[0047] The following detailed description is provided to help the reader gain a comprehensive understanding of the methods, devices and / or systems described herein. However, various changes, modifications and equivalents of the methods, devices and / or systems described herein will be apparent after understanding the present disclosure. For example, the order of operations described herein is merely an example, and except for operations that must occur in a specific order, it is not limited to the order set forth herein, but can be changed, which will be apparent after understanding the present disclosure. In addition, for the sake of clarity and brevity, descriptions of features that are well known in the art may be omitted.

[0048] The features described herein may be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples described herein. Rather, the examples described herein are provided merely to illustrate some of the many possible ways to implement the methods, devices, and / or systems described herein that will be apparent after understanding the present disclosure.

[0049] Throughout the specification, when an element is described as being “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element, the element may be directly “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” the other element, or one or more other elements may be present between the element and the other element. Conversely, when an element is described as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element, there are no other elements between the element and the other element.

[0050] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any one of the associated listed items and any combination of any two or more items; similarly, "at least one" includes any one of the associated listed items and any combination of any two or more items.

[0051] Although terms such as "first," "second," and "third" may be used herein to describe various members, components, regions, layers, or portions, these members, components, regions, layers, or portions are not limited by these terms. Rather, these terms are used only to distinguish one member, component, region, layer, or portion from another member, component, region, layer, or portion. Thus, without departing from the teachings of the examples described herein, a first member, first component, first region, first layer, or first portion mentioned in these examples may also be referred to as a second member, second component, second region, second layer, or second portion.

[0052] Spatially relative terms such as "above," "upper," "below," "lower," etc. may be used herein for descriptive convenience to describe the relationship of one element relative to another element as shown in the accompanying drawings. In addition to covering the orientations depicted in the accompanying drawings, these spatially relative terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the drawings is turned over, an element described as being "above" or "above" relative to another element will be "below" or "lower" relative to the other element. Thus, depending on the spatial orientation of the device, the term "above" covers both the orientations of "above" and "below." The device may also be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0053] The terms used herein are only used to describe various examples and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the terms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include plural forms as well. The terms "comprise", "include", and "have" indicate the presence of the stated features, numbers, operations, components, elements, and / or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, operations, components, elements, and / or combinations thereof.

[0054] Due to manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances, variations in the shapes shown in the drawings may occur. Therefore, the examples described herein are not limited to the specific shapes shown in the drawings but include variations in shapes that occur during manufacturing.

[0055] It should be noted that herein, use of the word “may” with respect to an example, for example, regarding what an example may include or implement, means that there is at least one example that includes or implements such feature, and all examples are not limited thereto.

[0056] The features of the examples described herein may be combined in various ways that will be apparent after understanding the present disclosure. In addition, although the examples described herein have various configurations, other configurations that will be apparent after understanding the present disclosure are also possible.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the present application, a device for offline testing of high-beam-power components in an accelerator is provided. The device comprises an electron gun, a solenoid, a target chamber, an inlet-type accelerator component, a molecular pump, an air vent, a Faraday cup, and other components. By ensuring that the electron beam power density is consistent with the actual operating beam power density, the electron beam parameters during the equivalent test are determined, thereby completing the parameter settings of the electron gun and solenoid. The target chamber can flexibly install various components to be tested and reserves multiple test instrument installation interfaces to enable real-time monitoring of the test component status. A water-cooled Faraday cup is designed for accurate measurement of electron beam current intensity and life monitoring of accelerator components. The inlet-type mounting structure and slide rail system make equipment maintenance easier and facilitate experimental operations.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the present application, a device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator is provided, comprising:

[0059] An electron gun 1, used for emitting an electron beam;

[0060] Solenoid 2, used for adjusting the beam spot of the electron beam to achieve a desired size;

[0061] The target chamber 12 is located at the rear end of the solenoid 2. The target chamber is cylindrical and has multiple windows around it for connecting multiple monitoring instruments to perform real-time monitoring of high beam power components in the accelerator. The size of the interface varies according to the size of the multiple monitoring instruments to be connected.

[0062] Faraday cup 9, which is set at the rear end of the target chamber and is used to measure the electron beam current intensity and monitor the life of accelerator components;

[0063] A support 10, an electron gun 1, a solenoid 2, a target chamber 12 and a Faraday cup 9 are arranged on the support (10);

[0064] The electron gun 1, solenoid 2, target chamber 12 and Faraday cup 9 are arranged in sequence along a first axis, wherein the electron gun 1, solenoid 2 and Faraday cup 9 are coaxially arranged along the first axis, and the target chamber 12 extends along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis.

[0065] The electron gun 1 adopts a three-electrode structure of a hot cathode, a focusing electrode and an anode.

[0066] A molecular pump 7 and a high beam power component 8 of the accelerator to be tested are installed on both sides of the target chamber 12 respectively. The high beam power component of the accelerator to be tested is installed in a linear introduction type or a rotation type.

[0067] An electron beam spot imaging component (such as a YAG screen) is installed in the target chamber 12 to achieve electron beam spot measurement.

[0068] The Faraday cup 9 determines whether the high beam power components in the accelerator are broken down by the electron beam through the change of the current intensity.

[0069] The Faraday cup 9 is water-cooled to prevent the high-power electron beam from causing the Faraday cup to overheat and be damaged. The bracket 10 is made of aluminum alloy.

[0070] A slide rail is provided at the connection between the bracket 10 and the electron gun.

[0071] A slide rail 11 is provided at the connection between the bracket 10 and the target chamber 12 .

[0072] According to one embodiment of the present application, a method for offline testing of high-beam power components in an accelerator is provided, comprising: first measuring and adjusting the beam current intensity to a desired size using a Faraday cup, then inserting a YAG screen into the center of the beam, adjusting a solenoid so that the beam spot reaches a desired size, and finally introducing the accelerator component into the center of the beam for a thermal deposition experiment.

[0073] Determination of beam conditions

[0074] According to the actual working conditions of the accelerator components (including the beam spot size on the target surface, the deposited beam power and the beam time structure), the electron beam parameters (current intensity, energy, beam spot, time structure, etc.) are set to ensure that the power density, beam spot size and time structure of the electron beam and the actual beam deposited in the target are consistent.

[0075] By ensuring that the electron beam power density is consistent with the actual working conditions, the corresponding electron beam parameters can be quickly determined.

[0076] Electron gun design

[0077] The offline tester's beam current is provided by an electron gun consisting of a hot cathode (lanthanum hexaboride), a focusing electrode, an anode, and corresponding ceramic components. Depending on the experimental requirements, the device can provide either a pulsed or DC uniformly distributed electron beam, with energy continuously adjustable between 0 and 100 keV and a peak current of 1 A.

[0078] The electron gun utilizes a universal three-electrode structure consisting of a hot cathode, focusing electrode, and anode, offering advantages such as low cost and ease of maintenance. The electron gun's power, beam spot, and timing structure can be adjusted over a wide range to meet diverse testing requirements for accelerator components under varying operating conditions.

[0079] Solenoid design

[0080] A solenoid is designed 62 mm away from the electron gun anode outlet to precisely control the size of the beam spot on the target surface.

[0081] The target beam spot diameter can be adjusted from 1 to 27.8 mm depending on the beam intensity. The solenoid is equipped with a three-circuit water cooling pipe to dissipate the heat it generates.

[0082] The water-cooled solenoid is compact in size and can precisely control the beam power density at the target surface. It also has a wide range of beam spot size adjustment to flexibly meet the testing requirements of different accelerator components.

[0083] Target room design

[0084] The target chamber is constructed of stainless steel and is cylindrical in shape. Multiple windows are located around the chamber, allowing access to various monitoring instruments (such as infrared thermometers, CCD cameras, residual gas analyzers, and vacuum gauges) for real-time monitoring of accelerator components (e.g., appearance, temperature, and material volatilization under beam bombardment). The port dimensions vary depending on the size of the instruments being installed. A Faraday cup is located at the rear of the target chamber to measure the electron beam intensity. Based on the beam spot size behind the target when there is no magnetic field, the cup opening diameter is set to 63mm and water-cooled to prevent damage from the high-power electron beam. Furthermore, in specific applications (such as thin target testing), changes in the Faraday cup intensity can be used to monitor target thickness changes, or even target breakdown, in real time. Molecular pumps and the accelerator components to be tested are installed on either side of the target chamber, depending on the requirements. The components to be tested can be mounted using either a linear or rotary approach, depending on the specific operating conditions. Space is also reserved for electron beam imaging components (such as a YAG screen) to measure the target spot size.

[0085] The target chamber design balances compactness with adaptability to accelerator components of varying sizes. Ports on both sides accommodate a variety of accelerator components, enhancing the versatility of the electron beam offline tester. Multiple monitoring ports are reserved for connecting a variety of test instruments as needed, enabling real-time monitoring of component status. The component under test is designed to be removable online, enabling equivalence of a wider range of operating conditions and improving inspection efficiency. Electron beam spot imaging components can also be installed to enable electron beam spot measurement.

[0086] The Faraday cup, located at the rear end of the target chamber, accurately measures the electron beam current and uses this change to determine whether the accelerator components have been damaged by the electron beam. A water-cooled structure prevents the Faraday cup from overheating and potentially damaging due to the high-power electron beam.

[0087] Testing Process

[0088] During the test, the beam intensity was first measured and adjusted to the required size using a Faraday cup, then the YAG screen was inserted into the center of the beam, the solenoid was adjusted to make the beam spot reach the desired size, and finally the accelerator components were introduced into the beam center for the thermal deposition experiment.

[0089] Bracket design

[0090] The bracket is made of aluminum alloy, combining lightweight construction with structural strength. Furthermore, a slide rail structure connects the bracket to the electron gun and target chamber, facilitating gun maintenance. The target chamber can be disconnected as needed, allowing the electron gun and beamline to be connected to other target chambers to meet diverse testing requirements.

[0091] The introduction of a slide rail structure at the connection between the bracket, electron gun and target chamber not only facilitates equipment maintenance, but also allows the electron gun and beam line to be connected to other target chambers, further expanding the use of the electron beam offline test platform.

[0092] Although specific examples have been shown and described above, it will be apparent after understanding this disclosure that various changes in form and detail may be made to these examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims and their equivalents. The examples described herein are to be understood in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. The description of features or aspects in each example should be considered applicable to similar features or aspects in other examples. Appropriate results may still be achieved if the described techniques are performed in a different order, and / or if components in the described systems, architectures, devices, or circuits are combined in different ways and / or replaced or supplemented by other components or their equivalents. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure is not limited by the specific embodiments, but by the claims and their equivalents, and all variations within the scope of the claims and their equivalents should be understood to be included in this disclosure.

[0093] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can still be modified. \ Or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalent ones; however, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator, comprising: an electron gun (1) for emitting an electron beam; a solenoid (2) for adjusting the beam spot of the electron beam to achieve a desired size; A target chamber (12), the target chamber (12) being arranged at the rear end of the solenoid (2), the target chamber being cylindrical, with a plurality of windows arranged around the target chamber for accessing a plurality of monitoring instruments to perform real-time monitoring of high beam power components in the accelerator, the interface size varying according to the sizes of the plurality of monitoring instruments to be accessed; A Faraday cup (9), which is arranged at the rear end of the target chamber and is used for measuring the electron beam current intensity and monitoring the life of accelerator components; a bracket (10), wherein the electron gun (1), the solenoid (2), the target chamber (12) and the Faraday cup (9) are arranged on the bracket (10); The electron gun (1), the solenoid (2), the target chamber (12) and the Faraday cup (9) are arranged in sequence along a first axial direction, wherein the electron gun (1), the solenoid (2) and the Faraday cup (9) are coaxially arranged along the first axis, and the target chamber (12) extends along a second axial direction perpendicular to the first axial direction.

2. The device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electron gun (1) adopts a three-electrode structure comprising a hot cathode, a focusing electrode and an anode.

3. The device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A molecular pump (7) and a high beam power component (8) of an accelerator to be tested are respectively installed on both sides of the target chamber (12). The high beam power component of the accelerator to be tested is installed in a linear introduction type or a rotation type.

4. The device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electron beam spot imaging component such as a YAG screen is installed in the target chamber (12) to achieve electron beam spot measurement.

5. The device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Faraday cup (9) can determine whether a high beam power component in an accelerator is broken down by an electron beam by means of a change in current intensity in a specific application scenario such as a thin target test.

6. The device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Faraday cup (9) adopts a water cooling structure to prevent the high-power electron beam from causing the Faraday cup to be damaged by excessive temperature.

7. The device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bracket (10) is made of aluminum alloy.

8. The device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slide rail is provided at the connection between the bracket (10) and the electron gun.

9. The device for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slide rail (11) is provided at the connection between the bracket (10) and the target chamber (12), which facilitates maintenance of the electron gun and enables the target chamber to be disconnected as required, so that the electron gun and the beam line can be connected to other target chambers to meet more testing requirements.

10. A method for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator, comprising using the apparatus for offline testing of high beam power components in an accelerator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising: First, the beam intensity is measured and adjusted to the required size using a Faraday cup. Then, the YAG screen is inserted into the center of the beam. The solenoid is adjusted to make the beam spot reach the required size. Finally, the accelerator components are introduced into the center of the beam for thermal deposition experiments.

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