Method and system for quickly optimizing full-space beam sidelobe of planar array antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a planar array antenna full-space beam sidelobe rapid optimization method and system, and relates to the technical field of radar antennae. Array excitation is rapidly calculated and adjusted by collecting and analyzing deformation data of key parts in real time and combining finite element analysis with an electromagnetic field theory, so that sidelobe minimization is achieved, and the optimization efficiency is improved. The method has the advantages of remarkable real-time performance and accuracy; not only is the overall performance of the system improved, but also theoretical and method support is provided for more efficient antenna control and design, and wide application prospects are expected to be brought.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of radar antennas, and in particular to a method and system for quickly optimizing full-space beam side lobes of a planar array antenna. Background Art

[0002] In order to solve the impact of environmental changes (such as temperature, humidity, etc.) or deformation during use on the sidelobe optimization of antenna arrays in engineering applications, a new scheme for optimizing antenna sidelobes based on dynamic response parameters of mechanical deformation is proposed. This scheme focuses on accurately monitoring the tiny mechanical deformation of the array structure, and adjusts the array excitation in real time by associating it with the sidelobe changes to maintain beam stability and improve the radar's anti-interference capability; however, traditional methods mostly rely on the optimization of static models or preset scenarios, and often cannot quickly respond to performance changes caused by structural deformation in the actual working environment. This leads to limitations in the response speed and accuracy of existing technologies in dynamic environments, especially in mobile communications and complex electromagnetic environments that require real-time adjustment.

[0003] In the prior art, the publication number is CN108959788A, and the name is a method for fast optimization of the side lobes of the full spatial beam of a planar array antenna. Aiming at the disadvantage of low efficiency of the planar array antenna in optimizing the side lobes of the full spatial beam, the antenna beam characteristics are used to quickly find the main lobe and side lobe areas of the full spatial beam of the antenna, thereby achieving the purpose of fast optimization of the side lobes of the full spatial beam of the antenna. This method can significantly improve the efficiency of side lobe optimization, and is simple to implement, has good versatility, and does not depend on the element type of the planar array antenna unit; Although existing technologies provide some solutions for array antenna optimization, such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization, which perform well in static scenarios, these methods often fail to meet real-time requirements due to large computational complexity and slow convergence speed for complex electromagnetic environments involving dynamic changes in stress-strain. In addition, the failure to fully consider the changes in electromagnetic characteristics caused by the deformation of the array antenna structure makes the existing technology lack accuracy in the optimization process of the full-space beam sidelobes; therefore, in the face of rapidly changing electromagnetic conditions and large structural deformation scenarios, the shortcomings of existing planar array antenna optimization technology are obvious.

[0004] The above information disclosed in the above Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for fast optimization of full spatial beam side lobes of a planar array antenna, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for fast optimization of full-space beam side lobes of a planar array antenna, the specific steps comprising: Step S1: determining the key parts in the planar array antenna structure, and collecting the strain, bending angle and surface displacement change data of these key parts in real time during the monitoring period under the current external load, so as to generate a deformation data set describing the deformation degree of each key part; Step S2: Obtain the deformation data set of each key part, and use the finite element analysis method to establish the stress-strain response model of the array structure in combination with the mechanical parameters of elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio; Step S3: Introduce the electromagnetic wave propagation model of the array structure into the stress-strain response model, and use the electromagnetic field theory to analyze in real time the influence of the deformation data set of each key part on the beam side lobe, so as to derive the nonlinear coupling relationship between the array excitation value and the side lobe, and finally establish the objective function of minimizing the side lobe, and then solve the objective function through the optimization algorithm to calculate the new array excitation value; Step S4: Analyze the deformation data sets of each key part and calculate the rapid correction index, which is used to adjust the new array excitation value to obtain the adjusted array excitation value, and perform rapid array excitation adjustment according to the adjusted array excitation value.

[0007] A planar array antenna full space beam sidelobe rapid optimization system, the system is used to execute the planar array antenna full space beam sidelobe rapid optimization method, comprising: Data acquisition module: used to determine the key parts in the planar array antenna structure, and collect the strain, bending angle and surface displacement change data of these key parts in real time during the monitoring period under the current external load, so as to generate a deformation data set describing the deformation degree of each key part; Stress-strain response model building module: used to obtain the deformation data set of each key part, and combine the mechanical parameters of elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio to establish the stress-strain response model of the array structure using the finite element analysis method; New array excitation value generation module: used to introduce the electromagnetic wave propagation model of the array structure into the stress-strain response model, and use electromagnetic field theory to analyze the impact of the deformation data set of each key part on the beam sidelobe in real time, so as to derive the nonlinear coupling relationship between the array excitation value and the sidelobe, and finally establish the objective function of minimizing the sidelobe. Then, the objective function is solved by the optimization algorithm to calculate the new array excitation value; Correction module: used to analyze the deformation data sets of each key part and calculate the fast correction index, which is used to adjust the new array excitation value to obtain the adjusted array excitation value, and perform fast array excitation adjustment based on the adjusted array excitation value.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: by real-time acquisition and analysis of deformation data of key parts, finite element analysis combined with electromagnetic field theory is used to quickly calculate and adjust array excitation, thereby minimizing side lobes, which has significant real-time and accuracy advantages; it not only improves the overall performance of the system, but also provides theoretical and methodological support for more efficient antenna control and design, and is expected to bring broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the system modules of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0011] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0012] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: A method for fast optimization of full-space beam side lobes of a planar array antenna, wherein the planar array antenna structure is referred to as an array structure hereinafter, and the specific steps include: Step S1: determining the key parts in the planar array antenna structure, and collecting the strain, bending angle and surface displacement change data of these key parts in real time during the monitoring period under the current external load, so as to generate a deformation data set describing the deformation degree of each key part; Further explanation: the key parts of the array structure are defined as: the reflection surface, the feed area and the array connection point; and the reflection surface, the feed area and the array connection point are respectively denoted as , and ; Wherein, i∈{1,2,…,N}, i represents the index of the i-th feed region in the array structure, and N is the total number of feed regions; and the number of feed regions is equal to the number of array elements in the array structure; the planar array antenna is a unified planar structure, so the reflective surface is a single setting; therefore, the number of array elements is also represented by {1,2,…,N}; j∈{1,2,…,M}, j represents the index of the jth array node in the array structure, and M is the total number of array nodes; During the monitoring period when the external load is applied, the strain, bending angle and surface displacement of the reflective surface are recorded as , and ; and the deformation data set of the reflection surface is recorded as ; They represent the change values ​​before and after no external load is applied; During the monitoring period of external load application, the strain, bending angle and surface displacement of the i-th feed region are recorded as , and ; and the deformation data set of the i-th feed area is recorded as ; They represent the change values ​​before and after no external load is applied; During the monitoring period of external load application, the strain, bending angle and surface displacement of the jth array joint are recorded as , and ; and the deformation data set of the jth array joint is recorded as ; They represent the change values ​​before and after no external load is applied; The instructions for digital image correlation (DIC) are as follows: In digital image correlation (DIC) software, the strain, bending angle and surface displacement of the reflecting surface can be calculated by processing and analyzing the displacement information of the image; specifically: Displacement field calculation: The DIC software directly calculates the corresponding displacement field by tracking the movement of the speckle pattern at different loading stages, which describes the displacement changes of the surface during the deformation process.

[0013] Strain calculation: After the displacement field data is analyzed, the DIC software can calculate the strain distribution in the plane. This is achieved through mathematical differentiation, including principal strain and shear strain parameters.

[0014] Bending angle analysis: By further analyzing the measured displacement and strain data, the DIC software can deduce the bending angle. The steps for obtaining the strain, bending angle and surface displacement of the reflecting surface are as follows: Record the initial state image: Take a baseline image when the antenna is not loaded, and ensure that the image resolution and lighting conditions are appropriate; Apply external load and shoot: Apply static or dynamic load step by step according to test requirements; In each loading stage, the camera was kept stable and multiple speckle images were taken to record the deformation process.

[0015] Data analysis and image processing: import all images into DIC software; Perform image preprocessing to ensure image quality, including denoising and contrast adjustment.

[0016] Displacement field calculation: Use software to automatically identify and track the movement of the speckle and calculate the displacement field at each stage.

[0017] Strain and bending analysis: Calculate the strain field from the displacement data and perform bending angle analysis based on physical and mathematical models. Use the dedicated tools of DIC software to perform strain analysis, and reliable data supports subsequent analysis.

[0018] And install strain gauges, fiber optic sensors and laser interferometers at key locations; Strain gauge layout: Placed in areas of the antenna structure that are most sensitive to stress changes, such as the feed area and array contact points.

[0019] Fiber optic sensor layout: It is laid out in a longer array segment to globally monitor the bending and deformation trend of the array. The "longer array segment" is determined by the test personnel based on theoretical knowledge and will not be elaborated on; Laser interferometer positioning: It is used on the planar array antenna structure to accurately monitor the position of tiny displacements and bending angles on the array surface, and is particularly suitable for the refined quantification of curvature.

[0020] Step S2: Obtain the deformation data set of each key part, and use the finite element analysis (FEA) method to establish a stress-strain response model of the array structure by combining the mechanical parameters of elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio; Further explanation: the stress-strain response model of the array structure is established by using the finite element analysis method, which specifically includes: 1) Data collection and preparation: 1.1) Obtain the actual deformation data set of each key part; Get the deformation dataset of the reflective surface ; Deformation dataset of the i-th feed region ; The deformation data set of the jth array joint ; 1.2) Determine the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of planar array antenna materials; Material sample preparation: Cut standard samples from actual antenna materials for mechanical property testing.

[0021] Elastic modulus (E) determination: Use a universal material testing machine (such as Instron) to perform a tensile test on the sample and determine the elastic modulus according to ASTM standards.

[0022] Poisson's ratio ( ) Determination: In the same test, the Poisson's ratio is calculated by measuring the deformation in the tensile direction and the transverse direction.

[0023] Data recording: The measured E and The values ​​were recorded and the experiments were repeated many times to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the parameters.

[0024] 2) Finite element model construction of planar array antenna: 2.1) Establish the geometric model of the planar array antenna; CAD model import: Use CAD software (such as SolidWorks or AutoCAD) to draw the detailed geometric structure of the planar array antenna to ensure that it is completely consistent with the actual antenna structure.

[0025] Refine critical areas: Refine critical areas that require high-precision analysis, and ensure that the density of the finite element mesh in these areas is high enough to capture subtle deformations.

[0026] 2.2) Assigning material properties; Material library selection: Select the material property library corresponding to the actual material in FEA software (such as ANSYS or ABAQUS).

[0027] Parameter input: The elastic modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio ( ) are input into the FEA model to ensure the accuracy of material properties.

[0028] 2.3) Grid division; Mesh type selection: For complex geometries and critical areas with stress concentration, choose high-quality quadrilateral or hexahedral meshes; for simple parts, use hexahedral or simplified meshes.

[0029] Mesh density setting: Increase the mesh density in strain-sensitive areas (such as connection points and bending areas) to ensure simulation accuracy; use lower density in other areas to save computing resources.

[0030] Mesh independence test: Perform mesh independence analysis to ensure that the mesh division is reasonable and the results are not significantly changed due to the increase in mesh density.

[0031] 3) Boundary conditions and external load settings: 3.1) Boundary condition definition; Fixed Boundary: According to the actual installation method of the planar array antenna, the support boundary of the model is fixed to prevent the model from moving as a whole during the simulation.

[0032] Symmetric boundary: If the planar array antenna is symmetrical, apply symmetric boundary conditions to reduce the amount of calculation.

[0033] 3.2) Application of external load; According to the actual working environment of the planar array antenna, equivalent external forces (such as wind load and mechanical vibration) are applied to the corresponding key positions.

[0034] Dynamic load: If the environmental load of the array structure changes dynamically, define the corresponding time-varying load conditions.

[0035] 3.3) Loading step setting; Static analysis: Set static loads that increase step by step to observe the stress and strain responses of key parts in the array structure under different loads; Dynamic Analysis: Set up dynamic load cases and perform time domain or frequency domain analysis to capture the response of the structure under dynamic loads.

[0036] 4.1) The relationship formula defining the stress-strain response model is: ; Where E is the elastic modulus; for stress; It is the reference strain of each key part in the array structure without external load; is Poisson’s ratio; It is the stress of each key part in the array structure under the current external load. Caused by strain changes.

[0037] In the FEA software, the above stress-strain relationship is input using a user-defined material model to ensure that the model correctly applies the relationship during the simulation process; 4.2) Model parameter calibration; Initial calibration: Based on the material parameters measured in step 1.2), the stress-strain model is preliminarily calibrated.

[0038] Experimental verification: Perform finite element simulation and actual testing simultaneously, compare the results of the two, and adjust the model parameters to improve consistency.

[0039] 5) High frequency simulation analysis and verification: 5.1) Finite element simulation run: Simulation Setup: After confirming that all boundary conditions, external loads, and material properties are correct, start the finite element simulation.

[0040] 5.2) Result extraction and verification: Stress-strain distribution: Extract stress and strain distribution data of key parts under different external load conditions.

[0041] Data comparison: Compare the simulation results with the actual deformation data set collected in step 1.1) to verify the accuracy of the model.

[0042] Error analysis: Calculate the error between simulation results and actual data, and adjust model parameters (such as mesh density, material properties) to reduce the error.

[0043] 6) Dynamic relationship analysis and model optimization: 6.1) Dynamic relationship establishment: Data association: The stress-strain distribution data obtained by finite element simulation is correlated with the antenna beam sidelobe characteristics to determine the quantitative relationship between the array structure deformation and the sidelobe level.

[0044] Frequency response analysis: Analyze the impact of array structure deformation on side lobes at different frequencies and establish a dynamic response relationship model.

[0045] Step S3: Introduce the electromagnetic wave propagation model of the array structure into the stress-strain response model, and use the electromagnetic field theory to analyze in real time the influence of the deformation data set of each key part on the beam side lobe, so as to derive the nonlinear coupling relationship between the array excitation value and the side lobe, and finally establish the objective function of minimizing the side lobe, and then solve the objective function through the optimization algorithm to calculate the new array excitation value; Further explanation, the objective function to be minimized and the new array excitation value to be calculated specifically include: Deformation of key parts will cause the array elements to shift, thus affecting the beam directivity and sidelobe amplitude; An array element is each independent radiating unit that makes up the antenna array. 7.1) Select electromagnetic simulation software (such as CSTMicrowaveStudio or HFSS) to ensure the accuracy of electromagnetic field calculations.

[0046] Choose finite element method (FEM) based software for seamless integration with finite element analysis (FEA) stress-strain models.

[0047] 7.2) Import the finite element stress-strain response model: Import the stress-strain response model established in step S2 into the electromagnetic simulation software; ensure the consistency of the geometric structure and material parameters.

[0048] Ensure that the electromagnetic model contains deformation data sets of all key parts to reflect the effects of stress-strain on the array structure; 7.3) Define the electromagnetic characteristics of the array element: The electromagnetic parameters (such as dielectric constant and conductivity) within a specified frequency range are specified for each array element to ensure that it matches the actual working environment.

[0049] Define the array excitation value of the array element including amplitude and phase; and determine the array structure including Array elements, , the array excitation value of each array element is determined by the amplitude and Phase Determine; record the array excitation value as , The vector representation is as follows: ; in, and Respectively represent The amplitude and phase of each array element; Set the initial array excitation value of each array element to , defined as the initial input variable of the optimization algorithm; the initial array excitation value It will be updated as the "current incentive value" during the optimization process; 8) Sidelobe impact analysis: 8.1) Simulating electromagnetic wave propagation under different stress-strain states: In the simulation software, different stress-strain states are applied under different array excitation value configurations, and electromagnetic wave propagation simulation is run to record the beam sidelobe data under each stress-strain state; Each array element has its own physical adjustment range, such as the maximum and minimum power output, voltage phase change range, and thus obtains different array excitation value configurations.

[0050] 8.2) Extract beam sidelobe characteristics from beam sidelobe data: definition is the index of the sidelobe direction; use the post-processing function of the simulation software to extract the The sidelobe amplitude in the sidelobe direction ; Extracting sidelobe amplitudes under different stress-strain states and the corresponding array excitation value , in order to establish the following nonlinear functional relationship between the sidelobe amplitude and the array excitation value: ; in, It is a nonlinear relationship function between the array excitation value and the sidelobe amplitude; is the error term, which represents the deviation due to modeling error or random factors; Determined using Statistical Error Analysis or Parameter Identification and Regression Method; Use the post-processing function of the simulation software to extract the The sidelobe amplitude in the sidelobe direction ; The specific steps are: View far-field results: Once the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation simulation is complete, navigate to the Results tab.

[0051] In CST, select "Farfields"; in HFSS, select "Fields" > "Radiation Pattern". This operation visualizes the antenna radiation pattern.

[0052] Generate a radiation pattern: Select the view plane: Select an appropriate plane (such as E-plane or H-plane) to facilitate observation of the characteristics of the radiation pattern.

[0053] Display results: Generate and view radiation patterns to identify the exact location and magnitude of the main and side lobes.

[0054] Identifying sidelobes: Analyze the radiation pattern: On the resulting radiation pattern, the main lobe appears as the direction of highest amplitude, while the side lobes are located to the sides or in other directions of the main lobe.

[0055] Mark the sidelobes: Use the simulation software’s annotation tools to identify and determine the The sidelobe position of the sidelobe direction.

[0056] Extract the sidelobe amplitude in a specific direction as follows: Export far-field data: In the Radiation Pattern graph, right-click in the graph area and select Export or Data > Export Data.

[0057] Export radiation pattern data to CSV format for further analysis.

[0058] Processing data files: Open the exported data file, locate and record the The sidelobe amplitude in the sidelobe direction .

[0059] The extracted The sidelobe amplitude in the sidelobe direction Add to a dataset or optimize a model.

[0060] Prepare for subsequent analysis: Ensure that the saved data is convenient for subsequent objective function calculation and minimization optimization process.

[0061] All sidelobe directions are systematically recorded to form a complete sidelobe amplitude data set.

[0062] 8.3) Construct the objective function for minimizing the side lobes, specifically: Set the target sidelobe amplitude to , establish the objective function of minimizing the side lobes: ; in, Indicates the total number of sidelobe directions involved due to the influence of array structure deformation data; The objective function for minimizing the side lobes is, The first The sidelobe amplitude in each sidelobe direction; Used to describe the deformation of the array structure. The sidelobe amplitude in the sidelobe direction and the target sidelobe amplitude the degree of difference between The sidelobe amplitude is the amplitude of the secondary radiation direction relative to the maximum radiation direction of the main lobe in the antenna radiation pattern. The antenna radiation pattern will show a main radiation peak (i.e., the main lobe) and several smaller secondary peaks, which are the side lobes; the sidelobe amplitude refers to the radiation intensity of these secondary peaks; 8.4) Establishment of nonlinear coupling relationship and construction of optimization model: 8.41) Analyze the nonlinear relationship between stress and side lobes: Through simulation data, the relationship curve between stress-strain and sidelobe amplitude is plotted to identify nonlinear coupling characteristics; Use regression analysis or machine learning methods to fit the nonlinear relationship between stress-strain and sidelobe amplitude; ensure high accuracy of the model; The sidelobe amplitude is set to be affected by stress and strain, and the nonlinear relationship between stress-strain and sidelobe amplitude is defined as: ; It is a nonlinear function that describes the effect of stress and strain on the sidelobe amplitude; it is used to convert the input stress and strain information into the sidelobe amplitude; is the error term, which is used to represent random error or modeling bias; Determined by using Statistical Error Analysis or Parameter Identification and Regression Method; The form of is fitted and modeled in the following way: Polynomial regression model or exponential function regression model or neural network model.

[0063] 8.42) Constructing a nonlinear optimization model: By fitting the nonlinear relationship, the nonlinear coupling relationship between the array excitation value and the side lobe is constructed, and the nonlinear coupling relationship is characterized by the following nonlinear optimization model: ; in, Indicates the current stress and strain The sidelobe objective function value of the nonlinear optimization model constructed under the condition; It is a nonlinear coupling relationship used to optimize the overall objective function; By fitting the nonlinear coupling relationship , clarify the nonlinear relationship between the array excitation value (including amplitude and phase) and the sidelobe change, and finally realize the sidelobe suppression optimization based on the excitation value adjustment by optimizing the objective function; Ensure that the optimization model can capture the complex effects of stress-strain on the sidelobe amplitude.

[0064] 9) Selection and application of optimization algorithms 9.1) Choose a suitable nonlinear optimization algorithm: For the constructed nonlinear optimization model, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to obtain the new array excitation value; the particle swarm optimization has high efficiency and global search ability in dealing with high-dimensional nonlinear problems. The specific steps are as follows: Set the PSO population size, number of iterations, and convergence criteria to balance optimization speed and accuracy.

[0065] 9.2) Implement optimization process: Initialize the particle swarm and define the optimization variables as the amplitude and phase of the array excitation value; In each iteration, the electromagnetic simulation is run with the current array excitation values, based on the sidelobe minimization objective function Calculate the optimization target value and update the particle speed and position accordingly, gradually approaching the nonlinear optimization model The minimum value of .

[0066] It should be made clear that: It is a nonlinear optimization model basis.

[0067] Iterations continue until the preset optimization accuracy or the maximum number of iterations is reached.

[0068] 10) Calculate the new array excitation value: 10.1) Extract optimization results: Determine the global optimal solution and obtain the new array excitation value corresponding to the minimized objective function. The new array excitation value includes: amplitude and phase; 10.2) Apply new array excitation values: The new array excitation value is fed back to the actual control system of the planar array antenna to achieve real-time suppression optimization of the beam sidelobe.

[0069] 10.3) Verify the optimization effect: Run the new stimulus configuration and confirm, either by actual measurement or further simulation, that the sidelobe amplitude has reached the target level.

[0070] If the requirements are not met, return to step 5) for further optimization, adjust algorithm parameters or optimize the process.

[0071] Step S4: analyzing the deformation data sets of each key part and calculating the rapid correction index, which is used to adjust the new array excitation value to obtain the adjusted array excitation value, and performing rapid array excitation adjustment according to the adjusted array excitation value; Further explanation: The rapid correction index specifically includes: Respectively , and The Min-Max normalization function is applied, and the output values ​​are limited to the range of (0,1); Will The standardized output values ​​are recorded as , and ; Will The standardized output values ​​are recorded as , and ; Will The standardized output values ​​are recorded as , and ; , and Respectively represent , and The upper deformation threshold of , and The value range is in the interval (0,1); , and Respectively represent , and The upper deformation threshold of , and The value range is in the interval (0,1); , and Respectively represent , and The upper deformation threshold of , and The value range is in the interval (0,1); The first deformation coefficient used to describe the deformation degree of the reflective surface is defined as , the calculation formula is: ; , and It is determined through the maintenance technical manual of the planar array antenna or related references or expert experience and knowledge, and will not be elaborated on here; like or or When the ratio is greater than 1, it means that the deformation degree of the reflective surface has an impact on the new array excitation value; like or or When the ratios of are all equal to 1, it means that the influence of the deformation degree of the reflective surface on the new array excitation value can be ignored, but it is necessary to continuously monitor the deformation of the reflective surface to avoid serious deformation. like or or When the ratios of are all less than 1, it means that the deformation degree of the reflective surface has no effect on the new array excitation value; The second deformation coefficient used to describe the deformation degree of the feed area is defined as , the calculation formula is: ; , and It is determined through the maintenance technical manual of the planar array antenna or related references or expert experience and knowledge, and will not be elaborated on here; like or or When the ratio is greater than 1, it means that the deformation degree of the feed region has an impact on the new array excitation value; like or or When the ratios of are all equal to 1, it means that the influence of the deformation degree of the feed area on the new array excitation value can be ignored, but it is necessary to continuously monitor the deformation of the reflector surface to avoid serious deformation. like or or When the ratios of are all less than 1, it means that the deformation degree of the feed area has no effect on the new array excitation value; The third deformation coefficient used to describe the deformation degree of the array joint is defined as , the calculation formula is: ; , and It is determined through the maintenance technical manual of the planar array antenna or related references or expert experience and knowledge, and will not be elaborated on here; like or or When the ratio is greater than 1, it means that the deformation degree of the array joint has an impact on the new array excitation value; like or or When the ratios of are all equal to 1, it means that the deformation degree of the array joints can be ignored on the new array excitation value, but it is necessary to continuously monitor the deformation of the reflective surface to avoid serious deformation. like or or When the ratios of are all less than 1, it means that the deformation degree of the array joints has no effect on the new array excitation value; Combining the first deformation coefficient, the second deformation coefficient and the third deformation coefficient for comprehensive analysis, the rapid correction index is defined as , the calculation formula is as follows: ; Where d1, d2 and d3 are weight coefficients of corresponding coefficients, and d1+d2+d3=1, and the value ranges of d1, d2 and d3 are all within the interval (0,1); d1, d2 and d3 are determined by entropy weight method and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) for corresponding weights, which will not be elaborated; The amplitude and phase of the new array excitation value are recorded as and ; The amplitude and phase corresponding to the adjusted array excitation value are defined as and ; and the corresponding calculation formula is as follows: ; ; Fast array excitation adjustment, including: based on calculated and , the amplitude and phase of each array element of the array structure are corrected, and the correction value is applied to the amplitude and phase of the array excitation value in real time to feedback and update the array excitation in real time, and ensure that the sidelobe amplitude is within a preset threshold; the preset threshold is determined based on the anti-interference requirement; After the array excitation value is adjusted by feedback, the deformation of the array structure is monitored in real time through a closed-loop control mechanism to ensure that the sidelobe amplitude always meets the anti-interference requirements of the current radar system.

[0072] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula for the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0073] Embodiment 2: See also Figure 2, a planar array antenna full space beam sidelobe fast optimization system, the system is used to execute the planar array antenna full space beam sidelobe fast optimization method, comprising: Data acquisition module: used to determine the key parts in the planar array antenna structure, and collect the strain, bending angle and surface displacement change data of these key parts in real time during the monitoring period under the current external load, so as to generate a deformation data set describing the deformation degree of each key part; Stress-strain response model building module: used to obtain the deformation data set of each key part, and combine the mechanical parameters of elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio to establish the stress-strain response model of the array structure using the finite element analysis method; New array excitation value generation module: used to introduce the electromagnetic wave propagation model of the array structure into the stress-strain response model, and use electromagnetic field theory to analyze the impact of the deformation data set of each key part on the beam sidelobe in real time, so as to derive the nonlinear coupling relationship between the array excitation value and the sidelobe, and finally establish the objective function of minimizing the sidelobe. Then, the objective function is solved by the optimization algorithm to calculate the new array excitation value; Correction module: used to analyze the deformation data sets of each key part and calculate the fast correction index, which is used to adjust the new array excitation value to obtain the adjusted array excitation value, and perform fast array excitation adjustment based on the adjusted array excitation value.

[0074] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented by software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0075] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0076] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for fast optimization of full spatial beam side lobes of a planar array antenna, hereinafter referred to as an array structure, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step S1: determining the key parts in the planar array antenna structure, and collecting the strain, bending angle and surface displacement change data of these key parts in real time during the monitoring period under the current external load, so as to generate a deformation data set describing the deformation degree of each key part; Step S2: Obtain the deformation data set of each key part, and use the finite element analysis method to establish the stress-strain response model of the array structure in combination with the mechanical parameters of elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio; Step S3: Introduce the electromagnetic wave propagation model of the array structure into the stress-strain response model, and use the electromagnetic field theory to analyze in real time the influence of the deformation data set of each key part on the beam side lobe, so as to derive the nonlinear coupling relationship between the array excitation value and the side lobe, and finally establish the objective function of minimizing the side lobe, and then solve the objective function through the optimization algorithm to calculate the new array excitation value; Step S4: Analyze the deformation data sets of each key part and calculate the rapid correction index, which is used to adjust the new array excitation value to obtain the adjusted array excitation value, and perform rapid array excitation adjustment according to the adjusted array excitation value.

2. The method for fast optimization of full spatial beam side lobes of a planar array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Define the key parts of the array structure, including: reflection surface, feed area and array connection point; and record the reflection surface, feed area and array connection point as , and ; Wherein, i∈{1,2,…,N}, i represents the index of the i-th feed region in the array structure, and N is the total number of feed regions; and the number of feed regions is equal to the number of array elements in the array structure; j∈{1,2,…,M}, j represents the index of the jth array node in the array structure, and M is the total number of array nodes; During the monitoring period when the external load is applied, the strain, bending angle and surface displacement of the reflective surface are recorded as , and ; and the deformation data set of the reflection surface is recorded as ; During the monitoring period of external load application, the strain, bending angle and surface displacement of the i-th feed region are recorded as , and ; and the deformation data set of the i-th feed area is recorded as ; During the monitoring period of external load application, the strain, bending angle and surface displacement of the jth array joint are recorded as , and ; and the deformation data set of the jth array joint is recorded as .

3. The method for fast optimization of full spatial beam side lobes of a planar array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The finite element analysis method is used to establish the stress-strain response model of the array structure, including: 1) Data collection and preparation: 1.1) Obtain the actual deformation data set of each key part; 1.2) Determine the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of planar array antenna materials; 2) Construction of finite element model of planar array antenna; 3) Boundary conditions and external load settings; 4) The relationship formula defining the stress-strain response model is: ； Where E is the elastic modulus; for stress; It is the reference strain of each key part in the array structure without external load; is Poisson's ratio; It is the stress of each key part in the array structure under the current external load. Caused by strain changes.

4. The method for fast optimization of full spatial beam side lobes of a planar array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: Minimize the objective function and calculate the new array excitation value, including: 7.1) Use electromagnetic simulation software CSTMicrowaveStudio to perform electromagnetic field calculations; 7.2) Import the finite element stress-strain response model: Importing the stress-strain response model established in step S2 into the electromagnetic simulation software; 7.3) Define the electromagnetic characteristics of the array element: Define the array excitation value of the array element including amplitude and phase; and determine the array structure including Array element, , the array excitation value of each array element is determined by the amplitude and Phase Determine; record the array excitation value as , The vector representation is as follows: ； in, and Respectively represent The amplitude and phase of each array element; Set the initial array excitation value of each array element to , defined as the initial input variable of the optimization algorithm; 8) Sidelobe impact analysis: 8.1) Simulating electromagnetic wave propagation under different stress-strain states: In the simulation software, different stress-strain states are applied under different array excitation value configurations, and electromagnetic wave propagation simulation is run to record the beam sidelobe data under each stress-strain state; 8.2) Extract beam sidelobe characteristics from beam sidelobe data: definition is the index of the sidelobe direction; use the post-processing function of the simulation software to extract the The sidelobe amplitude in the sidelobe direction ; Extracting sidelobe amplitudes under different stress-strain states and the corresponding array excitation value , in order to establish the following nonlinear functional relationship between the sidelobe amplitude and the array excitation value: ； in, It is a nonlinear function of the relationship between the array excitation value and the sidelobe amplitude; is the error term, which represents the deviation due to modeling error or random factors; 8.3) Construct the objective function for minimizing the side lobes, specifically: Set the target sidelobe amplitude to , establish the objective function of minimizing the side lobes: ； in, Indicates the total number of sidelobe directions involved due to the influence of array structure deformation data; The objective function for minimizing the side lobes is, The first The sidelobe amplitude in each sidelobe direction; Used to describe the deformation of the array structure. The sidelobe amplitude in the sidelobe direction and the target sidelobe amplitude the degree of difference between 8.41) Analyze the nonlinear relationship between stress and side lobes: Identify nonlinear coupling characteristics through simulation data; Regression analysis was used to fit the nonlinear relationship between stress-strain and sidelobe amplitude; The sidelobe amplitude is set to be affected by stress and strain, and the nonlinear relationship between stress-strain and sidelobe amplitude is defined as: ； It is a nonlinear function that describes the effect of stress and strain on the sidelobe amplitude; it is used to convert the input stress and strain information into the sidelobe amplitude; is the error term, which is used to represent random error or modeling bias; 8.42) Constructing a nonlinear optimization model: By fitting the nonlinear relationship, the nonlinear coupling relationship between the array excitation value and the side lobe is constructed, and the nonlinear coupling relationship is characterized by the following nonlinear optimization model: ； in, Indicates the current stress and strain The sidelobe objective function value of the nonlinear optimization model constructed under the condition; It is a nonlinear coupling relationship used to optimize the overall objective function; By fitting the nonlinear coupling relationship , clarify the nonlinear relationship between array excitation value and sidelobe change, and finally realize the sidelobe suppression optimization based on excitation value adjustment by optimizing the objective function; 9.1) According to the constructed nonlinear optimization model, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain a new array excitation value; the new array excitation value includes: amplitude and phase; among them, for the particle swarm optimization algorithm: The optimization variables are defined as the amplitude and phase of the array excitation value; In each iteration, an electromagnetic simulation is run based on the current array excitation values ​​to calculate the sidelobe minimization objective function ; Update the velocity and position of the particle, gradually approaching the minimum value of the sidelobe minimization objective function; Continue iterating until the preset optimization accuracy or maximum number of iterations is reached; 10.1) Extract optimization results: Determine the global optimal solution and obtain the new array excitation value corresponding to the minimized objective function. The new array excitation value includes: amplitude and phase; 10.2) Apply new array excitation values: The new array excitation value is fed back to the actual control system of the planar array antenna to achieve real-time suppression optimization of the beam sidelobe.

5. The method for fast optimization of full spatial beam side lobes of a planar array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: For the rapid correction index, it includes: The first deformation coefficient used to describe the deformation degree of the reflective surface is defined as , the calculation formula is: ； The second deformation coefficient used to describe the deformation degree of the feed area is defined as , the calculation formula is: ； The third deformation coefficient used to describe the deformation degree of the array joint is defined as , the calculation formula is: ； Among them, respectively , and The Min-Max normalization function is applied, and the output values ​​are limited to the range of (0,1); Will The standardized output values ​​are recorded as , and ; Will The standardized output values ​​are recorded as , and ; Will The standardized output values ​​are recorded as , and ; , and Respectively represent , and The upper deformation threshold of , and The value range is in the interval (0,1); , and Respectively represent , and The upper deformation threshold of , and The value range is in the interval (0,1); , and Respectively represent , and The upper deformation threshold of , and The value range is in the interval (0,1).

6. A method for fast optimization of full spatial beam side lobes of a planar array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: Combining the first deformation coefficient, the second deformation coefficient and the third deformation coefficient for comprehensive analysis, the rapid correction index is defined as , the calculation formula is as follows: ； Where d1, d2 and d3 are weight coefficients of the corresponding coefficients, and d1+d2+d3=1, and the value ranges of d1, d2 and d3 are all in the interval (0,1); The amplitude and phase of the new array excitation value are recorded as and ; The amplitude and phase corresponding to the adjusted array excitation value are defined as and ; and the corresponding calculation formula is as follows: ； ； Fast array excitation adjustment, including: based on calculated and , and correct the amplitude and phase of each element of the array structure.

7. A planar array antenna full space beam sidelobe fast optimization system, characterized by: The system is used to execute the planar array antenna full space beam sidelobe fast optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: Data acquisition module: used to determine the key parts in the planar array antenna structure, and collect the strain, bending angle and surface displacement change data of these key parts in real time during the monitoring period under the current external load, so as to generate a deformation data set describing the deformation degree of each key part; Stress-strain response model building module: used to obtain the deformation data set of each key part, and combine the mechanical parameters of elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio to establish the stress-strain response model of the array structure using the finite element analysis method; New array excitation value generation module: used to introduce the electromagnetic wave propagation model of the array structure into the stress-strain response model, and use electromagnetic field theory to analyze the impact of the deformation data set of each key part on the beam sidelobe in real time, so as to derive the nonlinear coupling relationship between the array excitation value and the sidelobe, and finally establish the objective function of minimizing the sidelobe. Then, the objective function is solved by the optimization algorithm to calculate the new array excitation value; Correction module: used to analyze the deformation data sets of each key part and calculate the fast correction index, which is used to adjust the new array excitation value to obtain the adjusted array excitation value, and perform fast array excitation adjustment based on the adjusted array excitation value.

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