Efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high-temperature fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy utilization, in particular to an efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high-temperature fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system. According to the technical scheme, the system comprises a methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system, a thermal management system and a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system. On one hand, fuel cell tail exhaust hydrogen is recovered, hydrogen-rich gas output by the reforming system in the starting stage is combusted to generate heat, and hydrogen-doped combustion of bypass part of hydrogen-rich gas in the stable operation stage is performed, so that the heat utilization rate of the methanol reforming hydrogen production system is effectively improved, and the methanol usage amount is reduced; on the other hand, waste heat of the reformer and heat of the output gas are recycled to improve the energy efficiency of the system, methanol in the output gas is separated to ensure the performance of the fuel cell, and methanol steam reforming hydrogen production is directly connected with the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, so that hydrogen can be used while being produced, the system is simplified, and the flexibility and the economical efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy utilization, and in particular to an efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high-temperature fuel cell cogeneration system. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of "dual carbon", hydrogen energy has attracted widespread attention due to its high efficiency, cleanliness and easy access. As one of the application scenarios of hydrogen energy, proton exchange membrane fuel cells can directly convert the chemical energy stored in hydrogen into electrical energy. They have the advantages of high efficiency, good reliability, no pollution and no noise. However, the imperfection of hydrogen storage and transportation technology at this stage has seriously restricted the large-scale application of this technology. Compared with pure hydrogen, methanol storage and transportation methods are simple and reliable, and it has a high carbon-hydrogen ratio, low price and easy access. It is regarded as an ideal hydrogen energy carrier. Using methanol as a raw material to prepare hydrogen and provide fuel for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, hydrogen can be used immediately after production, which significantly improves the flexibility and economy of the system, and the application field has also been greatly broadened.

[0003] The methanol hydrogen production technology mainly includes: methanol cracking hydrogen production, methanol steam reforming hydrogen production, methanol partial oxidation hydrogen production and methanol autothermal reforming hydrogen production. Among them, methanol steam reforming hydrogen production has a high hydrogen production rate, low requirements for reaction temperature and pressure, and the reaction products contain hydrogen, carbon dioxide and a small amount of carbon monoxide. It is one of the most promising hydrogen production methods. For traditional low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, carbon monoxide can cause catalyst poisoning, and the hydrogen-rich gas produced by methanol steam reforming hydrogen production needs to be cooled and purified before it can be used. In contrast, high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells use special electrolyte membranes that can operate in a temperature range of 120-200°C. High temperature improves the catalyst's tolerance to carbon monoxide, reduces the complexity of water and heat management, and can be directly connected to the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system. The operating temperature of methanol steam reforming hydrogen production is relatively high, generally 200-300°C, and relies on external heat to meet the temperature conditions, while the existing methanol reforming hydrogen production system has a low thermal utilization rate. Therefore, we propose an efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high-temperature fuel cell cogeneration system. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problem of low thermal utilization rate of existing methanol reforming hydrogen production systems in the background technology, and to propose an efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high-temperature fuel cell cogeneration system, which improves the thermal utilization rate of the methanol reforming hydrogen production system while ensuring that the performance of the fuel cell is not affected, while reducing the amount of methanol used.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: an efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high-temperature fuel cell cogeneration system, including a methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system, a thermal management system and a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system;

[0006] The methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system is used to generate hydrogen-rich gas to provide a battery anode for the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system;

[0007] The thermal management system is used to recycle the waste heat generated by the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system and provide heat for the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system;

[0008] The high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system is used to generate electrical energy and provide it to a load.

[0009] Optionally, the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system includes a pure water tank, a methanol tank, a first metering pump, a second metering pump, a methanol-water mixing tank, a third metering pump, a pre-evaporation chamber, a reforming chamber, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a combustion chamber, an igniter, a heater, a reformer, a fourth metering pump, air, a first air filter, a first blower, a first insulation layer, a gas-liquid separator, a second solenoid valve, a waste liquid recovery tank, a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve, and low-temperature hydrogen-rich gas.

[0010] Optionally, the thermal management system includes a second insulation layer, a third heat exchanger, a first water storage tank, a first solenoid valve, a first user, a third insulation layer, a first three-way valve, a fourth insulation layer, a fifth insulation layer, a fourth heat exchanger, a second water storage tank, a third solenoid valve, a second user, a fifth heat exchanger, a first low-temperature exhaust gas, and a second low-temperature exhaust gas.

[0011] Optionally, the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system includes air, a second air filter, a second blower, a drying adsorption device, a cooling fan, a triethylene glycol tank, a circulation pump, a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a cathode tail exhaust port, a cathode tail exhaust gas, an anode tail exhaust port, a first DC / DC converter, a DC bus, a second DC / DC converter, a third DC / DC converter, a DC / AC converter, a lithium battery, a DC load, and an AC load.

[0012] Optionally, the first metering pump is respectively connected to the pure water tank and the methanol-water mixing tank, the second metering pump is respectively connected to the methanol tank and the methanol-water mixing tank, the fourth metering pump is respectively connected to the methanol tank and the combustion chamber, the third metering pump is used to connect the methanol-water mixing tank and the pre-evaporation chamber, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are respectively used to preheat the pre-evaporation chamber and the reforming chamber, and a pipeline for methanol vapor and water vapor to enter is provided between the pre-evaporation chamber and the reforming chamber.

[0013] Optionally, the combustion chamber is used to provide heat for the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, the heater and the igniter are both arranged on the combustion chamber, the second three-way valve and the third three-way valve are arranged between the reforming chamber and the combustion chamber, the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the combustion chamber, and a pipe for the air to pass through is provided between the first air filter, the first blower and the combustion chamber. The cooling fan is used to dissipate heat and cool the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the circulating pump is used to circulate triethylene glycol between the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the triethylene glycol tank and the fifth heat exchanger to increase the temperature of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0014] Optionally, the reformer includes a pre-evaporation chamber, a reforming chamber, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a combustion chamber, an igniter, a heater, and a first insulation layer; the gas-liquid separator is used to separate the hydrogen-rich gas output by the reformer; and the output end of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the waste liquid recovery tank.

[0015] Optionally, the third heat exchanger is used to cool the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas output by the reformer and heat the first water storage tank at the same time. The first solenoid valve is arranged between the first water storage tank and the first user. The fifth heat exchanger is used to cool the high-temperature exhaust gas and preheat the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell at the same time. When the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell operates stably, the high-temperature exhaust gas enters the fourth heat exchanger through the first three-way valve bypass. The fourth heat exchanger is used to cool the high-temperature exhaust gas. The third solenoid valve is arranged between the second water storage tank and the second user. The high-temperature gas transmission pipelines connecting the various components are covered with an insulation layer, and the insulation layer includes a second insulation layer, a third insulation layer, a fourth insulation layer, and a fifth insulation layer.

[0016] Optionally, the dry adsorption device is used to dryly adsorb low-temperature hydrogen-rich gas, the output end of the dry adsorption device is connected to the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the second air filter used to purify the air is connected to the input end of the second blower, the output end of the second blower is connected to the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the cathode tail exhaust port is used to discharge the cathode tail exhaust gas, the anode tail exhaust port is connected to the combustion chamber, and the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, lithium battery, DC load and AC load are respectively connected to the DC bus via the first DC / DC converter, the second DC / DC converter, the third DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter.

[0017] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0018] 1. The present invention reduces the fuel usage of the reforming system by recovering the tail exhaust hydrogen of the fuel cell and burning the hydrogen-rich gas output by the reforming system in the startup phase to generate heat. In the stable operation phase, part of the hydrogen-rich gas is bypassed for hydrogen blending and combustion, further reducing the fuel usage and carbon dioxide emissions, improving the thermal utilization rate of the methanol reforming hydrogen production system, and reducing the use of methanol at the same time;

[0019] 2. The present invention improves the energy efficiency of the system by recycling the waste heat of the reformer and the heat of the output gas, and separates the methanol in the output gas to ensure that the performance of the fuel cell is not affected; at the same time, the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production in the present invention is directly connected to the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, so that hydrogen can be produced and used immediately, eliminating the hydrogen storage and transportation and purification links, simplifying the system, and improving flexibility and economy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a high-efficiency methanol reforming hydrogen production high-temperature fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention is given;

[0021] Figure 2 A working flow diagram of a methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system in the present invention is provided;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal management system workflow diagram in the present invention is given;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of the working flow diagram of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell system of the present invention is given.

[0024] 1. Water tank; 2. Methanol tank; 3. First metering pump; 4. Second metering pump; 5. Methanol-water mixing tank; 6. Third metering pump; 7. Pre-evaporation chamber; 8. Reforming chamber; 9. First heat exchanger; 10. Second heat exchanger; 11. Combustion chamber; 12. Ignitor; 13. Heater; 14. Reformer; 15. Fourth metering pump; 16. Air; 17. First air filter; 18. First blower; 19. First insulation layer; 20. Second insulation layer; 21. Third heat exchanger; 22. First water storage tank; 23. First solenoid valve; 24. First user; 25. Gas-liquid separator; 26. Second solenoid valve; 27. Waste liquid recovery tank; 28. Third insulation layer; 29. ​​First three-way valve; 30. Fourth insulation layer; 31. Fifth insulation layer; 32. Fourth heat exchanger device; 33, second water storage tank; 34, third solenoid valve; 35, second user; 36, second air filter; 37, second blower; 38, second three-way valve; 39, third three-way valve; 40, drying adsorption device; 41, cooling fan; 42, triethylene glycol tank; 43, fifth heat exchanger; 44, circulation pump; 45, first low-temperature exhaust gas; 46, low-temperature hydrogen-rich gas; 47, second low-temperature exhaust gas; 48, high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell; 49, cathode tail outlet; 50, cathode tail exhaust gas; 51, anode tail outlet; 52, first DC / DC converter; 53, DC bus; 54, second DC / DC converter; 55, third DC / DC converter; 56, DC / AC converter; 57, lithium battery; 58, DC load; 59, AC load. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0026] The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] Example

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes an efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high-temperature fuel cell cogeneration system, including a methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system, a thermal management system and a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system. The methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system is used to generate hydrogen-rich gas and provide a battery anode for the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system; the thermal management system is used to recycle the waste heat generated by the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system and provide heat for the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system; the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system is used to generate electrical energy to provide to the load;

[0033] The methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system includes a pure water tank 1, a methanol tank 2, a first metering pump 3, a second metering pump 4, a methanol-water mixing tank 5, a third metering pump 6, a pre-evaporation chamber 7, a reforming chamber 8, a first heat exchanger 9, a second heat exchanger 10, a combustion chamber 11, an igniter 12, a heater 13, a reformer 14, a fourth metering pump 15, air 16, a first air filter 17, a first blower 18, a first insulation layer 19, a gas-liquid separator 25, a second solenoid valve 26, a waste liquid recovery tank 27, a second three-way valve 38, a third three-way valve 39, and a low-temperature hydrogen-rich gas 46. The input raw materials of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system include: methanol, pure water, hydrogen-rich gas and air, and the output is a high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas obtained by the reforming reaction and a high-temperature exhaust gas generated by gas combustion. The high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas and the high-temperature exhaust gas are heat energy carriers and are provided to the thermal management system. The high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas is provided to the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system after cooling, drying and adsorption processes.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the working process of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system specifically includes the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: The heater 13 works to preheat the combustion chamber 11. Since the boiling point of methanol under normal pressure is 64.51°C, and the higher the temperature, the lower the vaporization heat of methanol, in order to ensure the success rate of ignition and combustion of the combustion chamber, the preheating target of the combustion chamber 11 is set to 100°C;

[0036] Step 2: When the temperature of the combustion chamber 11 is preheated to 100° C., the fourth metering pump 15 starts working to pump the methanol stored in the methanol tank 2 into the combustion chamber 11. The methanol is preheated and vaporized after entering the combustion chamber 11. Then the first blower 18 blows the air 16 purified by the first air filter 17 into the combustion chamber 11 to provide oxygen for combustion.

[0037] Step 3: The igniter 12 works to ignite the methanol vapor, and the heat released by the combustion is used to maintain the temperature of the combustion chamber 11, and the heater 13 stops working. After the methanol vapor is ignited, the igniter 12 stops working after a delay of 3 seconds;

[0038] Step 4: The combustion of methanol releases heat, thereby generating high-temperature exhaust gas, the components of which are mainly carbon dioxide, water vapor and air not involved in combustion. The heat is transferred to the pre-evaporation chamber 7 through the first heat exchanger 9 to preheat it, and the heat is transferred to the reforming chamber 8 through the second heat exchanger 10 to preheat it. The remaining heat is output by the reformer 14. The preheating target of the reforming chamber 8 is set to 250°C. In comparison, the pre-evaporation chamber 7 is used for preheating and vaporizing methanol water, and the temperature requirement is relatively low. The heat transferred by the heat exchanger can completely vaporize the methanol water. In order to reduce heat loss, the first insulation layer 19 completely wraps the reformer 14;

[0039] Step 5: When the temperature of the reforming chamber 8 is uniformly preheated to 250°C, the first metering pump 3 and the second metering pump 4 start working, and respectively pump the pure water stored in the pure water tank 1 and the methanol stored in the methanol tank 2 into the methanol-water mixing tank 5 for mixing, so as to form a methanol-water solution with a certain water-to-alcohol ratio. Since increasing the amount of pure water can promote the improvement of the methanol conversion rate, but only when the methanol is not completely reacted, the water-to-alcohol ratio should be greater than 1, that is, the amount of pure water added is more than that of methanol, and the water-to-alcohol ratio is preferably 1.6. The actual control speed ratio of the first metering pump 3 and the second metering pump 4 is 1.6;

[0040] Step 6: The third metering pump 6 pumps the methanol water stored in the methanol water mixing tank 5 into the pre-evaporation chamber 7, and after preheating and vaporization, it is passed into the reforming chamber 8, where methanol and water vapor undergo a reforming reaction under the action of a catalyst to obtain hydrogen-rich gas;

[0041] Due to the uneven spatial heat transfer, a temperature gradient will exist in the reforming chamber 8, which will affect the performance of the catalyst, and further affect the stability of hydrogen production and the proportion of the resulting gas components. To address this problem, the corresponding hydrogen-rich gas can be recycled and bypassed to the combustion chamber 11 through the second three-way valve 38 and the third three-way valve 39 for combustion and heat generation, thereby reducing the use of methanol. In addition, in the stable hydrogen production stage, part of the hydrogen is bypassed to the combustion chamber 11 through the second three-way valve 38 and the third three-way valve 39 to achieve hydrogen-blended combustion, reducing the use of methanol while reducing carbon dioxide emissions. In the event of an emergency shutdown of the system, the second three-way valve 38 and the third three-way valve 39 can bypass the low-temperature hydrogen-rich gas 46 to the atmosphere;

[0042] Step 7: The reformer 14 outputs high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas, which contains a small amount of unreacted methanol. To ensure that the performance of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell directly connected to the subsequent stage is not affected by it, the obtained high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas is cooled through the third heat exchanger 21, and then the gas is separated through the gas-liquid separator 25. The obtained liquid components are unreacted methanol and water. The second solenoid valve 26 is controlled to allow the separated methanol water to flow into the waste liquid recovery tank 27 for later recovery and reprocessing;

[0043] In addition, the thermal management system includes a second insulation layer 20, a third heat exchanger 21, a first water storage tank 22, a first solenoid valve 23, a first user 24, a third insulation layer 28, a first three-way valve 29, a fourth insulation layer 30, a fifth insulation layer 31, a fourth heat exchanger 32, a second water storage tank 33, a third solenoid valve 34, a second user 35, a fifth heat exchanger 43, a first low-temperature exhaust gas 45, and a second low-temperature exhaust gas 47. The heat of the thermal management system comes from the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system, and the output high-temperature gas is a heat carrier. The heat recovery is used to preheat the water storage tank and the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 respectively;

[0044] like Figure 3As shown, the working process of the thermal management system includes a high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas branch and a high-temperature exhaust gas branch;

[0045] The high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas branch includes: the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas is cooled by the third heat exchanger 21, the heat is transferred to the first water storage tank 22 to preheat the water stored therein, and then the hot water is provided to the first user 24 through the first solenoid valve 23;

[0046] The high temperature exhaust gas branch includes the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: During the startup phase, the high-temperature exhaust gas output by the reformer 14 is transmitted to the fifth heat exchanger 43 through the first three-way valve 29, and then the first low-temperature exhaust gas 45 is output, and the heat is transferred to the heat transfer agent, which circulates and then transfers the obtained heat to the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 to achieve preheating, and the preheating temperature is preferably 160°C;

[0048] Step 2: After the startup is completed, the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 enters a stable working state, generates heat while generating electricity, and is related to the power generation of the fuel cell. When the power generation is large, the heat generated by the fuel cell can meet its own temperature requirements, and the first three-way valve 29 can completely bypass the high-temperature exhaust gas to the fourth heat exchanger 32, and the heat is transferred to the second water storage tank 33 to heat the stored water, output the second low-temperature exhaust gas 47, and then provide it to the second user 35 through the third solenoid valve 34; when the power generation is small, the heat generated by the fuel cell cannot meet its own temperature requirements, and part of the high-temperature exhaust gas is still needed to provide heat to jointly maintain its own temperature; adjust the opening of the first three-way valve 29, and transmit the input high-temperature exhaust gas to the fifth heat exchanger 43 and the fourth heat exchanger 32 respectively. The opening of the first three-way valve 29 is related to the power generation of the fuel cell;

[0049] Finally, the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system includes air 16, a second air filter 36, a second blower 37, a drying adsorption device 40, a cooling fan 41, a triethylene glycol tank 42, a circulation pump 44, a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48, a cathode tail outlet 49, a cathode tail exhaust gas 50, an anode tail outlet 51, a first DC / DC converter 52, a DC bus 53, a second DC / DC converter 54, a third DC / DC converter 55, a DC / AC converter 56, a lithium battery 57, a DC load 58, and an AC load 59;

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, the working process of the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Using triethylene glycol as a heat transfer medium to achieve heat exchange with the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48. During the startup phase, the circulation pump 44 operates to circulate triethylene glycol between the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48, the triethylene glycol tank 42 and the fifth heat exchanger 43, transferring the heat carried by the high-temperature exhaust gas to the fuel cell to evenly and quickly heat it up;

[0052] Step 2: When the temperature of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 reaches 160°C, the hydrogen-rich gas produced by the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system is processed by the dry adsorption device 40 and then input to the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48. At the same time, the air 16 is purified by the second air filter 36 and then blown into the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 by the second blower 37. Under the action of the catalyst, the input gas undergoes an electrochemical reaction inside the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 to generate electricity, accompanied by heat generation. When the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 has a large electrical power, the heat generated can meet its own temperature requirements, and it no longer needs high-temperature exhaust gas to provide heat for it;

[0053] When the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 continuously works, the heat generated by the fuel cell 48 causes its own temperature to rise continuously. In order to prevent the catalyst performance from deteriorating due to overheating, when the temperature of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 exceeds a certain value, the cooling fan 41 works to transfer the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction to the outside, so that the fuel cell temperature is kept within a reasonable range. The working temperature of the cooling fan 41 is preferably 185°C. When the power of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 is relatively small, the heat generated is difficult to meet its own temperature requirements, and the high-temperature exhaust gas is still needed to provide heat to it.

[0054] Step 3: Adjust the intake volume of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 to change the output power to match the load. When the load increases, the lithium battery 57 first discharges the DC bus 53 through the second DC / DC converter 54 to maintain voltage stability. After the system enters a steady state, increase the intake volume of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 to increase the output power, transfer it to the DC bus 53 through the first DC / DC converter 52 to maintain voltage stability, and further charge the lithium battery 57 through the second DC / DC converter 54. When the load decreases, the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 still maintains the DC bus 53 voltage stability, the output power of the first DC / DC converter 52 decreases, and the intake volume of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48 is reduced after stabilization;

[0055] Step 4: The cathode tail exhaust gas 50 is directly discharged from the cathode tail exhaust port 49 of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 48. Its components include unreacted oxygen and nitrogen in the cathode input air, and water generated by the electrochemical reaction inside the fuel cell, and it is in a vapor state; at the same time, the gas components discharged from the anode tail exhaust port 51 mainly include unreacted hydrogen, carbon dioxide and a small amount of carbon monoxide in the anode input hydrogen-rich gas. Obviously, this part of the gas can be recycled and input into the combustion chamber 11 of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system for combustion and heat generation, which can reduce the use of methanol fuel.

[0056] The above specific embodiments are only several optional embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical solutions of the present invention and the relevant inspirations of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.

Claims

1. An efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high temperature fuel cell cogeneration system, characterized in that: Including methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system, thermal management system and high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system; The methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system is used to generate hydrogen-rich gas to provide a battery anode for the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system; The thermal management system is used to recycle the waste heat generated by the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system and provide heat for the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system; The high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system is used to generate electrical energy and provide it to a load.

2. The efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high temperature fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system comprises a pure water tank (1), a methanol tank (2), a first metering pump (3), a second metering pump (4), a methanol water mixing tank (5), a third metering pump (6), a pre-evaporation chamber (7), a reforming chamber (8), a first heat exchanger (9), a second heat exchanger (10), a combustion chamber (11), an igniter (12), a heater (13), a reformer (14), a fourth metering pump (15), air (16), a first air filter (17), a first blower (18), a first insulation layer (19), a gas-liquid separator (25), a second solenoid valve (26), a waste liquid recovery tank (27), a second three-way valve (38), a third three-way valve (39), and low-temperature hydrogen-rich gas (46).

3. The efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high temperature fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thermal management system comprises a second thermal insulation layer (20), a third heat exchanger (21), a first water storage tank (22), a first solenoid valve (23), a first user (24), a third thermal insulation layer (28), a first three-way valve (29), a fourth thermal insulation layer (30), a fifth thermal insulation layer (31), a fourth heat exchanger (32), a second water storage tank (33), a third solenoid valve (34), a second user (35), a fifth heat exchanger (43), a first low-temperature exhaust gas (45), and a second low-temperature exhaust gas (47).

4. The efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high temperature fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system comprises air (16), a second air filter (36), a second blower (37), a drying adsorption device (40), a cooling fan (41), a triethylene glycol tank (42), a circulation pump (44), a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (48), a cathode tail outlet (49), a cathode tail exhaust gas (50), an anode tail outlet (51), a first DC / DC converter (52), a DC bus (53), a second DC / DC converter (54), a third DC / DC converter (55), a DC / AC converter (56), a lithium battery (57), a DC load (58), and an AC load (59).

5. The efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high temperature fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first metering pump (3) is respectively connected to the pure water tank (1) and the methanol-water mixing tank (5); the second metering pump (4) is respectively connected to the methanol tank (2) and the methanol-water mixing tank (5); the fourth metering pump (15) is respectively connected to the methanol tank (2) and the combustion chamber (11); the third metering pump (6) is used to connect the methanol-water mixing tank (5) and the pre-evaporation chamber (7); the first heat exchanger (9) and the second heat exchanger (10) are respectively used to preheat the pre-evaporation chamber (7) and the reforming chamber (8); and a pipeline for methanol vapor and water vapor to enter is provided between the pre-evaporation chamber (7) and the reforming chamber (8).

6. The efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high temperature fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (11) is used to provide heat for the first heat exchanger (9) and the second heat exchanger (10); the heater (13) and the igniter (12) are both arranged on the combustion chamber (11); the second three-way valve (38) and the third three-way valve (39) are arranged between the reforming chamber (8) and the combustion chamber (11); the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (48) is connected to the combustion chamber (11); a pipe for the air (16) to pass through is arranged between the first air filter (17), the first blower (18) and the combustion chamber (11); the cooling fan (41) is used to dissipate heat and cool the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (48); and the circulating pump (44) is used to circulate triethylene glycol between the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (48), the triethylene glycol tank (42) and the fifth heat exchanger (43) so as to increase the temperature of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (48).

7. The efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high temperature fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reformer (14) comprises a pre-evaporation chamber (7), a reforming chamber (8), a first heat exchanger (9), a second heat exchanger (10), a combustion chamber (11), an igniter (12), a heater (13), and a first insulation layer (19); the gas-liquid separator (25) is used to separate the hydrogen-rich gas output from the reformer (14); and the output end of the gas-liquid separator (25) is connected to the waste liquid recovery tank (27).

8. The efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high temperature fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The third heat exchanger is used to cool the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas output by the reformer (14) and heat the first water storage tank (22) at the same time. The first solenoid valve (23) is arranged between the first water storage tank (22) and the first user (24). The fifth heat exchanger (43) is used to cool the high-temperature exhaust gas and preheat the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (48) at the same time. The fourth heat exchanger (32) is used to cool the high-temperature exhaust gas. The third solenoid valve (34) is arranged between the second water storage tank (33) and the second user (35). The high-temperature gas transmission pipelines connected between the various components are covered with a thermal insulation layer, and the thermal insulation layer includes a second thermal insulation layer (20), a third thermal insulation layer (28), a fourth thermal insulation layer (30), and a fifth thermal insulation layer (31).

9. The efficient methanol reforming hydrogen production high temperature fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dry adsorption device (40) is used for dry adsorption of low-temperature hydrogen-rich gas. The output end of the dry adsorption device (40) is connected to the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (48). The second air filter (36) for purifying the air (16) is connected to the input end of the second blower (37). The output end of the second blower (37) is connected to the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (48). The cathode tail outlet (49) is used to discharge the cathode tail exhaust gas (50). The anode tail outlet (51) is connected to the combustion chamber (11). The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (48), the lithium battery (57), the DC load (58) and the AC load (59) are connected to the DC bus (53) via the first DC / DC converter (52), the second DC / DC converter (54), the third DC / DC converter (55) and the DC / AC converter (56), respectively.

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