Marine lithium battery multi-operating condition management system and control method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-condition management system for marine lithium batteries and a control method thereof. Autonomous management under multiple conditions, such as discharge conditions, charging conditions, fault or emergency conditions, etc. When the system is in use, the system enters an automatic operation process through condition selection, and realizes intelligent management of the whole process through multi-level battery status holographic monitoring, modeling and evaluation. Through current, ambient temperature detection and ambient temperature OTP detection, an ampere-hour integration method battery status data processing method is developed to achieve high-precision current detection and support SOC / SOH estimation of battery clusters; it supports the acquisition and processing of real-time data information of slave controlled batteries through CAN, and realizes the management and control of battery cluster charging and discharging after data processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ship power battery systems, and in particular relates to a multi-operating-condition management system for ship lithium batteries and a control method thereof. Technical Background

[0002] The marine battery system should meet relevant standards such as GB / T 31241-2022 "Safety Requirements for Lithium-ion Batteries and Battery Packs for Portable Electronic Products", and have intelligent protection functions such as overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, short circuit protection, overvoltage protection, load protection, high temperature protection, and over-power protection. The battery management system (BMS) should be able to monitor the battery status (state of charge, voltage, current, temperature, etc.) and provide a communication interface and protection system for the battery. At the same time, the battery system should be able to meet the anti-corrosion requirements of the marine environment, and not smoke or catch fire when subjected to strong vibration, falling, or squeezing, ensuring the reliability of the battery in harsh environments.

[0003] However, during long-term use, the battery may have problems such as gradual failure of the electrolyte and consumption of the electrolyte, which will lead to too little electrolyte participating in the electrochemical reaction inside the battery, affecting the conduction of ions in the battery, and thus reducing the battery performance. Patent CN115833332A discloses a new type of BMS battery management system, which controls the voltage compensation adjustment module to perform electric energy compensation control on the balancing control module and controls the charging and discharging of multiple battery module circuits in the battery module, and realizes the balanced control of multiple battery module circuits. Patent application CN117423915A discloses a BMS battery management system, including a main control unit, which is connected to one or more battery cluster management units (BCMU) through a Can bus, collects data to calculate the total amount and evaluation status in real time, and forwards the data to the energy management system (EMS) and the energy storage converter (PCS) to realize information linkage. The advantage of this system is that each group of batteries can achieve equal output, ensuring that the system reaches the best operating state and the longest operating time. However, no specific instructions are given on how to ensure that each group of batteries achieves equal output. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-operating condition management system for marine lithium batteries, which realizes autonomous management under discharge, charging, fault or emergency conditions through multi-level battery status holographic monitoring, modeling and evaluation.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a marine lithium battery multi-operating condition management system, comprising a plurality of lithium battery devices, control devices, external equipment, communication links, control devices and monitoring devices arranged in parallel; a power supply circuit is arranged between the lithium battery device and the external equipment, a control signal line is connected between the control device and the external equipment, and a communication link is arranged between the control device and the lithium battery device, the external equipment, the control device and the monitoring device; the control device has the functions of general control, master control and slave control management to implement the safe operation of the system; the monitoring device is provided with fault and emergency alarm and processing functions, and the lithium battery device provides power demand and safety guarantee for the operation of the external equipment under the coordinated operation of the control device, the communication link, the control device and the monitoring device;

[0006] The lithium battery device comprises a plurality of distributed lithium battery assemblies; the lithium battery assembly comprises a lithium battery cluster and a main controller 1, the plurality of distributed lithium battery assemblies are converged into a parallel mode through an external device to provide a large-capacity energy source; the main controller 1 realizes operation monitoring and management of the lithium battery group;

[0007] The control device includes a power module, a master control module and a display screen. The control device provides monitoring and management services to the main controller of the lithium battery device and the peripheral modules of the external devices, the data center of the control device, and the execution device in a communication connection manner, including data collection, processing, transmission and instruction information interaction; the external devices include a confluence module, a load module and a peripheral module; the peripheral module includes a power management system PMS or an energy management system EMS;

[0008] The control device includes a computer and management software, a human-machine interface HMI and a display terminal. The management software is provided with a slave control management module, a master control management module and a master control management module; the execution device includes a battery compartment monitoring alarm module and a driving console monitoring alarm module;

[0009] The lithium battery cluster includes a plurality of lithium battery packs, each of which is provided with an independent slave control board, a battery module, and a sensor component, and at the same time, each lithium battery pack shares a terminal and a DC 24V power supply; a microprocessor, an integrated detection circuit AFE, and a voltage-dividing detection circuit are arranged on the slave control board, and a CAN communication input and a CAN communication output are also arranged on the slave control board; the sensor component includes an NTC sensor and an integrated detection circuit AFE and a voltage-dividing detection circuit on the slave control board, and the NTC sensor is arranged on the battery module; the microprocessor and the sensor component on the slave control board work together, and have data acquisition, data processing and communication functions to collect the single cell voltage, charging and discharging single cell temperature and over-temperature protection OTP single cell temperature of the module battery cell, the integrated detection circuit AFE and the peripheral circuit are used to detect the single cell voltage of the module battery cell, and the NTC sensor and the voltage-dividing detection circuit are used to detect the charging and discharging single cell temperature and over-temperature protection OTP single cell temperature of the module battery cell;

[0010] The main controller 1 is used to realize control input, data acquisition, data processing, control output and communication functions, including a main control board, an acquisition component, a communication interface 1, a communication interface 2, a communication interface 3, a DC24V interface, a circuit component and a high-voltage box for installation; the main control board is provided with 6 dry contacts DO, 6 detection signal inputs DI, and current detection, temperature detection, and total pressure / insulation detection signal acquisition channels; the main controller 1 realizes control input by judging whether the working state of the circuit component is abnormal or whether the protection function of the detection system is abnormal according to the feedback signal after the output of the 6 dry contacts DO;

[0011] The CAN communication input of the first lithium battery pack of the lithium battery cluster is connected to the communication interface 1 of the main control board, and the CAN communication output is connected to the CAN communication input of the second lithium battery pack from the control board, ..., and the CAN communication output of the last lithium battery pack from the control board is connected to the shared terminal; the battery modules between the multiple lithium battery packs are connected in series, and the positive and negative output terminals of the lithium battery cluster are respectively connected to the two access terminals of the circuit component;

[0012] The circuit component includes fuse 1, current sensor, relay 1, manual switch MSD, fuse 2 and relay 2; fuse 1, current sensor, relay 1 and manual switch are arranged in sequence from battery cluster 1 to the confluence module, the other end of fuse 1 is connected to the positive circuit output end of the battery cluster and the access point of the circuit component, the other end of the manual switch is connected to the negative output end of the circuit component, and is connected to the confluence module; fuse 2 is connected to relay 2, and the other end of fuse 2 is connected to the negative circuit output end of the battery cluster and the access point of the circuit component, the other end of relay 2 is connected to the negative output end of the circuit component and is connected to the confluence module; the positive circuit and the negative circuit constitute the main loop; the current sensor is connected to the main control board through a signal line to realize current signal collection; relay 1 and relay 2 are connected to the dry contact DO on the main control board through a signal line to realize control output;

[0013] Control output includes controlling the high-voltage relay to close successively during the charging and discharging process, and disconnecting the high-voltage relay under certain conditions during operation, such as generating a three-level alarm, charging completion, and stopping charging and discharging;

[0014] The acquisition components of the main controller 1 include two types: data acquisition and signal acquisition. It is equipped with voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors, resistance sensors, and circuit and device protection signal detection circuits. The collected data and signal parameters include total voltage, insulation resistance, ambient temperature and OTP ambient temperature, temperature disconnection, charging and discharging current, and manual switch signal.

[0015] The total voltage detection includes the total voltage of the battery end and the total voltage of the load end. When the high-voltage relay is not closed, the voltage of the battery end is collected. When the high-voltage relay is closed, the voltage of the load end is collected. When the high-voltage relay is closed, the main circuit current of the high-voltage box is monitored in real time through the current sensor during the battery charging or discharging process to estimate the charge state of the battery cluster, that is, the remaining power SOC of the battery. When the battery is charging or discharging, the ampere-hour integration method is used to track the battery power changes in real time to provide the estimated value of the remaining power SOC of the battery in real time:

[0016] SOC=SOC0±∫η·(I·dt) / Q;

[0017] Where I represents the current, Q represents the rated total capacity of the battery, dt represents the time interval, η represents the charge and discharge efficiency, the charging process takes the "+" sign, and the discharging process takes the "-" sign; SOC0 represents the current battery state of charge.

[0018] As a preferred solution, data sets of different battery life N, battery temperature T, and battery state of charge SOC values ​​are collected, and a two-dimensional relationship model is formed according to the battery life N, battery temperature T and the corresponding battery state of charge SOC value. Then, the battery life N is grouped according to the range of battery life, and a one-dimensional model of the influence of battery temperature T under different life N on the battery state of charge SOC value is formed; then, each group of data is curve fitted using a polynomial or exponential equation, and the SOC-T relationship of the battery under different battery temperatures T is fitted to correct the estimated value of the SOC.

[0019] As a preferred solution, the control device includes a data center, a slave control management module, a master control management module, a master control management module, a computer, and a display device; the slave control management module is responsible for periodically collecting and sending voltage and temperature data, refreshing EEPROM data, and initializing CAN and RS485 queues; the main function of the master control management module is to periodically collect battery terminal voltage, load terminal voltage, main circuit current, input power supply voltage through the master control program thread instruction acquisition component, periodically refresh thresholds, summarize information, compare thresholds, send data, periodically calculate battery state of charge SOC, battery state of health SOH, and power-on self-test to confirm whether the insulation is good, and initialize communication CAN and RS485 queues; the master control management module executes system startup and initialization, communicates with the master controller, summarizes data for multiple master controllers, periodically uploads data to the human-machine interface HMI and displays it, receives external instructions and executes corresponding operations.

[0020] As a preferred solution, the monitoring device includes a battery compartment monitoring and alarm component and a console monitoring and alarm component. The monitoring device is used for status monitoring, display, fault alarm and fault handling operations of the battery management system operation process. When the equipment fails, the system gives a fault alarm signal to provide fault handling prompts to the operator, record historical fault information and handling solutions for timely maintenance and fault handling.

[0021] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a data collection and management method for the above-mentioned marine lithium battery multi-operating condition management system.

[0022] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a data collection and management method for a multi-operating-condition management system of a marine lithium battery, comprising the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: System startup

[0024] The system is powered on and performs self-test and initialization

[0025] Step 2: Task Scheduling

[0026] After the system is started, the slave control management module, master control management module and general control management module in the control device automatically create threads and implement task scheduling;

[0027] Step 3: Data collection and storage

[0028] The slave control board, main control board, acquisition component and master control module provided in the lithium battery device and the control device automatically collect or receive data periodically and save it to EEPROM by cooperating with the control device;

[0029] Step 4: Data processing and execution

[0030] The slave control management module, the master control management module and the master control management module in the control device process the data within the jurisdiction respectively, and convert the processing results into control execution instructions. The control instructions are divided into two categories: the first category is the system internal data processing instructions; the second category is the external human-computer interaction instructions; the first category of instructions executes step S41; the second category of instructions executes step S42;

[0031] S41: Internal data processing instructions

[0032] A: Take out all data uploaded by the master management module from the CAN buffer in real time;

[0033] B: Aggregate the data uploaded by multiple master management modules, and upload the aggregated data to the human-machine interface HMI for display after the delay period expires;

[0034] C: Determine the current state of the main controller, display the real-time data, alarm, and system state of the current main controller, and use the maximum and minimum value functions to calculate the maximum charge and discharge current in the data sequence;

[0035] D: The master control module takes the minimum value from the SOC values ​​uploaded by the main controller 1 to obtain the minimum power of the system as the basis for charging and discharging;

[0036] E: The master control module calculates the cell voltage difference based on the maximum cell voltage of the battery cluster minus the minimum cell voltage, and the cell temperature difference based on the maximum cell temperature of the battery cluster minus the minimum cell temperature, and determines whether there is overvoltage and overtemperature through threshold comparison for warning processing;

[0037] S42: External command response and execution

[0038] Receive commands from the human-machine interface HMI or button control input, including start charging, start discharging, stop charging, stop discharging, and send them to each main control management module through CAN communication. During operation, control the signal light to display the operating status. If an alarm occurs, control the sound and light alarm to sound an alarm;

[0039] Control inputs include:

[0040] A: Select the local / remote operation mode of the battery pack, receive the start or stop command to control the high voltage power-on of the main controller and reset the fault;

[0041] B: The protection function of the detection system. When the emergency stop button is pressed during the normal operation of the system, the normally closed contact is disconnected, which immediately triggers an alarm and cuts off the power output of the battery pack;

[0042] C: Configure the battery pack parameters in the human-machine interface (HMI) and send some parameters to the main control management module through the CAN bus;

[0043] The control output includes: during the charging and discharging process, the indicator light shows the current operation status, and when an alarm is generated, an audible and visual alarm is issued to handle system faults to ensure the safety of system operation;

[0044] Step 5: End system operation

[0045] If a system power-off command is received, the system is shut down and the operation ends; otherwise, go to step 3.

[0046] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a control method for the above-mentioned marine lithium battery multi-operating condition management system.

[0047] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a control method of a marine lithium battery multi-operating condition management system, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Turn on the control power and start the system

[0049] Supply 24V control power to the control device, and the control device, main controller 1, communication link, slave control board, and control device of the system start and run in sequence, and the main controller 1 communicates with the peripheral module; if the startup is successful, execute step 2, otherwise, restart;

[0050] Step 2: System enable thread

[0051] The system starts the thread, and the general control management module, the main control management module and the slave control management module each execute their own thread;

[0052] Step 3: Selective start battery components

[0053] Start each set battery cluster of the lithium battery device, so that the external device obtains electric energy, and supplies power to the load module through the bus module, including the propulsion load and the daily load;

[0054] Step 4: Operation and process control

[0055] The system performs a discharge operation, including daily load and propulsion load, which are selected by the ship driver according to the work task. The daily load is powered by step S41; the propulsion load is powered by step S42;

[0056] S41: Daily load power supply

[0057] The battery pack is high voltage, and the inverter and daily electricity are started. At this time, the whole ship is powered by daily 220V, and the collection components are started;

[0058] S42: Propulsion load power supply

[0059] Press the start button of the corresponding propulsion motor. After the motor starts, push the handle to control the forward and backward movement of the ship, and turn the steering gear to control the direction of the ship. At this time, the ship is in a sailing state, and the control device continues to operate; when the general control management module and the main control management module issue instructions, execute the corresponding instruction processing, including:

[0060] (1) Normal charging: If the battery is insufficient, proceed to step 5.

[0061] (2) Fault alarm: If the system fails, go to step 6;

[0062] (3) Emergency handling: If an abnormal return occurs, proceed to step 7;

[0063] (4) System power off: When the voyage ends or a special mission is required, proceed to step 8.

[0064] When the ship is in navigation state, if the system has no instructions, continue with this step;

[0065] Step 5: Charging

[0066] When the system detects that the SOC value of the lithium battery is less than 25%, the system will arrange the charging operation after issuing a charging operation alarm, or when the battery SOC value is less than 80% when the ship is docked at the dock, the charging operation can be carried out; charging is divided into shore power charging and charging pile charging, shore power charging executes S51; charging pile charging executes S52; after charging is completed, execute step S53; if a fault occurs during the charging process, execute step 6;

[0067] S51: Shore power charging

[0068] For battery charging, the 380V power supply of the shore power supply must be connected, and the control power must be supplied to the system, and then the inverter is enabled to charge the battery; if a fault occurs during the charging process, execute step 6; otherwise, execute S53;

[0069] S52: Charging at a charging station

[0070] After the control power is supplied to the ship, the charging gun is inserted into the corresponding socket, and the general controller automatically sends a high-voltage command to the main controller, and the power is automatically turned off and the gun is removed after it is fully charged;

[0071] S53: Charging completed

[0072] After charging is completed, perform corresponding operations according to the task requirements;

[0073] Step 6: Troubleshooting

[0074] Discharge process troubleshooting

[0075] During the discharge process, if any level of alarm occurs, the console will sound and light alarms. According to the system prompts, handle the following three types of faults respectively:

[0076] 1) Press the mute button to silence the alarm sound, and then press the reset button to silence the corresponding alarm;

[0077] 2) For faults that require power supply to be stopped, press the stop button on the console to power off the entire high-voltage system;

[0078] 3) In case of emergency, press the emergency stop button on the console to directly shut down the battery cluster;

[0079] After completing the above tasks, return to step S42;

[0080] Charging process troubleshooting

[0081] If you need to stop midway, first stop the charging pile to automatically reduce the high voltage of the battery system; then pull out the gun to resume; when an alarm occurs during the charging process, press the mute button manually to eliminate the alarm sound when the sound and light alarm is displayed on the console, and press the reset button to eliminate the corresponding alarm; in case of emergency, press the emergency stop button on the console to directly shut down the battery cluster;

[0082] After completing the charging fault processing, return to step 5;

[0083] Step 7: Emergency treatment

[0084] The ship's power management system PMS detects an abnormal situation where the battery power is too low to return normally. To avoid affecting the safety of the ship, the ship's power management system PMS selects the optimal speed / power ratio and gives a recommended return propulsion power to support the normal return of pure battery ships under abnormal circumstances;

[0085] Step 8: End of the job

[0086] After the operation task is completed, turn off the system on the console.

[0087] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0088] The present invention develops a marine lithium battery management system, which can autonomously manage under multiple working conditions, such as discharge conditions, charging conditions, fault or emergency conditions, etc. When the system is in use, the system enters an automatic operation process through working condition selection, and realizes intelligent management of the whole process through multi-level battery status holographic monitoring, modeling and evaluation.

[0089] Taking full account of the impact of different battery life and battery temperature on battery capacity, a two-dimensional relationship model between battery life (number of times) and operating temperature and the corresponding battery state of charge (SOC) value is established through big data analysis to obtain relatively accurate estimation data of the current total battery capacity or battery state of charge (SOC) value; for the convenience of application, the battery life is grouped to form the impact of temperature under different life on the battery state of charge (SOC) value, and the two-dimensional model is converted into a one-dimensional model.

[0090] Through current, ambient temperature detection and ambient temperature OTP detection, an ampere-hour integration method for battery status data processing is developed to achieve high-precision current detection to support SOC / SOH estimation of the battery cluster; it supports obtaining and processing real-time data information of the slave controlled battery through CAN, and after completing data processing, it realizes the management and control of the battery cluster charging and discharging.

[0091] Designed with multi-level and multi-layer monitoring and detection functions, it provides system monitoring accuracy, ensures safe and reliable system operation, and supports overcurrent protection; supports 2-way total voltage detection (battery pack, load) and overvoltage and undervoltage protection; supports insulation resistance detection and supports a maximum voltage of 1200V. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0092] Figure 1 It is a system composition diagram of the present invention;

[0093] Figure 2 A diagram showing the relationship between the lithium battery cluster of the present invention;

[0094] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main controller of the present invention;

[0095] Figure 4 It is the SOC-T relationship model of the present invention;

[0096] Figure 5 It is the composition and control logic diagram of the master control module of the present invention;

[0097] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of the system data collection and management method of the present invention;

[0098] Figure 7 is a system control flow chart of the present invention;

[0099] In the figure:

[0100] 1-lithium battery device, 2-control device, 3-external equipment, 4-communication link, 5-management device, 6-monitoring device;

[0101] 110-lithium battery cluster, 111-slave control board, 112-battery module, 113-sensor assembly, 114-terminal, 115-DC 24V power supply; 120-main controller 1, 121-main control board, 122-acquisition assembly, 123-communication interface 1, 124-communication interface 2, 125-communication interface 3, 126-DC24V interface, 127-circuit assembly; 1271-fuse 1, 1272-current sensor, 1273-relay 1, 1274-manual switch MSD, 1275-fuse 2, 1276-relay 2;

[0102] 210-power module, 220-master control module, 221-controller, 222-communication interface, 223-communication interface, 224-communication interface, 225-DI digital interface, 226-DO digital interface, 227a-temperature acquisition interface, 227b-temperature acquisition interface, 228-power protection interface, 229-HMI; 230-display screen; 310-convergence module, 320-load module, 330-peripheral module;

[0103] 510- slave control management module, 520- master control management module, 530- master control management module; 610- battery compartment monitoring and alarm module, 620- driving console monitoring and alarm module; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0104] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0105] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-condition management system (BMS) for marine lithium batteries provided by the present invention includes multiple lithium battery devices 1, a control device 2, an external device 3, a communication link 4, a control device 5 and a monitoring device 6; a DC 24V wire and a communication link 4 are connected between the lithium battery device 1 and the control device 2, a power supply circuit is provided between the lithium battery device 1 and the external device 3, a control signal line is connected between the control device 2 and the external device 3, and a communication link 4 is provided between the control device 2 and the lithium battery device 1, the external device 3, the control device 5 and the monitoring device 6; the control device 5 has the functions of general control, main control and slave control management to implement the safe operation of the system; the monitoring device 6 is provided with fault and emergency alarm and processing functions, and the lithium battery device 1 provides power demand and safety guarantee for the operation of the external device 3 under the coordinated operation of the control device 2, the communication link 4, the control device 5 and the monitoring device 6;

[0106] The lithium battery device 1 is provided with a plurality of lithium battery assemblies including a lithium battery cluster 110 and a main controller 120. These lithium battery assemblies have the same function and structure and form a distributed layout. They are converged into a parallel mode through an external device 3 to provide a large-capacity energy source. The main controller 120 realizes the operation monitoring and management of the lithium battery group 110. The control device 2 includes a power module 210, a master control module 220 and a display screen 230. The control device 2 provides monitoring and management for the main controller 120 of the lithium battery device 1 and the peripheral module 330 of the external device 3, the data center 500 of the control device 5, and the execution device 6 in a communication connection manner. Services include data collection, processing, transmission and instruction information interaction; the external device 3 includes a confluence module 310, a load module 320 and a peripheral module 330, the load module 320 is divided into a propulsion load and a daily load, etc.; the peripheral module 330 includes external devices such as PMS (power management system) or EMS (energy management system); the control device 5 includes a computer and management software, a human-machine interface (HMI) and a display terminal, and the management software is provided with a slave control management module 510, a master control management module 520 and a master control management module 530; the execution device 6 includes a battery compartment monitoring and alarm module 610 and a driving console monitoring and alarm module 620;

[0107] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the lithium battery cluster 110 is composed of a plurality of lithium battery packs, each of which is provided with an independent slave control board 111, a battery module 112, and a sensor component 113. At the same time, each lithium battery pack shares a terminal 114 and a DC 24V power supply 115; the slave control board 111 is provided with a microprocessor, an integrated detection circuit AFE, and a voltage division detection circuit, and the slave control board 111 is also provided with a CAN communication input E and a CAN communication output F; the sensor component 113 is composed of an NTC sensor and an integrated detection circuit AFE and a voltage division detection circuit on the slave control board 111, and the NTC sensor is arranged on the battery module 112; the microprocessor and the sensor component 113 on the slave control board 111 work together, and have functions such as data acquisition, data processing and communication, and can collect the single cell voltage (V), charging and discharging single cell temperature (℃) and OTP (over temperature protection) single cell temperature (℃) of the module battery cell, the integrated detection circuit AFE and the peripheral circuit are used to detect the single cell voltage (V) of the module battery cell, and the NTC sensor and the voltage division detection circuit are used to detect the charging and discharging single cell temperature (℃) and OTP (over temperature protection) single cell temperature (℃) of the module battery cell;

[0108] The main controller 120 is mainly used to realize functions such as control input, data acquisition, data processing, control output and communication, including a main control board 121, an acquisition component 122, a communication interface 123, a communication interface 2 124, a communication interface 3 125, a DC24V interface 126, a circuit component 127 and a high-voltage box for installation; the main control board 121 is provided with 6 dry contacts (DO), 6 detection signal input DI (high level is valid), and current detection, temperature detection, total voltage / insulation detection signal acquisition channels; the main controller 120 realizes control input by judging whether the working state of the circuit component 127 is abnormal or whether the protection function of the detection system is abnormal according to the feedback signal after the output of the 6 dry contacts (DO);

[0109] A is the access point between the positive circuit output end of the battery cluster and the circuit assembly 127, B is the negative output end of the circuit assembly 127 and is connected to the confluence module 310; C is the access point between the negative circuit output end of the battery cluster and the circuit assembly 127, D is the negative output end of the circuit assembly 127 and is connected to the confluence module 310;

[0110] The CAN communication input E of the first lithium battery pack constituting the lithium battery cluster 110 is connected to the communication interface 123 of the main control board 121, and the CAN communication output F is connected to the CAN communication input of the second lithium battery pack slave control board, and so on, and finally the CAN communication output of the last lithium battery pack slave control board is connected to the shared terminal 114; the battery modules 112 between the multiple lithium battery packs are connected in series, and the positive and negative output terminals of the lithium battery cluster 110 are respectively connected to the access terminals A and C of the circuit component 127;

[0111] The circuit assembly 127 includes a fuse 1271, a current sensor 1272, a relay 1273, a manual switch (MSD) 1274, a fuse 1275 and a relay 1276; the fuse 1271, the current sensor 1272, the relay 1273 and the manual switch 1274 are sequentially arranged along the direction from the battery cluster 110 to the bus module 310 (AB positive circuit), and the fuse 1275 and the relay 1276 are sequentially arranged along the negative circuit (CD direction). 1276, the positive circuit and the negative circuit constitute the main circuit; the current sensor 1272 is connected to the main control board 121 through a signal line to realize current signal collection; the relay 1 1273 and the relay 2 1276 are connected to the dry contact (DO) on the main control board 121 through a signal line to realize control output; the control output is mainly to control the high-voltage relay to close successively during the charging and discharging process, and to disconnect the high-voltage relay under certain conditions during the operation, such as generating a three-level alarm, charging completion, stopping charging and discharging, etc.;

[0112] As shown in Table 1, the acquisition component 122 of the main controller 1 includes two categories: data acquisition and signal acquisition. It is equipped with detection sensors such as voltage, current, temperature, resistance, and circuit and device protection signal detection circuits, etc. There are 9 parameters such as collected data and signals (which can be expanded as needed), including total voltage, insulation resistance, ambient temperature and OTP ambient temperature, temperature disconnection, charging and discharging current, and manual switch signal;

[0113]

[0114] Table 1

[0115] In Table 1, OTP is over-temperature protection, BCU is the master control board, BSU is the slave control board, NTC is the negative temperature coefficient thermistor, MSD is the manual switch, and DI is the digital input.

[0116] The total voltage detection is divided into two total voltages, including the total voltage of the battery end and the total voltage of the load end. When the high-voltage relay is not closed, the voltage of the battery end is collected. When the high-voltage relay is closed, the voltage of the load end can be collected separately. When the high-voltage relay is closed, during the battery charging or discharging process, the main circuit current of the high-voltage box can be monitored in real time by the current sensor 1272 for the charge state of the battery cluster 110, that is, the remaining capacity (SOC) of the battery is estimated, and the estimation is based on the ampere-hour integration method according to the life group, and the temperature effect is considered.

[0117] The ampere-hour integration method is used to estimate the SOC value. When the battery is charging or discharging, the ampere-hour integration method provides an estimated SOC value in real time by tracking the battery power changes in real time:

[0118] SOC=SOC0±∫η·(I·dt) / Q; (1)

[0119] Where SOC0 is the initial state of charge, I is the current, Q is the rated (total) capacity of the battery, dt is the time interval, η is the charge and discharge efficiency (usually 0.8-0.9), the charging process is marked with a "+" sign, and the discharging process is marked with a "-" sign;

[0120] In the ampere-hour integration method, the accuracy of the current I has a great influence on the SOC calculation. This embodiment adopts the "Hall sensor + detection circuit" method, sets a short sampling period, and realizes high-precision current detection, and its detection error is less than ±1% FS; on the other hand, the total battery capacity Q will be affected by the battery life / aging (SOH value or charge and discharge times) and the battery temperature. This embodiment considers the influence of different battery life and battery temperature on the battery capacity, and through big data analysis, the corresponding battery state of charge SOC value is formed according to the battery life N and the battery temperature T to form a two-dimensional relationship. The data set of different battery life N, battery temperature T, and battery state of charge SOC value is collected, and a two-dimensional relationship model is formed according to the battery life N and the battery temperature T and the corresponding battery state of charge SOC value, and then the battery life N is grouped according to the range of battery life N to form a one-dimensional model of the influence of battery temperature T under different life N on the battery state of charge SOC value;

[0121] As shown in Table 2, the corresponding relationship between the battery life N and the SOC estimation value at the battery temperature T is first designed.

[0122]

[0123] Table 2

[0124] Secondly, according to the requirements of the cycle life of marine lithium batteries, the batteries with different cycle times are grouped into 8 groups, as shown in Table 3.

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] Table 3

[0128] The test data show that the capacity of lithium batteries is greatly affected by temperature. The battery capacity changes greatly at low temperatures and relatively less at high temperatures, which is similar to a parabolic characteristic (the general formula is y=ax 2 +bx+c), therefore, according to the definition of the SOC value estimation of the lithium battery state of charge (Q i =SOC*Q,Q i is the current power, Q is the total power) it can be inferred that the SOC-T relationship also satisfies the parabolic characteristic;

[0129] like Figure 4 As shown in Table 2 and Table 3, the historical data are first divided into 8 groups according to different cycle numbers, and then parabolic curve fitting is used for each group of data to fit the battery in 8 groups with different cycle numbers N i The following SOC-T relationship is used to correct the estimated SOC value.

[0130] SOC = k 1i T 2 +K 2i T+K 3i ; (2)

[0131] Model (2) has 8 groups, of which k 1i , k 2i , k 3i For different number of cycles N i The SOC-T correction coefficient under , is obtained according to the measured data in Table 2.

[0132] The insulation resistance is self-checked when the machine is turned on, and is monitored again before the battery starts charging or discharging to ensure good insulation at the battery end. The temperature disconnection detection uses the NTC sensor and the voltage-dividing detection circuit to collect the module battery core temperature and the voltage of the external wiring harness of the high-voltage box to determine whether the temperature detection fails. In addition, the working input voltage of the main controller 120 can also be detected, and feedback information will be provided if it exceeds the normal range for alarm.

[0133] The communication interface 1 123 and the communication interface 2 124 of the main controller 120 are both CAN communication. The CAN communication defines the communication protocol according to the PDU format of the data link layer of SAE J1939. The communication interface 1 123 realizes the communication between the main control board 121 and the lithium battery cluster 110. The communication interface 2 124 realizes the communication between the main control board 121 and the general control module 220. The communication interface 3 125 is RS485 communication, and the communication protocol is defined according to the Modbus-RTU protocol. Multiple communication interfaces 3 125 can be set to realize the communication between the main control board 121 and external devices to meet the data interaction requirements with the outside world.

[0134] like Figure 5As shown, the power module 210 includes a DC 24V power supply 1 and an AC 220V power supply 2. The DC 24V power supply 1 provides power to the system through an interface, and the AC The 220V power supply 2 is a backup power supply, which is converted into a 24V power supply backup through a circuit. The master control module 220 includes a controller 221, communication interfaces 222, 223, 224, a DI digital interface 225, a DO digital interface 226, temperature acquisition interfaces 227a, 227b, a power protection interface 228 and an HMI 229; the controller 221 uses PLCX20CP1586, which is particularly suitable for applications that require a short cycle time, process a large amount of data or perform floating-point operations. It is convenient for expansion and customization, easy to maintain and upgrade, and can quickly execute the automation control tasks of this system; the communication interfaces 222, 223, and 224 each have 2 channels, the first 5 channels are used to communicate with the main controller 120, and the 6th channel is used to communicate with an external device 3, such as communicating with a PMS / EMS / AMS; the DI digital interface 225 and the DO digital interface 226 are used for monitoring abnormal operation of relays / circuit breakers, thermal management failures, etc.;

[0135] The junction module 310 is composed of a fuse, a circuit breaker and a conductor, and is arranged in the junction box, and is mainly used to ensure the power safety of the load module 320; by communicating with the peripheral module 330, the system can transmit data information to external devices such as PMS or EMS, and through the ship power management system (PMS), it is used to ensure the stable and reliable power supply of the ship, realize efficient, fast and stable automatic control of the system, and enable the ship power system to complete its respective work tasks;

[0136] The communication link 4 is composed of CAN and RS485 communications. The data exchange between the control device 2 and the main controller of the lithium battery device 1 is carried out through internal CAN communication, and the communication with the external device 3 (PMS / EMS / AMS) is also carried out through CAN. The communication with the HMI of the control device 5 is carried out through OPCUA using the network port;

[0137] The control device 5 includes a data center 500, a slave control management module 510, a master control management module 520, a master control management module 530, a computer, a display device, etc.; the slave control management module 510 is responsible for periodically collecting and sending voltage and temperature data, refreshing EEPROM data, and initializing CAN and RS485 queues; the main function of the master control management module 520 is to periodically collect battery terminal voltage, load terminal voltage, main circuit current, input power supply voltage, periodically refresh thresholds, summarize information, compare thresholds, send data, periodically calculate SOC, SOH, and power-on self-test (check whether insulation is good), communication CAN and RS485 queue initialization, etc.; the master control management module 530 performs system startup and initialization, communicates with the master controller 120, summarizes data for multiple master controllers, periodically uploads data to the HMI and displays it, receives external instructions (HMI or button control input) and performs corresponding operations, etc.;

[0138] The monitoring device 6 includes a battery compartment monitoring alarm component 610 and a console monitoring alarm component 620. The monitoring device is used for status monitoring, display, fault alarm and fault handling operations of the battery management system during operation. When a device fails, the system gives a fault alarm signal, provides fault handling prompts for operators, and records historical fault information and handling solutions for timely maintenance and fault handling;

[0139] The present invention provides a multi-operating condition management system for marine lithium batteries, which can autonomously manage under multiple operating conditions, such as discharge operating conditions, charging operating conditions, fault or emergency operating conditions, etc. When the system is used, after the operating condition is manually selected, the system enters an automatic operation process and implements intelligent management of the process.

[0140] like Figure 6 As shown, the data collection and management method of the above-mentioned marine lithium battery multi-condition management system includes the following steps:

[0141] Step 1: System startup

[0142] The system is powered on and performs self-test and initialization

[0143] Step 2: Task Scheduling

[0144] After the system is started, the slave control management module 510, the master control management module 520 and the master control management module 530 in the control device 5 automatically create threads and implement task scheduling;

[0145] Step 3: Data collection and storage

[0146] The slave control board 111, the master control board 121, the acquisition component 122 and the master control module 120 provided in the lithium battery device 1 and the control device 2 cooperate with the control device 5 to automatically and periodically acquire or receive data and save it to the EEPROM;

[0147] Step 4: Data processing and execution

[0148] The slave control management module 510, the master control management module 520 and the master control management module 530 in the control device 5 respectively process the data within the jurisdiction, and convert the processing results into control execution instructions. The control instructions are divided into two categories: the first category is the system internal data processing instructions; the second category is the external human-computer interaction instructions; the first category of instructions executes step S41; the second category of instructions executes step S42;

[0149] S41: Internal data processing instructions

[0150] A: Real-time fetching of all data uploaded by the master control management module 520 from the CAN buffer;

[0151] B: Aggregate the data uploaded by multiple master management modules 520, and upload the aggregated data to the human-machine interface HMI for display after the delay period expires;

[0152] C: Determine the current state of the main controller, display the real-time data, alarm, and system state of the current main controller, and use the maximum and minimum value functions to calculate the maximum charge and discharge current in the data sequence;

[0153] D: The master control module 220 takes the minimum value from the SOC values ​​uploaded by the main controller 1 to obtain the minimum power of the system as a basis for charging and discharging;

[0154] E: The master control module 220 calculates the cell pressure difference based on the maximum cell voltage of the battery cluster minus the minimum cell voltage, and the cell temperature difference based on the maximum cell temperature of the battery cluster minus the minimum cell temperature, and determines whether there is overvoltage and overtemperature through threshold comparison for warning processing;

[0155] S42: External command response and execution

[0156] Receive commands from the human-machine interface HMI or button control input, including start charging, start discharging, stop charging, stop discharging, and send them to each main control management module 520 through CAN communication. During operation, control the signal light to display the operating status. If an alarm occurs, control the sound and light alarm to sound an alarm;

[0157] Control inputs include:

[0158] A: Select the local / remote operation mode of the battery pack, receive the start or stop command to control the high voltage power-on of the main controller and reset the fault;

[0159] B: The protection function of the detection system. When the emergency stop button is pressed during the normal operation of the system, the normally closed contact is disconnected, which immediately triggers an alarm and cuts off the power output of the battery pack;

[0160] C: configure the battery pack parameters in the human-machine interface HMI, and send some parameters to the main control management module 520 through the CAN bus for use;

[0161] The control output includes: during the charging and discharging process, the indicator light shows the current operation status, and when an alarm is generated, an audible and visual alarm is issued to handle system faults to ensure the safety of system operation;

[0162] Step 5: End system operation

[0163] If a system power-off command is received, the system is shut down and the operation ends; otherwise, go to step 3.

[0164] like Figure 7 As shown, the control method of the marine lithium battery multi-condition management system comprises the following steps:

[0165] Step 1: Turn on the control power and start the system

[0166] The control device 2 is supplied with a control power of 24V, and the control device 2, the main controller 120, the communication link 4, the slave control board 111, and the control device 5 of the system are started and operated in sequence, and the main controller 120 is connected to the peripheral module 330 for communication; if the startup is successful, execute step 2, otherwise, restart;

[0167] Step 2: System enable thread

[0168] The system starts the thread, and the master control management module 530, the main control management module 520 and the slave control management module 510 each execute their own thread;

[0169] Step 3: Selective start battery components

[0170] Start each set battery cluster 110 of the lithium battery device 1, so that the external device 3 obtains electric energy, and supplies power to the load module 320 through the confluence module 310, including the propulsion load and the daily load;

[0171] Step 4: Operation and process control

[0172] The system performs a discharge operation, including daily load and propulsion load, which are selected by the ship driver according to the work task. The daily load is powered by step S41; the propulsion load is powered by step S42;

[0173] S41: Daily load power supply

[0174] The battery pack is high voltage, and the inverter and daily electricity are started. At this time, the whole ship is powered by daily 220V, and the collection component 122 is started;

[0175] S42: Propulsion load power supply

[0176] Press the start button of the corresponding propulsion motor, and after the motor starts, push the handle to control the forward and backward movement of the ship, and turn the steering gear to control the direction of the ship. At this time, the ship is in a sailing state, and the control device 5 continues to operate; when the general control management module 530 and the main control management module 520 issue instructions, execute the corresponding instruction processing, including:

[0177] (1) Normal charging: If the battery is insufficient, proceed to step 5.

[0178] (2) Fault alarm: If the system fails, go to step 6;

[0179] (3) Emergency handling: If an abnormal return occurs, proceed to step 7;

[0180] (4) System power off: When the voyage ends or a special mission is required, proceed to step 8.

[0181] When the ship is in navigation state, if the system has no instructions, continue with this step;

[0182] Step 5: Charging

[0183] When the system detects that the SOC value of the lithium battery is less than 25%, the system will arrange the charging operation after issuing a charging operation alarm, or when the battery SOC value is less than 80% when the ship is docked at the dock, the charging operation can be carried out; charging is divided into shore power charging and charging pile charging, shore power charging executes S51; charging pile charging executes S52; after charging is completed, execute step S53; if a fault occurs during the charging process, execute step 6;

[0184] S51: Shore power charging

[0185] For battery charging, the 380V power supply of the shore power supply must be connected, and the control power must be supplied to the system, and then the inverter is enabled to charge the battery; if a fault occurs during the charging process, execute step 6; otherwise, execute S53;

[0186] S52: Charging at a charging station

[0187] After the control power is supplied to the ship, the charging gun is inserted into the corresponding socket, and the general controller automatically sends a high-voltage command to the main controller, and the power is automatically turned off and the gun is removed after it is fully charged;

[0188] S53: Charging completed

[0189] After charging is completed, perform corresponding operations according to the task requirements;

[0190] Step 6: Troubleshooting

[0191] Discharge process troubleshooting

[0192] During the discharge process, if any level of alarm occurs, the console will sound and light alarms. According to the system prompts, handle the following three types of faults respectively:

[0193] 1) Press the mute button to silence the alarm sound, and then press the reset button to silence the corresponding alarm;

[0194] 2) For faults that require power supply to be stopped, press the stop button on the console to power off the entire high-voltage system;

[0195] 3) In case of emergency, press the emergency stop button on the console to directly shut down the battery cluster;

[0196] After completing the above tasks, return to step S42;

[0197] Charging process troubleshooting

[0198] If you need to stop midway, first stop the charging pile to automatically reduce the high voltage of the battery system; then pull out the gun to resume; when an alarm occurs during the charging process, press the mute button manually to eliminate the alarm sound when the sound and light alarm is displayed on the console, and press the reset button to eliminate the corresponding alarm; in case of emergency, press the emergency stop button on the console to directly shut down the battery cluster;

[0199] After completing the charging fault processing, return to step 5;

[0200] Step 7: Emergency treatment

[0201] The ship's power management system PMS detects an abnormal situation where the battery power is too low to return normally. To avoid affecting the safety of the ship, the ship's power management system PMS selects the optimal speed / power ratio and gives a recommended return propulsion power to support the normal return of pure battery ships under abnormal circumstances;

[0202] Step 8: End of the job

[0203] After the operation task is completed, turn off the system on the console.

[0204] The above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the principles and effects of the invention, as well as some embodiments of its application, and are not intended to limit the invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the invention, and all of these belong to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A multi-operating-condition management system for marine lithium batteries, comprising a plurality of lithium battery devices, control devices, external equipment, communication links, control devices and monitoring devices connected in parallel; a power supply circuit is provided between the lithium battery device and the external equipment, a control signal line is connected between the control device and the external equipment, and a communication link is provided between the control device and the lithium battery device, the external equipment, the control device and the monitoring device; the control device has the functions of general control, master control and slave control management to implement the safe operation of the system; the monitoring device is provided with the functions of alarming and handling faults and emergency situations, and the lithium battery device provides the power demand and safety guarantee for the operation of the external equipment under the coordinated operation of the control device, the communication link, the control device and the monitoring device; Features: The lithium battery device comprises a plurality of distributed lithium battery assemblies; the lithium battery assembly comprises a lithium battery cluster and a main controller 1, the plurality of distributed lithium battery assemblies are converged into a parallel mode through an external device to provide a large-capacity energy source; the main controller 1 realizes operation monitoring and management of the lithium battery group; The control device includes a power module, a master control module and a display screen. The control device provides monitoring and management services to the main controller of the lithium battery device and the peripheral modules of the external devices, the data center of the control device, and the execution device in a communication connection manner, including data collection, processing, transmission and instruction information interaction; the external devices include a confluence module, a load module and a peripheral module; the peripheral module includes a power management system PMS or an energy management system EMS; The control device includes a computer and management software, a human-machine interface HMI and a display terminal. The management software is provided with a slave control management module, a master control management module and a master control management module; the execution device includes a battery compartment monitoring alarm module and a driving console monitoring alarm module; The lithium battery cluster includes a plurality of lithium battery packs, each of which is provided with an independent slave control board, a battery module, and a sensor component, and at the same time, each lithium battery pack shares a terminal and a DC 24V power supply; a microprocessor, an integrated detection circuit AFE, and a voltage-dividing detection circuit are arranged on the slave control board, and a CAN communication input and a CAN communication output are also arranged on the slave control board; the sensor component includes an NTC sensor and an integrated detection circuit AFE and a voltage-dividing detection circuit on the slave control board, and the NTC sensor is arranged on the battery module; the microprocessor and the sensor component on the slave control board work together, and have data acquisition, data processing and communication functions to collect the single cell voltage, charging and discharging single cell temperature and over-temperature protection OTP single cell temperature of the module battery cell, the integrated detection circuit AFE and the peripheral circuit are used to detect the single cell voltage of the module battery cell, and the NTC sensor and the voltage-dividing detection circuit are used to detect the charging and discharging single cell temperature and over-temperature protection OTP single cell temperature of the module battery cell; The main controller 1 is used to realize control input, data acquisition, data processing, control output and communication functions, including a main control board, an acquisition component, a communication interface 1, a communication interface 2, a communication interface 3, a DC24V interface, a circuit component and a high-voltage box for installation; the main control board is provided with 6 dry contacts DO, 6 detection signal input DI, and current detection, temperature detection, total pressure / insulation detection signal acquisition channels; The main controller implements control input by judging whether the working state of the circuit components is abnormal or whether the protection function of the detection system is abnormal according to the feedback signal after the 6-way dry contact DO output; The CAN communication input of the first lithium battery pack of the lithium battery cluster is connected to the communication interface 1 of the main control board, and the CAN communication output is connected to the CAN communication input of the second lithium battery pack from the control board, ..., and the CAN communication output of the last lithium battery pack from the control board is connected to the shared terminal; the battery modules between the multiple lithium battery packs are connected in series, and the positive and negative output terminals of the lithium battery cluster are respectively connected to the two access terminals of the circuit component; The circuit component includes fuse 1, current sensor, relay 1, manual switch MSD, fuse 2 and relay 2; fuse 1, current sensor, relay 1 and manual switch are arranged in sequence from battery cluster 1 to the confluence module, the other end of fuse 1 is connected to the positive circuit output end of the battery cluster and the access point of the circuit component, the other end of the manual switch is connected to the negative output end of the circuit component, and is connected to the confluence module; fuse 2 is connected to relay 2, and the other end of fuse 2 is connected to the negative circuit output end of the battery cluster and the access point of the circuit component, the other end of relay 2 is connected to the negative output end of the circuit component and is connected to the confluence module; the positive circuit and the negative circuit constitute the main loop; the current sensor is connected to the main control board through a signal line to realize current signal collection; relay 1 and relay 2 are connected to the dry contact DO on the main control board through a signal line to realize control output; Control output includes controlling the high-voltage relay to close successively during the charging and discharging process, and disconnecting the high-voltage relay under certain conditions during operation, such as generating a three-level alarm, charging completion, and stopping charging and discharging; The acquisition components of the main controller 1 include two types: data acquisition and signal acquisition. It is equipped with voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors, resistance sensors, and circuit and device protection signal detection circuits. The collected data and signal parameters include total voltage, insulation resistance, ambient temperature and OTP ambient temperature, temperature disconnection, charging and discharging current, and manual switch signal. The total voltage detection includes the total voltage of the battery end and the total voltage of the load end. When the high-voltage relay is not closed, the voltage of the battery end is collected. When the high-voltage relay is closed, the voltage of the load end is collected. When the high-voltage relay is closed, the main circuit current of the high-voltage box is monitored in real time through the current sensor during the battery charging or discharging process to estimate the charge state of the battery cluster, that is, the remaining power SOC of the battery. When the battery is charging or discharging, the ampere-hour integration method is used to track the battery power changes in real time to provide the estimated value of the remaining power SOC of the battery in real time: SOC=SOC0±∫η·(I·dt) / Q; Where I represents the current, Q represents the rated total capacity of the battery, dt represents the time interval, η represents the charge and discharge efficiency, the charging process takes the "+" sign, and the discharging process takes the "-" sign; SOC0 represents the current battery state of charge.

2. A marine lithium battery multi-operating condition management system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A data set of different battery life N, battery temperature T, and battery state of charge SOC values ​​is collected, and a two-dimensional relationship model is formed according to the battery life N, the battery temperature T and the corresponding battery state of charge SOC value. Then, the battery life N is grouped according to the range of the battery life, and a one-dimensional model of the influence of the battery temperature T under different life N on the battery state of charge SOC value is formed; then, a polynomial or exponential equation is used to perform curve fitting on each group of data, and the SOC-T relationship of the battery under different battery temperatures T is fitted to correct the estimated value of the SOC.

3. A marine lithium battery multi-operating condition management system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The control device includes a data center, a slave control management module, a master control management module, a master control management module, a computer, and a display device; the slave control management module is responsible for periodically collecting and sending voltage and temperature data, refreshing EEPROM data, and initializing CAN and RS485 queues; the main function of the master control management module is to periodically collect battery terminal voltage, load terminal voltage, main circuit current, input power supply voltage through the master control program thread instruction acquisition component, periodically refresh thresholds, summarize information, compare thresholds, send data, periodically calculate battery state of charge SOC, battery health state SOH, and power-on self-test to confirm whether the insulation is good, and initialize communication CAN and RS485 queues; the master control management module executes system startup and initialization, communicates with the master controller, summarizes data for multiple master controllers, periodically uploads data to the human-machine interface HMI and displays it, receives external instructions and executes corresponding operations.

4. A marine lithium battery multi-operating condition management system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The monitoring device includes a battery compartment monitoring and alarm component and a console monitoring and alarm component. The monitoring device is used for status monitoring, display, fault alarm and fault handling operations of the battery management system operation process. When the equipment fails, the system gives a fault alarm signal to provide fault handling prompts to the operator, record historical fault information and handling solutions for timely maintenance and fault handling.

5. A data collection and management method for a marine lithium battery multi-operating condition management system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps: Step 1: System startup The system is powered on and performs self-test and initialization Step 2: Task Scheduling After the system is started, the slave control management module, master control management module and general control management module in the control device automatically create threads and implement task scheduling; Step 3: Data collection and storage The slave control board, main control board, acquisition component and master control module provided in the lithium battery device and the control device automatically collect or receive data periodically and save it to EEPROM by cooperating with the control device; Step 4: Data processing and execution The slave control management module, the master control management module and the master control management module in the control device process the data within the jurisdiction respectively, and convert the processing results into control execution instructions. The control instructions are divided into two categories: the first category is the system internal data processing instructions; the second category is the external human-computer interaction instructions; the first category of instructions executes step S41; the second category of instructions executes step S42; S41: Internal data processing instructions A: Take out all data uploaded by the master management module from the CAN buffer in real time; B: Aggregate the data uploaded by multiple master management modules, and upload the aggregated data to the human-machine interface HMI for display after the delay period expires; C: Determine the current state of the main controller, display the real-time data, alarm, and system state of the current main controller, and use the maximum and minimum value functions to calculate the maximum charge and discharge current in the data sequence; D: The master control module takes the minimum value from the SOC values ​​uploaded by the main controller 1 to obtain the minimum power of the system as the basis for charging and discharging; E: The master control module calculates the cell voltage difference based on the maximum cell voltage of the battery cluster minus the minimum cell voltage, and the cell temperature difference based on the maximum cell temperature of the battery cluster minus the minimum cell temperature, and determines whether there is overvoltage and overtemperature through threshold comparison for warning processing; S42: External command response and execution Receive commands from the human-machine interface HMI or button control input, including start charging, start discharging, stop charging, stop discharging, and send them to each main control management module through CAN communication. During operation, control the signal light to display the operating status. If an alarm occurs, control the sound and light alarm to sound an alarm; Control inputs include: A: Select the local / remote operation mode of the battery pack, receive the start or stop command to control the high voltage power-on of the main controller and reset the fault; B: The protection function of the detection system. When the emergency stop button is pressed during the normal operation of the system, the normally closed contact is disconnected, which immediately triggers an alarm and cuts off the power output of the battery pack; C: Configure the battery pack parameters in the human-machine interface (HMI) and send some parameters to the main control management module through the CAN bus; The control output includes: during the charging and discharging process, the indicator light displays the current operation status, and when an alarm is generated, an audible and visual alarm is issued to handle system faults to ensure the safety of system operation; Step 5: End system operation If a system power-off command is received, the system is shut down and the operation ends; otherwise, go to step 3.

6. A control method for a multi-operating-condition management system for marine lithium batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Turn on the control power and start the system Supply 24V control power to the control device, and the control device, main controller 1, communication link, slave control board, and control device of the system start running in sequence, and also include communication connection between the main controller 1 and the peripheral module; If the startup is successful, proceed to step 2, otherwise, restart; Step 2: System enable thread The system starts the thread, and the general control management module, the main control management module and the slave control management module each execute their own thread; Step 3: Selective start battery components Start each set battery cluster of the lithium battery device, so that the external device obtains electric energy, and supplies power to the load module through the bus module, including the propulsion load and the daily load; Step 4: Operation and process control The system performs a discharge operation, including daily load and propulsion load, which are selected by the ship driver according to the work task, and the daily load power supply executes step S41; The load power supply is advanced to execute step S42; S41: Daily load power supply The battery pack is high voltage, and the inverter and daily electricity are started. At this time, the whole ship is powered by daily 220V, and the collection components are started; S42: Propulsion load power supply Press the start button of the corresponding propulsion motor. After the motor starts, push the handle to control the forward and backward movement of the ship, and turn the steering gear to control the direction of the ship. At this time, the ship is in a sailing state, and the control device continues to operate; when the general control management module and the main control management module issue instructions, execute the corresponding instruction processing, including: (1) Normal charging: If the battery is insufficient, proceed to step 5. (2) Fault alarm: If the system fails, go to step 6; (3) Emergency handling: If an abnormal return occurs, proceed to step 7; (4) System power off: When the voyage ends or a special mission is required, proceed to step 8. When the ship is in navigation state, if the system has no instructions, continue with this step; Step 5: Charging When the system detects that the SOC value of the lithium battery is less than 25%, the system will arrange the charging operation after issuing a charging operation alarm, or when the battery SOC value is less than 80% when the ship is docked at the dock, the charging operation can be carried out; charging is divided into shore power charging and charging pile charging, shore power charging executes S51; charging pile charging executes S52; after charging is completed, execute step S53; if a fault occurs during the charging process, execute step 6; S51: Shore power charging For battery charging, the 380V power supply of the shore power supply must be connected, and the control power must be supplied to the system, and then the inverter is enabled to charge the battery; if a fault occurs during the charging process, execute step 6; otherwise, execute S53; S52: Charging at a charging station After the control power is supplied to the ship, the charging gun is inserted into the corresponding socket, and the general controller automatically sends a high-voltage command to the main controller, and the power is automatically turned off and the gun is removed after it is fully charged; S53: Charging completed After charging is completed, perform corresponding operations according to the task requirements; Step 6: Troubleshooting Discharge process troubleshooting During the discharge process, if any level of alarm occurs, the console will sound and light alarms. According to the system prompts, handle the following three types of faults respectively: 1) Press the mute button to silence the alarm sound, and then press the reset button to silence the corresponding alarm; 2) For faults that require power supply to be stopped, press the stop button on the console to power off the entire high-voltage system; 3) In case of emergency, press the emergency stop button on the console to directly shut down the battery cluster; After completing the above tasks, return to step S42; Charging process troubleshooting If you need to stop midway, first stop the charging pile to automatically reduce the high voltage of the battery system; then pull out the gun to resume; when an alarm occurs during the charging process, press the mute button manually to eliminate the alarm sound when the sound and light alarm is displayed on the console, and press the reset button to eliminate the corresponding alarm; in case of emergency, press the emergency stop button on the console to directly shut down the battery cluster; After completing the charging fault processing, return to step 5; Step 7: Emergency treatment The ship's power management system PMS detects an abnormal situation where the battery power is too low to return normally. To avoid affecting the safety of the ship, the ship's power management system PMS selects the optimal speed / power ratio and gives a recommended return propulsion power to support the normal return of pure battery ships under abnormal circumstances; Step 8: End of the job After the operation task is completed, turn off the system on the console.

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