Three-unit leaky-wave antenna array structure based on dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide and design method

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-unit leaky-wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide, which comprises the following steps: S1, designing a three-unit array structure based on the coupling characteristic of the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide, and feeding a two-port array antenna in parallel by a probe; and S2, according to the product theorem of a directional diagram, determining the gap design of the three units according to the relationship between the gap size and the leakage amount, so as to design a scanning beam meeting the requirements of narrow lobe and high gain. The leaky-wave antenna array structure with the narrow beam and high gain characteristics is provided for the requirements of high signal strength and strong anti-interference performance in a long-distance point-to-point communication system, the antenna can provide better directivity and higher communication quality, and meanwhile it is guaranteed that the antenna has the advantages of being compact in structure and small in size; therefore, the method can be applied to wireless energy transmission systems such as a satellite communication system, a radar system and the Internet of Things.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electronics and communication technology, and in particular to a three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication and wireless energy transmission technology, the demand for broadband, efficient and high-gain antennas with beam scanning capability is growing. Therefore, leaky wave antennas (LWAs), as a high-gain antenna with natural beam scanning capability, have attracted extensive attention in low-cost and high-capacity communication systems.

[0003] In order to improve the bandwidth of leaky wave antennas, researchers have carried out a lot of work. Common methods include improving traditional waveguide structures, such as replacing traditional substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) with ridge substrate integrated waveguides (RSIW) and comb substrate integrated waveguides (CSIW); open transmission line structures have also been widely used in the design of broadband frequency scanning leaky wave antennas in recent years, such as microstrip lines, offset parallel striplines, coplanar lines (CPS), right- / left-handed transmission lines (CRLH-TL) and artificial surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs). However, the efficiency of existing broadband leaky wave antennas is still limited. Similarly, the improvement of the efficiency of beam scanning leaky wave antennas has also received a lot of attention. Using energy circulation feeding networks or designing new slots to increase the amount of energy leakage is the main effective way to improve antenna efficiency. However, the working bandwidth of existing high-efficiency leaky wave antennas is still narrow. Therefore, designing a high-efficiency broadband leaky-wave antenna is still a difficult problem to be solved. Among them, although wide-beam antennas are suitable for application scenarios with continuous and reliable communication requirements, in some long-distance point-to-point communications, such as satellite communications, radar systems, and wireless energy transmission applications such as the Internet of Things, signal strength and anti-interference capabilities are particularly important. In these application scenarios, narrow-beam high-gain antennas can provide superior directivity and higher quality communications.

[0004] In order to take into account both broadband and high efficiency, researchers mostly use periodic planar transmission structures to design leaky wave antennas. The most similar implementation scheme to the present invention is proposed in Z. Li et al., “Investigation of Leaky-Wave Antenna With Stable Wide Beam-Scanning Characteristic,” in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 240-249, Jan. 2022, doi:10.1109 / TAP.2021.3111486. ​​It is proposed to use CRLH-TL to design leaky wave antennas, which can achieve an average efficiency of 80% and obtain a working bandwidth of 45%, but it requires the design and processing of additional radiation structures, and there are certain limitations in integration.

[0005] In summary, proposing a new leaky-wave antenna structure with narrow beam, broadband and high efficiency to solve the problems existing in the existing frequency-scanning leaky-wave antenna is one of the hot research directions that researchers in this field need to study. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a three-unit leaky-wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridged parallel-plate waveguide (DRPW). The narrow-beam high-gain array design proposed for the demand for high directivity and strong signal strength in long-distance point-to-point communications can enable the antenna to achieve continuous beam scanning in a wide working bandwidth and at a very high efficiency, thereby providing continuous and reliable signals.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a design method for a three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide, the method comprising: S1: A three-unit array structure is designed based on the coupling characteristics of the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide, wherein the two-port array antenna of the structure is fed in parallel by the probe; S2: According to the pattern product theorem, the slot designs of the three units are determined according to the relationship between the slot size and the leakage, so as to design a scanning beam that meets the requirements of narrow lobe and high gain.

[0008] Furthermore, the S1 specifically includes: S11: Select the spacing between two adjacent dielectric ridges based on the coupling characteristics of the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide p d, so that a three-unit waveguide array with a small lateral size can be designed under the premise of ensuring a small coupling effect between waveguides, that is, the coupling between the designed waveguide array is small while maintaining a compact array structure; the structure of DRPW includes an upper metal layer, a dielectric ridge, and a lower metal layer; the coupling effect is determined by the coupling coefficient C Determine the numerical value of C According to the propagation constants of odd and even modes of the DRPW coupling field β o and β e Determine, the specific formula is as follows: ; S12: The two ends of the dielectric ridges in the three DRPW units of the waveguide array are connected respectively to construct a complete dielectric layer; the waveguide array adopts probe parallel feeding, that is, the probe is placed at the intersection of the three dielectric ridges, and a load is set at the end of the array to absorb the remaining energy transmitted to the end.

[0009] Furthermore, the S2 specifically includes: S21: Determine the difference in radiation intensities required for the three DRPW arrays according to the pattern product theorem, and obtain a leaky wave antenna array with a narrower beam compared to a single leaky wave antenna; the radiation intensity of the leaky wave antenna unit located in the middle is greater than the radiation intensity of the two leaky wave antennas located on both sides, and in order to ensure that the radiation pattern is not distorted, the radiation intensity of the leaky wave antennas on both sides remains consistent.

[0010] S22: Designing slot arrays of different sizes on the DRPW array according to the required radiation intensity, that is, etching slot arrays on the upper metal plate of the three DRPW units; wherein the radiation capabilities of the slot arrays on both sides are equal and smaller than the radiation capability of the slot array in the middle.

[0011] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide, the structure including an upper metal plate, a rectangular slot array I, a rectangular slot array II, and a rectangular slot array III engraved on the upper metal plate with staggered arrangements for energy leakage radiation, a dielectric layer, a lower metal plate, a probe hole for feeding, and screw holes for fixing the overall structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate form upper and lower parallel metal plates, and the three units share the upper and lower parallel metal plates.

[0013] Furthermore, the rectangular slot array I, the rectangular slot array II, and the rectangular slot array III etched on the upper metal plate are all uniform slot arrays, and the periods of the three groups of slot arrays are the same, and the rectangular slot array I and the rectangular slot array III are symmetrically distributed longitudinally with respect to the DRPW LWA array, and have the same parameters, which include slot length and width, and the number of slots.

[0014] Furthermore, the gap sizes of the rectangular gap array I and the rectangular gap array III are slightly smaller than the gap size of the rectangular gap array II; the number of gaps in the rectangular gap array I and the rectangular gap array III is one less than the number of gaps in the rectangular gap array II; the distance between two adjacent gaps in the rectangular gap array I, the rectangular gap array III and the rectangular gap array II is half a gap period.

[0015] Furthermore, the dielectric layer is composed of three dielectric ridges, forming three energy propagation paths; the structural parameters of the three parallel dielectric ridges, namely the width t d and relative dielectric constant ε r Both ends of the two dielectric ridges that are completely identical and distributed on both sides are connected to the middle dielectric ridge through a gradual dielectric transition section to form a complete dielectric layer; three groups of rectangular gap arrays are respectively located above the parallel parts of the three dielectric ridges, and the longitudinal center axes of the three groups of gap arrays coincide with the longitudinal center axes of the parallel parts of the three dielectric ridges.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate are designed as copper plates, and the thickness of the copper plates is 0.5 mm; Furthermore, a printed circuit board is used for the design of the dielectric layer, wherein the dielectric constant εr of the printed circuit board is 2.2 and the thickness is 1.575 mm; the three-layer structure is fixed with nylon screws.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The dielectric ridges of the three waveguide units of the present invention are connected by a gradual dielectric transition section to form a complete dielectric layer, and probe feeding is adopted. Therefore, the present invention does not need to design an additional power divider, the feeding is simple, and the longitudinal dimension of the array antenna is miniaturized.

[0018] (2) The present invention is a leaky wave antenna array designed based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide. It utilizes the broadband characteristics of the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide and loads rectangular slots with strong radiation capabilities to achieve broadband and efficient frequency scanning without the need to design an additional separate radiation structure.

[0019] (3) The present invention is a three-unit leaky wave antenna array based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide. Compared with a single leaky wave antenna array unit, it can achieve a narrower beam and high gain, providing better directivity and higher communication quality. The three rows of slot arrays of the designed three-unit leaky wave antenna array are staggered, which greatly reduces the lateral size of the antenna, facilitates integration with other circuits, and realizes the miniaturization of the lateral size of the array antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The present invention has the following accompanying drawings: Figure 1 A design flow chart of a three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide provided by the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the directional pattern product theorem of the radiating unit in the three-unit leaky wave antenna array of the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide designed for the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the three-unit leaky wave antenna array based on the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide of the present invention; Figure 5 The S parameter simulation results of the three-unit leaky wave antenna array based on the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide of the present invention; Figure 6 The total efficiency simulation result of the three-unit leaky wave antenna array based on the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide of the present invention; Figure 7 The E-plane simulated radiation patterns of the three-unit leaky wave antenna array based on the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide of the present invention at different frequencies; Figure 8 The simulation results of the gain curves of the three-unit leaky wave antenna array based on the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide at different frequencies of the present invention; Fig. 9 The figure is a comparison of the 3D simulated radiation pattern of the three-unit leaky wave antenna array based on the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide of the present invention at 40 GHz and the 3D simulated radiation pattern of the single dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide leaky wave antenna unit at 40 GHz.

[0021] Among them, 1-upper metal plate, 21-dielectric ridge, 3-lower metal plate; 2-rectangular slot array I, 3-rectangular slot array II, 4-rectangular slot array III, 5-dielectric layer, 6-lower metal plate, 7-probe hole, 8-screw hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] To make the objects, advantages and features of the present invention more apparent, the following Figure 1-9 The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide, comprising the following design steps: S1. A three-unit array structure is designed based on the coupling characteristics of the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide. The two-port array antenna is fed in parallel by the probes. S2. According to the directional pattern product theorem, the slot designs of the three units are determined according to the relationship between the slot size and the leakage amount, so as to design a scanning beam that meets the requirements of narrow lobe and high gain.

[0024] Furthermore, the waveguide array design method in S1 is as follows: First, according to the coupling characteristics of the dielectric ridged parallel-plate waveguide (DRPW), the appropriate spacing between two adjacent dielectric ridges is selected. p d , so that a three-unit waveguide array with a small lateral size can be designed while ensuring that the coupling effect between waveguides is as small as possible, that is, the coupling between the designed waveguide array is small while maintaining a compact array structure. The structure of DRPW is as follows Figure 2 As shown, it includes an upper metal layer 1, a dielectric ridge 2, and a lower metal layer 3. The coupling effect is represented by the coupling coefficient C Determine the numerical value of C The propagation constants of the odd and even modes of the DRPW coupling field can be β o and β e Determine, the specific formula is as follows: ; Secondly, the two ends of the dielectric ridges in the three DRPW units of the waveguide array are connected to form a complete dielectric layer. The waveguide array uses probe parallel feeding, that is, the probe is placed at the intersection of the three dielectric ridges; and a load is set at the end of the array to absorb the remaining energy transmitted to the end.

[0025] Furthermore, the gap design method in S2 is as follows: Firstly, the required radiation intensity difference of the three DRPW arrays is determined according to the pattern product theorem, so as to obtain a leaky-wave antenna array with a narrower beam than a single leaky-wave antenna. Figure 3 is the principle diagram of the directional pattern product theorem, Figure 3 It can be determined that the radiation intensity of the leaky wave antenna unit located in the middle should be greater than the radiation intensity of the two leaky wave antennas located on both sides; and in order to ensure that the radiation pattern is not distorted, the radiation intensity of the leaky wave antennas on both sides should be kept consistent.

[0026] Secondly, slot arrays with different sizes are designed on the DRPW array according to the required radiation intensity, that is, the slot arrays are etched on the upper metal plates of the three DRPW units.

[0027] The radiation capabilities of the slot arrays on both sides should be equal and slightly smaller than the radiation capability of the slot array in the middle.

[0028] Further, such as Figure 4 As shown, the DRPW LWA three-unit array consists of an upper metal plate 1, an upper metal plate 1 engraved with staggered rectangular slot arrays I2, rectangular slot arrays II3 and III4 for energy leakage radiation, a dielectric layer 5, a lower metal plate 6, a probe hole 7 for feeding, a screw hole 8 for fixing the overall structure, and some other structures.

[0029] Furthermore, the upper metal plate 1 and the lower metal plate 6 (as a ground plane) form an upper and lower parallel metal plate, and the three units share the upper and lower parallel metal plates. The rectangular slot array I2, the rectangular slot array II3, and the rectangular slot array III4 etched on the upper metal plate 1 are all uniform slot arrays, and the periods of the three slot arrays are the same; and the rectangular slot arrays I2 and III4 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the longitudinal direction of the DRPW LWA array, and the parameters are exactly the same (including the slot length and width, and the number of slots); the slot size of the rectangular slot arrays I2 and III4 is slightly smaller than the slot size of the rectangular slot array II3; the number of slots in the rectangular slot arrays I2 and III4 is one less than the number of slots in the rectangular slot array II3; the distance between the adjacent slots in the rectangular slot array I2 (III4) and the rectangular slot array II3 is half a slot period.

[0030] Furthermore, the dielectric layer 2 is composed of three dielectric ridges, forming three energy propagation paths. The structural parameters of the three parallel dielectric ridges (including the width t d and relative dielectric constant ε r ) are exactly the same, and both ends of the two dielectric ridges distributed on both sides are intersected and connected with the middle dielectric ridge through a gradual dielectric transition section to construct a complete dielectric layer; the three groups of rectangular slot arrays are respectively located above the parallel parts of the three dielectric ridges, and the longitudinal center axes of the three groups of slot arrays coincide with the longitudinal center axes of the parallel parts of the three dielectric ridges.

[0031] Furthermore, the copper plate is used for the design of the upper metal plate 1 and the lower metal plate 3, and its thickness is 0.5 mm; the RogersRT5880 printed circuit board is used for the design of the dielectric layer 2, and its dielectric constant is εr = 2.2, thickness is 1.575 mm; the three-layer structure is fixed with nylon screws.

[0032] Furthermore, for Figure 4 The working principle of the three-element leaky wave antenna array shown is described in detail as follows: One end of the antenna array is fed by a probe, and energy is fed into the intersection of three dielectric ridges. The input energy is confined in the dielectric area, and after being divided into three equal parts, it is transmitted along three parallel dielectric ridges and radiated through three groups of slot arrays. The three groups of slot arrays have the same slot period, so the beam pointing angles of the three leaky wave antenna units are the same. Since the size of the slots in the slot arrays on both sides is smaller than the slots in the middle slot array, and the number of slots on both sides is less than the number of slots in the middle, the radiation of the leaky wave antenna units on both sides is less than that of the leaky wave antenna unit in the middle. According to the directional pattern product theorem, the leaky wave antenna array can obtain a narrower beam. The antenna array is designed to work in the -1 harmonic range, and the beam angle θ It can be described by the following formula: ; in, β is the propagation constant in the DRPW array, k 0 is the propagation constant in vacuum, λ 0 is the wavelength in vacuum, p s is the gap period.

[0033] Reference Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The proposed three-element leaky-wave antenna array |S 11 | and |S 21 It can be observed that the proposed antenna array has good performance in the range of 24 GHz to 64 GHz. 11 | is lower than -10 dB, with very excellent impedance matching characteristics, and can construct ultra-wide frequency sweep leakage antenna design. And in the range of 24 GHz to 64 GHz, the antenna array's |S 11 | and |S 21 |are all lower than -10 dB, indicating that most of the energy is radiated out through the slot array.

[0034] Reference Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 The simulation results of the total efficiency of the proposed three-element leaky-wave antenna array are shown. It can be seen that the total efficiency of the antenna array is higher than 90% except for 51 GHz.

[0035] Reference Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7The E-plane radiation pattern of the proposed antenna array in the range of 30 GHz to 55 GHz is shown. It can be observed that the antenna array can control single-beam frequency scanning from backward -76° to forward 6° in this frequency range, and the total scanning range is 82° within the working bandwidth of 58.8% relative bandwidth, which has an extremely wide working frequency band and strong beam scanning capability.

[0036] Reference Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 The simulation results of the gain of the antenna array within the single-beam operating frequency band are shown. It can be observed that the antenna achieves a gain of 10.1 dBi to 18.9 dBi in the frequency band from 30 GHz to 55 GHz.

[0037] Reference Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9 The simulated 3D radiation pattern of the proposed antenna array at 40 GHz is compared with that of a single DRPWLWA at 40 GHz. It can be observed that the antenna array has a significant effect on beam narrowing.

[0038] Specifically, to summarize, the proposed three-unit leaky wave antenna array based on dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide realizes narrow beam, high gain beam scanning by utilizing the broadband characteristics of DRPW and array theory, and the antenna array has an extremely wide single beam operating bandwidth and high antenna efficiency.

[0039] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0040] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A design method for a three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1: A three-unit array structure is designed based on the coupling characteristics of the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide, wherein the two-port array antenna of the structure is fed in parallel by the probe; S2: According to the pattern product theorem, the slot designs of the three units are determined according to the relationship between the slot size and the leakage, so as to design a scanning beam that meets the requirements of narrow lobe and high gain.

2. The design method of a three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 specifically includes: S11: Select the spacing between two adjacent dielectric ridges based on the coupling characteristics of the dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide p d , so that a three-unit waveguide array with a small lateral size can be designed under the premise of ensuring a small coupling effect between waveguides, that is, the coupling between the designed waveguide array is small while maintaining a compact array structure; the structure of DRPW includes an upper metal layer, a dielectric ridge, and a lower metal layer; the coupling effect is determined by the coupling coefficient C Determine the numerical value of C According to the propagation constants of odd and even modes of the DRPW coupling field β o and β e Determine, the specific formula is as follows: ； S12: The two ends of the dielectric ridges in the three DRPW units of the waveguide array are connected respectively to construct a complete dielectric layer; the waveguide array adopts probe parallel feeding, that is, the probe is placed at the intersection of the three dielectric ridges, and a load is set at the end of the array to absorb the remaining energy transmitted to the end.

3. The design method of a three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes: S21: Determine the difference in radiation intensity required for the three DRPW arrays according to the pattern product theorem, and obtain a leaky wave antenna array with a narrower beam than a single leaky wave antenna; the radiation intensity of the leaky wave antenna unit located in the middle is greater than the radiation intensity of the two leaky wave antennas located on both sides, and in order to ensure that the radiation pattern is not distorted, the radiation intensity of the leaky wave antennas on both sides is kept consistent; S22: Designing slot arrays of different sizes on the DRPW array according to the required radiation intensity, that is, etching slot arrays on the upper metal plate of the three DRPW units; wherein the radiation capabilities of the slot arrays on both sides are equal and smaller than the radiation capability of the slot array in the middle.

4. A three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide, characterized in that: The structure comprises an upper metal plate (1), a rectangular slot array I (2) arranged in a staggered manner, a rectangular slot array II (3), and a rectangular slot array III (4) engraved on the upper metal plate (1) for energy leakage radiation, a dielectric layer (5), a lower metal plate (6), a probe hole (7) for feeding, and a screw hole position (8) for fixing the overall structure.

5. A three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The upper metal plate (1) and the lower metal plate (6) form an upper and lower parallel metal plate, and the three units share the upper and lower parallel metal plates.

6. A three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The rectangular slot array I (2), the rectangular slot array II (3), and the rectangular slot array III (4) etched on the upper metal plate (1) are all uniform slot arrays, and the periods of the three slot arrays are the same. The rectangular slot array I (2) and the rectangular slot array III (4) are symmetrically distributed in the longitudinal direction of the DRPW LWA array, and have the same parameters, which include slot length and width, and the number of slots.

7. A three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The slot sizes of the rectangular slot array I (2) and the rectangular slot array III (4) are slightly smaller than the slot size of the rectangular slot array II (3); The number of slots in the rectangular slot array I (2) and the rectangular slot array III (4) is one less than the number of slots in the rectangular slot array II (3); the distance between two adjacent slots in the rectangular slot array I (2), the rectangular slot array III (4) and the rectangular slot array II (3) is half a slot period.

8. A three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The dielectric layer is composed of three dielectric ridges, forming three energy propagation paths; the structural parameters of the three parallel dielectric ridges, namely the width t d and relative dielectric constant ε r Both ends of the two dielectric ridges that are completely identical and distributed on both sides are connected to the middle dielectric ridge through a gradual dielectric transition section to form a complete dielectric layer; three groups of rectangular gap arrays are respectively located above the parallel parts of the three dielectric ridges, and the longitudinal center axes of the three groups of gap arrays coincide with the longitudinal center axes of the parallel parts of the three dielectric ridges.

9. A three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The upper metal plate and the lower metal plate are designed as copper plates, and the thickness of the copper plates is 0.5 mm.

10. A three-unit leaky wave antenna array structure based on a dielectric ridge parallel plate waveguide as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: A printed circuit board is used for designing the dielectric layer. The printed circuit board has a dielectric constant εr = 2.2 and a thickness of 1.575 mm. The three-layer structure is fixed with nylon screws.

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