Vortex wave antenna with low sidelobe and wide scanning angle and implementation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-side-lobe and wide-scanning-angle vortex wave antenna and an implementation method thereof. The low-side-lobe and wide-scanning-angle vortex wave antenna comprises a first loop antenna sub-array, a second loop antenna sub-array and a third loop antenna sub-array which are mounted on the same mounting surface and are concentrically arranged, each of the first loop antenna sub-array, the second loop antenna sub-array and the third loop antenna sub-array is composed of a plurality of antenna units which are uniformly arranged; each antenna unit comprises an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole; according to the invention, by designing different loop antenna sub-arrays and designing the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole in the antenna unit of each loop antenna sub-array, the problem that the side lobe level rises in the beam scanning process is solved, and compared with a traditional antenna, the scanning vortex beam side lobe level generated by the antenna is smaller, so that the scanning efficiency is improved. Therefore, a larger vortex wave scanning angle can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of microwave radio frequency antennas, and in particular relates to a low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna and a realization method thereof. Background Art

[0002] When a traditional conical beam antenna is deflected at a large angle, the sidelobe level will increase, affecting the reception of long-distance signals. Due to its inherent divergence, the sidelobe level of a vortex beam is already high when the beam is not deflected, and it will further deteriorate during the scanning process, thereby reducing the beam quality. Therefore, reducing the sidelobe level of a vortex beam is the key to increasing the beam scanning angle.

[0003] In order to realize a vortex beam with a wide scanning angle, an array antenna combining a tapered distribution and a Chebyshev array is usually used. However, this type of antenna still has the problem of excessively high sidelobe levels during scanning, which greatly limits the scanning angle of the vortex beam. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna and an implementation method thereof, so as to reduce the sidelobe level of the vortex wave beam and increase the scanning angle of the vortex wave beam.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: a low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna, comprising a first annular antenna subarray, a second annular antenna subarray and a third annular antenna subarray mounted on the same mounting surface and arranged concentrically; The radii of the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray, and the third loop antenna subarray are respectively λ / 2, λ and 3 λ / 2; among them, λ is the free space wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency; The first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray and the third loop antenna subarray are all composed of a number of antenna units that are evenly arranged; Each antenna element includes an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole; The feeding amplitudes of the antenna units on the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray and the third loop antenna subarray are different.

[0006] Further, the normalized values ​​of the feeding amplitudes of the antenna units in the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray, and the third loop antenna subarray obey the Baylis distribution.

[0007] Further, the antenna unit includes a circular substrate; A first vibrator and a fourth vibrator perpendicular to each other are attached to the first surface of the substrate; The first vibrator and the fourth vibrator are both in the shape of strips, and the two are connected to the middle part of the substrate; A second vibrator and a third vibrator perpendicular to each other are attached to the second surface of the substrate; The second vibrator and the third vibrator are both in the shape of strips, and the two are connected to the middle part of the substrate; The first vibrator and the second vibrator are collinear and arranged along the radial direction of the substrate; The fourth vibrator and the third vibrator are collinear; and the two are arranged along the radial direction of the substrate; The free ends of the first vibrator, the fourth vibrator, the second vibrator and the third vibrator are all arranged on the periphery of the substrate.

[0008] Furthermore, the first vibrator and the fourth vibrator are both connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial line; The second dipole and the third dipole are both connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line.

[0009] Furthermore, the first vibrator and the fourth vibrator, and the second vibrator and the third vibrator are connected via an arc ring.

[0010] Furthermore, fan-shaped patches are provided on the second surface of the substrate and are located between the projection of the first vibrator and the projection of the fourth vibrator, between the second vibrator and the third vibrator, between the projection of the fourth vibrator and the second vibrator, and between the projection of the first vibrator and the third vibrator; wherein the second surface is the opposite surface of the first surface; The outer arc of the sector-shaped patch coincides with the outer periphery of the substrate; The outer arc of the fan-shaped patch is connected to an arc-shaped piece perpendicular to the second surface of the substrate, and an arc-shaped edge of the arc-shaped piece is connected to the outer arc of the fan-shaped patch.

[0011] Furthermore, another arc-shaped side of the arc-shaped sheet is connected to a metal bottom plate.

[0012] Furthermore, there are gaps between the straight edges of the fan-shaped patch and the corresponding first vibrator, fourth vibrator, second vibrator and third vibrator.

[0013] Furthermore, there are gaps between adjacent sector-shaped patches.

[0014] Another technical solution of the present invention: a method for implementing the above-mentioned low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna, calculating the feeding amplitude of the antenna units in the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray and the third loop antenna subarray includes: , Among them, when hour, represents the feeding amplitude of the antenna element in the first loop antenna subarray, when hour, represents the feeding amplitude of the antenna element in the second loop antenna subarray, when hour, represents the feeding amplitude of the antenna element in the third loop antenna subarray, Indicates the number of medium-power side lobes in the antenna pattern, , B n express n The corresponding Baylis distribution coefficient is, N =3.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention solves the problem of increased sidelobe level during beam scanning by designing different annular antenna subarrays and designing electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles in the antenna units of each annular antenna subarray. Compared with the scanning vortex beam generated by traditional antennas, the sidelobe level is smaller, thereby achieving a larger vortex wave scanning angle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a vortex wave antenna with low side lobes and wide scanning angle according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of an antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the electric dipole and the coaxial line in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is the far-field pattern of the antenna in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a far-field phase distribution diagram when the beam radiated by the antenna in an embodiment of the present invention is deflected by 15°; Figure 8 is a far-field phase distribution diagram when the beam radiated by the antenna in an embodiment of the present invention is deflected by 30°; Fig. 9 is a far-field phase distribution diagram when the beam radiated by the antenna in an embodiment of the present invention is deflected by 45°; Fig.10 is a modal spectrum diagram of the antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 is a reflection coefficient curve diagram of the antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 The directional diagram and axial ratio curve diagram of the antenna unit with an azimuth angle of 0° in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13The directional diagram and axial ratio curve diagram of the antenna unit with an azimuth angle of 90° in the embodiment of the present invention; Fig.14 1 is a comparison diagram of antenna radiation patterns of different feeding modes in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Among them: 10. Antenna unit; 11. First oscillator; 12. Fourth oscillator; 13. Base plate; 14. Second oscillator; 15. Third oscillator; 16. Arc sheet; 17. Metal base plate; 18. Fan-shaped patch; 20. Mounting plate; 30. Coaxial line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] The present invention discloses a vortex wave antenna with low side lobes and wide scanning angle, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a first circular antenna subarray, a second circular antenna subarray and a third circular antenna subarray installed on the same installation surface and arranged concentrically; the radii of the first circular antenna subarray, the second circular antenna subarray and the third circular antenna subarray are respectively λ / 2, λ and 3 λ / 2; among them, λ is the free space wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency; the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray and the third loop antenna subarray are each composed of a number of uniformly arranged antenna units 10; each antenna unit 10 includes an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole; wherein the feeding amplitudes of the antenna units 10 on the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray and the third loop antenna subarray are different.

[0020] The present invention solves the problem of increased sidelobe level during beam scanning by designing different annular antenna subarrays and designing electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles in the antenna unit 10 of each annular antenna subarray. Compared with the scanning vortex beam generated by traditional antennas, the sidelobe level is smaller, thereby achieving a larger vortex wave scanning angle.

[0021] In the present invention, a plurality of antenna units 10 are evenly arranged on three concentric annular antenna subarrays to form three circular arrays, thereby generating vortex beams. The three annular antenna subarrays are all mounted on the same mounting plate 20 .

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the numbers of antenna units 10 on the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray and the third loop antenna subarray are 6, 12 and 18 respectively.

[0023] In this antenna, several antenna units 10 arranged along the radial direction of the antenna are considered to constitute a linear array, and the normalized value of the feeding amplitude of the linear array obeys the Baylis distribution, which can reduce the sidelobe level of the vortex beam. In other words, the normalized value of the feeding amplitude of the antenna unit 10 in the first annular antenna subarray, the second annular antenna subarray and the third annular antenna subarray obeys the Baylis distribution. The antenna feed uses a phase shifter to excite a vortex wave with a modal number of +1, and can achieve a beam scan with a wide angle of 0°-45°, that is, the wide scanning angle in the present invention refers to a scanning angle of 0°-45°.

[0024] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the antenna unit 10 includes a circular substrate 13; a first vibrator 11 and a fourth vibrator 12 are attached to the first surface of the substrate 13 and are perpendicular to each other; the first vibrator 11 and the fourth vibrator 12 are both in the shape of strips, and the two are connected to the middle of the substrate 13; Figure 5 As shown, the second surface of the substrate 13 is attached with a second vibrator 14 and a third vibrator 15 which are perpendicular to each other; the second vibrator 14 and the third vibrator 15 are both in strip shape and are connected to the middle of the substrate 13; the first vibrator 11 and the second vibrator 14 are collinear and are arranged along the radial direction of the substrate 13; the fourth vibrator 12 and the third vibrator 15 are collinear and are arranged along the radial direction of the substrate 13; the free ends of the first vibrator 11, the fourth vibrator 12, the second vibrator 14 and the third vibrator 15 are all arranged on the periphery of the substrate 13.

[0025] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the first vibrator 11 and the fourth vibrator 12 are both connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial line 30; the second vibrator 14 and the third vibrator 15 are both connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line 30. The first vibrator 11 and the fourth vibrator 12, and the second vibrator 14 and the third vibrator 15 are both connected via an arc ring.

[0026] Through the above design, the first oscillator 11 and the second oscillator 14 form an electric dipole, and the fourth oscillator 12 and the third oscillator 15 form another electric dipole. The two arms of the electric dipole (i.e., the corresponding two oscillators) are printed on the two surfaces of the substrate 13 respectively. When feeding, the first oscillator 11 and the fourth oscillator 12 located on the first surface of the substrate 13 are connected by a metal arc ring with a three-quarter circumference, and then connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial line 30. The second oscillator 14 and the third oscillator 15 located on the second surface of the substrate 13 are also connected by a metal arc ring with a three-quarter circumference, and then connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line 30. The role of the metal arc ring is to provide a 90° feeding phase difference for the two crossed electric dipoles, thereby synthesizing circularly polarized radiation.

[0027] Fan-shaped patches 18 are provided on the second surface of the substrate 13 and are located between the projection of the first vibrator 11 and the projection of the fourth vibrator 12, between the second vibrator 14 and the third vibrator 15, between the projection of the fourth vibrator 12 and the second vibrator 14, and between the projection of the first vibrator 11 and the third vibrator 15; wherein the second surface is the opposite surface of the first surface; the projection of the first vibrator 11 refers to the projection of the first vibrator 11 on the second surface, and the projection of the fourth vibrator 12 refers to the projection of the fourth vibrator 12 on the second surface.

[0028] The outer arc of the sector-shaped patch 18 coincides with the outer periphery of the substrate 13; the outer arc of the sector-shaped patch 18 is connected to an arc-shaped piece 16 perpendicular to the second surface of the substrate 13, and one arc side of the arc-shaped piece 16 is connected to the outer arc of the sector-shaped patch 18. The other arc side of the arc-shaped piece 16 is connected to a metal bottom plate 17. The length of the arc-shaped piece 16 is designed to be a quarter wavelength.

[0029] It should be noted that there are gaps between the straight sides of the sector-shaped patch 18 and the corresponding first vibrator 11, fourth vibrator 12, second vibrator 14 and third vibrator 15. There are gaps between adjacent sector-shaped patches 18.

[0030] Four spaces are formed between two crossed electric dipoles, so fan-shaped patches 18 and arc-shaped patches 16 are provided in these four spaces, and combined with a part of the metal base plate 17 and the coaxial line 30, four magnetic dipoles are formed. The magnetic dipoles are coupled and fed by the electric dipoles, which can widen the half-power beam width and axial ratio beam width of the antenna unit 10.

[0031] The antenna unit 10 of the present invention is a wide-beam right-hand circularly polarized antenna. Each antenna unit 10 is fed by a 50Ω coaxial line 30 and has an operating frequency band of 2.3 GHz.

[0032] As a specific implementation method, adjusting the feeding phase of the antenna unit 10 can excite the vortex wave and achieve scanning. The required phase is specifically calculated as follows: Taking the innermost first circular antenna subarray as an example, all antenna units 10 are arranged along a radius of λ / 2 are arranged evenly on the circumference, assuming that p The current of antenna unit 10 is , A p Indicates the current value, Indicates p The phase of the antenna element 10, then the field point of the antenna subarray in the antenna radiation field The direction function at is: , in, r , θ, They respectively represent the distance, elevation angle, and azimuth angle of the field point relative to the center point of the antenna. j represents the imaginary unit, k represents the wave number in free space, , Indicates p The direction angle of the antenna unit 10, , P Indicates the number of array elements in the loop antenna subarray.

[0033] Furthermore, if we want to make the beam maximum direction , then p The phase of the antenna element 10 should be ,in, represents the elevation angle in the direction of the beam maximum, The directional angle indicating the direction of the beam maximum.

[0034] The antenna generates a modulus of The requirements for the vortex wave are: the feeding amplitude of the antenna units 10 in the ring antenna subarray is the same, and the deflection phase between the antenna units 10 is Therefore, to make the modulus The vortex beam is pointed to , No. p The feeding phase of each antenna unit 10 should be the superposition of the deflection phase and the vortex phase, which can be written as: .

[0035] exist Figure 6 In the figure, the horizontal axis is the elevation angle, and the vertical axis is the antenna gain. When the beam is pointed at 0°, the main lobe gain is 13.5dBic, the main-side lobe isolation is 28.2dB, and the mode purity is 0.99; when the beam is scanned to 30°, the main lobe gain is 13.5dBic, the main-side lobe isolation is 19.5dB, and the mode purity is 0.95; when the beam is scanned to 45°, the main lobe gain is 13.5dBic, the main-side lobe isolation is 17dB, and the mode purity is 0.91. It can be seen that as the scanning angle increases, the main-side lobe isolation and modal purity of the antenna deteriorate, but meet the requirements that the main-side lobe isolation is greater than 10dB and the main lobe gain decreases by less than 3dB during scanning.

[0036] Figure 7 It means that when the beam radiated by the antenna is deflected by 15°, a 360-degree phase change occurs in the plane perpendicular to the propagation direction. Figure 8 It means that when the beam radiated by the antenna is deflected by 30°, a 360-degree phase change occurs in the plane perpendicular to the propagation direction. Fig. 9It means that when the beam radiated by the antenna is deflected by 45°, a 360-degree phase change is generated in the plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, that is, when the beam radiated by the antenna is deflected by 15°, 30°, and 45°, a vortex wave with a mode number of 1 is radiated.

[0037] Fig.10 It means that the modal purity of the beam radiated by the antenna is the highest when the modal number is 1. The beam radiated by the antenna can be considered as a vortex wave with a modal number of 1.

[0038] It can be seen that the present invention uses a phase shifter to provide the phase required for exciting the vortex wave and the phase of the beam offset, thereby exciting a vortex wave with a mode number of +1 and performing beam scanning from 0° to 45°.

[0039] As a specific implementation, in this embodiment, the substrate 13 is made of Duroid RO4003 with a thickness of 1 mm, a relative dielectric constant of 3.38, and a diameter of 61.5 mm. The specific parameters of the antenna unit 10 are as follows: The width of the first vibrator 11 and the second vibrator 14 w 1=3.5mm, the length of the first vibrator 11 and the second vibrator 14 =25.8mm, the width of the widened section at the end of the first vibrator 11 and the second vibrator 14 w 2=11mm, the length of the third vibrator 15 and the fourth vibrator 12 =30.1 mm, the radius of the semicircular end of the third vibrator 15 and the fourth vibrator 12 close to the center of the substrate 13 r =5.6mm, height of arc piece 16 h =20mm, the central angle of the sector patch 18 is 80°.

[0040] The metal arc ring introduces a 90° phase difference to the crossed electric dipoles, making t = 0 when the maximum current on the electric dipole is J 1, the current direction is horizontal, and the electric dipole is the main radiation patch. In addition, the current on the fan-shaped patch 18, the arc patch 16, the coaxial line 30 and the metal bottom plate 17 form a current loop in the same direction. J 2. Since the radius of the sector patch 18 is close to the oscillator length of the electric dipole patch, which is approximately equal to one quarter of the free space wavelength, and the length of the arc patch 16 is also approximately equal to one quarter of the wavelength, the electrical length of the current loop is approximately equal to one wavelength, so the current loop can be equivalent to a magnetic flux. M Similarly, the diagonal arc patch 16 and the fan-shaped patch 18 can also be equivalent to magnetic currents in the same direction. M The E-plane and H-plane directional patterns of the electric dipole are "∞" and " ” shape, and the E-plane and H-plane direction diagrams of the magnetic dipole are respectively " and "∞" shapes are complementary to the electric dipole pattern. The combination of the two forms a magnetic electric dipole, which makes the E-plane and H-plane patterns of the antenna similar in shape and widens the beam width of the antenna.

[0041] The antenna unit 10 of the present invention radiates right-hand circularly polarized waves at 2.3 GHz, with a gain of 3.5 dBic, a half-power beamwidth of 145° and 144.3° at azimuth angles of 0° and 90°, respectively, and a 3dB axial ratio beamwidth of 156° and 148°, respectively.

[0042] like Fig.11 As shown, the reflection coefficient of the antenna is less than -10dB in the frequency band of 1.9-2.73GHz, and the antenna can radiate the beam normally in this frequency band.

[0043] like Fig.12 As shown, when the azimuth angle is 0°, the antenna radiation beam is a right-handed beam, and in the range of the elevation angle from 71° to -74°, the circular polarization axis ratio is less than 3dB, and the beam radiated by the antenna is a right-handed circularly polarized wave.

[0044] like Fig.13 As shown, when the azimuth angle is 90°, the antenna radiation beam is a right-handed beam, and in the range of the elevation angle from -72° to 72.5°, the circular polarization axis ratio is less than 3dB, and the beam radiated by the antenna is a right-handed circularly polarized wave.

[0045] In addition, the antenna is fed by Baylis distribution, Taylor distribution and equal amplitude feeding respectively to set the sidelobe level. A= -30dB, The calculated normalized values ​​of the feeding amplitude of the antenna unit 10 on each loop antenna subarray are shown in Table 1. Fig.14 As shown in the figure, the beam sidelobe level generated by feeding using the Baylis distribution is the lowest among the three methods.

[0046] Table 1

[0047] The present invention also discloses a method for realizing the above-mentioned low side lobe and wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna. L The line source, its discretized excitation function can be expressed as: , In the formula, Indicates location d Feeding amplitude at d The discretized excitation is expressed as L The position of the line source, B n forn The corresponding Baylis distribution coefficient is, Indicates the number of medium-power side lobes in the antenna pattern, .

[0048] Therefore, for a line source, its discretized excitation function can be expressed as the following formula, that is, calculating the feeding amplitude of the antenna unit 10 in the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray and the third loop antenna subarray includes: , Among them, when hour, represents the feeding amplitude of the antenna unit 10 in the first loop antenna subarray, when hour, represents the feeding amplitude of the antenna unit 10 in the second loop antenna subarray, when hour, represents the feeding amplitude of the antenna unit 10 in the third loop antenna subarray, Indicates the number of medium-power side lobes in the antenna pattern, , B n express n The corresponding Baylis distribution coefficient is, N =3.

[0049] More specifically, the Baylis distribution coefficient is calculated as: , The Baylis distribution generally sets the array element feeding amplitude at the center position to 0. Therefore, there is no antenna unit 10 at the center of the substrate 13, and a linear array with 7 antenna units 10 is formed along the radial direction of the antenna array. The sidelobe level is set to A =-30dB, number of equal power side lobes , , , is a constant related to the sidelobe level, and its value is listed in Table 2; the normalized amplitude of the Baylis distribution feed is calculated to be: 0.3371, 0.8388, 1, 0, 1, 0.8388, 0.3371.

[0050] In addition, for the linear array using Baylis synthesis, its antenna pattern can be expressed as: , in, x is a variable in radians, the antenna pattern is x =0 and x =±( n +0.5) has a zero point, but x=0 cancels the denominator in the equation, so if we only move ±( n +0.5) and a fixed zero point of ±( n +0.5) and other zero points to reduce the sidelobe level, and the above formula can be corrected to: , in, σx n is the new zero position in the antenna pattern, , , A is the sidelobe level, is a constant related to the sidelobe level and its value is listed in Table 2.

[0051] Table 2

[0052] In summary, the wide scanning angle vortex wave array antenna designed in the present invention adopts a concentric ring array with Baylis amplitude distribution, which improves the sidelobe level during beam scanning and increases the vortex wave scanning angle.

Claims

1. A low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna, characterized in that: It includes a first loop antenna subarray, a second loop antenna subarray and a third loop antenna subarray installed on the same installation surface and arranged concentrically; The radii of the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray, and the third loop antenna subarray are respectively λ / 2, λ and 3 λ / 2; among them, λ is the free space wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency; The first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray and the third loop antenna subarray are all composed of a plurality of antenna units (10) that are evenly arranged; Each of the antenna units (10) comprises an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole; The feeding amplitudes of the antenna units (10) on the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray and the third loop antenna subarray are different.

2. A low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The normalized values ​​of the feeding amplitudes of the antenna units (10) on the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray and the third loop antenna subarray obey the Baylis distribution.

3. A low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The antenna unit (10) comprises a circular substrate (13); A first vibrator (11) and a fourth vibrator (12) perpendicular to each other are attached to the first surface of the substrate (13); The first vibrator (11) and the fourth vibrator (12) are both in the shape of strips, and are connected to the middle part of the substrate (13); A second vibrator (14) and a third vibrator (15) which are perpendicular to each other are attached to the second surface of the substrate (13); The second vibrator (14) and the third vibrator (15) are both in the shape of strips, and are connected to the middle part of the substrate (13); The first vibrator (11) and the second vibrator (14) are collinear, and are arranged along the radial direction of the substrate (13); The fourth vibrator (12) and the third vibrator (15) are collinear, and both are arranged along the radial direction of the substrate (13); The free ends of the first vibrator (11), the fourth vibrator (12), the second vibrator (14) and the third vibrator (15) are all arranged on the periphery of the substrate (13).

4. A low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The first vibrator (11) and the fourth vibrator (12) are both connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial line (30); The second vibrator (14) and the third vibrator (15) are both connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line (30).

5. A low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The first vibrator (11) and the fourth vibrator (12), and the second vibrator (14) and the third vibrator (15) are connected via an arc ring.

6. A low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: Sector-shaped patches (18) are provided on the second surface of the substrate (13) and are located between the projection of the first vibrator (11) and the projection of the fourth vibrator (12), between the second vibrator (14) and the third vibrator (15), between the projection of the fourth vibrator (12) and the second vibrator (14), and between the projection of the first vibrator (11) and the third vibrator (15); wherein the second surface is the opposite surface of the first surface; The outer arc of the sector-shaped patch (18) coincides with the outer periphery of the substrate (13); The outer arc of the fan-shaped patch (18) is connected to an arc-shaped piece (16) perpendicular to the second surface of the substrate (13), and an arc-shaped edge of the arc-shaped piece (16) is connected to the outer arc of the fan-shaped patch (18).

7. A low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The other arc-shaped side of the arc-shaped sheet (16) is connected to a metal bottom plate (17).

8. A low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: There is a gap between the straight edge of the fan-shaped patch (18) and the corresponding first vibrator (11), fourth vibrator (12), second vibrator (14) and third vibrator (15).

9. A low sidelobe, wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: There is a gap between adjacent sector-shaped patches (18).

10. A method for realizing a low sidelobe and wide scanning angle vortex wave antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Calculating the feeding amplitudes of the antenna units (10) in the first loop antenna subarray, the second loop antenna subarray and the third loop antenna subarray comprises: ， Among them, when hour, represents the feeding amplitude of the antenna unit (10) in the first loop antenna subarray, when hour, represents the feeding amplitude of the antenna unit (10) in the second loop antenna subarray, when hour, represents the feeding amplitude of the antenna unit (10) in the third loop antenna subarray, Indicates the number of medium-power side lobes in the antenna pattern, , B n express n The corresponding Baylis distribution coefficient is, N =3.

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