Power tracking module, photovoltaic power generation system, control method of power tracking module and control method of photovoltaic power generation system

Abstract

The invention provides a power tracking module, a photovoltaic power generation system, a control method of the power tracking module and a control method of the photovoltaic power generation system. According to the invention, the power tracking module independently monitors and predicts the power generation capacity of each photovoltaic power generation module, can determine the power generation influence parameters (illumination intensity, temperature, material properties and geometric dimensions) of the photovoltaic power generation modules, and predicts the power generation power data of the photovoltaic power generation modules based on the parameters. And the prediction result is sent to the main controller. And the main controller dynamically executes accurate power distribution according to the power generation power data sent by each power tracking module in combination with the power demand of the power grid. In this way, the technical problem that power demand distribution is not appropriate enough in the prior art is effectively solved, it is ensured that the photovoltaic power generation system can fully utilize the power generation capacity, meanwhile, the power demand of the power grid side is met, and the overall power supply efficiency and stability of the photovoltaic power generation system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a power tracking module, a photovoltaic power generation system, a control method of the power tracking module, and a control method of the photovoltaic power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation system is a clean energy system that uses solar energy to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. Its core components include photovoltaic power generation modules and power transmission systems connected to the grid. Photovoltaic power generation modules convert sunlight into direct current through the photovoltaic effect, and then convert direct current into alternating current through inverters for use in power grids or loads.

[0003] In the related art, when the power grid uses photovoltaic power generation, there is a technical problem of inappropriate power demand allocation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and provide a power tracking module, a photovoltaic power generation system, a control method for a power tracking module and a control method for a photovoltaic power generation system to solve the technical problem in the related art that, in the scenario where the power grid generates electricity through photovoltaic power, there is insufficient power demand allocation.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a power tracking module, which is applied to a photovoltaic power generation system. The photovoltaic power generation system includes a plurality of photovoltaic power generation modules and a main controller. Each photovoltaic power generation module is connected to a corresponding power tracking module and connected to a bus through the power tracking module. The power tracking module includes:

[0007] A conversion device, one end of which is connected to the photovoltaic power generation module and the other end of which is connected to a bus bar, and is used to perform a voltage boost process on the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation module;

[0008] A sub-control device is communicatively connected with the conversion device and the main controller, and is at least used for receiving a first instruction sent by the main controller, wherein the first instruction is an instruction for indicating predicted power generation data; then, in response to the first instruction, determining power generation influencing parameters of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, wherein the power generation influencing parameters are parameters that indicate the effects on the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module; then, based on the power generation influencing parameters, predicting the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, and finally sending the power generation data to the main controller.

[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic power generation system, which includes multiple photovoltaic power generation modules and a main controller, wherein the photovoltaic power generation modules are correspondingly connected to the power tracking modules and are connected to the bus through the power tracking modules; wherein the power tracking modules are the power tracking modules described above.

[0010] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a power tracking module, the method being applied to a power tracking module in a photovoltaic power generation system, the photovoltaic power generation system comprising a plurality of photovoltaic power generation modules, the photovoltaic power generation modules being correspondingly connected to power tracking modules, the method comprising:

[0011] receiving a first instruction sent by a main controller; wherein the first instruction is an instruction for indicating predicted power generation data;

[0012] In response to the first instruction, determining a power generation influencing parameter; wherein the power generation influencing parameter is a parameter that indicates an influence on the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module;

[0013] Based on the power generation influencing parameters, predict the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module;

[0014] The generated power data is sent to a main controller.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a photovoltaic power generation system, the method being applied to a main controller in the photovoltaic power generation system, the main controller being communicatively connected to a plurality of power tracking modules, the power tracking modules being correspondingly connected to photovoltaic power generation modules, the method comprising:

[0016] receiving power demand data;

[0017] Sending a first instruction to each of the plurality of power tracking modules; wherein the first instruction is an instruction for instructing to predict the generated power data;

[0018] Receiving the power generation data sent by the multiple power tracking modules; wherein the power generation value is obtained by the power tracking module first determining the power generation influencing parameters of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, and then predicting based on the power generation influencing parameters;

[0019] The power demand data is allocated based on the generated power data sent by the plurality of power tracking modules and the power demand data.

[0020] Beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention uses a power tracking module to monitor and predict the power generation capacity of each photovoltaic power generation module individually. The power tracking module can determine the power generation influencing parameters (light intensity, temperature, material properties, geometric dimensions) of the photovoltaic power generation module, and predict its power generation data based on these parameters, and send the prediction results to the main controller. The main controller dynamically performs accurate power allocation based on the power generation data sent by each power tracking module and the power demand of the power grid. In this way, the technical problem of inappropriate power demand allocation in the related art is effectively solved, ensuring that the photovoltaic power generation system can fully utilize the power generation capacity while meeting the power demand on the power grid side, thereby improving the overall power supply efficiency and stability of the photovoltaic power generation system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a power tracking module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 is an interactive schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 is a flow chart of a control method of a power tracking module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 is a block diagram of a power tracking module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] In the attached figure:

[0030] Power tracking module: 100;

[0031] Photovoltaic power generation module: 200;

[0032] Main controller: 300;

[0033] Transformer: 101;

[0034] Sub-control device: 102;

[0035] Inverter module: 400. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0037] Among the related technologies, photovoltaic power generation, as an important form of new energy, has been widely used in power systems. Photovoltaic power generation systems convert solar energy into electrical energy to provide clean and stable electricity to the power grid. However, since the output characteristics of photovoltaic power generation are easily affected by external environmental factors such as weather, light intensity, and temperature, its power generation often has volatility and uncertainty.

[0038] In the prior art, photovoltaic power generation systems often supply power to the grid through a centralized control solution, where a main controller collects power generation data from all photovoltaic power generation modules and uniformly regulates output power according to grid demand.

[0039] It is understandable that, first of all, the output of photovoltaic power generation modules is often affected by the dynamic changes of environmental factors such as light intensity and temperature, and the power generation capacity of different photovoltaic power generation modules varies significantly. Secondly, the power allocation in related technologies often adopts a global unified allocation strategy, ignoring the actual power generation capacity of each photovoltaic power generation module, which may cause some photovoltaic power generation modules to be overloaded or insufficiently allocated. Finally, in scenarios where grid demand changes rapidly, the power regulation delay in related technologies is large and cannot quickly adapt to dynamic demand, which will lead to low overall efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a power tracking module 100, which is applied to a photovoltaic power generation system. The photovoltaic power generation system includes multiple photovoltaic power generation modules 200 and a main controller 300. Each photovoltaic power generation module 200 is correspondingly connected to one of the power tracking modules 100 and is connected to the bus through the power tracking module 100.

[0041] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation system may include a plurality of photovoltaic power generation modules 200, and each photovoltaic power generation module 200 is connected to a corresponding power tracking module 100. The photovoltaic power generation module 200 is connected to the bus through the corresponding power tracking module 100, and then connected to the inverter module 400 through the bus, and the inverter module 400 can be connected to the grid side. Specifically, each photovoltaic power generation module 200 generates direct current according to the current conditions such as light intensity and ambient temperature. It can be understood that the power generation capacity of each photovoltaic power generation module 200 will be different due to differences in the position and material of the photovoltaic power generation module 200 itself. Each power tracking module 100 can collect the power generation influencing parameters (light intensity, temperature, module material properties and geometric dimensions, etc.) of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200. The power tracking module 100 can predict the power generation power of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200 according to the power generation influencing parameters, and the output voltage of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200 is boosted through the conversion device 101 to adapt it to the bus voltage range and meet the power demand of the grid side. The processed output power of all power tracking modules 100 is gathered to the bus to form a unified DC power supply. The bus power is converted into AC power by the inverter module 400 and output to the power grid. The main controller 300 can receive the power generation data sent by the power tracking module 100, and then calculate the target power allocation value of each power tracking module 100 in combination with the power demand on the grid side, and send adjustment instructions to the power tracking module 100. The power tracking module 100 adjusts the output power according to the instructions of the main controller 300 to ensure that the entire photovoltaic power generation system can meet the needs of the grid side and realize the efficient use of photovoltaic power generation resources.

[0042] The power tracking module 100 includes:

[0043] The conversion device 101 has one end connected to the photovoltaic power generation module 200 and the other end connected to a bus bar, and is used to perform a voltage boost process on the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation module 200 .

[0044] In this embodiment, the conversion device 101 may be a unidirectional converter. Specifically, the unidirectional converter may be a Boost converter. The Boost converter is a step-up DC-DC converter used to increase the lower output voltage of the photovoltaic module to a high voltage suitable for the DC bus.

[0045] In this embodiment, the conversion device 101 may be a bidirectional converter, which can both boost and buck voltage, and can achieve bidirectional flow of energy. The bidirectional converter can boost the output voltage of the photovoltaic module to the DC bus voltage, and can also supply power to the photovoltaic module from the DC bus when necessary. Specifically, the bidirectional converter may be a Buck-Boost converter.

[0046] In this embodiment, the conversion device 101 may also be a multi-phase Boost converter.

[0047] In this embodiment, the conversion device 101 may also be a full-bridge converter.

[0048] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation module 200 can be connected to the photovoltaic power generation system busbar through the conversion device 101, and further connected to the inverter module 400 of the photovoltaic power generation system through the busbar. The inverter module 400 can be connected to the grid side.

[0049] The sub-control device 102 is communicatively connected with the conversion device 101 and the main controller 300, and is at least used for receiving a first instruction sent by the main controller 300, wherein the first instruction is an instruction for indicating predicted power generation data; and then, in response to the first instruction, determining power generation influencing parameters of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200, wherein the power generation influencing parameters are parameters that affect the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module 200; and then, based on the power generation influencing parameters, predicting the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200, and finally sending the power generation data to the main controller 300.

[0050] In this embodiment, the sub-control device 102 can be used to receive a first instruction sent by the main controller 300, which is an instruction for indicating the prediction of power generation data; then, in response to the first instruction, determine the power generation influencing parameters of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200, and the power generation influencing parameters are parameters that affect the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module 200; then, based on the power generation influencing parameters, predict the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200, and finally send the power generation data to the main controller 300.

[0051] On this basis, the sub-control device 102 can also receive a second instruction sent by the main controller 300; wherein the second instruction carries a corresponding target power allocation value, and the second instruction is used to control the power tracking module 100 to adjust its own output power to approach the target power allocation value;

[0052] On this basis, the sub-control device 102 can also calculate the deviation between the current output power data and the target power allocation value in response to the second instruction.

[0053] On this basis, the sub-control device 102 can also generate a corresponding control signal based on the deviation to adjust the output power of the power tracking module 100 .

[0054] In this embodiment, the sub-control device 102 can be communicatively connected to the conversion device 101, and can send control instructions (for example, PWM control instructions) to the conversion device 101 through a communication interface to control the working state of the conversion device 101, thereby adjusting the output power of the conversion device 101.

[0055] Specifically, in this embodiment, the sub-control device 102 in the power tracking module 100 can be connected to the conversion device 101 through a digital communication interface, such as I2C (serial communication), SPI (serial peripheral interface) or CAN (controller area network) bus, for achieving high-precision data transmission.

[0056] The sub-control device 102 in the power tracking module 100 can be connected to the conversion device 101 through a PWM signal interface.

[0057] The sub-control device 102 in the power tracking module 100 may also be connected to the conversion device 101 via an analog signal interface.

[0058] In this embodiment, the sub-control device 102 in the power tracking module 100 may also be connected to the conversion device 101 via an analog signal interface.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, the sub-control device 102 can generate a corresponding PWM signal based on the second instruction issued by the main controller 300, the power generation state (e.g., voltage, current, power) of the photovoltaic power generation module 200, and the voltage state of the bus. The duty cycle of the PWM signal determines the conduction time of the switch tube in the conversion device 101, thereby controlling the voltage step-up or step-down amplitude of the conversion device 101.

[0060] When voltage boost is required, the sub-control device 102 will increase the duty cycle of the PWM signal and extend the on-time of the switch tube, thereby increasing the output voltage of the conversion device 101 .

[0061] When voltage reduction is required, the sub-control device 102 will reduce the duty cycle of the PWM signal and shorten the on-time of the switch tube, thereby reducing the output voltage of the conversion device 101 .

[0062] In this embodiment, the sub-control device 102 can be connected to the main controller 300 for communication, and can also exchange data with the main controller 300 through a communication interface. For example, the sub-control device 102 can obtain a first instruction from the main controller 300, and the sub-control device 102 can also generate power data and send it to the main controller 300.

[0063] In this embodiment, the power generation influencing parameters are parameters that affect the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module 200. The power generation influencing parameters may include: light intensity data and temperature data of the current photovoltaic power generation module 200 and material property data and geometric dimension data of the current photovoltaic power generation module 200.

[0064] It is understandable that in a photovoltaic power generation system, different photovoltaic power generation modules 200 (e.g., photovoltaic power generation components) are located in different positions, and their light intensity data and temperature data often have deviations. It is also understandable that different photovoltaic power generation modules 200 often have deviations in size and material properties, which leads to inconsistent power generation capabilities.

[0065] Specifically, the light intensity data refers to the solar radiation energy received by the current photovoltaic power generation module 200, which can be expressed as light energy per unit area. In a photovoltaic power generation system, multiple photovoltaic power generation modules 200 are distributed in different positions, and the light intensity received by them may vary greatly. For example, some photovoltaic power generation modules 200 may be blocked by buildings, trees or other photovoltaic components, resulting in low light intensity. The light intensity received by the same photovoltaic power generation module 200 will also fluctuate due to changes in the angle of the sun within a day. It is understandable that weather conditions (sunny, cloudy, foggy, etc.) will also significantly affect the light intensity received by the photovoltaic power generation module 200. When dust, stains, etc. cover the surface of the module, the light intensity actually received by the photovoltaic power generation module 200 will also be reduced.

[0066] The temperature data represents the operating temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module 200, which may include the ambient temperature and the surface temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module 200 itself. The temperature data of photovoltaic power generation modules 200 at different locations may be different due to different environmental factors such as heat dissipation conditions, wind speed, air flow, etc., and the change of direct sunlight intensity at different time periods during the day may also cause temperature fluctuations. The power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation module 200 tends to decrease with the increase of temperature, which is mainly caused by the physical properties of the module material (temperature coefficient of open circuit voltage).

[0067] The geometric dimension data represents the physical dimensions of the photovoltaic power generation module 200, and may include parameters such as the length, width, and thickness of the photovoltaic power generation module 200. The power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation module 200 is proportional to its effective illumination area. Different photovoltaic power generation modules 200 may have different areas due to different manufacturing specifications.

[0068] The material property data represents the material characteristics of the photovoltaic power generation module 200, which may include photoelectric conversion efficiency, band gap energy, attenuation coefficient and transmittance. It is understandable that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of different photovoltaic power generation modules 200 may vary due to manufacturing process and material selection (for example, single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon or thin film material). The band gap energy of different photovoltaic materials will affect its absorption spectrum range. For example, the band gap energy of single crystal silicon is 1.1eV, while the band gap energy of some thin film materials is lower. The performance of the photovoltaic power generation module 200 will decay with the use time, and the attenuation coefficient of different materials may be different. For example, the annual attenuation rate of single crystal silicon modules is often lower than that of polycrystalline silicon modules. The transmittance of the surface material of the photovoltaic power generation module 200 will also affect the utilization rate of the incident light energy, and the photovoltaic power generation module 200 with low transmittance may cause light energy loss.

[0069] In this embodiment, the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200 in the predicted power generation data can be represented as the photovoltaic power generation module 200 connected to the current power tracking module 100. It can be understood that in the photovoltaic power generation system, multiple photovoltaic power generation modules 200 are included for generating electric energy, and each photovoltaic power generation module 200 is connected to a power tracking module 100 to perform corresponding data processing and control. Therefore, when a power tracking module 100 receives the first instruction from the main controller 300, the power tracking module 100 receiving the first instruction will determine the power generation influencing parameter of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200 (that is, connected to it). Based on the power generation influencing parameter, the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200 (that is, connected to it) is predicted. For example, the sub-control device 102 first predicts the maximum current data and the maximum voltage data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200 according to the light intensity data and the temperature data; and then calculates the power generation data based on the maximum current data and the maximum voltage data.

[0070] In this embodiment, the sub-control device 102 sends the power generation data to the main controller 300. The main controller 300 can aggregate the power generation data sent by the sub-control devices 102 of each power tracking module 100, and then perform reasonable allocation of the power demand sent by the power grid side based on the aggregated power generation data.

[0071] In this embodiment, a processing device (e.g., DSP, MCU or PLC, etc.) capable of performing data acquisition, data processing and data transmission (or signal transmission) can be separately provided in the photovoltaic power generation system as the main controller 300. The main controller 300, as the core control unit of the entire photovoltaic power generation system, communicates with the sub-control devices 102 of each power tracking module 100 to realize the overall monitoring and regulation of the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0072] In this embodiment, the sub-control device 102 in each power tracking module 100 can also be designated as the main controller 300 in the photovoltaic power generation system. It can be understood that in each power tracking module 100, each power tracking module 100 is configured with a sub-control device 102. A sub-control device 102 of a power tracking module 100 can be designated as the main controller 300. The sub-control device 102 is responsible for the control function of its own power tracking module 100, and also assumes the responsibilities of the main controller 300, and uniformly manages the entire photovoltaic power generation system.

[0073] In this embodiment, in the photovoltaic power generation system, the control board in the inverter module 400 can also be used as the main controller 300. It is understandable that the control board in the inverter module 400 (such as a DSP control board or an embedded processor) can be used as the main controller 300 of the photovoltaic power generation system. The control board of the inverter module 400 is responsible for the operation management of the inverter module 400, and coordinates and controls the entire photovoltaic system.

[0074] In this embodiment, the sub-control device 102 and the main controller 300 may be a programmable logic controller (PLC).

[0075] In this embodiment, the sub-control device 102 and the main controller 300 may be an industrial computer (IPC).

[0076] In this embodiment, the sub-control device 102 and the main controller 300 may be an embedded microcontroller (MCU).

[0077] In this embodiment, the sub-control device 102 and the main controller 300 may be digital signal processors (DSPs).

[0078] In this embodiment, the power tracking module 100 is used to monitor and predict the power generation capacity of each photovoltaic power generation module 200 separately. The power tracking module 100 can determine the power generation influencing parameters (light intensity, temperature, material properties, geometric dimensions) of the photovoltaic power generation module 200, and predict its power generation data based on these parameters, and send the prediction results to the main controller 300. The main controller 300 dynamically performs accurate power allocation based on the power generation data sent by each power tracking module 100 and the power demand of the power grid. In this way, the technical problem of inappropriate power demand allocation in the related technology is effectively solved, ensuring that the photovoltaic power generation system can fully utilize the power generation capacity while meeting the power demand of the power grid, and improving the overall power supply efficiency and stability of the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0079] In some embodiments, the power tracking module 100 further includes:

[0080] A communication module, one end of which is connected to the transformation device 101 and the main controller 300 respectively, and the other end of which is connected to the sub-control device 102.

[0081] In this embodiment, the communication module may be a digital communication interface, such as I 2C (serial communication), SPI (serial peripheral interface) or CAN (controller area network) bus, for realizing high-precision data transmission.

[0082] In this embodiment, the communication module may be a wireless communication interface, for example, a ZigBee module, a Wi-Fi module, or a LoRa module, etc.

[0083] In this embodiment, the communication module may be an analog communication interface.

[0084] In this embodiment, the communication module may be an industrial Ethernet interface.

[0085] In this embodiment, the power tracking module 100 realizes efficient communication between the conversion device 101, the main controller 300 and the sub-control device 102 by setting a communication module. On the one hand, the communication module can timely transmit the operation data (power generation data) of the photovoltaic power generation module 200 collected and processed by the sub-control device 102 to the main controller 300, thereby improving the overall data collection and analysis efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system; on the other hand, the communication module can receive the instructions issued by the main controller 300 and accurately transmit them to the sub-control device 102, thereby ensuring the rapid response and precise execution of power regulation. Through the introduction of the communication module, the coordination ability and operation stability of the power tracking module 100 in the photovoltaic power generation system are further enhanced, and the overall control performance and grid adaptability of the photovoltaic power generation system are effectively improved.

[0086] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic power generation system, including: the photovoltaic power generation system includes multiple photovoltaic power generation modules 200 and a main controller 300, the photovoltaic power generation modules 200 are correspondingly connected to the power tracking modules 100, and are connected to the bus through the power tracking modules 100; wherein the power tracking module 100 is the power tracking module 100 mentioned in the above embodiment.

[0087] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation system may include a plurality of photovoltaic power generation modules 200, and each photovoltaic power generation module 200 is connected to a corresponding power tracking module 100. The photovoltaic power generation module 200 is connected to the bus through the corresponding power tracking module 100, and then connected to the inverter module 400 through the bus, and the inverter module 400 can be connected to the grid side. Specifically, each photovoltaic power generation module 200 generates direct current according to the current conditions such as light intensity and ambient temperature. It can be understood that the power generation capacity of each photovoltaic power generation module 200 will be different due to differences in the position and material of the photovoltaic power generation module 200 itself. Each power tracking module 100 can collect the power generation influencing parameters (light intensity, temperature, module material properties and geometric dimensions, etc.) of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200. The power tracking module 100 can predict the power generation power of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200 according to the power generation influencing parameters, and the output voltage of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200 is boosted through the conversion device 101 to adapt it to the bus voltage range and meet the power demand of the grid side. The processed output power of all power tracking modules 100 is gathered to the bus to form a unified DC power supply. The bus power is converted into AC power by the inverter module 400 and output to the power grid. The main controller 300 can receive the power generation data sent by the power tracking module 100, and then calculate the target power allocation value of each power tracking module 100 in combination with the power demand on the grid side, and send adjustment instructions to the power tracking module 100. The power tracking module 100 adjusts the output power according to the instructions of the main controller 300 to ensure that the entire photovoltaic power generation system can meet the needs of the grid side and realize the efficient use of photovoltaic power generation resources.

[0088] Specifically, in this embodiment, the main controller 300 can receive power demand data sent by the power grid side. Then send a first instruction to the multiple power tracking modules 100 respectively; wherein the first instruction is an instruction for indicating the predicted power generation data. It can be understood that after the power tracking module 100 receives the first instruction, it can perform corresponding data collection and data processing, and send the predicted result to the main controller 300. The main controller 300 can allocate the power demand data based on the power generation data sent by the multiple power tracking modules 100 and the power demand data.

[0089] This embodiment sets a plurality of power tracking modules 100 in the photovoltaic power generation system, and each photovoltaic power generation module 200 is connected to a corresponding power tracking module 100, which can independently collect the power generation influencing parameters (light intensity, temperature, material properties and geometric dimensions, etc.) of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module 200, and predict its power generation data. The power tracking module 100 boosts the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation module 200 according to the power generation influencing parameters, so that it adapts to the bus voltage and ensures that the output power meets the grid side demand. The main controller 300 combines the power generation data of each power tracking module 100 and the power demand of the grid, dynamically calculates the target power allocation value of each module, and sends instructions to each power tracking module 100 to achieve accurate power allocation. In this way, the problem of inappropriate power demand allocation in the related art is effectively solved, and the operating efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system is significantly improved, ensuring that the grid demand is met while maximizing the use of photovoltaic power generation resources.

[0090] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a control method for a power tracking module, the method is applied to a power tracking module in a photovoltaic power generation system, the photovoltaic power generation system includes a plurality of photovoltaic power generation modules, the photovoltaic power generation modules are correspondingly connected to power tracking modules, the method includes:

[0091] Step S12: Receive a first instruction sent by the main controller; wherein the first instruction is an instruction for indicating predicted power generation data.

[0092] In this implementation, the receiving action may be represented by the power tracking module receiving a first instruction from the main controller.

[0093] Step S14: In response to the first instruction, determining a power generation influencing parameter; wherein the power generation influencing parameter is a parameter that affects the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module.

[0094] In this embodiment, the power generation influencing parameters are parameters that affect the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module, and the power generation influencing parameters may include: light intensity data and temperature data of the current photovoltaic power generation module and material property data and geometric dimension data of the current photovoltaic power generation module.

[0095] It is understandable that in a photovoltaic power generation system, different photovoltaic power generation modules (e.g., photovoltaic power generation components) are located in different positions, and their light intensity data and temperature data often have deviations. It is also understandable that different photovoltaic power generation modules often have deviations in size and material properties, which in turn leads to inconsistent power generation capabilities.

[0096] Specifically, the light intensity data refers to the solar radiation energy received by the current photovoltaic power generation module, which can be expressed as light energy per unit area. In a photovoltaic power generation system, multiple photovoltaic power generation modules are distributed in different positions, and the light intensity they receive may vary greatly. For example, some photovoltaic power generation modules may be blocked by buildings, trees or other photovoltaic components, resulting in low light intensity. The light intensity received by the same photovoltaic power generation module will also fluctuate due to changes in the angle of the sun within a day. It is understandable that weather conditions (sunny, cloudy, foggy, etc.) will also significantly affect the light intensity received by the photovoltaic power generation module. When dust, stains, etc. cover the surface of the module, the actual light intensity received by the photovoltaic power generation module will also be reduced.

[0097] The temperature data represents the operating temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module, which may include the ambient temperature and the surface temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module itself. Photovoltaic power generation modules in different locations will have different temperature data due to different environmental factors such as heat dissipation conditions, wind speed, air flow, etc., and changes in direct sunlight intensity at different time periods during the day will also cause temperature fluctuations. The power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power generation modules tends to decrease with increasing temperature, which is mainly caused by the physical properties of the module material (temperature coefficient of open circuit voltage).

[0098] The geometric dimension data refers to the physical dimensions of the photovoltaic power generation module, and may include parameters such as the length, width and thickness of the photovoltaic power generation module. The power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation module is proportional to its effective illumination area. Different photovoltaic power generation modules may have different areas due to different manufacturing specifications.

[0099] The material property data represents the material characteristics of the photovoltaic power generation module, which may include photoelectric conversion efficiency, band gap energy, attenuation coefficient and transmittance. It is understandable that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of different photovoltaic power generation modules may vary due to manufacturing process and material selection (for example, single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon or thin film material). The band gap energy of different photovoltaic materials will affect its absorption spectrum range. For example, the band gap energy of single crystal silicon is 1.1eV, while the band gap energy of some thin film materials is lower. The performance of the photovoltaic power generation module will decay with the use time, and the attenuation coefficient of different materials may be different. For example, the annual attenuation rate of single crystal silicon modules is often lower than that of polycrystalline silicon modules. The transmittance of the surface material of the photovoltaic power generation module will also affect the utilization rate of the incident light energy, and the photovoltaic power generation module with low transmittance may cause light energy loss.

[0100] In this embodiment, the power tracking module can determine the power generation influencing parameters in the following manner:

[0101] First, the sub-control device in the power tracking module sends a data collection request to a preset first detection device and a second detection device; wherein the first detection device is a detection device for detecting the light intensity of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, and the second detection device is a detection device for detecting the temperature of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module;

[0102] Then, the sub-control device in the power tracking module receives the light intensity data returned by the first detection device and the temperature data returned by the second detection device respectively.

[0103] In this implementation, the power tracking module may also determine the power generation influencing parameters in the following manner:

[0104] First, the sub-control device in the power tracking module sends a request to the main controller to obtain the material property data and geometric dimension data; wherein the request carries the identity of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module.

[0105] Then, the sub-control device in the power tracking module receives the material property data and geometric dimension data corresponding to the identity mark returned by the main controller.

[0106] In some embodiments, the power tracking module can also derive power generation influencing parameters from historical operating data and prediction models. Specifically, the power tracking module can predict the current power generation influencing parameters by analyzing the relationship between the historical output power, voltage, current, light intensity and temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module. The prediction model can be a machine learning model. For example, a regression model (e.g., linear regression, random forest, neural network, etc.) can be trained using historical data to predict power generation influencing parameters. The prediction model can also be a physical model. For example, it can be a mathematical model established based on the physical properties of photovoltaic materials (bandgap energy, temperature coefficient) for calculating power generation influencing parameters.

[0107] In some embodiments, the power tracking module can also infer the power generation influencing parameters from its own operating state. Specifically, the power tracking module can indirectly infer the power generation influencing parameters by detecting the operating state of its own conversion device. For example, the sub-control device of the power tracking module calculates the power generation influencing parameters of the current photovoltaic power generation module by monitoring the duty cycle, input voltage and output voltage of the conversion device.

[0108] Step S16: Based on the power generation influencing parameters, predict the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module.

[0109] In this embodiment, the prediction action may be represented by the sub-control device in the power tracking module predicting the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module based on the power generation influencing parameters.

[0110] In this embodiment, the sub-control device in the power tracking module can predict the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module based on the power generation influencing parameters in the following manner, specifically:

[0111] First, the sub-control device in the power tracking module predicts the maximum current data and the maximum voltage data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module according to the light intensity data and the temperature data;

[0112] Then, the sub-control device in the power tracking module calculates the generated power data based on the maximum current data and the maximum voltage data.

[0113] In this embodiment, the sub-control device in the power tracking module can predict the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module based on the power generation influencing parameters in the following manner, specifically:

[0114] The sub-control device in the power tracking module inputs the light intensity data, temperature data, material property data and geometric dimension data into a preset power generation prediction model for prediction to obtain the power generation data.

[0115] In some embodiments, the sub-control device in the power tracking module may also predict the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module based on the power generation influencing parameters in the following manner, specifically:

[0116] First, the sub-control device in the power tracking module generates the IV curve (current-voltage characteristic curve) and PV curve (power-voltage characteristic curve) of the photovoltaic power generation module based on the light intensity data, temperature data, material property data and geometric dimension data, and in combination with the photovoltaic cell characteristic equation.

[0117] Then, the sub-control device in the power tracking module determines the maximum power point (MPP, Maximum Power Point) in the curve, that is, the predicted power generation power, based on the IV curve and the PV curve.

[0118] Step S18: Send the generated power data to the main controller.

[0119] This embodiment realizes accurate prediction of the power generation capacity of each photovoltaic power generation module through the control method of the power tracking module. After receiving the instructions sent by the main controller, the power tracking module can independently collect and determine the power generation influencing parameters (such as light intensity, temperature, material properties, etc.) of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, and accurately predict the power generation data of the photovoltaic power generation module based on these parameters. Subsequently, the predicted power generation data is sent to the main controller, and the main controller dynamically allocates the target output power of each module according to the summarized power data to meet the real-time needs of the power grid. Through this method, the problem of inappropriate power demand allocation in the related technology is effectively solved, and the efficient utilization of photovoltaic power generation resources is achieved, while the stability of system operation and the adaptability of the power grid are improved.

[0120] In some embodiments, the power generation influencing parameters include at least light intensity data and temperature data corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation module; the step of determining the power generation influencing parameters includes:

[0121] Step S142: Sending a data collection request to a preset first detection device and a second detection device; wherein the first detection device is a detection device for detecting the light intensity of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, and the second detection device is a detection device for detecting the temperature of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module.

[0122] In this embodiment, the first detection device may be a light sensor for directly detecting the light intensity received by the photovoltaic power generation module, for example, a silicon photocell sensor or a photodiode sensor.

[0123] In this embodiment, the first detection device may be a radiometer.

[0124] In this embodiment, the second detection device may be a temperature sensor, for example, a thermocouple, a thermistor or a platinum resistor.

[0125] In this embodiment, the first detection device and the second detection device can be arranged near the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, so that the light intensity data and temperature data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module can be accurately collected. It is understandable that in the photovoltaic power generation system, the first detection device and the second detection device can be arranged near each photovoltaic power generation module. It is understandable that in this embodiment, the first detection device and the second detection device can be arranged near the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module respectively to accurately collect the light intensity data and temperature data of the module. Since the photovoltaic power generation system is often large in scale and includes multiple photovoltaic power generation modules, and each photovoltaic power generation module has different conditions such as position, angle, shielding, and environment, its light intensity data and temperature data usually have significant differences. Therefore, the first detection device and the second detection device are separately arranged near each photovoltaic power generation module, so as to realize independent monitoring of the environmental conditions of each module, thereby ensuring that the collected data accurately reflects the actual operating status of a single photovoltaic module. This distributed detection device deployment method can effectively deal with the differences in power generation capacity caused by different conditions in different modules in the photovoltaic power generation system, provide high-precision data support for the subsequent power generation prediction and regulation of the power tracking module, and improve the overall operating efficiency of the system and the accuracy of power allocation.

[0126] Step S144: receiving the light intensity data returned by the first detection device and the temperature data returned by the second detection device respectively.

[0127] This embodiment realizes accurate acquisition of parameters affecting power generation by setting a first detection device and a second detection device to detect the light intensity and temperature data of the photovoltaic power generation module respectively. The power tracking module can dynamically and in real time grasp the changes in environmental conditions of the photovoltaic power generation module by sending a data collection request to the detection device and receiving the returned data. This method avoids the delay and inaccuracy of parameter collection, ensures the high-precision acquisition of parameters affecting power generation, and provides reliable data support for subsequent power generation prediction. In this way, the problem of inaccurate input parameters in the power generation prediction process in the related technology is effectively solved, and the overall operating efficiency and power regulation capability of the photovoltaic power generation system are improved.

[0128] In some embodiments, the step of predicting the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module based on the power generation influencing parameter includes:

[0129] Step S162: predicting the maximum current data and the maximum voltage data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module according to the light intensity data and the temperature data.

[0130] In this embodiment, the sub-control device in the power tracking module can predict the maximum current data and the maximum voltage data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module respectively by the following formula:

[0131]

[0132] U m =U m_ref (1-cΔt)ln(e+bΔs)

[0133] In the above formula, I m is the maximum current data calculated by the formula, U m It is the maximum voltage data calculated by the formula; s ref is the reference solar intensity, Δs=ss ref is the difference between the actual light intensity and the reference light intensity, Δt = tt ref is the difference between the actual battery temperature and the reference battery temperature; e is the base of the natural logarithm, and the compensation coefficients a, b, and c are constants obtained by fitting a large amount of experimental data; I m_ref and U m_ref are the reference current and voltage values.

[0134] Step S164: Calculate the power generation data based on the maximum current data and the maximum voltage data.

[0135] In this embodiment, the sub-control device in the power tracking module can use I m Multiply by U m Get the power generation data P m .

[0136] This embodiment uses light intensity data and temperature data to predict the maximum current data and maximum voltage data of the photovoltaic power generation module, and further calculates the power generation data based on these two key data. This method decomposes the prediction process of power generation into simple and clear calculation steps, making full use of the physical correlation between the current and voltage of the photovoltaic module and the environmental conditions (light intensity and temperature), ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the prediction results. Through this method, the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation module under specific environmental conditions can be more accurately reflected, providing more accurate basic data for subsequent power regulation. At the same time, this step-by-step calculation method can reduce the complexity of the system and facilitate implementation in the power tracking module.

[0137] In some embodiments, the power generation influencing parameters further include material property data and geometric dimension data corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation module; the step of determining the power generation influencing parameters further includes:

[0138] Step S146: sending a request to the main controller to obtain the material property data and geometric dimension data; wherein the request carries the identity of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module.

[0139] In this embodiment, the material property data may include photoelectric conversion efficiency, material band gap, temperature coefficient, attenuation coefficient and surface transmittance.

[0140] In this embodiment, the geometric dimension data may include effective power generation area, total module area, number of photovoltaic cells, etc.

[0141] In this embodiment, the main controller may be provided with a power generation influencing parameter database, in which the material property data and geometric dimension data of each photovoltaic power generation module and the identity of the photovoltaic power generation module may be pre-stored.

[0142] It is understandable that each photovoltaic power generation module has a unique identifier (serial number, QR code, or MAC address) for accurate retrieval and mapping of data in the database.

[0143] Step S148: receiving the material property data and geometric dimension data returned by the main controller.

[0144] This embodiment introduces the material property data and geometric dimension data of the photovoltaic power generation module into the power generation influencing parameters, and dynamically obtains these data through the main controller, so that the power tracking module can comprehensively consider the inherent characteristics of the photovoltaic power generation module (material conversion efficiency, attenuation coefficient, module area), thereby more accurately predicting its power generation. This method achieves accurate matching of the characteristic data of each photovoltaic module through module identity identification, and solves the problem of prediction error caused by differences in module characteristics. In addition, by interacting with the main controller to obtain these static characteristic data, not only does it reduce the power tracking module's dependence on local storage, but it also improves the flexibility and scalability of the system, especially in the case of module updates or characteristic adjustments, it can quickly adapt and update data to maintain prediction accuracy and system operation efficiency.

[0145] In some embodiments, the step of predicting the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module based on the power generation influencing parameter includes:

[0146] The light intensity data, temperature data, material property data and geometric dimension data are input into a preset power generation prediction model for prediction to obtain the power generation data.

[0147] In this embodiment, the preset power generation prediction model may be a mathematical model based on physical characteristics, such as a photovoltaic cell physical model, for example, a current-voltage (IV) characteristic equation of a photovoltaic cell, and the power generation is calculated in combination with the input power generation influencing parameters.

[0148] In this embodiment, the preset power generation prediction model may be a multivariate regression model based on empirical data, for example, a linear regression model, which may represent the power generation as a linear combination of input parameters (light intensity, temperature, material properties and geometric dimensions).

[0149] In this embodiment, the preset power generation prediction model may also be a prediction model based on machine learning, for example, a support vector machine (SVM) regression model or a random forest regression model.

[0150] In this embodiment, the preset power generation prediction model may also be a prediction model based on deep learning.

[0151] This embodiment accurately predicts the power generation data of the module by inputting the light intensity data, temperature data, material property data and geometric dimension data of the photovoltaic power generation module into a preset power generation prediction model for calculation. This method combines the environmental conditions (light intensity and temperature) of the photovoltaic power generation module with its inherent characteristics (material properties and geometric dimensions), utilizes the efficient computing power of the prediction model, and fully considers the multi-dimensional factors that affect the power generation. In this way, not only the accuracy of the power generation prediction is improved, but also it can adapt to the complex actual operating environment and the performance differences between modules, thereby providing more accurate data support for power regulation and significantly improving the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0152] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0153] Step S110: receiving a second instruction sent by the main controller; wherein the second instruction carries a corresponding target power allocation value, and the second instruction is used to control the power tracking module to adjust its own output power to approach the target power allocation value.

[0154] In this implementation, the receiving action may be represented by the sub-control device of the power tracking module receiving the second instruction from the main controller.

[0155] In this embodiment, the target power allocation value can be represented as a specific output power target allocated by the main controller to the power tracking module. The target power allocation value is dynamically calculated based on the current power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation module (predicted by the power generation influencing parameters) and the real-time power demand of the power grid.

[0156] Step S112: In response to the second instruction, calculating the deviation between the current output power data and the target power allocation value.

[0157] In this implementation, the sub-control device of the power tracking module may first determine the current output power data, and then perform a difference calculation based on the current output power data and the target power allocation value to obtain the deviation.

[0158] Step S114: Based on the deviation, generate a corresponding control signal to adjust the output power of the power tracking module.

[0159] In this embodiment, a new duty cycle value (new control signal) can be generated by using a proportional integral (PI) control or a proportional integral differential (PID) control algorithm according to the deviation ΔP. The adjusted duty cycle acts on the switch tube through the PWM driver chip to change the voltage and current, and finally realize the adjustment of power output.

[0160] In a specific embodiment, the above method may include:

[0161] The sub-control device first measures the current output voltage V in real time through the conversion device of the power tracking module. out , and the output current I out .

[0162] The sub-control device can calculate the current output power data P by the following formula: current :

[0163] P current =V out ×I out

[0164] The sub-control device can current and the target power allocation value P target Difference, calculate the power deviation ΔP:

[0165] ΔP=P target -P current

[0166] The sub-control device can generate a control signal based on the calculated power deviation:

[0167] When ΔP>0 (when the current output power is less than the target power allocation value), it indicates that the power output needs to be increased. The sub-control device generates a control signal to adjust the duty cycle D or operating frequency of the conversion device (for example, the Boost booster) to increase the input current and output voltage to improve the power output.

[0168] When ΔP<0 (when the current output power is greater than the target power allocation value), it indicates that the power output needs to be reduced. The sub-control device generates a signal instruction to adjust the duty cycle D or operating frequency of the conversion device to reduce the input current and output voltage to reduce the power output.

[0169] The sub-control device can adjust the duty cycle of the conversion device through pulse width modulation (PWM) to control the output power.

[0170] Specifically, the sub-control device can generate a new duty cycle value by using a proportional integral (PI) control or a proportional integral differential (PID) control algorithm according to the deviation ΔP. The adjusted duty cycle acts on the switch tube through the PWM driver chip to change the voltage and current, and finally realize the adjustment of power output.

[0171] The sub-control device can also adjust the output power by changing the switching frequency of the conversion device.

[0172] This embodiment introduces a target power allocation value and a deviation correction mechanism to ensure that the output power of the power tracking module can be dynamically adjusted to accurately approach the target power demand allocated by the main controller. By receiving the second instruction sent by the main controller, the power tracking module can calculate the deviation between the current output power and the target value in real time, and generate a control signal based on the deviation to dynamically adjust its own output power. This closed-loop regulation method can significantly improve the accuracy and response speed of power allocation, and effectively solves the problem that power output is difficult to match grid demand in traditional technologies. At the same time, this design enhances the flexibility and stability of the photovoltaic power generation system, allowing the photovoltaic power generation system to always maintain efficient operation under changing environmental conditions and provide more reliable power support for the power grid.

[0173] This embodiment provides a control method for a photovoltaic power generation system, the method is applied to a main controller in the photovoltaic power generation system, the main controller is communicatively connected to a plurality of power tracking modules, the power tracking modules are correspondingly connected to photovoltaic power generation modules, the method includes:

[0174] Step S22: Receive power demand data.

[0175] In this implementation, the receiving action may be represented by the main controller receiving power demand data from the grid side.

[0176] In this implementation, the power demand data may be a specific power value required by the grid side.

[0177] Specifically, the power demand data may be the total power that the grid side currently needs to obtain from the photovoltaic power generation system, and the unit may be watt (W) or kilowatt (kW).

[0178] Step S24: Send a first instruction to each of the plurality of power tracking modules; wherein the first instruction is an instruction for indicating predicted power generation data.

[0179] In this implementation, the sending action may be represented by the main controller sending the first instruction to each of the plurality of power tracking modules communicatively connected thereto.

[0180] Step S26: receiving the power generation data sent by the multiple power tracking modules; wherein the power generation value is obtained by the power tracking module first determining the power generation influencing parameters of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, and then predicting based on the power generation influencing parameters.

[0181] Step S28: Allocate the power demand data based on the generated power data sent by the multiple power tracking modules and the power demand data.

[0182] In this embodiment, the main controller may allocate the power demand data based on the power generation data and the power demand data sent by the multiple power tracking modules by the following method, specifically:

[0183] First, the main controller can sum the predicted power generation of all power tracking modules to calculate the current total power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system:

[0184]

[0185] In the formula, n is the number of power tracking modules, P i is the predicted generated power of the ith power tracking module.

[0186] Then, the main controller determines whether the generated power meets the power demand.

[0187] Specifically, the main controller calculates the current total power generated P total The power demand data P provided by the grid side demand for comparison.

[0188] If, P total ≥P demand , indicating that the current power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system can meet or exceed the power grid demand and can be accurately allocated.

[0189] If, P total <P demand , indicating that the current generated power is insufficient to meet demand and can be selectively allocated based on priority.

[0190] Next, in P total ≥P demand In this case, the main controller can accurately calculate the target power allocation value.

[0191] Specifically, the main controller can be configured to generate power according to the power generation capacity (i.e., Pi ), calculate its target power allocation value P target,i :

[0192]

[0193] This formula can allocate the target power according to the ratio of the predicted power generation capacity of each power tracking module to the total power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system, ensuring the rationality and efficiency of the allocation.

[0194] Finally, the main controller may generate a second instruction including the target power allocation value for each power tracking module, and then send the second instruction to each power tracking module to instruct the power tracking module to adjust its output power to approach the target power allocation value.

[0195] This implementation method realizes the accurate response of the photovoltaic power generation system to the power demand of the power grid through the coordinated control of the main controller. The main controller first receives the power demand data on the grid side to clarify the total power that needs to be obtained from the photovoltaic power generation system at present; then sends a first instruction to each power tracking module, requiring it to predict the power generation power of its corresponding photovoltaic power generation module. After each power tracking module predicts the power generation power based on the power generation influencing parameters, it returns the result to the main controller. The main controller integrates the power generation power data of all modules and the power demand data of the power grid to dynamically perform power allocation. In this way, the problem of the photovoltaic power generation system's inaccurate response to the power grid demand in traditional technologies can be effectively solved. This method significantly improves the power regulation capability of the photovoltaic power generation system, enabling the system to maximize the use of photovoltaic power generation resources while meeting the power demand of the power grid, further improving the power generation efficiency and the operating stability of the system, and providing more reliable power support for the power grid.

[0196] In some embodiments, the step of allocating the power demand data based on the generated power data and the power demand data sent by the multiple power tracking modules includes:

[0197] Step S282: Calculate the current total power generation data of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the power generation data sent by the multiple power tracking modules.

[0198] Step S284: determining whether the total power generation data is greater than or equal to the power demand data;

[0199] Step S286: when the total power data is greater than or equal to the power demand data, based on the power data sent by the multiple power tracking modules and the power demand data, calculating the target power allocation values ​​corresponding to the multiple power tracking modules;

[0200] Step S288: Send a second instruction to the multiple power tracking modules; wherein the second instruction carries a corresponding target power allocation value, and the second instruction is used to control the power tracking module to adjust its own output power to approach the target power allocation value.

[0201] This implementation method ensures that the photovoltaic power generation system can quickly respond to the actual needs of the power grid by dynamically calculating the current total power generation data of the photovoltaic power generation system and comparing it with the power demand data of the power grid. When the total power generation power of the photovoltaic power generation system is greater than or equal to the power grid demand, the main controller accurately calculates the target power allocation value of each module based on the power generation data of each power tracking module, and sends it to each power tracking module through a second instruction to guide it to adjust the output power to match the target value. This distributed power regulation mechanism effectively balances the output load of each power tracking module in the photovoltaic power generation system and realizes the optimal allocation of system power. This method can significantly improve the response speed and allocation accuracy of the photovoltaic power generation system, not only meeting the real-time needs of the power grid, but also avoiding power waste, further improving the utilization efficiency of photovoltaic power generation resources and the adaptability of the power grid, while ensuring the stability and reliability of the system operation.

[0202] In a specific embodiment, a power tracking module and a corresponding photovoltaic power generation system are provided. Figure 6 As shown in Figure 2, the photovoltaic power generation system is Figure 7 shown.

[0203] Specifically, the boost circuit inside the power tracking module mainly includes a main control for processing the collected data, and a PWM driver chip for driving the switch tube. The communication module is mainly used for communication between devices and between devices and external inverters. The input end of the tracking module is connected to the photovoltaic module, and the output end is connected to the bus or inverter.

[0204] The positive and negative poles of the input end of the power tracking module are connected to the photovoltaic module, and the output end is connected in series, and finally connected to the positive and negative poles of the output end of the converter. The positive and negative poles of the converter become the busbar, and its voltage value is a fixed floating range, which generally does not exceed 5%. The input end of the converter is connected to the power grid. The whole system can communicate with each other in real time.

[0205] The power grid issues dispatching power demand P grid , its value needs to meet a certain range, which is mainly determined by the power that the photovoltaic module can provide;

[0206] Convert AC power into DC power P through the converter DC ;

[0207] The power tracking module collects the light intensity s and the component temperature t through the formula:

[0208]

[0209] U m =U m_ref (1-cΔt)ln(e+bΔs)

[0210] Estimate I m and U m The value of s ref is the reference solar intensity, Δs=ss ref is the difference between the actual light intensity and the reference light intensity, Δt = tt ref is the difference between the actual battery temperature and the reference battery temperature; e is the base of the natural logarithm, and the compensation coefficients a, b, and c are constants obtained by fitting a large amount of experimental data; I m_ref and U m_ref are the reference current and voltage values.

[0211] Calculate the power and n is the number of photovoltaic modules.

[0212] Will With P DC For comparison, When Y is executed, otherwise N is executed to return to the power grid and reset P grid The value of .

[0213] Through the boost circuit formula Because U out It fluctuates within a certain range, so the duty cycle D is adjusted by driving the chip pwm wave.

[0214] Output P dc1 =U out ×I m

[0215] Similarly, the control output of other photovoltaic modules is P dcn , n is the number of photovoltaic modules.

[0216] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer executes the method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0217] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a computer program product including instructions is also provided. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer executes a method in any one of the above embodiments.

[0218] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0219] Optionally, the specific examples in this embodiment may refer to the examples described in the above embodiments, and this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0220] The serial numbers of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application are for description only and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0221] In the above embodiments of the present application, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0222] The above is only a preferred implementation of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A power tracking module, characterized in that: The power tracking module is applied to a photovoltaic power generation system, which includes a plurality of photovoltaic power generation modules and a main controller. Each photovoltaic power generation module is connected to a corresponding power tracking module and is connected to a busbar through the power tracking module. The power tracking module includes: A conversion device, one end of which is connected to the photovoltaic power generation module and the other end of which is connected to a bus bar, and is used to perform a voltage boost process on the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation module; A sub-control device is communicatively connected with the conversion device and the main controller, and is at least used for receiving a first instruction sent by the main controller, wherein the first instruction is an instruction for indicating predicted power generation data; then, in response to the first instruction, determining power generation influencing parameters of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, wherein the power generation influencing parameters are parameters that indicate the effects on the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module; then, based on the power generation influencing parameters, predicting the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, and finally sending the power generation data to the main controller.

2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that The power tracking module further includes: A communication module has one end connected to the conversion device and the main controller, and the other end connected to the sub-control device.

3. A photovoltaic power generation system, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power generation system includes multiple photovoltaic power generation modules and a main controller, the photovoltaic power generation modules are correspondingly connected to the power tracking modules and are connected to the bus through the power tracking modules; wherein the power tracking module is the power tracking module as described in claim 1 or claim 2.

4. A control method for a power tracking module, characterized in that: The method is applied to a power tracking module in a photovoltaic power generation system, wherein the photovoltaic power generation system includes a plurality of photovoltaic power generation modules, each of which is connected to a power tracking module. The method includes: receiving a first instruction sent by a main controller; wherein the first instruction is an instruction for indicating predicted power generation data; In response to the first instruction, determining a power generation influencing parameter; wherein the power generation influencing parameter is a parameter that indicates an influence on the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module; Based on the power generation influencing parameters, predict the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module; The generated power data is sent to a main controller.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The power generation influencing parameters at least include light intensity data and temperature data corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation module; the step of determining the power generation influencing parameters includes: Sending a data collection request to a preset first detection device and a second detection device; wherein the first detection device is a detection device for detecting the light intensity of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, and the second detection device is a detection device for detecting the temperature of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module; The light intensity data returned by the first detection device and the temperature data returned by the second detection device are received respectively.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The step of predicting the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module based on the power generation influencing parameter includes: According to the light intensity data and the temperature data, predict the maximum current data and the maximum voltage data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module; The generated power data is calculated based on the maximum current data and the maximum voltage data.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The power generation influencing parameters also include material property data and geometric dimension data corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation module; the step of determining the power generation influencing parameters also includes: Sending a request to the main controller to obtain the material property data and geometric dimension data; wherein the request carries the identity of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module; Receive the material property data and geometric dimension data returned by the main controller.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The step of predicting the power generation data of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module based on the power generation influencing parameter includes: The light intensity data, temperature data, material property data and geometric dimension data are input into a preset power generation prediction model for prediction to obtain the power generation data.

9. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The method further comprises: Receive a second instruction sent by the main controller; wherein the second instruction carries a corresponding target power allocation value, and the second instruction is used to control the power tracking module to adjust its own output power to approach the target power allocation value; In response to the second instruction, calculating a deviation between current output power data and a target power allocation value; Based on the deviation, a corresponding control signal is generated to adjust the output power of the power tracking module.

10. A control method for a photovoltaic power generation system, characterized in that: The method is applied to a main controller in a photovoltaic power generation system, the main controller is communicatively connected to a plurality of power tracking modules, the power tracking modules are correspondingly connected to photovoltaic power generation modules, and the method comprises: receiving power demand data; Sending a first instruction to each of the plurality of power tracking modules; wherein the first instruction is an instruction for instructing to predict the generated power data; Receiving the power generation data sent by the multiple power tracking modules; wherein the power generation value is obtained by the power tracking module first determining the power generation influencing parameters of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation module, and then predicting based on the power generation influencing parameters; The power demand data is allocated based on the generated power data sent by the plurality of power tracking modules and the power demand data.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The step of allocating the power demand data based on the generated power data and the power demand data sent by the multiple power tracking modules comprises: Calculating the current total power generation data of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the power generation data sent by the multiple power tracking modules; Determining whether the total generated power data is greater than or equal to the power demand data; When the total power generation data is greater than or equal to the power demand data, based on the power generation data sent by the multiple power tracking modules and the power demand data, calculating the target power allocation values ​​corresponding to the multiple power tracking modules; Sending a second instruction to the multiple power tracking modules; wherein the second instruction carries a corresponding target power allocation value, and the second instruction is used to control the power tracking module to adjust its own output power to approach the target power allocation value.

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