A self-weight measuring type fertilizer application mechanism and a fertilizer application device

Abstract

The application relates to a self-weight measuring type fertilizer applying mechanism and a fertilizer applying device, which comprises a frame body, a material box fixed on the frame body, a conveying driving element arranged on the top of the material box, an output shaft of the conveying driving element connected with the top end of a spiral conveying shaft in a circumferential direction, a fertilizer height detecting element arranged on the spiral conveying shaft, a spiral stirring shaft rotatingly connected with a bearing seat at the bottom end after penetrating through the bottom of the material box, the bearing seat being arranged on the frame body through a pressure detecting element, the bottom end of the spiral conveying shaft extending into a fertilizer discharging cover fixed on the bottom of the material box, a fertilizer discharging wheel connected with a fertilizer discharging driving element arranged on the open end of the bottom end of the fertilizer discharging cover, and a fertilizer scattering wheel connected with a fertilizer scattering driving element arranged below the fertilizer discharging wheel. The fertilizer applying mechanism can realize accurate control of variable rate fertilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to a fertilizer application mechanism and device with self-measuring application weight. Background Technology

[0002] The statements herein provide only background information in relation to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] The excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture today increases agricultural production costs and causes agricultural non-point source pollution, affecting not only the quality of agricultural products but also threatening the safety of the agricultural ecological environment. Therefore, variable-rate fertilization technology, as a key technique for reducing fertilizer application and improving its effective utilization, has become a major research direction in the industry. However, since the main indicator of fertilizer application is still based on weight, and fertilizer particles vary in size and weight, traditional fertilizer application machinery detection methods, which rely on measuring the number or volume of fertilizer particles, struggle to accurately detect different fertilizer application amounts, leading to inaccurate fertilizer measurement. This problem is particularly pronounced in fertilizer spreading machinery. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a self-measuring fertilizer application mechanism and device that enables precise variable-rate fertilizer application control.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a fertilizer application mechanism with self-measuring application weight, including a frame, a material box fixed on the frame, a conveying drive component on the top of the material box, an output shaft of the conveying drive component circumferentially connected to the top end of a spiral conveying shaft, a fertilizer height detection element on the spiral conveying shaft, a spiral stirring shaft passing through the bottom of the material box and its bottom end rotatably connected to a bearing seat, the bearing seat being mounted on the frame via a pressure detection element, the bottom end of the spiral conveying shaft extending into a fertilizer discharge hood fixed to the bottom of the material box, a fertilizer discharge wheel connected to the fertilizer discharge drive component being provided at the bottom opening of the fertilizer discharge hood, and a fertilizer spreading wheel connected to the fertilizer spreading drive component being provided below the fertilizer discharge wheel;

[0007] The fertilizer discharge wheel can discharge the fertilizer sent by the screw conveyor shaft to the fertilizer spreader wheel so that the fertilizer can be spread out by the spreader wheel.

[0008] Optionally, the fertilizer height detection element uses multiple capacitive sensors mounted on the screw conveyor shaft. The capacitive sensors are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the screw conveyor shaft. The signal lines of the multiple capacitive sensors cooperate with an electric slip ring fitted on the top of the screw conveyor shaft. The conveying drive is fixed on a support, and the support is fixed on the top of the material box.

[0009] Optionally, the conveying drive component is a conveying drive motor, which is fixed on a support, and the support is fixed on a support beam set on the top of the material box. The output shaft of the conveying drive motor is circumferentially connected to the top end of the screw conveyor shaft through a coupling.

[0010] Optionally, the screw conveyor shaft includes a rotating shaft, which is coaxially and circumferentially connected to the output shaft of the rotating drive so that the rotating shaft can rotate synchronously with the output shaft of the rotating drive while moving along its own axis. The rotating shaft is provided with helical blades.

[0011] Optionally, both sides of the bearing housing are provided with fertilizer discharge wheels located at the bottom opening of the fertilizer discharge hood, and the fertilizer discharge wheels on both sides are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of the screw conveyor shaft.

[0012] Optionally, the fertilizer spreading drive uses a gearbox, with the fertilizer spreading wheels below the fertilizer discharge wheels on both sides connected to the gearbox fixed to the frame so that the fertilizer spreading wheels on both sides rotate synchronously in opposite directions. The gearbox is used to connect to the power system of the traveling equipment.

[0013] Optionally, the fertilizer discharge wheel includes a wheel body, which is connected to a fertilizer discharge drive component fixed to the fertilizer discharge hood. The wheel body has multiple baffles spaced at equal intervals on its surface to form multiple fertilizer receiving slots.

[0014] Optionally, the top of the bearing housing is provided with a guide shroud for guiding fertilizer into the fertilizer receiving trough of the fertilizer discharge wheel.

[0015] Optionally, the pressure detection element is a pressure sensor disposed between the bearing housing and the frame.

[0016] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a fertilization device, including the self-measuring fertilization mechanism for application weight described in the first aspect, the frame of which is connected to a walking device.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. The fertilization mechanism of the present invention has a screw conveyor shaft whose top is circumferentially connected to the output shaft of the conveying drive component. As the conveying drive component rotates, the screw conveyor shaft can generate movement along its own axis. The bearing seat at the bottom of the screw conveyor shaft is connected to a pressure detection element. The screw conveyor shaft is also equipped with a fertilizer height detection element. When the fertilization mechanism is in a static state, after fertilizer is added to the hopper, the fertilizer height detection element can detect the fertilizer height within the conveying range of the screw conveyor shaft. At the same time, the pressure detection element can detect the weight of the fertilizer within the conveying range of the screw conveyor shaft, thereby obtaining the fertilizer density. Since the volume of fertilizer output by the screw conveyor shaft after rotating at a set angle is constant, the fertilizer application amount can be controlled by controlling the rotation speed of the screw conveyor shaft, thus achieving precise variable fertilizer application control.

[0019] 2. The fertilization mechanism of the present invention is equipped with a fertilizer discharge wheel, which feeds fertilizer into the fertilizer spreading wheel. The fertilizer discharge wheel plays a role in buffering the fertilizer application. Since the baffles of the fertilizer discharge wheel are evenly distributed, the volume of multiple fertilizer receiving tanks is the same, thus avoiding uneven instantaneous fertilizer application during spiral application. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the bottom of the spiral conveyor shaft in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] The components are as follows: 1. Frame, 2. Material box, 3. Bearing seat, 4. Fertilizer discharge wheel, 5. Fertilizer discharge hood, 6. Fertilizer spreading wheel, 7. Gearbox, 8. Support beam, 9. Support, 10. Conveyor drive motor, 11. Coupling, 12. Rotating shaft, 13. Spiral blade, 14. Capacitive sensor, 15. Electric slip ring, 16. Control system, 17. Pressure sensor, 18. Fertilizer discharge drive motor, 19. Flow guide. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Example 1

[0025] This embodiment provides a fertilizer application mechanism that automatically measures the application weight, such as... Figures 1-2 As shown, the device includes a frame 1, on which a material bin 2 is fixed. The material bin 2 is used to hold fertilizer to be applied. A rotating drive is provided at the top of the material bin 2. The output shaft of the rotating drive is circumferentially connected to the top end of a screw conveyor shaft. The screw conveyor shaft can rotate synchronously with the output shaft of the rotating drive while also moving linearly along its own axis. A discharge port is provided at the bottom of the material bin 2. The screw conveyor shaft extends through the discharge port to the bottom of the material bin. The bottom end of the screw conveyor shaft is rotatably connected to a bearing seat 3. The bearing seat 3 is mounted on the frame 1, and a pressure detection element is provided between the bearing seat 3 and the frame 1.

[0026] The bearing seat 3 is provided with fertilizer discharge wheels 4 on both sides. The fertilizer discharge wheels 4 are located inside the open bottom of the fertilizer discharge cover 5. The top of the fertilizer discharge cover 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the material box 2.

[0027] The fertilizer discharge wheels 4 on both sides are connected to the fertilizer discharge drive unit fixed on the fertilizer discharge cover 5. The fertilizer discharge drive unit can drive the fertilizer discharge wheels 4 to rotate, and the rotation directions of the fertilizer discharge wheels 4 on both sides are opposite.

[0028] Below the fertilizer discharge wheel 4 is a fertilizer spreading wheel 6, which is connected to a fertilizer spreading drive unit installed on the frame 1. In this embodiment, the fertilizer spreading drive unit is a gearbox 7 installed on the frame. The two output shafts of the gearbox 7 are respectively connected to the fertilizer spreading wheels 6 on both sides, and are used to drive the fertilizer spreading wheels 6 on both sides to rotate synchronously in opposite directions.

[0029] The top of the feed hopper 1 is open, and the bottom has an inverted conical structure to facilitate fertilizer discharge. A support beam 8 is provided at the top opening of the feed hopper 1. The support beam 8 is fixedly connected to the top of the feed hopper 1. A support 9 is provided at the middle position of the support beam 8. A conveying drive component is provided on the support 9. In this embodiment, the conveying drive component is a conveying drive motor 10. The output shaft of the conveying drive motor 10 is coaxial with the feed hopper 2.

[0030] The conveying drive motor 10 is fixed on the support 9, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the coupling 11. The other end of the coupling 11 is circumferentially connected to the top end of the screw conveyor shaft by a key connection. The conveying drive motor 10 can drive the screw conveyor shaft to rotate through the coupling 11, and the screw conveyor shaft can move linearly along its own axis.

[0031] The spiral conveyor shaft includes a rotating shaft 12, the top end of which is circumferentially connected to a coupling 11, and the bottom end of which is rotatably connected to a bearing seat 3. A spiral blade 13 is provided on the rotating shaft 12, and the spiral blade 13 rotates with the rotating shaft 12 to convey fertilizer downwards.

[0032] The rotating shaft 12 is equipped with a fertilizer height detection element, which is used to detect the height of fertilizer within the conveying range of the screw conveyor shaft.

[0033] In this embodiment, the conveying range of the spiral conveyor shaft refers to the range of fertilizer that can be pushed downward by the spiral blades.

[0034] The fertilizer height detection element employs multiple capacitive sensors 14, which are mounted on the rotating shaft 12 and distributed at equal intervals along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 12.

[0035] The signal line of the capacitive sensor 14 is connected to the inner ring of the slip ring 15. The slip ring 15 is fitted on the top of the rotating shaft 12, and its inner ring is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 12. The outer ring of the slip ring 15 is provided with a retaining plate and a retaining groove. Correspondingly, the support 9 is provided with an ear plate that extends into the retaining groove, so that the outer ring of the slip ring 15 can only make linear motion in the axial direction and will not rotate. The outer ring of the slip ring 15 cooperates with the control cable, which is connected to the control system 16 for receiving the signal of the capacitive sensor 14 and supplying power to the capacitive sensor 14.

[0036] The bottom end of the rotating shaft 12 is rotatably connected to the bearing seat 3, and the bearing seat 3 is mounted on the frame 1 and a pressure detection element is provided between the bearing seat 3 and the frame 1.

[0037] In this embodiment, the pressure detection element is a pressure sensor 17 disposed between the bearing housing 3 and the frame 1.

[0038] Both the pressure sensor 17 and the capacitance sensor 14 are connected to the control system 16 installed on the side of the hopper via cables, and can transmit the collected signals to the control system.

[0039] The bottom of the material box 2 is provided with a discharge port, and the bottom end of the screw conveyor shaft extends to the bottom of the material box 2 through the discharge port. The size of the discharge port is matched with that of the screw conveyor shaft so that the fertilizer can be discharged from the discharge port under the action of the screw conveyor shaft.

[0040] The rotating shaft of the screw conveyor extends from the bottom of the material box 2 and is rotatably connected to the bearing seat 3. The bearing seat 3 is provided with fertilizer discharge wheels 4 on both sides. The fertilizer discharge wheels 4 are located at the bottom opening of the fertilizer discharge cover. The fertilizer discharge cover 5 is fixed to the bottom of the material box 2. The bottom opening of the fertilizer discharge cover 5 is provided. The fertilizer discharge wheels 4 on both sides of the bearing seat 3 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of the screw conveyor.

[0041] Both fertilizer discharge wheels 4 are connected to fertilizer discharge drive components, which are fertilizer discharge drive motors 18. The fertilizer discharge drive motors 18 are fixed on the fertilizer discharge cover 5, and their output shafts are connected to the fertilizer discharge wheels 4. The two fertilizer discharge wheels 4 can rotate in opposite directions under the drive of the fertilizer discharge drive motors 18, which is used to discharge the fertilizer fed into the fertilizer discharge cover 5 by the screw conveyor shaft.

[0042] The fertilizer discharge wheel 4 includes a wheel body, which is connected to the output shaft of the fertilizer discharge drive motor 18. Multiple baffles are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction on the wheel surface of the wheel body, and the baffles are set at a set acute angle to the radial direction of the wheel body. Fertilizer receiving grooves are formed between adjacent baffles. Since the baffles are evenly spaced, the multiple fertilizer receiving grooves have the same volume.

[0043] Correspondingly, the top two sides of the bearing housing are provided with guide shields 19 for guiding the falling fertilizer into the fertilizer receiving tank.

[0044] Below each of the two fertilizer discharge wheels is a fertilizer spreading wheel 6, and the two fertilizer spreading wheels 6 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of the screw conveyor shaft.

[0045] The fertilizer spreader 6 is used to receive the fertilizer discharged by the fertilizer discharger and then spread the fertilizer to achieve fertilization.

[0046] The fertilizer spreading wheel 6 can adopt the existing fertilizer spreading wheel structure, and its specific structure will not be described in detail here.

[0047] The fertilizer spreading wheel 6 is connected to the fertilizer spreading drive, which can drive the two fertilizer spreading wheels to rotate synchronously in opposite directions.

[0048] The fertilizer spreading drive uses a gearbox 7, which is fixedly connected to the frame 1. The two output shafts of the gearbox 7 are respectively connected to two fertilizer spreading wheels 6, and its input shaft is used to connect to the power system of the walking equipment.

[0049] The working method of the fertilization mechanism in this embodiment is as follows: fertilizer to be fertilized is placed in the material box 2, the screw conveyor shaft rotates under the drive of the conveyor drive motor 10, and the fertilizer is conveyed downward to the internal space of the fertilizer discharge hood 5 through the screw blades 13. The fertilizer discharge wheel 4 rotates under the drive of the fertilizer discharge drive motor 18. After the fertilizer enters the fertilizer receiving tank, it rotates with the fertilizer discharge wheel 4. When the fertilizer receiving tank rotates to face the fertilizer spreading wheel 6, the fertilizer falls into the fertilizer spreading wheel 6 under the action of gravity. The fertilizer spreading wheel 6 rotates and spreads the fertilizer out.

[0050] In this embodiment, fertilizer is fed into fertilizer spreading wheel 6 by fertilizer dispensing wheel 4. Fertilizer dispensing wheel 6 plays a role in buffering fertilizer dispensing. Since the volume of multiple fertilizer holding tanks is the same, uneven instantaneous fertilizer amount is avoided when the fertilizer is dispensing by spiral.

[0051] The conveying drive motor 10 and the fertilizer discharge drive motor 18 are both connected to the control system 16, and their operation is controlled by the control system 16.

[0052] In this embodiment, when the entire fertilization mechanism is in a static state, and fertilizer is added to the hopper 2, the height of the fertilizer within the conveying range of the screw conveyor shaft can be detected by the capacitive sensor 14. The fertilizer presses on the screw blades 13, which increases the pressure of the screw conveyor shaft and bearing seat 3 on the pressure sensor 17. Thus, the weight of the fertilizer within the conveying range of the screw conveyor shaft can be obtained. Since the volume of fertilizer conveyed by the screw conveyor shaft is fixed after rotating a certain angle, the density of the fertilizer can be obtained, that is, the weight of fertilizer that can be delivered after the screw conveyor shaft rotates one revolution. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer delivered can be adjusted by the rotation speed of the screw conveyor shaft.

[0053] By adjusting the rotation speed of the conveyor drive motor based on the fertilizer application requirements pre-input into the control system, and combined with the operating speed obtained from the walking equipment, precise variable fertilization can be achieved.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] This embodiment provides a fertilization device, including the self-measuring fertilization mechanism for application weight as described in Embodiment 1. The self-measuring fertilization mechanism for application weight is connected to a walking device. In this embodiment, the walking mechanism is a tractor. The frame 1 is mounted on the three-point suspension of the tractor. The input shaft of the gearbox 7 is connected to the power system of the tractor through a spline connection. The power supply system of the tractor is connected to the control system on the side of the hopper to supply power to the control system, the fertilizer discharge drive motor and the conveying drive motor.

[0056] The tractor's structure can be achieved using existing technology, and its specific structure will not be described in detail here.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A fertilizer application mechanism with self-measuring application weight, characterized in that, The device includes a frame, on which a material box is fixed. A conveying drive is located on the top of the material box. The output shaft of the conveying drive is circumferentially connected to the top end of a screw conveyor shaft. The screw conveyor shaft is equipped with a fertilizer height detection element. After the screw mixing shaft passes through the bottom of the material box, its bottom end is rotatably connected to a bearing seat. The bearing seat is installed on the frame through a pressure detection element. The bottom end of the screw conveyor shaft extends into a fertilizer discharge hood fixed to the bottom of the material box. A fertilizer discharge wheel connected to the fertilizer discharge drive is located at the bottom opening of the fertilizer discharge hood. Below the fertilizer discharge wheel is a fertilizer spreading wheel connected to the fertilizer spreading drive. The fertilizer discharge wheel can discharge the fertilizer sent out by the screw conveyor shaft to the fertilizer spreader wheel so that the fertilizer can be spread out by the fertilizer spreader wheel; The fertilizer height detection element uses multiple capacitive sensors mounted on the screw conveyor shaft, with the capacitive sensors evenly distributed along the axial direction of the screw conveyor shaft; the pressure detection element uses a pressure sensor mounted between the bearing seat and the frame. When the entire fertilization mechanism is in a static state, and fertilizer is added to the hopper, the height of the fertilizer within the conveying range of the screw conveyor shaft can be detected by the capacitive sensor. The fertilizer presses on the screw blades, which increases the pressure on the screw conveyor shaft and bearing seat against the pressure sensor. This allows us to obtain the weight of the fertilizer within the conveying range of the screw conveyor shaft. Since the volume of fertilizer conveyed by the screw conveyor shaft is fixed after rotating a certain angle, we can obtain the density of the fertilizer, that is, the weight of fertilizer that can be delivered after the screw conveyor shaft rotates one revolution. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer delivered can be adjusted by the rotation speed of the screw conveyor shaft.

2. The fertilizer application mechanism with self-measuring application weight as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal lines of multiple capacitive sensors are engaged with an electric slip ring fitted on the top of the screw conveyor shaft. The conveying drive is fixed on the support, and the support is fixed on the top of the hopper.

3. The fertilizer application mechanism with self-measuring application weight as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying drive component is a conveying drive motor, which is fixed on a support. The support is fixed on a support beam set on the top of the material box. The output shaft of the conveying drive motor is circumferentially connected to the top end of the screw conveyor shaft through a coupling.

4. The fertilizer application mechanism with self-measuring application weight as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The screw conveyor shaft includes a rotating shaft, which is coaxially and circumferentially connected to the output shaft of the rotating drive component so that the rotating shaft can rotate synchronously with the output shaft of the rotating drive component, while the rotating shaft can move along its own axis. The rotating shaft is provided with helical blades.

5. The fertilizer application mechanism with self-measuring weight as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both sides of the bearing housing are equipped with fertilizer discharge wheels located at the bottom opening of the fertilizer discharge hood, and the fertilizer discharge wheels on both sides are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of the screw conveyor shaft.

6. The self-measuring fertilizer application mechanism as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The fertilizer spreading drive uses a gearbox. The fertilizer spreading wheels under the fertilizer discharge wheels on both sides are connected to the gearbox fixed to the frame so that the fertilizer spreading wheels on both sides rotate synchronously in opposite directions. The gearbox is used to connect to the power system of the walking equipment.

7. The self-measuring fertilizer application mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer discharge wheel includes a wheel body, which is connected to a fertilizer discharge drive component fixed to the fertilizer discharge hood. The wheel body has multiple baffles at equal intervals on its surface to form multiple fertilizer receiving slots.

8. The self-measuring fertilizer application mechanism as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The top of the bearing housing is equipped with a guide shroud for guiding fertilizer into the fertilizer receiving trough of the fertilizer discharge wheel.

9. A fertilizer application device, characterized in that, The application weight self-measuring fertilizer applicator as described in any one of claims 1-8 has its frame connected to a walking device.

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