Nutrient supply and demand balance-based winter rape special fertilizer preparation and fertilization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fertilizer preparation and fertilization method for winter rape based on nutrient supply and demand balance, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining N, P and K nutrient absorption amounts of the overground part of rape, and calculating and determining the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients; (2) according to the initial proportion of the N, P and K nutrients provided by the rape growth period fertilizer in the step (1), obtaining a corrected fertilizer N, P and K nutrient proportion; and (3) determining the optimal proportions of N fertilizer basal application, seedling stage topdressing and bud and bolting stage topdressing of the rapes by combining the corrected N, P and K nutrient proportions of the fertilizers obtained in the step (2), and performing basal application on the P fertilizer and the K fertilizer to obtain the special compound fertilizer for the winter rapes. According to the fertilizing method, the weight is reduced by 20-25%, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the yield of the oilseed rape is averagely increased by 5.5%-12.6%, the oil content and yield of the oilseed rape are improved, and the content of substances such as erucic acid and glucosinolate and the soil bulk density are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular relates to a fertilizer formulating and fertilizing method for winter rapeseed based on nutrient supply and demand balance. Background Art

[0002] Rapeseed production in my country's main winter rapeseed producing areas is unevenly developed, and the average yield is low, which leads to farmers' extensive fertilization, insufficient fertilization, excessive fertilization, or partial fertilization. Insufficient nitrogen fertilizer application cannot meet the needs of rapeseed growth; excessive fertilization leads to a decrease in fertilizer utilization and rapeseed quality, and also causes a series of environmental problems. Therefore, a scientific, accurate, and widely applicable recommended fertilization method and a simple and efficient fertilization technology are necessary measures for production in rapeseed producing areas.

[0003] In the patent document with publication number CN109220133A (a method for optimizing fertilization of winter rapeseed), only the yield response and agronomic efficiency are used to determine the recommended dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and no preparation and fertilization technology of rapeseed fertilizers are involved. Although the patent document with publication number CN113141836A (a method for regionalized tomato-specific fertilizer preparation and application based on the QUEFTS model) mentions the preparation of special fertilizers, it does not conduct relevant research on fertilization technology from the perspective of soil fertilization and prevention of pests and diseases and combining agricultural machinery and agronomy. At present, when straw is returned to the field, there are a large number of pests such as the Chilo suppressalis in the rice stubble, which affects the root growth of rapeseed seedlings. The existing technology cannot take into account the goals of improving quality and yield and improving soil fertility.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a rapeseed-specific fertilizer that can improve the quality and yield of rapeseed and at the same time improve soil fertility is a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a fertilizer formulating and fertilizing method for winter rapeseed based on nutrient supply and demand balance.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for preparing winter rapeseed fertilizer based on nutrient supply and demand balance comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) The experimental data of rapeseed fertilizer efficiency were collected and the nutrient absorption of the aboveground part of rapeseed at different yields was fitted to obtain the aboveground nutrient absorption of rapeseed. The relative yield of N, P and K nutrients required by rapeseed was 25. th , median and 75 th The corresponding relative yield value RY determines the basic fertilization capacity of the soil, and then the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients is calculated and determined based on the principle of balanced fertilization between supply and demand;

[0009] (2) according to the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients provided by the fertilizer during the growth period of rapeseed obtained in step (1), adjusting the N, P and K nutrient ratio during the growth period of rapeseed according to the fertilizer utilization rate in the season and the fertilization measures, to obtain the revised N, P and K nutrient ratio of the fertilizer;

[0010] (3) Based on the modified fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio obtained in step (2), and according to the principle of simple and efficient rapeseed cultivation, and combined with the results of field nitrogen fertilizer management experiments, the optimal ratio of rapeseed N basal fertilizer, topdressing at the seedling stage and topdressing at the bud stage is determined, and P fertilizer and K fertilizer are all basal fertilizers to obtain winter rapeseed special fertilizer compound fertilizer.

[0011] Preferably, the aboveground part of rapeseed absorbs N, P and K nutrients as follows: when the average rapeseed yield per hectare is 2.7 to 3.0 t, the aboveground part of rapeseed absorbs N, P and K nutrients as follows: 117.5 to 130.5 kg, 29.7 to 33.0 kg and 120.4 to 133.8 kg respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the calculation formula of the supply-demand balance fertilization principle described in step (1) is:

[0013] The amount of fertilizer required (F) = aboveground nutrient absorption * (1-RY).

[0014] The relative yields of N fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer are expressed by RYN, RYP and RYK respectively.

[0015] The amount of fertilizer required for N fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer is represented by FN, FP and FK respectively.

[0016] More preferably, the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients is as shown in Table 1:

[0017] Table 1

[0018]

[0019] Preferably, the step (2) of adjusting the nutrient ratio of N, P and K during the growth period of rapeseed comprises the following steps:

[0020] The utilization rates of N, P and K nutrients in this season are: N: 25%-35%, P: 15%-25%, K: 30%-40%. The basic N, P and K nutrient supplies of fertilizers are adjusted according to the utilization rates of 35%, 15% and 35% in this season respectively to correct the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients in fertilizers and obtain the corrected N, P and K nutrient ratio of fertilizers.

[0021] The calculation process of the modified fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio is shown in Table 2 below:

[0022] Table 2

[0023]

[0024] Preferably, the principle of simple and efficient rapeseed planting in step (3) is: reducing labor input costs and optimizing the planting process, and simplifying the number of fertilization times.

[0025] Preferably, the optimal ratio of basal application of N fertilizer, topdressing at the seedling stage and topdressing at the bud stage in step (3) is 6:2:2.

[0026] The amount of N fertilizer applied as base fertilizer is 60% of the total nutrients.

[0027] Preferably, in step (3), under the condition of low fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of NPK in the winter rapeseed special fertilizer is 17-13-15 (i.e., the nutrient contents of N, P, and K are 17%, 13%, and 15%, respectively, the same below);

[0028] Under the condition of medium fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of NPK in the compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed is 19-12-14;

[0029] Under the condition of high fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of NPK in the winter rapeseed special fertilizer and compound fertilizer is 21-12-12.

[0030] The modified calculation process of N fertilizer is shown in Table 3:

[0031] Table 3

[0032]

[0033] Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0034] (4) Add organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer according to rapeseed yield, and adjust the ratio of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to winter rapeseed special fertilizer and compound fertilizer;

[0035] Preferably, the N element ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to the winter rapeseed special fertilizer and compound fertilizer is (2-3): (7-8).

[0036] More preferably, under the condition of low fertility of cultivated land, the ratio of N element of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to the compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed is 2:8;

[0037] Under medium fertility conditions of cultivated land, the N element ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to the winter rapeseed special fertilizer compound fertilizer is 2.5:7.5;

[0038] Under conditions of high fertility of cultivated land, the N element ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to the winter rapeseed special fertilizer and compound fertilizer is 3:7.

[0039] More preferably, the nitrogen content of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is 2%.

[0040] More preferably, the ratio of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to winter rapeseed special fertilizer and compound fertilizer is as shown in Table 4:

[0041] Table 4

[0042]

[0043] A special fertilizer for winter rapeseed prepared by the fertilizer mixing method comprises compound fertilizer and organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer.

[0044] Preferably, the compound fertilizer includes N fertilizer, P fertilizer, K fertilizer, nitrification inhibitor and trace elements;

[0045] Wherein, the N fertilizer includes urea; the P fertilizer includes monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate; the K fertilizer includes potassium sulfate or potassium chloride; and the trace elements include zinc sulfate and / or borax.

[0046] The organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer comprises a nitrogen source, a carbon source, an active substance and an insecticide;

[0047] The nitrogen source includes one or more livestock and poultry manure such as soybean meal and chicken manure; the carbon source includes one or more rice husk powder, wheat bran, straw, mushroom residue, etc.; the active substance includes 2-3wt% of fulvic acid (the mass proportion of fulvic acid in organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer), and also includes one or more yeast metabolites, citric acid, aspartic acid, etc.; the insect repellent is an agent for preventing and controlling rice borers, including one or more of chlorantraniliprole or avermectin.

[0048] The rapeseed in the present invention is planted in the field after rice is harvested. The rice cannot be burned after harvest. There are a large number of pests and diseases in the rice stubble. Therefore, some pesticides are used to prevent and control the damage of the striped stem borer to the root system of the rapeseed in the seedling stage.

[0049] A method for applying winter rapeseed special fertilizer, comprising applying base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer;

[0050] The basal fertilizer application comprises the following steps: fully mixing the compound fertilizer and the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer, and applying the fertilizer after trenching, with the depth of the fertilizer application being 5 to 7 cm;

[0051] The topdressing comprises the following steps: the nutrients required for topdressing are obtained by subtracting the nutrients of the base fertilizer from the total nutrients required for rapeseed, and then converted into a humic acid urea dosage of 5.2 kg / mu in the seedling stage and a humic acid urea dosage of 5.2 kg / mu in the bud stage, and the humic acid urea is spread twice.

[0052] Preferably, the dosage of pure nitrogen per mu in rapeseed fertilizer efficiency tests conducted at multiple locations over many years is 12 kg / mu, the total nutrient content of the designed fertilizer is 45%, and the nitrogen content of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is 2%.

[0053] According to the nutrient ratio of FN*0.8:FP:FK under low fertility conditions obtained in step (4), the nutrient content (%) of the special fertilizer NPK is calculated to be 17-13-15, the amount of special fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*0.8 / 0.17=34kg / mu, and the amount of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*(1-0.8) / 0.02=72kg / mu;

[0054] Under medium fertility conditions, the nutrient content (%) of special fertilizer NPK is 19-12-14, the amount of special fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*0.75 / 0.19=28kg / mu, and the amount of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*(1-0.75) / 0.02=90kg / mu;

[0055] Under high fertility conditions, the nutrient content of special fertilizer NPK is 21-12-12. The amount of special fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*0.7 / 0.21=24kg / mu, and the amount of organic nitrogen alternative fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*(1-0.7) / 0.02=108kg / mu.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0057] The present invention customizes rapeseed fertilizer method based on a large number of fertilizer efficiency tests, using yield response and agronomic efficiency, and determines the optimal fertilizer application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which is consistent with the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the rapeseed growth cycle. The fertilization method of the present invention can effectively improve soil quality, increase soil organic matter, and reduce soil bulk density. The fertilization method of the present invention reduces fat by 20% to 25%, and improves the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. The rapeseed yield increases by an average of 5.5% to 12.6%, increases the oil content and yield of rapeseed, and reduces the content of substances such as erucic acid and glucosinolates. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0059] Figure 1 The photographs are of the rapeseed growth conditions of the rapeseed planting methods in Example 1(b) of the present invention and Comparative Example 1(a). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0062] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials in the examples of the present invention were purchased from commercial sources.

[0063] The definitions or explanations of professional terms involved in the present invention are as follows:

[0064] Agronomic efficiency: the increase in rapeseed grain yield per unit of nitrogen / phosphorus / potassium fertilizer applied. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is expressed by AE / N, AE / P and AE / K, respectively.

[0065] QUEFTS model: Based on a large amount of rapeseed fertilizer efficiency test data, the linear-parabola-platform function model is used to fit the relationship between rapeseed yield and aboveground nutrient absorption.

[0066] Relative yield: the ratio of rapeseed yield in fertilizer deficiency treatment to that in fertilization treatment.

[0067] Soil basic fertility level: defined as the soil's ability to supply a certain nutrient when no nutrient is applied but other nutrients are adequately supplied.

[0068] The principles of simple and efficient rapeseed cultivation are: reducing labor input costs, optimizing the planting process, and simplifying the number of fertilization times.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] A method for preparing winter rapeseed fertilizer based on nutrient supply and demand balance comprises the following steps:

[0071] (1) The experimental data of rapeseed fertilizer efficiency were statistically analyzed, and the nutrient absorption of the aboveground part of rapeseed at different yields was fitted to obtain the aboveground nutrient absorption of rapeseed. The aboveground nutrient absorption of rapeseed was as follows: when the average rapeseed yield was 2.7-3.0 t per hectare, the aboveground nutrient absorption of rapeseed was 117.5-130.5 kg, 29.7-33.0 kg and 120.4-133.8 kg, respectively.

[0072] (2) Based on the relative yield of N, P and K nutrients required by rapeseed th , median and 75th The corresponding relative yield value RY determines the basic fertilizer supply capacity level of the soil, which is divided into three levels: low, medium and high. Then, based on the principle of supply and demand balanced fertilization, the calculation formula is: the amount of fertilizer required (F) = aboveground nutrient absorption * (1-RY), and the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients is calculated and determined; among them, the relative yields of N fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer are represented by RYN, RYP and RYK respectively, and the amount of fertilizer required for N fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer is represented by FN, FP and FK respectively.

[0073] The initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients is shown in Table 1:

[0074] Table 1

[0075]

[0076] (3) according to the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients provided by the fertilizer during the growth period of rapeseed obtained in step (2), adjusting the N, P and K nutrient ratio during the growth period of rapeseed according to the fertilizer utilization rate in the season and the fertilization measures, and obtaining the revised N, P and K nutrient ratio of the fertilizer, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0077] The utilization rates of N, P and K nutrients in this season are: N: 25%-35%, P: 15%-25%, K: 30%-40%. The basic N, P and K nutrient supplies of fertilizers are adjusted according to the utilization rates of 35%, 15% and 35% in this season respectively to correct the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients in fertilizers and obtain the corrected N, P and K nutrient ratio of fertilizers.

[0078] The calculation process of the modified fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio is shown in Table 2 below:

[0079] Table 2

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] (4) Based on the modified fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio obtained in step (3), and according to the principle of simple and efficient rapeseed planting, and combined with the results of field nitrogen fertilizer management experiments, the optimal ratio of rapeseed N basal fertilizer, topdressing at the seedling stage and topdressing at the bud stage is determined to be 6:2:2, and the fertilization amount of N basal fertilizer is 60% of the total nutrients. P fertilizer and K fertilizer are all basal fertilizers to obtain winter rapeseed special fertilizer compound fertilizer.

[0083] The modified calculation process of N fertilizer is shown in Table 3:

[0084] Table 3

[0085]

[0086] More specifically, under low fertility conditions of cultivated land, the nutrient content of NPK in compound fertilizers for winter rapeseed is 17-13-15;

[0087] Under medium fertility conditions of cultivated land, the nutrient content of NPK in compound fertilizers for winter rapeseed is 19-12-14;

[0088] Under high fertility conditions of cultivated land, the nutrient content of NPK in the compound fertilizer special for winter rapeseed is 21-12-12.

[0089] (5) According to the rapeseed yield, add organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and adjust the addition ratio of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to winter rapeseed special fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen content of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is 2%:

[0090] The addition ratio of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and winter rapeseed special fertilizer compound fertilizer is shown in Table 4:

[0091] Table 4

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] That is, under the condition of low fertility of cultivated land, the ratio of N element addition of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed is 2:8;

[0095] Under medium fertility conditions of cultivated land, the ratio of N element addition of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and winter rapeseed special fertilizer compound fertilizer is 2.5:7.5;

[0096] Under high fertility conditions of cultivated land, the ratio of N element addition in organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and winter rapeseed special fertilizer and compound fertilizer is 3:7.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] A special fertilizer for planting rapeseed on low-fertility cultivated land and a fertilization method, comprising the following steps:

[0099] The amount of pure nitrogen per mu is 12kg / mu, and the designed total nutrient content of the fertilizer is 45%. Among them, the nutrient content (%) of the compound fertilizer NPK is 17-13-15, the amount of pure nitrogen fertilizer is 12*0.6*0.8 / 0.17 (nitrogen content) = 34kg / mu, and the amount of organic nitrogen alternative fertilizer is 12*0.6*(1-0.8) / 0.02 (organic nitrogen content 2%) = 72kg / mu.

[0100] Among them, 34kg of compound fertilizer includes the following raw materials:

[0101] 8.8 kg urea, 9.6 kg diammonium phosphate, 10.2 kg potassium sulfate, 0.1 kg nitrification inhibitor (1,9-decanediol) additive, 0.9 kg borax, 0.8 kg zinc sulfate, and 3.6 kg bentonite were mixed and granulated using a high tower process to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0102] In the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer, the nitrogen source is chicken manure, and the carbon source is wheat bran and straw. Chicken manure, wheat bran and straw are mixed in a fresh weight ratio of 3:1, the initial moisture content is adjusted to 50%, the C / N is controlled to 25, and the own fermentation bacteria are added to compost into organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. Then the active substances fulvic acid and yeast metabolites are added, accounting for 2-3wt%. The agent for preventing and controlling rice borers is chlorfenapyr or avermectin, which is measured according to the instructions of the agent and evenly mixed in the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. Using disc granulation, the product is a granular organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. The total nutrients N+P+K of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer are greater than 4%, and the nitrogen content is greater than or equal to 2%.

[0103] The method of using the above-mentioned special fertilizer for rapeseed planting comprises the following steps:

[0104] (1) Steps for applying basal fertilizer: fully mix the granulated compound fertilizer and organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer, and use a multifunctional rapeseed precision direct seeding machine to complete the operations of furrowing, fertilizing, sowing, and pressing in an integrated manner. The fertilization depth is 5 to 7 cm.

[0105] (2) Topdressing steps: The nutrients required by rapeseed are subtracted from the nutrients in the base fertilizer to obtain the nutrients for topdressing; then the nutrients are converted into 5.2 kg / mu of humic acid urea at the seedling stage and 5.2 kg / mu of humic acid urea at the bud stage, and the humic acid urea is spread by drone.

[0106] Example 3

[0107] A special fertilizer for planting rapeseed on medium-fertility cultivated land and a fertilization method, comprising the following steps:

[0108] The amount of pure nitrogen per mu is 12kg / mu, and the designed total nutrient content of the fertilizer is 45%. Among them, the nutrient content (%) of the compound fertilizer NPK is 19-12-14, the amount of pure nitrogen fertilizer is 12*0.6*0.75 / 0.19 (nitrogen content) = 28kg / mu, and the amount of organic nitrogen alternative fertilizer is 12*0.6*(1-0.75) / 0.02 (organic nitrogen content 2%) = 90kg / mu.

[0109] Among them, 28kg of compound fertilizer includes the following raw materials:

[0110] 8.7 kg urea, 7.3 kg diammonium phosphate, 7.9 kg potassium sulfate, 0.1 kg nitrification inhibitor (1,9-decanediol) additive, 0.7 kg borax, 0.6 kg zinc sulfate, and 2.8 kg bentonite were mixed and granulated using a high tower process to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0111] In the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer, the nitrogen source is chicken manure, and the carbon source is wheat bran and straw. Chicken manure, wheat bran and straw are mixed in a fresh weight ratio of 3:1, the initial moisture content is adjusted to 50%, the C / N is controlled to 25, and the own fermentation bacteria are added to compost into organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. Then the active substances humic acid and aspartic acid are added, accounting for 2-3wt%. The agent for preventing and controlling rice borers is chlorfenapyr or avermectin, which is measured according to the instructions and evenly mixed in the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. Using disc granulation, the product is a granular organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. The total nutrients N+P+K of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer are greater than 4%, and the nitrogen content is greater than or equal to 2%.

[0112] The method of using the above-mentioned special fertilizer for rapeseed planting comprises the following steps:

[0113] (1) Steps for applying basal fertilizer: fully mix the granulated compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and use a multifunctional rapeseed precision direct seeding machine to complete the operations of furrowing, fertilizing, sowing, and pressing in an integrated manner. The fertilization depth is 5 to 7 cm.

[0114] (2) Topdressing steps: subtract the nutrients in the base fertilizer from the total nutrients required by rapeseed to obtain the nutrients for topdressing; then convert the amount of humic acid urea used in the seedling stage to 5.2 kg / mu, and the amount of humic acid urea used in the bud stage to 5.2 kg / mu, and use a drone to spread the humic acid urea.

[0115] Example 4

[0116] A special fertilizer for growing rapeseed on high-fertility cultivated land and a fertilization method, comprising the following steps:

[0117] The amount of pure nitrogen per mu is 12kg / mu, and the designed total nutrient content of the fertilizer is 45%. Among them, the nutrient content (%) of the compound fertilizer NPK is 21-12-12, the amount of pure nitrogen fertilizer is 12*0.6*0.7 / 0.21 (nitrogen content) = 24kg / mu, and the amount of organic nitrogen alternative fertilizer is 12*0.6*(1-0.7) / 0.02 (organic nitrogen content 2%) = 108kg / mu.

[0118] Among them, compound fertilizer includes the following raw materials:

[0119] 8.5 kg urea, 6.3 kg diammonium phosphate, 5.8 kg potassium sulfate, 0.1 kg nitrification inhibitor (1,9-decanediol) additive, 0.5 kg borax, 0.4 kg zinc sulfate, and 2.5 kg bentonite as other materials were mixed and granulated using a high tower process to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0120] In the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer, the nitrogen source is chicken manure, and the carbon source is wheat bran and straw. Chicken manure, wheat bran and straw are mixed in a fresh weight ratio of 3:1, the initial moisture content is adjusted to 50%, the C / N is controlled to 25, and the own fermentation bacteria are added to compost into organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. Then the active substances fulvic acid and citric acid are added, accounting for 2-3wt%. The agent for preventing and controlling rice borers is chlorfenapyr or avermectin, which is measured according to the instructions and evenly mixed in the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. Using disc granulation, the product is a granular organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. The total nutrients N+P+K of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer are greater than 4%, and the nitrogen content is greater than or equal to 2%.

[0121] The method of using the above-mentioned special fertilizer for rapeseed planting comprises the following steps:

[0122] (1) Steps for applying basal fertilizer: fully mix the granulated compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and use a multifunctional rapeseed precision direct seeding machine to complete the operations of furrowing, fertilizing, sowing, and pressing in an integrated manner. The fertilization depth is 5 to 7 cm.

[0123] (2) Topdressing steps: The nutrients required by rapeseed are subtracted from the nutrients in the base fertilizer to obtain the nutrients for topdressing; then the nutrients are converted into 5.2 kg / mu of humic acid urea at the seedling stage and 5.2 kg / mu of humic acid urea at the bud stage, and the humic acid urea is spread by drone.

[0124] Comparative Example 1

[0125] A method for fertilizing rapeseed, which is different from Example 1 in that no special fertilizer is used but customary fertilization is used, wherein the base fertilizer for customary fertilization is compound fertilizer (45%, N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) with an application amount of 40kg / mu, and urea (46%) is topdressed at the seedling stage at 10.8kg / mu and at the bud stage at 8.8kg / mu.

[0126] Technical effect:

[0127] Figure 1 The photos of rapeseed growth conditions of the rapeseed planting methods in Example 1(b) of the present invention and Comparative Example 1(a) show that after the rapeseed is planted using the special fertilizer in Example 1, the rapeseed grows luxuriantly and has good growth.

[0128] The results of the field fertilization test of Huayouza No. 9 in Shayang County are shown in Table 5:

[0129] Table 5

[0130]

[0131]

[0132] It can be seen that the rapeseed quality and yield analysis is shown in (Table). Compared with the treatment in Comparative Example 1, the number of siliques per plant of rapeseed treated in Example 1 increased by 5.81%, the yield and oil content increased by 9.35% and 9.87% respectively, and the glucosinolates and erucic acid decreased by 5.93% and 2.39% respectively.

[0133] The changes in soil composition and bulk density are shown in Table 6:

[0134] Table 6

[0135] deal with Comparative Example 1 Example 1 N:P:K 15:6:6 12:4.5:5 Organic carbon (g / kg) 10.5 14.3 Alkaline nitrogen (mg / kg) 114.2 152.7 Available phosphorus (mg / kg) 11.8 15.7 Available potassium (mg / kg) 115.5 118.6 <![CDATA[Soil bulk density (g / cm 3 )]]> 1.34 1.18

[0136] As can be seen from Table 6, the soil fertility index analysis shows that organic carbon, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium increased by 36.19%, 33.71%, 33.05% and 2.68% respectively, and the soil bulk density decreased by 11.95%.

[0137] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing winter rapeseed fertilizer based on nutrient supply and demand balance, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) The experimental data of rapeseed fertilizer efficiency were collected and the nutrient absorption of the aboveground part of rapeseed at different yields was fitted to obtain the aboveground nutrient absorption of rapeseed. The relative yield of N, P and K nutrients required by rapeseed was 25. th , median and 75 th The corresponding relative yield value RY determines the basic fertilization capacity of the soil, and then the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients is calculated and determined based on the principle of balanced fertilization between supply and demand; (2) according to the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients provided by the fertilizer during the growth period of rapeseed obtained in step (1), adjusting the N, P and K nutrient ratio during the growth period of rapeseed according to the fertilizer utilization rate in the season and the fertilization measures, to obtain the revised N, P and K nutrient ratio of the fertilizer; (3) Based on the modified fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio obtained in step (2), and according to the principle of simple and efficient rapeseed cultivation, and combined with the results of field nitrogen fertilizer management experiments, the optimal ratio of rapeseed N basal fertilizer, topdressing at the seedling stage and topdressing at the bud stage is determined, and P fertilizer and K fertilizer are all basal fertilizers to obtain winter rapeseed special fertilizer compound fertilizer.

2. A method for preparing winter rapeseed fertilizer based on nutrient supply and demand balance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The N, P and K nutrient absorption amounts of the aboveground part of the rapeseed in step (1) are as follows: when the average rapeseed yield per hectare is 2.7 to 3.0 t, the N, P and K nutrient absorption amounts of the aboveground part of the rapeseed are 117.5 to 130.5 kg, 29.7 to 33.0 kg and 120.4 to 133.8 kg respectively.

3. A method for preparing winter rapeseed fertilizer based on nutrient supply and demand balance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the supply-demand balance fertilization principle described in step (1) is: The amount of fertilizer required = aboveground nutrient absorption * (1-RY).

4. A method for preparing winter rapeseed fertilizer based on nutrient supply and demand balance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The principle of simple and efficient rapeseed planting in step (3) is to reduce labor input costs, optimize the planting process, and simplify the number of fertilization times.

5. A method for preparing winter rapeseed fertilizer based on nutrient supply and demand balance according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), under the condition of low fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of NPK in the winter rapeseed special fertilizer and compound fertilizer is 17-13-15; Under the condition of medium fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of NPK in the compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed is 19-12-14; Under the condition of high fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of NPK in the winter rapeseed special fertilizer and compound fertilizer is 21-12-12.

6. A method for preparing winter rapeseed fertilizer based on nutrient supply and demand balance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: (4) Add organic nitrogen alternative fertilizer according to rapeseed yield, and adjust the addition ratio of organic nitrogen alternative fertilizer to winter rapeseed special fertilizer and compound fertilizer.

7. A method for preparing winter rapeseed fertilizer based on nutrient supply and demand balance according to claim 6, characterized in that: The N element ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and the winter rapeseed special fertilizer compound fertilizer is (2-3): (7-8).

8. The special fertilizer for winter rapeseed prepared by the fertilizer mixing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The method for applying winter rapeseed fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that: Including basal fertilizer and topdressing; The basal fertilizer application comprises the following steps: fully mixing the compound fertilizer and the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer, and applying the fertilizer after trenching, with the depth of the fertilizer application being 5 to 7 cm; The topdressing comprises the following steps: the nutrients required for topdressing are obtained by subtracting the nutrients of the base fertilizer from the total nutrients required for rapeseed, and the nutrients are converted into the amounts of humic acid urea respectively, and then the humic acid urea is spread.

10. The fertilization method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Under the condition of low fertility of cultivated land, the dosage of compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed is 34kg / mu, and the dosage of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is 72kg / mu; Under the condition of medium fertility of cultivated land, the dosage of compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed is 28kg / mu, and the dosage of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is 90kg / mu; Under the condition of high fertility of cultivated land, the dosage of compound fertilizer of the winter rapeseed special fertilizer is 24kg / mu, and the dosage of organic nitrogen alternative fertilizer is 108kg / mu.

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