Uncaria stem ganoderma lucidum culture medium and culture method

Abstract

The invention provides an uncaria stem ganoderma lucidum culture medium and a culture method, and belongs to the technical field of edible fungus culture. The uncaria stem ganoderma lucidum culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75-85% of uncaria stems, 14-22% of wheat bran, 0.5-2% of gypsum and 0.4-1.4% of glucose. The uncaria stem chips are taken from clustered main branches of uncaria plants 20-30 cm away from the ground, and the particle size of the uncaria stems is 4-8 mm. The uncaria stems are used as the ganoderma lucidum culture medium, the yield of ganoderma lucidum can be remarkably increased, and compared with broad-leaved tree sawdust culture, the ganoderma lucidum yield of the uncaria stems is 61% higher than that of the latter. The method for planting the ganoderma lucidum under the forest is adopted, the cultivation positions of the mushroom sticks are reasonably controlled, forest land resources are fully utilized, the comprehensive utilization rate of land is increased, the growing environment for planting the ganoderma lucidum is closer to the nature, and accumulation of effective components and quality improvement of the ganoderma lucidum are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation substrate and a cultivation method for Uncaria rhynchophylla stem ganoderma lucidum. Background Art

[0002] Ganoderma lucidum is the dried fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.ex Fr.) Karst. or Ganoderma sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang, a Polyporaceae fungus. It contains polysaccharides, nucleosides, furans, sterols, alkaloids, triterpenes, oils, various amino acids and proteins, enzymes, organic germanium and various trace elements. It has the effects of replenishing qi and calming the mind, relieving cough and relieving asthma. It is mainly used to treat restlessness, insomnia, palpitations, cough, asthma and sputum, asthenia and so on.

[0003] Traditionally, the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum is carried out using forest resources such as broadleaf tree logs and sawdust. As the demand for Ganoderma lucidum continues to increase, the cost of using logs or sawdust for cultivation is not only getting higher and higher, but it is also an excessive consumption of forest resources. In order to meet the market demand for Ganoderma lucidum, obtain Ganoderma lucidum products with high active ingredients and high yield, and take into account production costs and environmental impacts, finding a carrier that can replace trees and providing a new cultivation method have become technical problems that need to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation substrate and a cultivation method for Ganoderma lucidum using Uncaria rhynchophylla stems, so as to solve the problems of low Ganoderma lucidum yield, dependence of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation on broad-leaved tree resources and comprehensive utilization of Uncaria rhynchophylla plants.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a Uncaria rhynchophylla stem ganoderma culture medium, comprising the following components by mass fraction: Uncaria rhynchophylla stem 75-85%, wheat bran 14-22%, gypsum 0.5-2%, glucose 0.4-1.4%;

[0007] The Uncaria rhynchophylla stems are taken from the main branches of the Uncaria rhynchophylla plant 20 to 30 cm above the ground, and the particle size of the Uncaria rhynchophylla stems is 4 to 8 mm.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum by using the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of Uncaria rhynchophylla stems, comprising the following steps:

[0009] 1) mixing the Uncaria rhynchophylla stem and Ganoderma lucidum culture medium with water to obtain a bag material matrix;

[0010] 2) Put the bag material matrix into the inner bag and sterilize to obtain the bacterial stick;

[0011] 3) Inoculate the Ganoderma lucidum onto the bacterial stick and culture until buds appear;

[0012] 4) Make a cut along the direction of the long stick on the back of the inoculation point of the budding mushroom stick, and cultivate it under the forest with the cut facing downward.

[0013] Preferably, in step 1), the mass ratio of the Uncaria rhynchophylla stem Ganoderma lucidum culture medium to water is 1:0.8-1.5; the water content of the bag material matrix is ​​55%-60%, and the pH of the bag material matrix is ​​5.0-6.0.

[0014] Preferably, in step 2), the filling amount of the bag material matrix is ​​1.5-2.5 kg / bag, and the inner bag is a polypropylene bacteria bag;

[0015] The sterilization temperature is 120-130° C., and the sterilization time is 1-3 hours; and the sterilization is followed by cooling to below 70° C.

[0016] Preferably, in step 3), the inoculation time of the Ganoderma lucidum is from March to April or from June to July every year, and the inoculation amount of the Ganoderma lucidum is 40 to 80 g / rod; after the inoculation, the rod is covered with an outer bag, and when the diameter of the mycelium growth circle at the inoculation point is 6 to 10 cm, the outer bag is removed and the cultivation is continued.

[0017] Preferably, the method for selecting and treating the forest site in step 4) is as follows: selecting forest land with convenient transportation, near water source, loose soil, slope below 20 degrees, and canopy density of 0.6-0.8, removing the shrubs in the forest land before planting, loosening the soil to a depth of 10-20 cm, leveling the slope, and spreading quicklime for disinfection, wherein the amount of quicklime used is 400-500 g / m 2 .

[0018] Preferably, during the cultivation in step 4), cultivation beds are opened along the slope according to the terrain, and the width of the cultivation beds is 80 to 120 cm; drainage ditches are dug between the cultivation beds, and the drainage ditches also serve as walkways. The drainage ditches are longitudinally parallel to the cultivation beds, and the width of the drainage ditches is 35 to 45 cm, and the depth of the drainage ditches is 10 to 20 cm.

[0019] Preferably, in step 4), the column spacing of the budding mushroom sticks is 4 to 8 cm, and the row spacing of the budding mushroom sticks is 5 to 15 cm.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention adopts the stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla as the cultivation substrate of ganoderma lucidum, which can significantly increase the yield of ganoderma lucidum. Compared with the cultivation using broad-leaved tree chips, the former has a ganoderma yield 61% higher than the latter, which is of great significance to reducing forest resource consumption and protecting the ecological environment.

[0022] The present invention adopts under-forest planting of Ganoderma lucidum and reasonably controls the cultivation position of the mushroom sticks, which not only fully utilizes the forest resources without occupying a large amount of additional land, but also improves the comprehensive utilization rate of the land, and can make the growth environment of the planted Ganoderma lucidum closer to nature, which is beneficial to the accumulation of effective ingredients and quality improvement of Ganoderma lucidum. In addition, organic matter such as the matrix retained after the Ganoderma lucidum is harvested can improve the soil and enhance soil fertility, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the forest.

[0023] The present invention can significantly improve the economic benefits by cultivating ganoderma lucidum with the stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla. The density of the plant in the Uncaria rhynchophylla plantation is 300 plants / mu. The stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla are harvested once a year. According to the yield measurement, the fresh weight of stems per mu can be 2290 kg / mu, which is equivalent to 1140 kg / mu of dry weight. 1000 mushroom sticks can be made, and 74 kg of dry ganoderma lucidum can be produced. The dry ganoderma lucidum is calculated at 180 yuan / kg, and the output value is 13320 yuan / mu. It can be seen that cultivating ganoderma lucidum with the stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla can turn waste into treasure, which plays an important role in promoting the increase of income of forest farmers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the cut of the mushroom stick (where ① is the cut of the mushroom stick, and ② is the mushroom stick);

[0025] Figure 2 It is a cultivation plan (where ① is the cultivation bed, ② is the mushroom stick, ③ is the upper and lower distance of the mushroom stick, ④ is the inner end distance of the mushroom stick, ⑤ is the outer edge distance of the mushroom stick, and ⑥ is the drainage ditch or aisle). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The invention provides a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of Uncaria rhynchophylla stems, comprising the following components in mass fractions: 75-85% of Uncaria rhynchophylla stems, 14-22% of wheat bran, 0.5-2% of gypsum and 0.4-1.4% of glucose; the Uncaria rhynchophylla stems are taken from the main branches of the Uncaria rhynchophylla plant 20-30 cm above the ground, and the particle size of the Uncaria rhynchophylla stems is preferably 4-8 mm, and more preferably 5-7 mm; the dosage of the Uncaria rhynchophylla stems is preferably 78-82%; the dosage of the wheat bran is preferably 15-20%; the dosage of the gypsum is preferably 0.8-1.5%; and the dosage of the glucose is preferably 0.5-1.2%.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum by using the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of Uncaria rhynchophylla stems, comprising the following steps:

[0028] 1) mixing the Uncaria rhynchophylla stem and Ganoderma lucidum culture medium with water to obtain a bag material matrix;

[0029] 2) Put the bag material matrix into the inner bag and sterilize to obtain the bacterial stick;

[0030] 3) Inoculate the Ganoderma lucidum onto the bacterial stick and culture until buds appear;

[0031] 4) Make a cut along the direction of the long stick on the back of the inoculation point of the budding mushroom stick, and cultivate it under the forest with the cut facing downward.

[0032] In the present invention, the Uncaria rhynchophylla stem Ganoderma lucidum culture medium and water are mixed to obtain a bag material matrix. The mass ratio of the Uncaria rhynchophylla stem Ganoderma lucidum culture medium to water is preferably 1:0.8-1.5, more preferably 1:0.9-1.4; the water content of the bag material matrix is ​​preferably 55%-60%, more preferably 56%-59%; the pH of the bag material matrix is ​​preferably 5.0-6.0, more preferably 5.2-5.8.

[0033] In the present invention, the bag material matrix is ​​loaded into the inner bag and sterilized to obtain a mushroom stick. The filling amount of the bag material matrix is ​​preferably 1.5-2.5 kg / bag, and more preferably 1.8-2.2 kg / bag; the inner bag is preferably a polypropylene mushroom bag, and the polypropylene mushroom bag is preferably a single-end opening polypropylene mushroom bag with a width of 15 cm × a length of 55 cm and a thickness of 0.05 mm; the sterilization temperature is preferably 120-130°C, and more preferably 122-128°C; the sterilization time is preferably 1-3 hours, and more preferably 1.5-2.5 hours; the sterilization is cooled after cooling to below 70°C; the length of the mushroom stick is preferably 35-45 cm, and more preferably 38-42 cm; the width of the mushroom stick is preferably 5-15 cm, and more preferably 8-12 cm.

[0034] In the present invention, Ganoderma lucidum is inoculated onto a mushroom stick and cultured until buds appear; the inoculation time of the Ganoderma lucidum is preferably from March to April or from June to July each year, and the inoculation amount of the Ganoderma lucidum is preferably 40 to 80 g / stick, and more preferably 50 to 70 g / stick; the inoculation is preferably carried out in an indoor inoculation box, and after the inoculation, an outer bag is put on, and the outer bag is preferably a propylene outer bag, and the propylene outer bag is preferably a single-end open propylene outer bag with a width of 17 cm × a length of 58 cm and a thickness of 0.02 mm; when the diameter of the mycelium growth circle at the inoculation point is 6 to 10 cm, the outer bag is removed and the culture is continued; the diameter of the growth circle is preferably 7 to 9 cm.

[0035] In the present invention, a cut is made on the back of the inoculation point of the budding mushroom stick along the direction of the long stick, and the mushroom stick is cultivated under the forest with the cut facing downward. The size of the cut is preferably 2-6 cm × 30-40 cm, and more preferably 3-5 cm × 32-38 cm; the selection and treatment method of the under-forest site is preferably: select forest land with convenient transportation, near water source, loose soil, slope below 20 degrees, and canopy density of 0.6-0.8, and the canopy density is preferably 0.65-0.75; remove the shrubs in the forest before cultivation, and loosen the soil to a depth of 10-20 cm, and the depth of the loose soil is preferably 12-18 cm; level the slope surface, sprinkle quicklime for disinfection, and the amount of quicklime used is preferably 400-500 g / m 2, more preferably 420 to 480 g / m 2 During the cultivation, the cultivation beds are opened along the slope according to the terrain, and the width of the cultivation beds is preferably 80-120 cm, and more preferably 90-110 cm; drainage ditches are dug between the cultivation beds, and the drainage ditches also serve as walkways. The drainage ditches are longitudinally parallel to the cultivation beds, and the width of the drainage ditches is preferably 35-45 cm, and more preferably 38-42 cm; the depth of the drainage ditches is preferably 10-20 cm, and more preferably 12-18 cm; the column spacing of the budding mushroom sticks is preferably 4-8 cm, and more preferably 5-7 cm; the row spacing of the budding mushroom sticks is preferably 5-15 cm, and more preferably 8-12 cm.

[0036] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A Uncaria rhynchophylla stem and ganoderma lucidum culture medium is composed of the following components in mass fractions: 80% of Uncaria rhynchophylla stem, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of glucose.

[0039] The method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum by using the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of Uncaria rhynchophylla stems comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) Raw material preparation: After the medicinal parts of Uncaria rhynchophylla plants (lateral branches on the main branches) are harvested in autumn and winter, the remaining clustered main branches (non-medicinal parts) on the plants are cut or sawed off at 25 cm above the ground before germination in the following spring, collected and sun-dried. The stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla are kept ventilated and dry during storage to prevent mildew. In mid-April, the dried stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla are crushed mechanically (sieve aperture 6 mm). Wheat bran, gypsum and glucose are purchased from the market.

[0041] (2) Raw material preparation: Mix Uncaria rhynchophylla stem chips, wheat bran, gypsum and glucose in proportion, then mix Uncaria rhynchophylla stem Ganoderma lucidum culture medium and clean water in a weight ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain bag material matrix, and control the water content of the bag material matrix to be 58% and the pH to be 5.5.

[0042] (3) Preparation of mushroom sticks: Use polypropylene bags with specifications of 15 cm × 55 cm, thickness of 0.05 mm, single-end opening, and each bag contains 2 kg of matrix. Sterilize at 126 ° C for 2 h. When the bags cool to below 70 ° C, remove them from the pot and move them to the wooden racks in the cooling room that have been sterilized in advance to cool them in a tic-tac-toe pattern. After the mushroom sticks are completely cooled, they are inoculated with Ganoderma lucidum in an indoor inoculation box at an inoculation rate of 60 g / stick on May 21. After the inoculation is completed, they are covered with 17 cm × 58 cm, 0.02 mm thick, single-end opening polypropylene outer bags. Tie the openings, but do not tie them tightly, leaving a little air leakage. Then move them to the culture room shelves and place them in a tic-tac-toe pattern and culture them in a light-shielded and ventilated manner. After one week, turn the pile over to check the mycelium growth. When the mycelium at the inoculation point germinates and grows into a growth circle with a diameter of 8cm, remove the outer bag and continue to cultivate. Open doors and windows all day to increase ventilation. Pay attention to heat dissipation to prevent stick burning. Around June 20, buds will appear at the inoculation point and the cultivation can be transferred to woodland for mushroom production management.

[0043] (4) Selection and treatment of the cultivation site: Choose a forest land with convenient transportation, near water source, loose soil, slope below 20 degrees, and canopy density of 0.7. Before planting, remove the shrubs in the forest land, loosen the soil to a depth of 15 cm, level it according to the slope, and spread quicklime (450g / m3) 3 days in advance. 2 ) disinfection and standby. During cultivation, a 1-meter-wide cultivation bed is opened along the slope according to the terrain, and the length is not limited. A 40-cm-wide and 15-cm-deep ditch is dug between the cultivation beds as a drainage ditch and a walkway. The drainage ditch is parallel to the cultivation bed in the longitudinal direction. After the cultivation site is treated, mushroom stick cultivation can be carried out.

[0044] (5) Cultivation of mushroom sticks: On June 14, the results of the spawning were checked. None of the spawn sticks were infected with foreign bacteria and the spawning was uniform. On June 16, the spawn was moved under the forest and covered with soil using semi-detachable bags. The method was to cut a 4 cm × 35 cm hole in the middle of the bag film on the back of the inoculation point along the direction of the long stick (such as Figure 1 For a 1-meter-wide bed, place two sticks horizontally (stick length 40cm, width 10cm, inner end distance 6cm, outer end 7cm from the bed edge), and vertically place two rows according to the length of the bed, with 10cm spacing between the upper and lower sticks in the two rows (as shown). Figure 2 Fill the gaps with fine soil, leaving the inoculation point exposed, and sprinkle water to keep the soil moist.

[0045] (6) Management: Under-forest cultivation does not require the construction of a shade shed. Trees can be used to provide shade and moisture retention. Usually, the main management is the water factor (air humidity above 80% and moisture content of the mushroom stick matrix at 58%). When the weather is dry, use a water pipe and nozzle to spray to keep the soil moist. Do not spray on cloudy or rainy days. Spray less frequently on sunny and dry days, and spray 4 times a day. If it rains continuously, cover the film to avoid rain, and uncover it after the rain. Pay attention to observation during the mushroom emergence period, prepare some slightly toxic insecticides and use them strictly according to the national regulations on the safe use of edible fungi. For damage such as the fine-leaved moth and slug, highly effective chlorfenapyr or trichlorfon can be used for prevention and control, but the use of drugs must be strictly in accordance with the national standards for the safe production of edible fungi.

[0046] (7) Management and harvesting of mushrooms: When the mushrooms begin to eject spores around July 15, they are about to mature. Stop spraying water. After a few days, wait until the white growth ring on the edge of the cap disappears and the cap thickens before picking for the first time on July 21. It is generally best to pick on a sunny morning and dry them in time after picking. After the first batch of mushrooms is finished, stop spraying water. For the mushrooms that have lost a lot of water, add water appropriately to the water content before mushrooms are grown. Cultivate the mushrooms naturally. When the second batch of buds appear around August 5, continue spraying water to keep them moist. They begin to eject spores around August 10 and are picked for the second time on August 15. The third batch of buds appear around August 26, eject spores in early September, and are picked for the third time on September 10. The picking time is always on a sunny morning and lasts for about 70 days.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] The invention discloses an Uncaria rhynchophylla stem and ganoderma lucidum culture medium, which is composed of the following components in mass fractions: 75% of Uncaria rhynchophylla stem, 14% of wheat bran, 0.5% of gypsum and 0.4% of glucose.

[0049] The method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum by using the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of Uncaria rhynchophylla stems comprises the following steps:

[0050] (1) Raw material preparation: After the medicinal parts of Uncaria rhynchophylla plants (lateral branches on the main branches) are harvested in autumn and winter, the main branches (non-medicinal parts) retained on the plants in February are cut or sawed off 20 cm above the ground before germination in the following spring, and then collected and sun-dried. The stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla are kept ventilated and dry during storage to prevent mildew. In mid-April, the dried stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla are crushed mechanically (sieve aperture 4 mm) for later use. Wheat bran, gypsum and glucose are purchased from the market.

[0051] (2) Raw material preparation: Mix Uncaria rhynchophylla stem chips, wheat bran, gypsum and glucose in proportion, then mix Uncaria rhynchophylla stem Ganoderma lucidum culture medium and clean water in a weight ratio of 1:0.8 to obtain bag material matrix, and control the water content of the bag material matrix to be 55% and the pH to be 5.0.

[0052] (3) Preparation of mushroom sticks: Use polypropylene bags with specifications of 15 cm × 55 cm, thickness of 0.05 mm, single-end opening, and each bag contains 1.5 kg of matrix. Sterilize at 120℃ for 1 hour. When the bags cool to below 70℃, remove them from the pot and move them to the wooden racks in the cooling room that have been sterilized in advance to cool them in a tic-tac-toe pattern. After the mushroom sticks are completely cooled, they are inoculated with Ganoderma lucidum in an indoor inoculation box at an inoculation rate of 40 g / stick on May 21. After the inoculation is completed, they are covered with 17 cm × 58 cm, 0.02 mm thick, single-end opening polypropylene outer bags. Tie the openings, but do not tie them tightly, leaving a little air leakage. Then move them to the culture room shelves and place them in a tic-tac-toe pattern and culture them in a light-shielded and ventilated manner. After one week, turn the pile over to check the mycelium growth. When the mycelium at the inoculation point germinates and grows into a growth circle with a diameter of 6cm, remove the outer bag and continue to cultivate. Open doors and windows all day to increase ventilation. Pay attention to heat dissipation to prevent stick burning. Around June 20, buds will appear at the inoculation point and the cultivation can be transferred to the woodland for mushroom production management.

[0053] (4) Selection and treatment of the cultivation site: Choose a forest land with convenient transportation, near water source, loose soil, slope below 20 degrees, and canopy density of 0.6. Before planting, remove the shrubs in the forest land, loosen the soil to a depth of 10 cm, level it according to the slope, and spread quicklime (400g / m2) 2 days in advance. 2 ) and disinfected for use. During cultivation, a cultivation bed with a width of 80 cm is opened along the slope according to the terrain, and the length is not limited. A ditch with a width of 35 cm and a depth of 10 cm is dug between the cultivation beds as a drainage ditch and a walkway. The drainage ditch is parallel to the cultivation bed in the longitudinal direction. After the cultivation site is treated, the mushroom stick cultivation can be carried out.

[0054] (5) Cultivation with mushroom sticks. On June 14, the results of the spawning were checked. None of the spawn sticks were infected with other bacteria, and the spawning was uniform. On June 16, the spawn was moved under the forest and covered with soil using semi-peeled bags. The method was to cut a 2cm×30cm hole in the bag film on the back of the inoculation point along the direction of the long stick, and lay it flat with the cut facing down. Two sticks were placed horizontally on an 80cm wide bed (the sticks were 35cm long and 5cm wide, the inner ends of the two sticks were about 4cm apart, and the outer ends were 3cm away from the edge of the bed). Two rows were placed vertically according to the length of the bed, and the upper and lower sticks in the two rows were 5cm apart. The gaps were filled with fine soil to expose the inoculation point, and water was sprinkled to keep the soil moist.

[0055] (6) Management. There is no need to build a shade shed for understory cultivation. Trees can be used to provide shade and moisture retention. Usually, the main management is water factors (air humidity above 80% and moisture content of the mushroom matrix at 50%). When the weather is dry, use a water pipe and nozzle to spray to keep the soil moist. Do not spray on cloudy or rainy days. Spray less frequently on sunny and dry days, and spray three times a day. If it rains continuously, cover the film to avoid rain, and uncover it after the rain. Pay attention to observation during the mushroom emergence period, prepare some slightly toxic insecticides and use them strictly according to the national regulations on the safe use of edible fungi. For damage such as the fine-leaved moth and slug, highly effective chlorfenapyr or trichlorfon can be used for prevention and control, but the use of drugs must be strictly in accordance with the national standards for the safe production of edible fungi.

[0056] (7) Management and harvesting of mushrooms: When the mushrooms begin to eject spores around July 15, they are about to mature. Stop spraying water. After a few days, wait until the white growth ring on the edge of the cap disappears and the cap thickens before picking for the first time on July 21. It is generally best to pick on a sunny morning and dry them in time after picking. After the first batch of mushrooms is finished, stop spraying water. For the mushrooms that have lost a lot of water, add water appropriately to the water content before mushrooms are grown. Cultivate the mushrooms naturally. When the second batch of buds appear around August 5, continue spraying water to keep them moist. They begin to eject spores around August 10 and are picked for the second time on August 15. The third batch of buds appear around August 26, eject spores in early September, and are picked for the third time on September 10. The picking time is always on a sunny morning and lasts for about 70 days.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A Uncaria rhynchophylla stem and ganoderma lucidum culture medium is composed of the following components in mass fractions: 85% of Uncaria rhynchophylla stem, 22% of wheat bran, 2% of gypsum and 1.4% of glucose.

[0059] The method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum by using the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of Uncaria rhynchophylla stems comprises the following steps:

[0060] (1) Raw material preparation: After the medicinal parts of Uncaria rhynchophylla plants (lateral branches on the main branches) are harvested in autumn and winter, the main branches (non-medicinal parts) retained on the plants in February are cut or sawed off at 30 cm above the ground before germination in the following spring, and then collected and sun-dried. The stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla are kept ventilated and dry during storage to prevent mildew. In mid-April, the dried stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla are crushed mechanically (sieve aperture 8 mm) for later use. Wheat bran, gypsum and glucose are purchased from the market.

[0061] (2) Raw material preparation: Mix Uncaria rhynchophylla stem chips, wheat bran, gypsum and glucose in proportion, and then mix the Uncaria rhynchophylla stem Ganoderma lucidum culture medium and clean water in a weight ratio of 1:1.5 to form a bag material matrix, and control the water content of the bag material matrix to be 60% and the pH to be 6.0.

[0062] (3) Preparation of mushroom sticks: Use polypropylene bags with specifications of 15 cm × 55 cm, thickness of 0.05 mm, and single-end opening. Each bag contains 2.5 kg of matrix. Sterilize at 130℃ for 3 hours. When the bags cool to below 70℃, remove them from the pot and move them to the wooden racks in the cooling room that have been sterilized in advance to cool them in a tic-tac-toe pattern. After the mushroom sticks are completely cooled, they are inoculated with Ganoderma lucidum in an indoor inoculation box at an inoculation rate of 80 g / stick on May 21. After the inoculation is completed, they are covered with 17 cm × 58 cm, 0.02 mm thick, single-end opening polypropylene outer bags. Tie the openings, but do not tie them tightly, leaving a little air leakage. Then move them to the culture room shelves and place them in a tic-tac-toe pattern and culture them in a light-shielded and ventilated manner. After one week, turn the pile over to check the mycelium growth. When the mycelium at the inoculation point germinates and grows into a growth circle with a diameter of 10cm, remove the outer bag and continue to cultivate. Open doors and windows all day to increase ventilation. Pay attention to heat dissipation to prevent burning of the sticks. When buds appear at the inoculation point around June 20, the cultivation can be transferred to woodland for mushroom production management.

[0063] (4) Selection and treatment of the cultivation site: Choose a forest land with convenient transportation, near water source, loose soil, slope below 20 degrees, and canopy density of 0.8. Before planting, remove the shrubs in the forest land, loosen the soil to a depth of 15 cm, level the slope, and spread quicklime (450g / m3) 3 days in advance. 2 ) and disinfected for use. During cultivation, a 120 cm wide cultivation bed is opened along the slope according to the terrain, and the length is not limited. A 45 cm wide and 20 cm deep ditch is dug between the cultivation beds as a drainage ditch and a walkway. The drainage ditch is parallel to the cultivation bed in the longitudinal direction. After the cultivation site is treated, the mushroom stick cultivation can be carried out.

[0064] (5) Cultivation with mushroom sticks: On June 14, the results of the spawning were checked. None of the spawning sticks were infected with other bacteria, and the spawning was uniform. On June 16, the spawns were moved to the forest and covered with soil using semi-peeled bags. The method was to cut a 6cm×40cm hole in the bag film on the back of the inoculation point along the direction of the long stick, and lay it flat with the cut facing down. Two sticks were placed horizontally on a 120cm wide bed (the sticks were 45cm long and 15cm wide, with an 8cm distance between the inner ends of the two sticks and an 11cm distance from the outer ends to the edge of the bed). Two rows were placed vertically according to the length of the bed, with a 15cm distance between the upper and lower sticks in the two rows. The gaps were filled with fine soil to expose the inoculation point, and water was sprinkled to keep the soil moist.

[0065] (6) Management: Under-forest cultivation does not require the construction of a shade shed. Trees can be used to provide shade and moisture retention. Usually, the main management is the water factor (air humidity above 80% and moisture content of the mushroom matrix at 60%). When the weather is dry, use a water pipe and nozzle to spray to keep the soil moist. Do not spray on cloudy or rainy days. Spray less frequently on sunny and dry days, and spray 5 times a day. If it rains continuously, cover the film to avoid rain, and uncover it after the rain. Pay attention to observation during the mushroom emergence period, prepare some slightly toxic insecticides and use them strictly according to the national regulations on the safe use of edible fungi. For damage such as the fine-leaved moth and slug, highly effective chlorfenapyr or trichlorfon can be used for prevention and control, but the use of drugs must be strictly in accordance with the national standards for the safe production of edible fungi.

[0066] (7) Management and harvesting: When the mushrooms begin to eject spores around July 15, they are about to mature. Stop spraying water. After a few days, wait until the white growth ring on the edge of the cap disappears and the cap thickens before picking for the first time on July 21. It is generally best to pick on a sunny morning and dry them in time after picking. After the first batch of mushrooms is finished, stop spraying water. For the mushroom sticks that have lost a lot of water, add water appropriately to the water content before mushrooms are grown naturally. When the second batch of buds appear around August 5, continue spraying water to keep them moist. They begin to eject spores around August 10 and are picked for the second time on August 15. The third batch of buds appear around August 26, eject spores in early September, and are picked for the third time on September 10. The picking time is always on a sunny morning and lasts for about 70 days.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] The difference from Example 1 is that the "Uncaria rhynchophylla stems" are replaced by "broad-leaved tree chips".

[0069] Experimental Example 1

[0070] In 2024, Ganoderma lucidum was cultivated according to the method of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 at Xiangchun Chinese Medicinal Materials Professional Cooperative in Wanfoshan Town, Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Hunan Province. The Ganoderma lucidum cultivated in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was harvested and weighed, and the yield of Ganoderma lucidum was counted.

[0071] Experimental results: as shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1 Yield of Ganoderma lucidum under different treatments

[0073] Wet mushroom production (kg / thousand sticks) Dried sesame production (kg / thousand sticks) Example 1 250.1 74.0 Comparative Example 1 161.3 45.9

[0074] As shown in Table 1, the dry ganoderma yield of using Uncaria rhynchophylla stems as the cultivation medium is 61% higher than that of using broad-leaved tree chips as the cultivation medium.

[0075] It can be seen from the above embodiments and experimental examples that the Uncaria rhynchophylla stem Ganoderma lucidum culture medium and the method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum of the present invention can significantly increase the yield of Ganoderma lucidum, and are beneficial to the accumulation of effective ingredients and the improvement of quality of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0076] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A culture medium for Uncaria rhynchophylla stems and Ganoderma lucidum, comprising the following components by mass fraction: 75-85% of Uncaria rhynchophylla stems, 14-22% of wheat bran, 0.5-2% of gypsum, and 0.4-1.4% of glucose; The Uncaria rhynchophylla stem chips are taken from the main branches of the Uncaria rhynchophylla plant 20 to 30 cm above the ground, and the particle size of the Uncaria rhynchophylla stem is 4 to 8 mm.

2. A method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum using the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of Uncaria rhynchophylla stems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) mixing the Uncaria rhynchophylla stem and Ganoderma lucidum culture medium with water to obtain a bag material matrix; 2) Put the bag material matrix into the inner bag and sterilize to obtain the bacterial stick; 3) Inoculate the Ganoderma lucidum onto the bacterial stick and culture until buds appear; 4) Make a cut along the direction of the long stick on the back of the inoculation point of the budding mushroom stick, and cultivate it under the forest with the cut facing downward.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Step 1) The mass ratio of the Uncaria rhynchophylla stem and Ganoderma lucidum culture medium to water is 1:0.8-1.5; the water content of the bag material matrix is ​​55%-60%, and the pH of the bag material matrix is ​​5.0-6.

0.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 2) The filling amount of the bag material matrix is ​​1.5-2.5 kg / bag, and the inner bag is a polypropylene bacteria bag; The sterilization temperature is 120-130° C., and the sterilization time is 1-3 hours; and the sterilization is followed by cooling to below 70° C.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 3) The inoculation time of the ganoderma lucidum is from March to April or from June to July every year, and the inoculation amount of the ganoderma lucidum is 40 to 80 g / rod; after the inoculation, the rod is covered with an outer bag, and when the diameter of the mycelium growth circle at the inoculation point is 6 to 10 cm, the outer bag is removed and the cultivation is continued.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Step 4) The selection and treatment method of the forest site is as follows: select a forest land with convenient transportation, near water source, loose soil, slope below 20 degrees, and canopy density of 0.6-0.8, remove the shrubs in the forest land before planting, loosen the soil to a depth of 10-20 cm, level the slope, and spread quicklime for disinfection. The amount of quicklime used is 400-500g / m 2 .

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 4) During the cultivation, cultivation beds are opened along the slope according to the terrain, and the width of the cultivation beds is 80-120 cm; drainage ditches are dug between the cultivation beds, and the drainage ditches also serve as walkways. The drainage ditches are longitudinally parallel to the cultivation beds, and the width of the drainage ditches is 35-45 cm, and the depth of the drainage ditches is 10-20 cm.

8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 4) The column spacing of the budding mushroom sticks is 4 to 8 cm, and the row spacing of the budding mushroom sticks is 5 to 15 cm.

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