Method for protecting black land by intercropping corn and green manure

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for protecting black land by intercropping corn with green manure, and belongs to the field of agriculture, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) sowing corn and green manure in late April, with the sowing line spacing of 60-64cm and the plant spacing of 24-26cm, intercropping a line of green manure between two lines of corn, adopting a hole sowing mode with the hole spacing of 30-32cm, and carrying out watering, fertilizer supplementation and disease and pest management; (2) 10-15 days before physiological maturation of corn, a decomposition promoter A is used for irrigating roots of green manure plants, and meanwhile a decomposition promoter B is sprayed to stems of the green manure plants; and (3) after the corn is physiologically mature, picking the corn, spreading a decomposition promoting agent on the surface of the soil, crushing corn straws and green manure plants by using a ploughing machine, ploughing and returning to the field, and solving the problem that the green manure is slow in decomposition rate, so that the planting of the next crop is influenced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure. Background Art

[0002] Black soil refers to land with black or dark humus as the dominant surface material. It is one of my country's important arable land resources, with good fertility and water retention capacity, and is of great significance for ensuring food security and the ecological environment. However, due to long-term high-intensity utilization, heavy use and light maintenance, soil erosion and other reasons, the fertility and ecological function of black soil are facing the risk of degradation.

[0003] Corn and green manure plants are planted alternately in rows or strips during the same growth period. Taking advantage of the slow growth of corn in the early stage and the large space between rows, the spacing between corn plants is adjusted reasonably to plant cool-loving, fast-growing green manure crops to achieve the complementarity between corn and green manure and make full use of water, light and heat resources. Then the harvested corn stalks and green manure crops are plowed and returned to the field. The stalks and stems and leaves of green manure are continuously decomposed by microorganisms, releasing a large amount of effective nutrients and forming humus, which can increase additional nitrogen input, fix carbon sources, improve soil aggregate structure, and promote the improvement of black soil fertility. However, after the green manure is turned over and returned to the field, the decomposition rate of green manure and straw is slow, and it takes a long time to completely decompose, which will affect the planting of the next crop.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure, which promotes the decomposition of green manure, improves the conversion rate of green manure, and effectively improves the soil. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for intercropping corn with green manure to protect black soil, which solves the problem that the decomposition rate of green manure is slow and affects the planting of the next crop.

[0006] The present invention solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:

[0007] A method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Corn and green manure were sown in late April, with a row spacing of 60-64 cm and a plant spacing of 24-26 cm. A row of green manure was planted between two rows of corn, using a hole sowing method with a hole spacing of 30-32 cm. Watering, fertilization, and pest and disease control were also performed;

[0009] (2) 10-15 days before the physiological maturity of corn, use decomposition promoter A to irrigate the roots of green manure plants, and spray decomposition promoter B on the stems of green manure plants;

[0010] (3) When corn is physiologically mature, it is picked and the corn stalks are retained. Then, a decomposition promoter is spread on the soil surface. A tiller is used to break the corn stalks and green manure plants into 5-10 cm and then plowed back into the field so that the decomposition promoter, corn stalks and alfalfa are buried in the soil.

[0011] Then use a tiller to break up the corn stalks and green manure plants, plow them back into the field, and add a decomposition promoter.

[0012] Furthermore, the green manure is one or more of alfalfa, annual white clover, and ryegrass.

[0013] Furthermore, the physiological maturity of corn is that the husks of the cobs turn yellow, become fluffy, the milky line of the grains disappears, and a black powder layer appears at the tip of the grains.

[0014] Furthermore, the operation method of step (2) is: use decomposition promoter A to irrigate the roots of green manure plants, the amount used is 15-20 kg / mu, and then spray decomposition promoter B on the stems of green manure, the amount used is 20-25 kg / mu.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation method of the decomposition promoting agent A is as follows: polyethylene glycol, sodium carbonate and water are added into water in a mass ratio of (2-3): (1-1.2): (100-150) and mixed evenly to obtain the decomposition promoting agent A.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation method of the decomposition accelerator B is as follows: sodium rosinate is added to a 60wt% ethanol solution, and stirred evenly to obtain a sodium rosinate solution, and then cocamidopropylamine oxide and peach aldehyde are added to the sodium rosinate solution, and mixed evenly to obtain a decomposition accelerator, wherein the mass ratio of cocamidopropylamine oxide, sodium rosinate, and peach aldehyde is (1.2-1.5): (1-1.2): (0.8-1).

[0017] 10-15 days before the physiological maturity of corn, the roots of green manure plants were irrigated with decomposition promoter A. The sodium carbonate in decomposition promoter A increased the cell permeability of green manure plants, resulting in serious cell water loss. Polyethylene glycol caused the osmotic pressure of green manure plant cells to be unbalanced, resulting in water loss in cells, further causing cell expansion and rupture, and promoting the exposure of cellulose from the cell wall. At the same time, decomposition promoter B was sprayed on the green manure. Cocamidopropylamine oxide was added to decomposition promoter B, so that decomposition promoter B could be well spread on the wax layer on the surface of the stem of green manure plants, so that the sodium rosinate and peach aldehyde in decomposition promoter B penetrated into the wax layer on the epidermis of green manure plants through the gaps between wax molecules, destroyed the structure of the wax layer and dissolved it, so that the wax layer was separated from the surface of the green manure stem, and the cellulose under the epidermis of the green manure could be quickly exposed, so as to facilitate the rapid decomposition. At the same time, because the decomposition promoter B caused the wax layer of the green manure plant stem to fall off, the water loss rate of the green manure plant increased under the stress of the decomposition promoter A, which accelerated the exposure of cellulose. Therefore, through the combined effect of spraying the decomposition promoter A and spraying the decomposition promoter B, the green manure plant quickly exposed the cellulose layer, promoting the decomposition of the green manure.

[0018] Further, the preparation method of the decomposition promoting agent is:

[0019] (1) beeswax is heated to 70-80° C., and after the beeswax is completely melted, calcium oxide particles are placed in the beeswax and completely immersed, and then taken out and air-dried to be wrapped with beeswax. After immersion for 1-3 times, the beeswax on the surface of the calcium oxide is completely air-dried to obtain the decomposition-promoting particles;

[0020] (2) adding agar to water, heating and stirring until the agar is completely melted, then adding maltose and polyglutamic acid, and stirring evenly to obtain a sol;

[0021] (3) When the gel is cooled to below 50°C, the decomposition-promoting particles are placed in the sol and infiltrated. After being taken out, the particles are cooled and solidified at 5-10°C to obtain a decomposition-promoting agent.

[0022] Furthermore, the particle size of the calcium oxide particles is 0.5-1 cm.

[0023] Furthermore, in the process of preparing the decomposition promoting agent, in the preparation of the decomposition promoting particles in step (1), the calcium oxide particles are immersed in beeswax once to obtain single-layer decomposition promoting particles, immersed twice to obtain double-layer decomposition promoting particles, and immersed three times to obtain multi-layer decomposition promoting particles; when preparing the decomposition promoting agent, the single-layer, double-layer, and multi-layer decomposition promoting particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 and then placed in a sol for infiltration to finally obtain the decomposition promoting agent.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (2) of the method for preparing the decomposition promoting agent, the mass ratio of maltose, polyglutamic acid and agar is (2-3): (2-2.5): (4-5).

[0025] Furthermore, the usage of the decomposition-promoting agent is 50-60 kg / mu.

[0026] The corn stalks and green manure plants are mechanically crushed and then plowed and returned to the field, and a decomposition-promoting agent is added. The decomposition-promoting agent is obtained by cooling and solidifying the decomposition-promoting particles wrapped in sol. The solidified sol contains maltose and polyglutamic acid, which can be used as a carbon source for microbial growth, promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and accelerate the decomposition of green manure and straw by microorganisms. After the microorganisms decompose the agar and other substances on the surface of the decomposition-promoting particles, they continue to decompose the beeswax on the surface of the decomposition-promoting particles, gradually exposing the calcium oxide particles inside, reacting with the water in the soil to release heat, and increasing the temperature of the environment. As the temperature rises, the activity of microorganisms in the soil is enhanced, which accelerates the decomposition rate of organic matter by microorganisms, thereby increasing the decomposition rate of green manure. At the same time, the decomposition-promoting particles are composed of single-layer decomposition particles, double-layer decomposition particles, and multi-layer decomposition particles according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1. The difference lies in the different degrees of encapsulation of calcium oxide with beeswax, thereby regulating the exposure time of calcium oxide. The beeswax on the surface of the single-layer decomposition particles is the first to be completely decomposed. Therefore, the calcium oxide in the single-layer decomposition particles reacts first to provide heat for the decomposition of green manure. As microorganisms continue to decompose the decomposition-promoting particles with different beeswax thicknesses, the double-layer decomposition particles and the multi-layer decomposition particles gradually begin to react and release heat, thereby continuously providing heat, promoting the decomposition of green manure and straw, and increasing the organic matter content in the soil, thereby improving the soil fertility and structure, and playing a role in protecting the black soil.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention can effectively promote the decomposition of green manure, accelerate the decomposition rate of green manure, improve soil structure, and improve the fertilizer retention capacity of soil, and can effectively improve the current problem of black soil degradation and improve agricultural land utilization. At the same time, the decomposition promoting agent prepared by the present invention does not require subsequent removal treatment, and will not cause harm to the environment, and is suitable for large-scale application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:

[0030] Embodiment 1:

[0031] Preparation of decomposition agent A:

[0032] 2 g of polyethylene glycol and 1 g of sodium carbonate were added into 100 g of water and mixed evenly to obtain decomposition promoting agent A.

[0033] Preparation of decomposition agent B:

[0034] 1 g of sodium rosinate was added to 100 ml of 60 wt% ethanol solution, and stirred evenly to obtain a sodium rosinate solution. Subsequently, 1.2 g of cocamidopropylamine oxide and 0.8 g of peach aldehyde were added to the sodium rosinate solution, and mixed evenly to obtain a decomposition promoter.

[0035] Preparation of the decomposition-promoting agent:

[0036] (1) beeswax is heated to 70° C. After the beeswax is completely melted, calcium oxide particles with a particle size of about 0.5 cm are placed in the beeswax and completely immersed, then taken out and air-dried for beeswax wrapping. The calcium oxide particles are immersed once to obtain single-layer decomposition-promoting particles, immersed twice to obtain double-layer decomposition-promoting particles, and immersed three times to obtain multi-layer decomposition-promoting particles;

[0037] (2) adding 4 g of agar to 100 ml of water, heating and stirring until the agar is completely melted, then adding 2 g of maltose and 2 g of polyglutamic acid, and stirring evenly to obtain a sol;

[0038] (3) When the sol is cooled to below 50°C, single-layer decomposition-promoting particles, double-layer decomposition-promoting particles, and multi-layer decomposition-promoting particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 and placed into the above-prepared sol for immersion. After taking them out, they are cooled and solidified at 5°C to obtain a decomposition-promoting agent.

[0039] Methods of intercropping corn with green manure to protect black soil:

[0040] (1) Corn and green manure were sown in late April, with a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 24 cm. A row of alfalfa was planted between two rows of corn. The seeding rate was 1 kg / mu and the hole spacing was 30 cm. Watering, fertilization, and pest and disease control were performed.

[0041] (2) 10 days before the physiological maturity of corn, decomposition promoter A was used to irrigate the roots of alfalfa at a rate of 15 kg / mu, and decomposition promoter B was sprayed on the stems of alfalfa at a rate of 20 kg / mu;

[0042] (3) When the corn is physiologically mature, it is picked and the corn stalks are retained. Then, a decomposition promoter is spread on the soil surface. A tiller is used to break the corn stalks and alfalfa into pieces of about 5 cm and then plowed back into the field so that the decomposition promoter, corn stalks and alfalfa are buried in the soil. The amount of decomposition promoter used is 50 kg / mu.

[0043] Embodiment 2:

[0044] Preparation of decomposition agent A:

[0045] 2.5 g of polyethylene glycol and 1.1 g of sodium carbonate were added into 125 g of water and mixed evenly to obtain decomposition promoting agent A.

[0046] Preparation of decomposition agent B:

[0047] 1.1 g of sodium rosinate was added to 110 ml of 60 wt % ethanol solution, and the mixture was stirred evenly to obtain a sodium rosinate solution. Subsequently, 1.35 g of cocamidopropylamine oxide and 0.9 g of peach aldehyde were added to the sodium rosinate solution, and the mixture was mixed evenly to obtain a decomposition promoting agent.

[0048] Preparation of the decomposition-promoting agent:

[0049] (1) heating beeswax to 75° C., and after the beeswax is completely melted, placing calcium oxide particles with a particle size of about 0.8 cm in the beeswax, soaking them completely, taking them out and air-drying them for beeswax wrapping. After soaking the calcium oxide particles once, single-layer pro-decomposition particles are obtained, after soaking them twice, double-layer pro-decomposition particles are obtained, and after soaking them three times, multi-layer pro-decomposition particles are obtained;

[0050] (2) adding 4.5 g of agar to 112 ml of water, heating and stirring until the agar is completely melted, then adding 2.5 g of maltose and 2.25 g of polyglutamic acid, and stirring evenly to obtain a sol;

[0051] (3) When the sol is cooled to below 50°C, the single-layer decomposition-promoting particles, the double-layer decomposition-promoting particles, and the multi-layer decomposition-promoting particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 and infiltrated into the sol prepared above. After taking out, the sol is cooled and solidified at 8°C to obtain a decomposition-promoting agent.

[0052] Methods of intercropping corn with green manure to protect black soil:

[0053] (1) Corn and green manure were sown in late April, with a row spacing of 62 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm. A row of alfalfa was planted between two rows of corn. The seeding rate was 1.25 kg and the hole spacing was 31 cm. Watering, fertilization, and pest and disease control were performed.

[0054] (2) 12 days before the physiological maturity of corn, decomposition promoter A was used to irrigate the roots of alfalfa at a rate of 18 kg / mu, and decomposition promoter B was sprayed on the stems of alfalfa at a rate of 22 kg / mu;

[0055] (3) When the corn is physiologically mature, it is picked and the corn stalks are retained. Then, a decomposition promoter is spread on the soil surface. A tiller is used to break the corn stalks and alfalfa into pieces of about 8 cm and then plowed back into the field so that the decomposition promoter, corn stalks and alfalfa are buried in the soil. The amount of decomposition promoter used is 55 kg / mu.

[0056] Embodiment 3:

[0057] Preparation of decomposition agent A:

[0058] Add 3 g of polyethylene glycol and 1.2 g of sodium carbonate into 150 ml of water and mix well to obtain decomposition promoting agent A.

[0059] Preparation of decomposition agent:

[0060] 1.2 g of sodium rosinate was added to 120 ml of 60 wt % ethanol solution, and the mixture was stirred evenly to obtain a sodium rosinate solution. Subsequently, 1.5 g of cocamidopropylamine oxide and 1 g of peach aldehyde were added to the sodium rosinate solution, and the mixture was mixed evenly to obtain a decomposition promoting agent.

[0061] Preparation of the decomposition-promoting agent:

[0062] (1) beeswax is heated to 80° C. After the beeswax is completely melted, calcium oxide particles with a particle size of about 1 cm are placed in the beeswax and completely immersed, then taken out and air-dried for beeswax wrapping. The calcium oxide particles are immersed once to obtain single-layer decomposition-promoting particles, immersed twice to obtain double-layer decomposition-promoting particles, and immersed three times to obtain multi-layer decomposition-promoting particles;

[0063] (2) Add 5 g of agar to 125 ml of water, heat and stir until the agar is completely melted, then add 3 g of maltose and 2.5 g of polyglutamic acid, and stir evenly to obtain a sol;

[0064] (3) When the sol is cooled to below 50°C, single-layer decomposition-promoting particles, double-layer decomposition-promoting particles, and multi-layer decomposition-promoting particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 and placed into the above-prepared sol for immersion. After taking them out, they are cooled and solidified at 10°C to obtain a decomposition-promoting agent.

[0065] Methods of intercropping corn with green manure to protect black soil:

[0066] (1) Corn and green manure were sown in late April, with a row spacing of 64 cm and a plant spacing of 26 cm. A row of alfalfa was planted between two rows of corn. The seeding rate was 1.5 kg and the hole spacing was 32 cm. Watering, fertilization, and pest and disease control were performed.

[0067] (2) 15 days before the physiological maturity of corn, decomposition promoter A was used to irrigate the roots of alfalfa at a rate of 20 kg / mu, and decomposition promoter B was sprayed on the stems of alfalfa at a rate of 25 kg / mu;

[0068] (3) When the corn is physiologically mature, it is picked and the corn stalks are retained. Then, a decomposition promoter is spread on the soil surface. A tiller is used to break the corn stalks and alfalfa into pieces of about 10 cm and then plowed back into the field so that the decomposition promoter is buried in the soil with the corn stalks and alfalfa. The amount of decomposition promoter used is 60 kg / mu.

[0069] Comparative Example 1:

[0070] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference being that the preparation method of the decomposition promoting agent is different, specifically, the decomposition promoting particles are not sol-coated, and the specific method is as follows:

[0071] (1) beeswax is heated to 70° C. After the beeswax is completely melted, calcium oxide particles with a particle size of about 0.5 cm are placed in the beeswax and completely immersed, then taken out and air-dried for beeswax wrapping. The calcium oxide particles are immersed once to obtain single-layer decomposition-promoting particles, immersed twice to obtain double-layer decomposition-promoting particles, and immersed three times to obtain multi-layer decomposition-promoting particles;

[0072] (2) The single-layer decomposition-promoting particles, the double-layer decomposition-promoting particles, and the multi-layer decomposition-promoting particles are mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a decomposition-promoting agent.

[0073] The method of intercropping corn with green manure to protect black soil in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1, and the decomposition promoter A and the decomposition promoter B are the same as those in Example 1.

[0074] Comparative Example 2:

[0075] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, and the only difference is that the preparation method of the decomposition-promoting agent is different. Specifically, the decomposition-promoting particles are only wrapped with beeswax once. The specific method is as follows:

[0076] (1) beeswax is heated to 70° C., and after the beeswax is completely melted, calcium oxide particles with a particle size of about 0.5 cm are placed in the beeswax and completely immersed, then taken out and air-dried, and then wrapped with beeswax to obtain a single-layer decomposition-promoting particle;

[0077] (2) adding 4 g of agar to 100 ml of water, heating and stirring until the agar is completely melted, then adding 2 g of maltose and 2 g of polyglutamic acid, and stirring evenly to obtain a sol;

[0078] (3) When the sol is cooled to below 50°C, a single layer of decomposition-promoting particles is placed into the sol prepared above and immersed therein, and then taken out and cooled and solidified at 5°C to obtain a decomposition-promoting agent.

[0079] The method of intercropping corn with green manure to protect black soil in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1, and the decomposition promoter A and the decomposition promoter B are the same as those in Example 1.

[0080] Experiment 1:

[0081] 1. The black soil in Northeast China was selected as the experimental site and divided into 9 independent experimental plots with an area of ​​100m 2 , Black Crown No. 1 corn and alfalfa were selected as experimental crops.

[0082] 2. Experimental methods:

[0083] (1) Corn and green manure were sown in late April, and 40 kg / mu of nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer before sowing. The sowing row spacing of corn was 60 cm, the plant spacing was 24 cm, and a row of alfalfa was planted between two rows of corn. The hole sowing method was adopted, the sowing amount was 1 kg, and the hole spacing was 30 cm. Supplementary fertilizer was applied in the subsequent jointing stage of corn, and the amount of supplementary fertilizer was 20 kg / mu of nitrogen-phosphorus organic fertilizer. Watering and pest and disease control were carried out;

[0084] (2) 10 days before the physiological maturity of corn, decomposition promoter A was used to irrigate the roots of alfalfa at a rate of 15 kg / mu, and decomposition promoter B was sprayed on the stems of alfalfa at a rate of 20 kg / mu;

[0085] (3) When the corn is physiologically mature, it is picked and the corn stalks are retained. Then, a decomposition promoter is spread on the soil surface. A tiller is used to break the corn stalks and alfalfa into pieces of about 5 cm and then plowed back into the field so that the decomposition promoter, corn stalks and alfalfa are buried in the soil. The amount of decomposition promoter used is 50 kg / mu.

[0086] 3. Referring to the above experimental method, the selection of decomposition promoting agent, decomposition promoting agent A and decomposition promoting agent B in the experimental process of each experimental group is as follows:

[0087] (1) Experimental group 1 used the decomposition promoting agent, decomposition promoting agent A, and decomposition promoting agent B prepared in Example 1;

[0088] (2) The decomposition promoting agents of the comparison groups 1-2 were respectively the decomposition promoting agents prepared in comparative examples 1-2, and the decomposition promoting agents A and B were both the decomposition promoting agents A and B prepared in example 1;

[0089] (3) Comparative group 3 used decomposition promoter A and decomposition promoter B prepared in Example 1, but the decomposition promoter was replaced with calcium oxide particles of about 0.5 cm in size in the intercropping method;

[0090] (4) Comparative group 4 used the decomposition promoting agent and decomposition promoting agent B prepared in Example 1, but did not use decomposition promoting agent A;

[0091] (5) Comparative group 5 used the decomposition promoting agent and decomposition promoting agent A prepared in Example 1, but did not use decomposition promoting agent B;

[0092] (6) Comparative group 6 used the decomposition promoting agent, decomposition promoting agent A, and decomposition promoting agent B prepared in Example 1, and used the decomposition promoting agent, decomposition promoting agent A, and decomposition promoting agent B at the same time after the corn was physiologically mature. The specific steps are as follows:

[0093] After the corn is physiologically mature, it is picked, and the roots of alfalfa are irrigated with decomposition-promoting agent A, and the amount of decomposition-promoting agent A used is 15 kg / mu. At the same time, the stems of alfalfa are sprayed with decomposition-promoting agent B, and the amount of decomposition-promoting agent B used is 20 kg / mu. Then, the corn stalks and alfalfa are broken up by a tiller, and then plowed and returned to the field, and a decomposition-promoting agent is added, and the amount of decomposition-promoting agent used is 50 kg / mu.

[0094] (7) Comparative group 7 used decomposition promoter A and decomposition promoter B prepared in Example 1, but no decomposition promoter. The corn was picked after physiological maturity, and then the corn stalks and alfalfa were broken up by a tiller and returned to the field after plowing.

[0095] (8) was the blank control group, in which decomposition accelerator A, decomposition accelerator B, and decomposition accelerator were not used when returning the harvested corn stalks and green manure to the field.

[0096] The soil nutrients before returning to the field were tested, and the basic soil nutrients were: organic matter 15.42g / kg, total nitrogen 1.56g / kg, total phosphorus 0.31g / kg, total potassium 1.02g / kg. Two months after the tillage was returned to the field, the five-point sampling method was used to collect soil from the soil surface, 15cm soil layer, and 30cm soil layer. After mixing, the soil properties were measured again. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0097] Table 1

[0098]

[0099] Experiment 2:

[0100] Each experimental group was treated according to steps (1) and (2) in the experimental method of Experiment 1, and then the treated corn stalks and alfalfa were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 and crushed into about 5 cm, and then the decomposition promoter required in step (3) of the experimental method of Experiment 1 was added, and the decomposition promoter was mixed with the corn stalks and alfalfa and then put into 200 mesh nylon bags, 200 g per bag, and the nylon mesh bags were sealed with a sealing machine, and buried in an open-air test field with a burial depth of 15 cm. The climate, rainfall, etc. were all actual weather, and three repetitions were performed. Samples were taken before the start of decomposition, on the 20th, 40th, and 60th days of decomposition, and the dry weight of corn stalks and alfalfa was measured after drying in a 65°C oven for 24 hours, and the cumulative decomposition rate was calculated. The decomposition rate calculation formula is as follows:

[0101] Cumulative decomposition rate (%) = cumulative decomposition amount / initial plant dry weight × 100.

[0102] The results are shown in Table 2:

[0103] Table 2

[0104] 20-day decomposition rate (%) 40-day decomposition rate (%) 60-day decomposition rate (%) Experimental Group 1 42.1 61.5 76.5 Comparison group 1 33.2 50.4 64.8 Comparison group 2 43.8 56.7 62.8 Comparison group 3 47.8 54.2 59.4 Comparison group 4 39.8 56.7 70.2 Comparison group 5 39.7 56.5 70.4 Comparison group 6 38.5 55.8 68.4 Comparison group 7 29.8 40.7 48.8 Blank Group 24.8 35.7 40.8

[0105] By analyzing Table 1 and Table 2, we can get:

[0106] 1. Compared with experimental group 1, control group 1 did not wrap the decomposition-promoting particles, the activity of microorganisms was lower, and the rate of decomposing the beeswax on the surface of the decomposition-promoting particles was slower, which led to slower exposure of calcium oxide inside the decomposition-promoting particles, reduced decomposition rate, and lower contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, and total phosphorus in the soil.

[0107] 2. Compared with experimental group 1, control group 2 only wrapped the decomposition-promoting particles with beeswax once, indicating that the decomposition-promoting agent only contained a single layer of decomposition-promoting particles. After the microorganisms decomposed the beeswax on their surface, all the calcium oxide particles were exposed and reacted with water in the soil to release heat. Therefore, the decomposition rate was higher at 20 days. However, after the decomposition-promoting particles were completely reacted, they could not continuously provide heat to promote decomposition, resulting in a small increase in the decomposition rate in the subsequent period and a low final decomposition rate. The decomposition of alfalfa and corn stalks was incomplete, and the improvement of soil fertility was low.

[0108] 3. Compared with experimental group 1, control group 3 directly used calcium oxide particles, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in the soil were lower. This is because calcium oxide can easily react with water to release heat, causing the temperature to rise rapidly in the early stage. Therefore, the decomposition rate in the early stage was high, but the excessively high temperature affected the activity of microorganisms, which in turn affected the decomposition efficiency of alfalfa and straw, and could not provide heat for the decomposition of green manure in the later stage, resulting in a decrease in the decomposition rate in the later stage and incomplete decomposition of alfalfa and straw.

[0109] 4. Compared with experimental group 1, control group 4 did not use decomposition promoter A, and the decomposition efficiency was lower. This is because decomposition promoter A can produce stress on green manure plants, causing osmotic pressure imbalance of alfalfa cells, cell expansion and rupture, and cellulose exposed from the cell wall. Therefore, the decomposition rate in the early stage was low, resulting in a longer time for green manure decomposition, and less improvement on soil properties in the same time. Compared with experimental group 1, control group 5 did not use decomposition promoter B. The wax layer on the surface of the alfalfa stem fell off slowly, resulting in a slower exposure of the cellulose layer, which led to a decrease in the cellulose decomposition rate of the control group, a decrease in the decomposition rate, and a decrease in the content of organic matter in the soil. Compared with experimental group 1, control group 6 used decomposition promoter A, decomposition promoter B and decomposition promoter at the same time. Decomposition promoter A and decomposition promoter B needed a certain amount of time to act on alfalfa, which led to a decrease in the decomposition rate and a lower decomposition rate.

[0110] 5. Compared with experimental group 1, control group 7 did not use decomposition promoters, and the degradation rate of alfalfa and straw was slower. In the same period of time, the decomposition degree was far less than that of experimental group 1. Therefore, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the soil of control group 7 was reduced.

[0111] 6. The blank group was not treated, and the alfalfa and straw were degraded slowly and decomposed at a low level in the soil, resulting in a decomposition rate of only 40.8% at 60 days, indicating a poor decomposition effect.

[0112] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention. The techniques, shapes, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Corn and green manure were sown in late April, with a row spacing of 60-64 cm and a plant spacing of 24-26 cm. A row of green manure was planted between two rows of corn, using a hole sowing method with a hole spacing of 30-32 cm. Watering, fertilization, and pest and disease control were also performed; (2) 10-15 days before the physiological maturity of corn, use decomposition promoter A to irrigate the roots of green manure plants, and spray decomposition promoter B on the stems of green manure plants; (3) After the corn is harvested and physiologically mature, a decomposition-promoting agent is spread on the soil surface. At the same time, a tiller is used to break up the corn stalks and green manure plants and then plow the soil back into the field.

2. The method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The green manure is one or more of alfalfa, annual white clover, and ryegrass.

3. The method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The operation method of step (2) is: use the decomposition promoting agent A to irrigate the roots of the green manure plants, and the amount used is 15-20 kg / mu, and then spray the decomposition promoting agent B on the stems of the green manure, and the amount used is 20-25 kg / mu.

4. The method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the decomposition promoting agent A is as follows: polyethylene glycol, sodium carbonate and water are added into water in a mass ratio of (2-3): (1-1.2): (100-150) and mixed evenly to obtain the decomposition promoting agent A.

5. The method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of the decomposition promoting agent B is as follows: sodium rosinate is added to a 60wt% ethanol solution, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain a sodium rosinate solution; then cocamidopropylamine oxide and peach aldehyde are added to the sodium rosinate solution, and the mixture is mixed evenly to obtain a decomposition promoting agent, wherein the mass ratio of cocamidopropylamine oxide, sodium rosinate and peach aldehyde is (1.2-1.5):(1-1.2):(0.8-1).

6. The method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the decomposition promoting agent is: (1) beeswax is heated to 70-80° C., and after the beeswax is completely melted, calcium oxide particles are placed in the beeswax and completely immersed, and then taken out and air-dried to be wrapped with beeswax. After immersion for 1-3 times, the beeswax on the surface of the calcium oxide is completely air-dried to obtain the decomposition-promoting particles; (2) adding agar to water, heating and stirring until the agar is completely melted, then adding maltose and polyglutamic acid, and stirring evenly to obtain a sol; (3) When the sol is cooled to below 50°C, the decomposition-promoting particles are placed in the sol and soaked. After being taken out, the particles are cooled and solidified at 5-10°C to obtain a decomposition-promoting agent.

7. The method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The particle size of the calcium oxide particles is 0.5-1 cm.

8. The method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the preparation of the decomposition promoting agent, in the preparation of the decomposition promoting particles in step (1), the calcium oxide particles are immersed in beeswax once to obtain single-layer decomposition promoting particles, immersed twice to obtain double-layer decomposition promoting particles, and immersed three times to obtain multi-layer decomposition promoting particles; when preparing the decomposition promoting agent, the single-layer, double-layer, and multi-layer decomposition promoting particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 and then placed in a sol for infiltration to finally obtain the decomposition promoting agent.

9. The method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step (2) of the method for preparing the decomposition promoting agent, the mass ratio of maltose, polyglutamic acid and agar is (2-3): (2-2.5): (4-5).

10. The method for protecting black soil by intercropping corn with green manure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The usage amount of the decomposition promoting agent is 50-60kg / mu.

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