Planting method for promoting nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane by intercropping mung beans and soybeans

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for promoting the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane by intercropping mung beans and soybeans, and relates to the technical field of sugarcane cultivation. (2) planting two rows of mung beans or soybeans between sugarcane rows; and (3) continuously interplanting mung beans or soybeans in the ratoon sugarcane field. According to the method, one row of intercropped leguminous crops is used for green pressing, one row of intercropped leguminous crops is used for returning to the field, the fertilizing amount can be reduced by 50%, the sugarcane yield and plant height and stem diameter characters of sugarcane are not affected while the sugarcane yield under the condition of the conventional fertilizing amount can be achieved, fertilizing can be reduced, mung beans or soybeans are reasonably intercropped, the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane is improved, and the crop yield is increased. The podding amount and podding quality of mung beans or soybeans can be improved, flower pods are prevented from falling off, plump mung beans are effectively promoted, and the yield of the mung beans is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane cultivation, and in particular to a planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop and energy crop, with a long growth period, large biomass, and large fertilizer requirements, among which nitrogen fertilizer is the largest demand. Due to the long-term and large-scale application of nitrogen fertilizer, soil nutrient imbalance, soil acidification and compaction, and low nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane have been caused; most of the nitrogen fertilizer is volatilized, leached and adsorbed by the soil, causing farmland pollution, resulting in high sugarcane production costs and lack of international competitiveness. Sugarcane plants are tall and the spacing between cultivation rows is large. It takes 4-6 months from planting (or ridge opening and loosening of perennial sugarcane) to jointing and row closing, which is suitable for intercropping with some crops with short growth periods. Intercropping mung beans or soybeans with sugarcane can improve soil fertility and help achieve sustained high and stable yields. Some rhizobia that proliferate with legume nodules may be released into the soil after the nodules age and then enter the intercropped sugarcane to jointly fix nitrogen. High nitrogen levels in the field will inhibit the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of rhizobia and legume crops, and also inhibit the combined nitrogen fixation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and sugarcane, reducing the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate. Under moderate nitrogen fertilizer conditions, sugarcane roots may absorb nitrogen from the rhizosphere of intercropped legumes, and while utilizing the nitrogen nutrition produced by the symbiotic nitrogen fixation between legumes and rhizobia, it also alleviates the "nitrogen repression" of rhizobia nodulation and nitrogen fixation, thereby improving the symbiotic nitrogen fixation efficiency of rhizobia and reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers / no nitrogen fertilizers are required. How to provide a method to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, intercrop legumes to induce biological nitrogen fixation in sugarcane, and thus improve the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane, while not affecting the growth and development of legumes, has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane, a method for intercropping mung beans or soybeans to induce biological nitrogen fixation in sugarcane and thus improve the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane, one row of intercropped legume crops is used for pressing green, and one row is used for returning to the field, which can reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied by 50%, and at the same time, can harvest one more season of mung beans or soybeans with full grains and high yield, so as to give full play to the biological nitrogen fixation characteristics of sugarcane and provide technical support for reducing weight and increasing efficiency in sugarcane production. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0004] A planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane, the method comprising the following steps:

[0005] (1) New sugarcane planting

[0006] 1.1) Land preparation, deep tillage, soil tillage to a depth of 40-45cm, and sugarcane row spacing of 1.05-1.35m;

[0007] 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut them into double-bud segments, sterilize the seed stems, and sow them in early February to early March;

[0008] 1.3) After sugarcane seedlings emerge, apply urea at 140-160 kg / hm2 2 , calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 720-780kg / hm 2 , Potassium chloride 350-400kg / hm 2 After fertilization, cover the soil with 5cm; spray sodium molybdate on the leaves of newly planted sugarcane on the 50th, 60th and 70th days after sowing, with a spraying rate of 140-155g / hm 2 ; Remove old and dead leaves 2-3 times from August to October; spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests;

[0009] 1.4) When the sugarcane has 3 to 5 leaves, two rows of legumes are sown, wherein the legumes are mung beans or soybeans;

[0010] 1.5) Harvest of newly planted sugarcane: harvesting sugarcane from late January to mid-February of the following year;

[0011] (2) Mung bean planting

[0012] 2.1) Land preparation, deep ploughing, deep ploughing of 40-45 cm, fine raking to prevent compaction, loose top and solid bottom to facilitate seedling emergence, divide 2 rows of legume planting between sugarcane rows, the legume planting row spacing is 25-35 cm, the legume planting hole spacing is 15-25 cm, and the legume planting row spacing is 40-50 cm from the sugarcane planting row;

[0013] 2.2) When the sugarcane has 3-5 leaves, sow mung beans and apply organic fertilizer before sowing at a rate of 100-120 kg / hm2. 2 ;

[0014] 2.3) During the flowering and pod stage of mung bean, apply root irrigation solution once every 2 days, 30-50m each time. 3 / mu;

[0015] 2.4) During the peak flowering and pod period of mung beans, combine it with large-scale soiling of sugarcane to press the green leaves. Use a sugarcane soiling machine to crush the bean plants, press the green leaves and return them to the field. Mulch 12-15cm, and do a good job of field management to ensure appropriate soil moisture and control weeds and pests, promote early growth of sugarcane, promote the formation of strong root systems and strong above-ground stems and leaves of sugarcane plants, and close the sugarcane rows as soon as possible;

[0016] 2.5) Harvest mung beans promptly after they mature;

[0017] The mung beans are used for pressing one row of green beans and for harvesting one row of green beans;

[0018] (3)Soybean cultivation

[0019] 3.1) Land preparation, deep ploughing, soil ploughing 40-45cm deep, fine harrowing to prevent compaction, loose top and solid bottom, to facilitate seedling emergence, divide 2 rows of legume planting between sugarcane rows, the legume planting row spacing is 30cm, the legume planting hole spacing is 20cm, and the legume planting row spacing is 45cm from the sugarcane planting row;

[0020] 3.2) When the sugarcane has 3-5 leaves, sow soybeans and apply organic fertilizer before sowing at a rate of 100-120 kg / hm2. 2 ;

[0021] 3.3) During the flowering and pod stage of soybeans, apply root irrigation solution 1-2 times every 2-3 days, with 40-60 ml of water each time. 3 / mu;

[0022] 3.4) During the peak flowering and pod period of soybeans, combine with large-scale soiling of sugarcane to press green leaves. Use a sugarcane soiling machine to crush the soybean plants, press green leaves and return them to the field, and add 12-15cm of soil; and do a good job of field management to ensure appropriate soil moisture and control weeds and pests, promote early growth of sugarcane, promote the formation of strong root systems and strong above-ground stems and leaves of sugarcane plants, and close the rows of sugarcane as soon as possible;

[0023] 3.5) Harvest soybeans promptly after they mature;

[0024] The soybeans are used for pressing one row and harvesting another row;

[0025] (4) Continue to intercrop mung beans or soybeans in perennial sugarcane fields

[0026] After sugarcane is harvested, sugarcane leaves are collected and burned for use as sugarcane charcoal. The land is prepared for leguminous planting, and the perennial roots are broken and loosened. Two rows of mung beans or soybeans are sown when the ridges are broken and the roots are loosened. Sodium molybdate is sprayed on the sugarcane leaves on the 40th, 50th and 60th days after the perennial root sugarcane is broken and loosened. The spraying amount is 150g / hm 2 The planting method of mung beans or soybeans is the same as that of mung beans or soybeans in newly planted sugarcane fields.

[0027] Preferably, the root irrigation solution comprises, by weight: 0.2-0.3 parts of borax, 0.5-1 parts of quinoline copper, 0.05-0.2 parts of catechins, 1-1.5 parts of alginic acid, 0.5-1.5 parts of naphthoxyacetic acid, and 200-300 parts of water.

[0028] Further preferably, the root irrigation solution comprises, by weight: 0.25 parts of borax, 0.8 parts of quinoline copper, 0.1 parts of catechins, 1.2 parts of alginic acid, 1 part of naphthoxyacetic acid, and 250 parts of water.

[0029] Preferably, the method for disinfecting the seed stems in step 1.2) is to soak the seed stems in 1-2% lime water for 8-12 hours.

[0030] Preferably, in step 3.2), when the weather is wet and rainy during the sowing period, the mung bean or soybean seeds are mixed with a seed dressing solution before sowing, with 0.3-0.5 kg of the seed dressing solution used for every 100 kg of seeds to prevent and control fungal diseases such as gray leaf spot, leaf spot, downy mildew, etc.

[0031] Preferably, the seed dressing solution comprises, by weight percentage: 6-10% carbendazim, 3-5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-5% chitosan, 0.5-2% alfalfa extract, 1-3% sodium alginate, and 78.5-84% water.

[0032] Preferably, the sugarcane is Saccharum officinale RB928064, and the legume is mung bean.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] 1. The present invention is different from conventional fertilization (300kg / hm 2 Compared with the urea method, the fertilizer application rate can be reduced by 50% (150kg / hm 2 Under the condition of urea, the plant height, stem diameter and plant nitrogen content of newly planted sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane were not affected, and the sugarcane yield was not much different; intercropping mung bean / soybean did not affect the stem diameter and plant nitrogen content of newly planted sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane. 2 Under the condition of urea, the sugarcane yield of sugarcane RB928064 intercropped with mung bean is improved and the plant height of ratoon sugarcane is significantly improved at the 5% level. The nitrogen fixation efficiency of new sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane reaches 16.19% and 16.22% respectively, and the difference is significant at the 5% confidence level. The present invention can reduce fertilization and reasonably intercrop mung bean / soybean, improve the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane itself, and no mid-term topdressing is required.

[0035] 2. In the flowering and pod stage, the present invention applies root irrigation liquid once every 2 days, and each application is 30-50m3 / mu, which not only supplies balanced and rich nutrients for the growth of mung bean plants, but also promotes the continued growth and elongation of old roots, and promotes the regeneration and development of new roots, thereby effectively enhancing the ability of the root system to absorb nutrients, promoting the healthy growth of bean plants, and enhancing their plant vitality. Borax can promote the elongation of sugarcane internodes, and have a positive impact on the yield and quality of sugarcane; quinoline copper can directly act on pathogens around the root system, protect the sugarcane root system from disease invasion, and thus promote the healthy growth of sugarcane. The compound of catechins, alginic acid and naphthoxyacetic acid can induce flowering of mung bean or soybean, prevent the falling of flowers and pods, make the mung bean or soybean plants grow strong and have more nitrogen-fixing bacteria; although the flowering and pod stage is the peak period of water demand, too much water will also aggravate root diseases, cause root rot and seedling death, poor plant growth, premature aging, and falling of flowers and pods. Therefore, the frequency of root irrigation solution application is controlled to 1-2 times every 2-3 days, and 30-50m3 / mu is the best for each application.

[0036] 3. When the weather is humid and rainy during the sowing period of mung beans or soybeans, sowing is very likely to breed pathogens. Mixing the seeds with seed dressing liquid before sowing can effectively prevent and control fungal diseases such as gray spot, leaf spot, downy mildew, etc. Sodium alginate and chitosan can also form a protective film on the surface of seeds to prevent the invasion of pathogens. At the same time, alfalfa extract can assist in antibacterial treatment and stimulate seed germination and seedling growth and development. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0038] The experiment of this application was conducted in Dalu Village, Wuxuan County, Guangxi. A split-plot design was adopted, with monoculture and intercropping of mung beans and soybeans as the main plots, and different nitrogen fertilizer application levels as sub-plots. Each plot had 6 rows of sugarcane, and the row length was 6m. The sugarcane varieties were selected from Guitang No. 11, Guitang No. 42, and RB928064, the mung bean variety was Zhonglu No. 8, and the soybean variety was Guichun No. 8. Two nitrogen application levels were set: 300kg / hm 2 Urea, 150kg / hm 2 Urea; The soil in the test site is red soil, and its basic physical and chemical properties are: total nitrogen 1326mg / kg(w), total phosphorus 585mg / kg(w), total potassium 961mg / kg(w), organic matter 26.8g / kg, pH 4.83, available nitrogen 93.0mg / kg, available phosphorus 28.9mg / kg, available potassium 274.1mg / kg,

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The sugarcane variety in this embodiment is RB928064, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglu No. 8.

[0041] The planting method of intercropping mung beans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0042] (1) New sugarcane planting

[0043] 1.1) Land preparation, deep tillage, 40cm deep tillage, sugarcane row spacing of 1.2m, 40 double-bud seedlings per row of newly planted sugarcane;

[0044] 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut them into double-bud segments, soak the seed stems in 1.5% lime water for 10 hours to disinfect them, and sow them in early February to early March;

[0045] 1.3) After sugarcane seedlings emerge, apply urea at 150 kg / hm2 2 , calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 750kg / hm 2 , Potassium chloride 375kg / hm 2, cover the soil with 5cm after fertilization; remove old and dead leaves twice between August and October; spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests; spray sodium molybdate on the leaves of newly planted sugarcane on the 50th, 60th and 70th days after sowing, with a spraying rate of 150g / hm 2 ;

[0046] 1.4) Harvest of newly planted sugarcane: harvesting sugarcane from late January to mid-February of the following year;

[0047] (2) Mung bean planting

[0048] 2.1) Land preparation, deep ploughing, deep ploughing of 40 cm, fine harrowing to prevent compaction, loose top and solid bottom to facilitate seedling emergence, and two rows of legume planting are divided between the sugarcane rows, the legume planting row spacing is 30 cm, the legume planting hole spacing is 20 cm, and the legume planting row spacing is 45 cm from the sugarcane planting row;

[0049] 2.2) Dress the seeds with a seed dressing solution. For every 100 kg of seeds, 0.4 kg of the seed dressing solution is used. The seed dressing solution includes, by weight percentage: 8% carbendazim, 4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3% chitosan, 1% alfalfa extract, 2% sodium alginate, and 82% water. When the sugarcane has 4 leaves, sow mung beans. Apply organic fertilizer before sowing at an application rate of 110 kg / hm2. 2 ; Organic fertilizers include, by weight: 25 parts of sugarcane charcoal, 8 parts of decomposed animal feces, 12 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of fruit residue, and 5 parts of rice husk;

[0050] 2.3) During the flowering and pod stage of mung bean, apply root irrigation solution once every 2 days, with 40m 3 / mu; the root irrigation solution includes by weight: 0.25 parts of borax, 0.8 parts of quinoline copper, 0.1 parts of catechins, 1.2 parts of alginic acid, 1 part of naphthoxyacetic acid, and 250 parts of water;

[0051] 2.4) During the peak flowering and pod period of mung beans, combine with large-scale soiling of sugarcane to press green. Use a sugarcane soiling machine to crush the beans and press the green leaves back to the field. Mulch 13 cm and do a good job of field management to ensure proper soil moisture and control weeds and pests, promote early growth of sugarcane, promote the formation of strong root systems and strong above-ground stems and leaves of sugarcane plants, and close the sugarcane rows as soon as possible;

[0052] 2.5) Harvest mung beans promptly after they mature;

[0053] The mung beans are used for pressing one row of green beans and for harvesting one row of green beans;

[0054] (3) Continue to intercrop mung beans in perennial sugarcane fields

[0055] After sugarcane is harvested, sugarcane leaves are collected and burned for use as sugarcane charcoal. The land is prepared for leguminous planting rows, and the perennial roots are broken and loosened. Two rows of mung beans are sown when the ridges are broken and the stumps are loosened. The planting method of mung beans is the same as that of mung beans in newly planted sugarcane fields. Sodium molybdate is sprayed on the sugarcane leaves on the 40th, 50th and 60th days after the perennial root sugarcane is broken and loosened. The spraying amount is 150g / hm 2 .

[0056] Example 2

[0057] The sugarcane variety in this embodiment is RB928064, and the soybean variety is Guichun No. 8.

[0058] The planting method of intercropping soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0059] (1) New sugarcane planting

[0060] 1.1) Land preparation, deep tillage, soil tillage to 40cm deep, sugarcane row spacing of 1.2m;

[0061] 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut them into double-bud segments, soak the seed stems in 1.5% lime water for 10 hours to disinfect them, and sow them in early February to early March;

[0062] 1.3) After sugarcane seedlings emerge, apply urea at 150 kg / hm2 2 , calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 750kg / hm 2 , Potassium chloride 375kg / hm 2 After fertilization, cover the soil with 5cm; remove old and dead leaves twice from August to October; spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests; spray sodium molybdate on the leaves of newly planted sugarcane on the 50th, 60th and 70th days after sowing, with a spraying rate of 150g / hm 2 ;

[0063] 1.4) Harvest of newly planted sugarcane: harvesting sugarcane from late January to mid-February of the following year;

[0064] (2)Soybean cultivation

[0065] 2.1) Land preparation, deep ploughing, deep ploughing of 40 cm, fine harrowing to prevent compaction, loose top and solid bottom to facilitate seedling emergence, and two rows of legume planting are divided between the sugarcane rows, the legume planting row spacing is 30 cm, the legume planting hole spacing is 20 cm, and the legume planting row spacing is 45 cm from the sugarcane planting row;

[0066] 2.2) Dress the seeds with a seed dressing solution. For every 100 kg of seeds, 0.4 kg of the seed dressing solution is used. The seed dressing solution includes, by weight percentage: 8% carbendazim, 4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3% chitosan, 1% alfalfa extract, 2% sodium alginate, and 82% water. When the sugarcane has 4 leaves, sow soybeans. Apply organic fertilizer before sowing at an application rate of 110 kg / hm2. 2 , organic fertilizers by weight include: 25 parts of sugarcane charcoal, 8 parts of decomposed animal feces, 12 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of fruit residue, and 5 parts of rice husk;

[0067] 2.3) During the flowering and pod stage of soybean, apply root irrigation solution once every 2 days, with 50m 3 / mu; the root irrigation solution includes by weight: 0.25 parts of borax, 0.8 parts of quinoline copper, 0.1 parts of catechins, 1.2 parts of alginic acid, 1 part of naphthoxyacetic acid, and 250 parts of water;

[0068] 2.4) During the peak flowering and pod period of soybeans, combine the large-scale soiling of sugarcane with the greening, and use a sugarcane soiling machine to crush the soybean plants and return them to the field; and do a good job of field management to ensure appropriate soil moisture and control weeds and pests, promote the early growth of sugarcane, promote the formation of strong root systems and strong above-ground stems and leaves of sugarcane plants, and close the rows of sugarcane as soon as possible;

[0069] 2.5) Harvest soybeans promptly after they mature;

[0070] The soybeans are used for pressing one row and harvesting another row;

[0071] (3) Continue to intercrop soybeans in perennial sugarcane fields

[0072] After the sugarcane is harvested, the sugarcane leaves are collected and burned for use as sugarcane charcoal. The land is prepared for the leguminous planting rows, and the perennial roots are broken and loosened. Two rows of soybeans are sown when the ridges are broken and the roots are loosened. The planting method of soybeans is the same as that of soybeans in newly planted sugarcane fields. Sodium molybdate is sprayed on the sugarcane leaves on the 40th, 50th and 60th days after the perennial root sugarcane is broken and loosened. The spraying amount is 150g / hm 2 .

[0073] Example 3-1

[0074] In this embodiment, sugarcane is planted alone, and the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 11. The planting method is as follows:

[0075] (1) New sugarcane planting

[0076] 1.1) Land preparation, deep tillage, soil tillage to 40cm deep, sugarcane row spacing of 1.2m;

[0077] 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut them into double-bud segments, soak the seed stems in 1.5% lime water for 10 hours to disinfect them, and sow them in early February to early March;

[0078] 1.3) After sugarcane seedlings emerge, apply urea at 150 kg / hm2 2 , calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 750kg / hm 2 , Potassium chloride 375kg / hm 2 After fertilization, cover the soil with 5cm; remove old and dead leaves twice from August to October; spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests; spray sodium molybdate on the leaves of newly planted sugarcane on the 50th, 60th and 70th days after sowing, with a spraying rate of 150g / hm 2 ; Sodium molybdate was sprayed on the leaves of newly planted sugarcane at 150g / hm2 on the 50th, 60th and 70th days after sowing. 2 ;

[0079] 1.4) Harvest of newly planted sugarcane: harvesting sugarcane from late January to mid-February of the following year;

[0080] (2) Ratroot sugarcane cultivation

[0081] After sugarcane harvest, sugarcane leaves were collected and burned and returned to the field. The perennial roots were broken and the roots were loosened. Sodium molybdate was sprayed on the sugarcane leaves on the 40th, 50th and 60th days after breaking and loosening the roots. The spraying amount was 150g / hm 2 The rest of the planting methods are the same as those for newly planted sugarcane.

[0082] Example 3-2

[0083] In this example, sugarcane was planted alone, and the sugarcane variety was Guitang No. 11. The difference from Example 3-1 was that 300 kg / hm2 of urea was applied. 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 3-1.

[0084] Example 4-1

[0085] In this embodiment, mung beans are intercropped, the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 11, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglu No. 8.

[0086] The planting method of intercropping mung beans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0087] (1) New sugarcane planting

[0088] 1.1) Land preparation, deep tillage, soil tillage to 45cm deep, sugarcane row spacing of 1.2m, 40 double-bud seedlings per row of newly planted sugarcane;

[0089] 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut them into double-bud segments, and sow them in early February to early March;

[0090] 1.3) After sugarcane seedlings emerge, apply urea at 150 kg / hm2 2 , calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 750kg / hm 2 , Potassium chloride 375kg / hm2 After fertilization, cover the soil with 5cm; remove old and dead leaves twice from August to October; spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests; spray sodium molybdate on the leaves of newly planted sugarcane on the 50th, 60th and 70th days after sowing, with a spraying rate of 150g / hm 2 ;

[0091] 1.4) Harvest of newly planted sugarcane: harvesting sugarcane from late January to mid-February of the following year;

[0092] (2) Mung bean planting

[0093] 2.1) Land preparation, deep ploughing, deep ploughing of 40 cm, fine harrowing to prevent compaction, loose top and solid bottom to facilitate seedling emergence, and two rows of legume planting are divided between the sugarcane rows, the legume planting row spacing is 30 cm, the legume planting hole spacing is 20 cm, and the legume planting row spacing is 45 cm from the sugarcane planting row;

[0094] 2.2) When the sugarcane has 4 leaves, sow mung beans;

[0095] 2.3) When the mung bean seedlings have grown to 2 leaves, spray the solution at 45L per mu, and then spray once every 18 days; the solution is 1000 times diluted carbendazim;

[0096] 2.4) During the peak flowering and pod period of mung beans, combine with large-scale soiling of sugarcane to press green. Use a sugarcane soiling machine to crush the beans and press the green leaves back to the field. Mulch 13 cm and do a good job of field management to ensure proper soil moisture and control weeds and pests, promote early growth of sugarcane, promote the formation of strong root systems and strong above-ground stems and leaves of sugarcane plants, and close the sugarcane rows as soon as possible;

[0097] 2.7) Harvest mung beans promptly after they mature;

[0098] The mung beans are used for pressing one row of green beans and for harvesting one row of green beans;

[0099] (3) Continue to intercrop mung beans in perennial sugarcane fields

[0100] After sugarcane is harvested, sugarcane leaves are collected and burned for use as sugarcane charcoal. The land is prepared for leguminous planting rows, and the perennial roots are broken and loosened. Two rows of mung beans are sown when the ridges are broken and the stumps are loosened. The planting method of mung beans is the same as that of mung beans in newly planted sugarcane fields. Sodium molybdate is sprayed on the sugarcane leaves on the 40th, 50th and 60th days after the perennial root sugarcane is broken and loosened. The spraying amount is 150g / hm 2 .

[0101] Example 4-2

[0102] In this example, mung beans were intercropped. The sugarcane variety was Guitang No. 11 and the mung bean variety was Zhonglu No. 8. The difference from Example 4-1 was that 300 kg / hm2 of urea was applied. 2The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 4-1.

[0103] Example 5-1

[0104] In this embodiment, soybeans are intercropped, the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 11, and the soybean variety is Guichun No. 8. The planting method is as follows:

[0105] (1) New sugarcane planting

[0106] 1.1) Land preparation, deep tillage, soil tillage to 40cm deep, sugarcane row spacing of 1.2m;

[0107] 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut them into double-bud segments, soak the seed stems in 1.5% lime water for 10 hours to disinfect them, and sow them in early February to early March;

[0108] 1.3) After sugarcane seedlings emerge, apply urea at 150 kg / hm2 2 , calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 750kg / hm 2 , Potassium chloride 375kg / hm 2 After fertilization, cover the soil with 5cm; remove old and dead leaves twice from August to October; spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests; spray sodium molybdate on the leaves of newly planted sugarcane on the 50th, 60th and 70th days after sowing, with a spraying rate of 150g / hm 2 ;

[0109] 1.4) Harvest of newly planted sugarcane: harvesting sugarcane from late January to mid-February of the following year;

[0110] (2)Soybean cultivation

[0111] 2.1) Land preparation, deep ploughing, deep ploughing of 40 cm, fine harrowing to prevent compaction, loose top and solid bottom to facilitate seedling emergence, and two rows of legume planting are divided between the sugarcane rows, the legume planting row spacing is 30 cm, the legume planting hole spacing is 20 cm, and the legume planting row spacing is 45 cm from the sugarcane planting row;

[0112] 2.2) When sugarcane has 4 leaves, sow soybeans;

[0113] 2.3) When the soybean seedlings have grown to 2 leaves, spray the solution at 45L per mu, and then spray once every 18 days; the solution is carbendazim diluted to 1000 times;

[0114] 2.4) During the peak flowering and pod period of soybeans, combine the large-scale soiling of sugarcane with the greening, and use a sugarcane soiling machine to crush the soybean plants and return them to the field; and do a good job of field management to ensure appropriate soil moisture and control weeds and pests, promote the early growth of sugarcane, promote the formation of strong root systems and strong above-ground stems and leaves of sugarcane plants, and close the rows of sugarcane as soon as possible;

[0115] 2.5) Harvest soybeans promptly after they mature;

[0116] The soybeans are used for pressing one row and harvesting another row;

[0117] (3) Continue to intercrop soybeans in perennial sugarcane fields

[0118] After the sugarcane is harvested, the sugarcane leaves are collected and burned for use as sugarcane charcoal. The land is prepared for the leguminous planting rows, and the perennial roots are broken and loosened. Two rows of soybeans are sown when the ridges are broken and the roots are loosened. The planting method of soybeans is the same as that of soybeans in newly planted sugarcane fields. Sodium molybdate is sprayed on the sugarcane leaves on the 40th, 50th and 60th days after the perennial root sugarcane is broken and loosened. The spraying amount is 150g / hm 2 .

[0119] Example 5-2

[0120] In this example, soybeans were intercropped, the sugarcane variety was Guitang No. 11, and the soybean variety was Guichun No. 8. The difference from Example 5-1 was that 300 kg / hm2 of urea was applied. 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 5-1.

[0121] Example 6-1

[0122] In this embodiment, sugarcane is planted alone, the sugarcane variety is RB928064, and the rest of the planting method is the same as that of Example 3-1.

[0123] Example 6-2

[0124] In this example, sugarcane was planted alone, and the sugarcane variety was RB928064. The difference from Example 3-1 was that urea was applied at 300 kg / hm2. 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 3-1.

[0125] Example 7-1

[0126] In this embodiment, mung beans are intercropped, the sugarcane variety is RB928064, the mung bean variety is Zhonglu No. 8, and the rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 4-1.

[0127] Example 7-2

[0128] In this example, mung beans were intercropped, the sugarcane variety was RB928064, and the mung bean variety was Zhonglu No. 8. The difference from Example 4-1 was that 300 kg / hm2 of urea was applied. 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 4-1.

[0129] Example 8-1

[0130] In this embodiment, soybeans are intercropped, the sugarcane variety is RB928064, the soybean variety is Guichun No. 8, and the rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 5-1.

[0131] Example 8-2

[0132] In this example, soybeans were intercropped, the sugarcane variety was RB928064, and the soybean variety was Guichun No. 8. The difference from Example 5-1 was that 300 kg / hm2 of urea was applied. 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 5-1.

[0133] Example 9-1

[0134] In this embodiment, sugarcane is planted alone, and the sugarcane variety is Guitang 42. The rest of the planting method is the same as that of Example 3-1.

[0135] Example 9-2

[0136] In this example, sugarcane was planted alone, and the sugarcane variety was Guitang 42. The difference from Example 3-1 was that 300 kg / hm2 of urea was applied. 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 3-1.

[0137] Example 10-1

[0138] In this embodiment, mung beans are intercropped, the sugarcane variety is Guitang 42, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglu 8. The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 4-1.

[0139] Example 10-2

[0140] In this example, mung beans were intercropped. The sugarcane variety was Guitang 42 and the mung bean variety was Zhonglu 8. The difference from Example 4-1 was that 300 kg / hm2 of urea was applied. 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 4-1.

[0141] Example 11-1

[0142] In this embodiment, soybeans are intercropped, the sugarcane variety is Guitang 42, and the soybean variety is Guichun 8. The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 5-1.

[0143] Example 11-2

[0144] In this example, soybeans were intercropped, the sugarcane variety was Guitang 42, and the soybean variety was Guichun 8. The difference from Example 5-1 was that 300 kg / hm2 of urea was applied. 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 5-1.

[0145] Comparative Example 1-1

[0146] The sugarcane variety in this comparative example is RB928064, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglv No. 8. The difference from Example 1 is that the root irrigation liquid is replaced by biogas slurry, and the rest is the same.

[0147] Comparative Example 1-2

[0148] The sugarcane variety in this comparative example is RB928064, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglu No. 8. The difference from Example 1 is that the root irrigation liquid is applied once every 15 days, and 180 m3 is applied each time. 3 / mu, and the rest are the same.

[0149] Comparative Example 2-1

[0150] The sugarcane variety in this comparative example is RB928064, and the soybean variety is Guichun No. 8. The difference from Example 2 is that the root irrigation liquid is replaced by biogas liquid, and the rest is the same.

[0151] Comparative Example 2-2

[0152] The sugarcane variety in this comparative example is RB928064, and the soybean variety is Guichun No. 8. The difference from Example 2 is that the root irrigation liquid is applied once every 15 days, and 180 m 3 / mu, and the rest are the same.

[0153] Comparative Example 3

[0154] The sugarcane variety in this comparative example is RB928064, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglu No. 8. The difference from Example 1 is that the mung bean seeds are not mixed with a seed dressing liquid before sowing, and the rest are the same.

[0155] Comparative Example 4

[0156] The sugarcane variety in this comparative example is RB928064, and the soybean variety is Guichun No. 8. The difference from Example 2 is that the soybeans are not dressed with seed dressing liquid before sowing, and the rest are the same.

[0157] Sampling was carried out at the peak growth period of sugarcane. Six sugarcane plants were taken from each treatment. The soil attached to the roots of the plants was washed with water to remove it. The surface moisture of the plants was absorbed with absorbent paper. The roots were cut off at the base with scissors. The root segments of sugarcane were taken from 10-30 cm underground, the stem segments were taken from the 1-3 internodes at the base, and the leaves were taken from +3 leaves (the third leaf from the highest thick leaf). The roots, stems and leaves were dried separately and ground into powder to detect the nitrogen content of sugarcane in each treatment. At the maturity period of sugarcane, the plant height and stem diameter of 10 sugarcane plants were measured in each area and the average value was taken. When the sugarcane was harvested, the sugarcane yield was calculated.

[0158] Table 1 Total nitrogen content, nitrogen fixation efficiency and agronomic traits of newly planted sugarcane monoculture and intercropping with mung bean and soybean

[0159]

[0160]

[0161] Table 2 Total nitrogen content, nitrogen fixation efficiency and agronomic traits of ratoon sugarcane monoculture and intercropping with mung bean and soybean

[0162]

[0163]

[0164] Table 3 Yield of intercropping mung beans and soybeans in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-1-3

[0165]

[0166] From the planting conditions of the above embodiments, it can be seen that the planting method of intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane is different from conventional fertilization (300kg / hm 2 Compared with the urea method, the fertilizer application rate can be reduced by 50% (150kg / hm 2 Under the condition of urea, the plant height, stem diameter and plant nitrogen content of newly planted sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane were not affected, and the sugarcane yield was not much different; intercropping mung bean / soybean did not affect the stem diameter and plant nitrogen content of newly planted sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane. 2 Under the condition of urea, the sugarcane yield of sugarcane RB928064 intercropped with mung bean was improved and the plant height of ratoon sugarcane was significantly improved at the 5% level. The nitrogen fixation efficiency of new sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane reached 16.19% and 16.22% respectively, and the difference was significant at the 5% confidence level. The present invention can reduce fertilization and reasonably intercrop mung bean / soybean, release nitrogen-fixing bacteria after pressing green and combine with sugarcane, and improve the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane. In the flowering and pod stage, apply root irrigation solution once every 2 days, and apply 30-50m each time. 3 / mu, not only provides balanced and rich nutrients for the growth of mung bean plants, but also promotes the continued growth and elongation of old roots, and the regeneration and development of new roots, thereby effectively enhancing the root system's ability to absorb nutrients, promoting the healthy growth of bean plants, and enhancing their vitality. After the plants are pressed green, more nitrogen-fixing bacteria are released into the soil. Borax can promote the elongation of sugarcane internodes and have a positive impact on the yield and quality of sugarcane; quinoline copper can directly act on pathogens around the root system, protecting the sugarcane root system from disease invasion, thereby promoting the healthy growth of sugarcane; the combination of catechins, alginic acid, and naphthoxyacetic acid can induce mung bean / soybean flowering, prevent the shedding of flower pods, and thus increase the yield of mung bean / soybean; and although the flowering and pod stage is the peak period of water demand, excessive water will also aggravate root diseases, causing root rot and seedling death, poor plant growth, and premature aging, so the frequency of root irrigation solution application is controlled to 1-2 times every 2-3 days, and 30-50m 3 / mu is the best. When the weather is humid and rainy during the legume sowing period, legume sowing is very easy to breed bacteria. Soil seeds can be mixed with seed dressing liquid before sowing, which can effectively prevent and treat fungal diseases such as gray spot, leaf spot, downy mildew, etc. Sodium alginate and chitosan can also form a protective film on the surface of seeds to prevent the invasion of pathogens. At the same time, alfalfa extract can assist in antibacterial and stimulate seed germination and seedling growth and development.

[0167] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and demonstration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1) New sugarcane planting 1.1) Land preparation, deep ploughing, and sugarcane row spacing of 1.05-1.35m; 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut them into double-bud segments, sterilize the seed stems, and sow them in early February to early March; 1.3) After sugarcane seedlings emerge, apply urea at 140-160 kg / hm2 2 , calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 720-780kg / hm 2 , Potassium chloride 350-400kg / hm 2 , cover with soil after fertilization; spray sodium molybdate on the leaves of newly planted sugarcane on the 50th, 60th and 70th days after sowing, with a spraying rate of 140-155g / hm 2 ; 1.4) When the sugarcane has 3 to 5 leaves, two rows of legumes are sown, wherein the legumes are mung beans or soybeans; 1.5) Harvest of newly planted sugarcane: harvesting sugarcane from late January to mid-February of the following year; (2) Mung bean planting 2.1) Land preparation, deep ploughing, and dividing two rows of legume planting between the sugarcane rows. The legume planting row spacing is 25-35 cm, the legume planting hole spacing is 15-25 cm, and the legume planting row spacing is 40-50 cm from the sugarcane planting row; 2.2) When the sugarcane has 3-5 leaves, sow mung beans and apply organic fertilizer before sowing at a rate of 100-120 kg / hm2. 2 ; 2.3) Apply root irrigation solution during the flowering and pod formation period of mung beans; 2.4) During the peak flowering and pod period of mung beans, combine it with large-scale soil-raising with sugarcane to crush the green beans, use a sugarcane soil-raising machine to crush the beans, press the green beans back into the field, and then add soil; 2.5) Harvest mung beans promptly after they mature; The mung beans are used for pressing one row of green beans and for harvesting one row of green beans; (3)Soybean cultivation 3.1) Land preparation, deep ploughing, and dividing two rows of legume planting between the sugarcane rows. The legume planting row spacing is 25-35 cm, the legume planting hole spacing is 15-25 cm, and the legume planting row spacing is 40-50 cm from the sugarcane planting row; 3.2) When the sugarcane has 3-5 leaves, sow soybeans and apply organic fertilizer before sowing at a rate of 100-120 kg / hm2. 2 ; 3.3) Apply root irrigation solution during the flowering and pod formation stage of soybeans; 3.4) During the peak flowering and pod stage of soybeans, combine with large-scale soil-raising with sugarcane to crush the soybean plants and return them to the field using a sugarcane soil-raising machine; 3.5) Harvest soybeans promptly after they mature; The soybeans are used for pressing one row and harvesting another row; (4) Continue to intercrop mung beans or soybeans in perennial sugarcane fields After sugarcane is harvested, sugarcane leaves are collected and burned for use as sugarcane charcoal. The land is prepared for leguminous planting, and the perennial roots are broken and loosened. Two rows of mung beans or soybeans are sown when the ridges are broken and the roots are loosened. Sodium molybdate is sprayed on the sugarcane leaves on the 40th, 50th and 60th days after the perennial root sugarcane is broken and loosened. The spraying amount is 150g / hm 2 The planting method of mung beans or soybeans is the same as that of mung beans or soybeans in newly planted sugarcane fields.

2. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency in sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that the root irrigation solution comprises, by weight: 0.2-0.3 parts of borax, 0.5-1 parts of quinoline copper, 0.05-0.2 parts of catechins, 1-1.5 parts of alginic acid, 0.5-1.5 parts of naphthoxyacetic acid, and 200-300 parts of water.

3. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer comprises, by weight: 20-30 parts of sugarcane leaf charcoal, 5-10 parts of decomposed animal feces, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 3-6 parts of fruit residues, and 3-6 parts of rice husks.

4. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for disinfecting the seed stems in step 1.2) is to soak the seed stems in 1-2% lime water for 8-12 hours.

5. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the steps 2.2) and 3.2), when the weather is wet and rainy during the sowing period, the mung bean or soybean seeds are mixed with the seed dressing liquid before sowing, and 0.3-0.5 kg of the seed dressing liquid is used for every 100 kg of seeds.

6. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane according to claim 5, characterized in that: The seed dressing liquid comprises, by weight percentage, 6-10% of carbendazim, 3-5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-5% of chitosan, 0.5-2% of alfalfa extract, 1-3% of sodium alginate and 78.5-84% of water.

7. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane according to claim 2, characterized in that: The root irrigation solution includes, by weight: 0.25 parts of borax, 0.8 parts of quinoline copper, 0.1 parts of catechins, 1.2 parts of alginic acid, 1 part of naphthoxyacetic acid, and 250 parts of water.

8. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane according to claim 6, characterized in that: The seed dressing liquid comprises, by weight percentage, 7-9% of carbendazim, 3-4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-4% of chitosan, 0.8-1.3% of alfalfa extract, 1-2% of sodium alginate and 82.2-82.7% of water.

9. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of root irrigation solution applied to mung beans is 1-2 times every 2-3 days, with 30-50 m3 of water applied each time. 3 / mu, the amount of soybean applied is once every 2 days, 40-60m 3 / mu.

10. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sugarcane is Saccharum officinale RB928064, and the legume is mung bean.

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