Grazing-supplementary feeding combined regulation and control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of fattening Alba cashmere goats

Abstract

The invention provides a grazing-supplementary feeding combined regulation and control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of fattening Alba cashmere goats. The method specifically comprises the steps that the goat breeding scale is determined; grouping the goats; determining a goat grazing regulation and control mode; and determining a goat supplementary feeding regulation mode. According to the method, the grazing area, the everyday grazing duration and the grazing and returning time points of the fattening Alba cashmere goats are optimized and regulated, so that the energy additionally consumed by the goats due to defending against cold and excessive migration is reduced, and the ecological negative effect caused by excessive trampling and forage grass ingestion of the goats is also reduced; and sustainable grazing utilization of the grassland can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding, and in particular to a grazing-supplementary feeding combined regulation method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas cashmere goat fattening sheep. Background Art

[0002] The Albas Cashmere Goat is a special breed that lives in the desert grassland of Ordos. It is resistant to roughage, drought and strong in adaptability. Its cashmere is known as "soft gold" and its meat is known as "ginseng among meats". Therefore, grassland animal husbandry, which is mainly based on the Albas Cashmere Goat, has always been an important characteristic industry in Ordos. However, due to the extensive grassland grazing and goat breeding management, the grassland is facing an increasingly prominent "grass-livestock contradiction", which has led to the decline of grassland ecological functions and reduced goat production efficiency. The real solution to the "grass-livestock contradiction" problem must be regulated from both the "grass" and "livestock" aspects, and it can also be further transferred to the regulation of "grazing" and "supplementary feeding", because grazing regulation can maintain / improve the ecological function of grassland, and supplementary feeding regulation can further improve the production function of grazing livestock.

[0003] To date, the core target of grazing regulation has always been to determine the optimal grazing rate of grasslands, so as to ensure the stability of grassland ecological functions. Domestic and foreign scholars have proposed a series of grazing techniques and methods around the goal of "achieving grassland ecological protection", such as zoned rotational grazing technology, mixed grazing technology, and methods for calculating the optimal feeding intensity of grassland livestock. However, it is still necessary to further comprehensively consider the dynamic changes in grassland forage, the dynamic changes in regional climate, and the characteristics of livestock grazing behavior, and to explore in depth the grazing regulation model that takes into account grassland ecology and livestock production. In addition, relying solely on the improvement of grassland grazing technology cannot fully achieve the win-win development of grassland ecology and livestock production. It is still necessary to further develop efficient precise supplementary feeding regulation technology for grazing livestock. The research on supplementary feeding regulation of grazing livestock is extremely complex because the forage resources that grazing animals can eat on grasslands are variable and uncontrollable. To date, research on supplementary feeding of grazing livestock has mainly focused on: (1) mineral element supplementation, including research on the addition of mineral elements such as selenium and magnesium to grazing livestock; (2) energy and protein supplementation, including research on energy and protein supplementation in different seasons or special physiological periods of livestock; (3) non-protein nitrogen supplementation, and research on seasonal non-protein nitrogen supplementation based on changes in grassland forage nutrition. Obviously, current researchers on supplementary feeding technology have only considered the type of supplementary feed resources and the amount of supplementary feeding. There is still a lack of further research and development of precise supplementary feeding models based on the dynamic degradation characteristics of forage nutrition in grazing livestock within a day. Domestic grazing animals are mainly ruminants such as cattle and sheep, which mainly rely on powerful rumen microorganisms to degrade nutrients in forage. In fact, the activity of rumen microorganisms changes dynamically during the forage degradation process, and its changes are mainly affected by the rumen environment (pH). Generally, when the rumen pH is between 6.5 and 6.8, the activity of fiber-degrading bacteria in the rumen is strong, so the degradation effect of forage is better. Livestock will eat a full meal before returning to graze at night. During the feeding process, some acidic substances will be produced due to the degradation of grass by rumen microorganisms, causing the rumen pH to gradually drop to an environment suitable for the growth of fiber-degrading bacteria. Therefore, after returning from grazing, the rumen microorganisms are in a state of rapid degradation of grass. However, the traditional supplementary feeding mode happens to be to supplement concentrated feed after returning from grazing. The fermentation of concentrated feed in the rumen will quickly produce a large amount of acidic substances, causing the rumen pH to drop rapidly, thereby reducing the activity of rumen fiber-degrading bacteria and ultimately reducing the grass degradation rate. In addition, the rumen is in an empty state before grazing in the morning, and its pH is relatively high. If grazing is carried out directly, it will take some time for the pH to drop to an environment suitable for the growth of fiber-degrading bacteria, thus affecting the grass degradation rate.

[0004] It can be seen that the current research on livestock grazing and supplementary feeding regulation has certain defects, and it is urgent to further construct a suitable grazing-supplementary feeding joint regulation model to achieve sustainable and efficient production of grazing livestock. Therefore, the present invention takes grazing Albas cashmere goats as fattening sheep as target animals, and proposes a new grazing-supplementary feeding joint regulation model after long-term research and practical verification, which is of great significance for alleviating the "grass-livestock contradiction" and promoting the economic income of farmers and herdsmen. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical defects, the present invention provides a grazing-supplementary feeding combined regulation method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas cashmere goats, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. Determine the scale of goat breeding;

[0007] S2, grouping goats;

[0008] S3, determining the goat grazing regulation mode, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S31, determine goat grazing areas;

[0010] S32, determine the daily grazing duration of goats;

[0011] S33, determining the time for the goats to go out for grazing and the time for them to return to grazing;

[0012] S4, determining the goat supplementary feeding control mode, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S41, determining the time for supplementary feeding, specifically, the goats are supplemented with feeding in the morning before going out to graze and in the afternoon 3 hours after returning to graze during the period from June to October, and in the morning 2 hours before going out to graze and in the afternoon 4 hours after returning to graze during the period from November to May of the following year;

[0014] S42, determining the ratio of supplementary feeding amount at each supplementary feeding time point, specifically, the ratio of supplementary feeding amount of the goats in the morning and evening every day from June to October is 1:2, and the ratio of supplementary feeding amount of the goats in the morning and evening every day from November to May of the following year is 1:1;

[0015] S43, determining a daily supplementary feeding amount, specifically, a daily supplementary feeding amount of the goat from June to October is 1% of its body weight, and a daily supplementary feeding amount of 2% of its body weight from November to May of the following year.

[0016] Preferably, step S1 of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] S11, calculate the goat forage dry matter intake FDMI, unit is Kg / day:

[0018] FDMI=0.0262×BW+0.001

[0019] Among them, BW is the fasting body weight of goats, in kg;

[0020] S12, calculate the feeding time ratio H of goats grazing on grassland:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, Ft is the feeding time of goats on the grassland in one day, in h, and Dt is the feeding time of goats under grazing all day, in h;

[0023] S13, calculate the maximum number of fattening goats A, in units of pieces:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, F is the yield of edible grass for sheep per unit area of ​​grassland, kg / hectare; U is the reasonable grassland utilization rate of 45% to 50%; S is the area of ​​grassland available for fattening goats by ranchers, hectares.

[0026] Preferably, step S2 of the present invention is specifically to group the goats according to age and gender, and then group the goats of the same gender and similar age according to weight, wherein the age grouping standard is that the age fluctuation range of the goats in the group is the average age of the group (d) ±10d, and the weight grouping standard is that the weight fluctuation range of the goats in the group is 5% of the average weight of the group.

[0027] Preferably, the goat grazing area in step S31 of the present invention is to preferentially select high-quality grassland areas from the pasture for fattening goat grazing, and set different grazing areas in the grassland area so that the goats are only grazed in an area of ​​60 to 80 hectares each time.

[0028] Preferably, the goat grazing duration in step S32 of the present invention is 3.5 hours each in the morning and afternoon from June to October each year, and 5 hours each day from November to May of the following year.

[0029] Preferably, in step S33 of the present invention, the time for the goats to go out and return to graze every morning from June to October is determined according to the sunrise time, and the time for the goats to go out and return to graze every afternoon is determined according to the sunset time; and the time for the goats to go out and return to graze every day from November to May of the following year is determined according to the time of the highest daytime temperature.

[0030] More preferably, in step S33 of the present invention, the goats go out to graze in the morning from June to October at 06:00 and return to graze at 09:30; and the go out to graze in the afternoon at 16:00 and return to graze at 19:30.

[0031] More preferably, in step S33 of the present invention, the goats go out to pasture at 10:00 and return to pasture at 15:00 during November to May of the following year.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) The present invention optimizes and regulates the grazing area, daily grazing duration, and grazing and returning time of the Albas cashmere goats, thereby not only reducing the extra energy consumed by the goats due to cold-keeping and excessive wandering, but also reducing the negative ecological effects caused by excessive trampling and grazing of grass by the goats, thereby helping to achieve sustainable grazing utilization of grasslands;

[0034] (2) The present invention is based on the understanding of the nutritional digestion and metabolism laws of rumen forage in fattening Albas Cashmere goats and the changing laws of grassland forage nutritional supply. On the basis of optimizing the grazing pattern, the present invention further improves the production efficiency of goats by regulating the supplementary feeding time of goats, the proportion of supplementary feeding at each supplementary feeding time point and the daily supplementary feeding amount, which helps to achieve cost savings and efficiency improvement in goat breeding and promote economic income growth for farmers and herdsmen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the goat grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of weight gain of goats under different supplementary feeding modes;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the growth efficiency of goats under different supplementary feeding modes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A grazing-supplementary feeding combined regulation method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Arbas cashmere goats. Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0041] S1. Determine the scale of goat breeding

[0042] Since overgrazing will lead to grassland ecological damage, and light grazing will affect the economic income of farmers and herdsmen, it is necessary to first determine the appropriate scale of goat breeding, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0043] S11, calculate goat forage dry matter intake (FDMI, kg / day):

[0044] FDMI=0.0262×BW+0.001=0.0262×40+0.001=1.05

[0045] Among them, BW is the fasting body weight of the goat, which is 40 kg;

[0046] S12, calculate the feeding time ratio (H) of goats grazing on grassland:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, Ft is the time goats spend on the grass to eat in one day, which is 6 hours, and Dt is the time goats spend on the grass to eat when they are grazing all day, which is 10 hours;

[0049] S13, calculate the maximum number of fattening goats (A, each):

[0050]

[0051] Among them, F is the edible grass yield per unit area of ​​grassland for sheep, 400 kg / hectare, U is the reasonable grassland utilization rate of 0.45, and S is the area of ​​grassland available to ranchers for fattening goat breeding, 240 hectares.

[0052] S2: Grouping goats

[0053] Since the growth rates of goats of different ages and genders are different, the goats need to be grouped according to age (the maximum fluctuation range is the average age of the group (d) ± 10d) and gender (male, female); then the goats are grouped according to weight (kg), among which the maximum fluctuation range of the weight of meat sheep in the group is 5% of the average weight of the group, that is, the average weight of the group (kg) × 95% ≤ the individual weight of the group (kg) ≤ the average weight of the group (kg) × 105%; 187 male goats were selected according to the above grouping criteria.

[0054] S3: Determine the goat grazing regulation mode, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0055] S31, determine goat grazing areas;

[0056] Priority is given to selecting the best quality 120 hectares of grassland from the pasture for grazing fattening goats, and setting up two 60-hectare grazing areas within the grassland area so that the goats can only graze within the area at a time, thereby optimizing the goat's walking distance and reducing trampling and unnecessary energy consumption.

[0057] S32, determine the daily grazing duration of goats;

[0058] According to observations, goats can complete a full meal every 3 hours, so they graze for 3.5 hours in the morning and afternoon every day from June to October when the nutritional value of the grass is higher. In addition, since the nutritional value of the grass is lower and the weather is cold at other times, goats graze for 5 hours a day from November to May of the following year.

[0059] S33, determining the time for the goats to go out for grazing and the time for them to return to grazing;

[0060] Since goats prefer to eat at sunrise and sunset, goats are grazed at sunrise every morning from June to October and return to pasture after 3.5 hours of grazing. They are also grazed in the afternoon for 3.5 hours and return to pasture just in time for sunset. Specifically, the morning grazing time is 06:00 and the return time is 09:30, and the afternoon grazing time is 16:00 and the return time is 19:30. In addition, since the nutritional value of forage is lower and the weather is cold in winter and spring, goats are grazed during the period of the highest temperature every day from November to May of the following year. Specifically, the goats are grazed at 10:00 every day and return to pasture at 15:00.

[0061] S4: Determine the supplementary feeding control mode, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0062] S41, determining the supplementary feeding time;

[0063] Based on the understanding of the dynamic laws of nutrient digestion and metabolism of forage in the rumen of goats, goats are given supplementary feed in the morning before going out to graze and 3 hours after returning to graze in the afternoon from June to October, and in the morning before going out to graze and 4 hours after returning to graze in the afternoon from November to May of the following year.

[0064] S42, determining the ratio of supplementary feeding amount at each supplementary feeding time point;

[0065] The ratio of supplementary feeding amount in the morning and evening for goats from June to October is 1:2, and the ratio of supplementary feeding amount in the morning and evening is 1:1 from November to May of the following year.

[0066] S33, determining the daily supplementary feeding amount.

[0067] The daily supplementary feeding amount of goats during June to October is 1% of their body weight, and the daily supplementary feeding amount during November to May of the following year is 2% of their body weight. The supplementary feeding diet is a goat-specific concentrate supplement sold in the local market.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] The experimental site is located in the desert grassland of Otog Banner in the west of Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (38°18′—40°11′N, 106°41′—108°54′E), and the experimental time is from August 1, 2024 to October 1, 2024.

[0070] The experiment selected 500 mu of grassland and 48 meat-producing Albas cashmere goats with similar body weight (21.2±2.05kg) and age (118.6±6.85d) for grazing and feeding experiments. A total of 4 treatment groups (12 goats in each group) were set up, including: (1) high-dose (daily feeding amount was 1.5% of body weight) feeding group 0 hours after grazing (H0); (2) high-dose feeding group before grazing in the morning and 3 hours after returning to grazing in the evening (H03, 1 / 3 of the daily feeding dose for morning feeding and 2 / 3 of the daily feeding dose for evening feeding); (3) low-dose (daily feeding amount was 1.0% of body weight) feeding group 0 hours after grazing (L0); (6) low-dose feeding group before grazing in the morning and 3 hours after returning to grazing in the evening (L03, 1 / 3 of the daily feeding dose for morning feeding and 2 / 3 of the daily feeding dose for evening feeding).

[0071] During the entire experiment, the goats were grazing at 06:00 in the morning and returned to grazing at 09:30, and grazing at 16:00 in the afternoon and returned to grazing at 19:30. The goats were free to drink water during this period. After returning to grazing in the evening, the goats were assigned to separate feeding pens for supplementary feeding. At the same time, the goats were weighed every week to calculate the average daily weight gain of the goats, and the growth efficiency of the goats was further calculated based on the amount of supplementary feed for the goats. The specific calculation formula is: goat growth efficiency (%) = average daily weight gain of mutton sheep (g / d) / supplementary feeding amount (g) × 100. The larger the value, the higher the growth efficiency.

[0072] The results show that:

[0073] (1) Figure 2 As shown in the data, the average daily weight gain (ADG) of goats fed in the morning and evening in the high-dose (H03) and low-dose (L03) supplementary feeding was significantly higher than that of goats fed traditionally after grazing under the corresponding doses (H0 and L0) (P<0.05). At the same time, under the supplementary feeding mode of 0 hours after grazing, the ADG of goats in the high-dose group (H0) was significantly higher than that in the low-dose group (L0) (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the daily weight gain of goats in the high-dose and low-dose groups under the supplementary feeding mode of morning and evening (P>0.05). The above results indicate that supplementary feeding before grazing in the morning and 3 hours after returning to grazing in the evening can better promote the growth of goats.

[0074] (2) Figure 3 As shown, the growth efficiency (GE) of goats fed in the morning and evening in high-dose (H03) and low-dose (L03) supplementary feeding was significantly higher than that of goats fed with traditional post-grazing supplementary feeding at the corresponding doses (H0 and L0) (P<0.05). At the same time, the GE of the L03 group was significantly higher than that of goats in other groups (P<0.05). The results showed that giving goats a supplementary feeding amount of 1% of their body weight in the morning and evening supplementary feeding mode can effectively improve the growth efficiency of goats.

[0075] in, Figure 2 , 3ADG is average daily gain (g / d), GE is growth efficiency (%), H0 is the high-dose (daily supplementary feeding amount is 1.5% of body weight) supplementary feeding group 0 hours after grazing, H03 is the high-dose supplementary feeding group before morning grazing and 3 hours after returning to grazing in the evening (1 / 3 of the supplementary feeding dose on the morning supplementary feeding day, 2 / 3 of the supplementary feeding dose on the evening supplementary feeding day), L0 is the low-dose (daily supplementary feeding amount is 1.0% of body weight) supplementary feeding group 0 hours after grazing, L03 is the low-dose supplementary feeding group before morning grazing and 3 hours after returning to grazing in the evening (1 / 3 of the supplementary feeding dose on the morning supplementary feeding day, 2 / 3 of the supplementary feeding dose on the evening supplementary feeding day); different letters (a, b, c) in each figure represent significant differences among different grazing patterns (P<0.05).

[0076] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grazing-supplementary feeding combined regulation method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas cashmere goats, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Determine the scale of goat breeding; S2, grouping goats; S3, determining the goat grazing regulation mode, comprising the following steps: S31, determine goat grazing areas; S32, determine the daily grazing duration of goats; S33, determining the time for the goats to go out for grazing and the time for them to return to grazing; S4, determining the goat supplementary feeding control mode, comprising the following steps: S41, determining the time for supplementary feeding, specifically, the goats are supplemented with feeding in the morning before going out to graze and in the afternoon 3 hours after returning to graze during the period from June to October, and in the morning 2 hours before going out to graze and in the afternoon 4 hours after returning to graze during the period from November to May of the following year; S42, determining the ratio of supplementary feeding amount at each supplementary feeding time point, specifically, the ratio of supplementary feeding amount of the goats in the morning and evening every day from June to October is 1:2, and the ratio of supplementary feeding amount of the goats in the morning and evening every day from November to May of the following year is 1:1; S43, determining a daily supplementary feeding amount, specifically, a daily supplementary feeding amount of the goat from June to October is 1% of its body weight, and a daily supplementary feeding amount of 2% of its body weight from November to May of the following year.

2. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, calculate the goat forage dry matter intake FDMI, unit is Kg / day: FDMI=0.0262×BW+0.001 Among them, BW is the fasting body weight of goats, in kg; S12, calculate the feeding time ratio H of goats grazing on grassland: Among them, Ft is the feeding time of goats on the grassland in one day, in h, and Dt is the feeding time of goats under grazing all day, in h; S13, calculate the maximum number of fattening goats A, in units of pieces: Among them, F is the yield of edible grass for sheep per unit area of ​​grassland, kg / hectare; U is the reasonable grassland utilization rate of 45% to 50%; S is the area of ​​grassland available for fattening goats by ranchers, hectares.

3. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 specifically groups the goats according to age and gender, and then groups the goats of the same gender and similar age according to weight, wherein the age grouping standard is that the age fluctuation range of the goats in the group is the average age of the group (d) ± 10d, and the weight grouping standard is that the weight fluctuation range of the goats in the group is 5% of the average weight of the group.

4. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The goat grazing area in step S31 is to preferentially select high-quality grassland areas from the pasture for fattening goat grazing, and set different grazing areas in the grassland area so that the goats can graze only in an area of ​​60 to 80 hectares each time.

5. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The goat grazing duration in step S32 is 3.5 hours each in the morning and afternoon from June to October each year, and 5 hours each day from November to May of the following year.

6. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S33, the time for the goats to go out and return to graze in the morning from June to October is determined according to the sunrise time, and the time for the goats to go out and return to graze in the afternoon is determined according to the sunset time. The time for the goats to go out and return to graze every day from November to May of the following year is determined according to the time of the highest daytime temperature.

7. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step S33, the goats go out to pasture in the morning from June to October at 06:00 and return to pasture at 09:30; the goats go out to pasture in the afternoon at 16:00 and return to pasture at 19:

30.

8. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step S33, the goats go out to pasture at 10:00 from November to May of the following year and return to pasture at 15:00.

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