Feed additive for improving production performance of laying hens at last egg laying stage and use method of feed additive

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding, and particularly discloses a feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the last egg laying period and a use method of the feed additive, and the feed additive is prepared from chlorella, haematococcus pluvialis and spirulina according to the mass ratio of 1: 1: 1 or 3: 1: 1 or 1: 1: 3 or 1: 3: 1. The feed additive is added into laying hen feed according to the mass ratio of 0.5%, and the laying hens are fed after being uniformly mixed. Compared with the prior art, the feed additive disclosed by the invention can effectively improve the production performance and the egg laying performance of laying hens at the last stage of egg laying, meanwhile, the yolk color of eggs is brighter and ruddy, the color of the yolk is improved, and the sensory quality of the eggs is improved; when the proportion of the spirulina is low, the content of various unsaturated fatty acids in eggs of laying hens in the last egg laying period can be effectively improved, the nutritional level of the eggs is improved, but the accumulation of the total fatty acid content in the eggs cannot be promoted in the composite algae powder feed additive with the proportion of the spirulina; therefore, it is finally determined that the feed additive is prepared from chlorella, haematococcus pluvialis and spirulina according to the ratio of 3: 1: 1.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of poultry breeding, in particular to a feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying stage and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Studies have shown that after the peak egg-laying period, as the age of laying hens increases, feed efficiency decreases, estrogen secretion in laying hens decreases, egg production decreases, eggshells become thinner, eggshell strength decreases, soft-shell eggs and other deformed eggs increase, egg breakage rate increases, egg internal quality deteriorates, and the immunity of laying hens decreases. These phenomena gradually appear, which will bring serious economic losses to the breeding industry. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the production performance and egg quality of laying hens in the late egg-laying period. However, some existing feed additives are not designed for this specific period. Therefore, laying hens in the late egg-laying period have insufficient nutritional supplements in their diets, which can easily cause bone metabolic diseases in laying hens, resulting in reduced egg production and even poor egg quality.

[0003] Microalgae are aquatic single-cell microorganisms that can carry out photosynthesis. They are rich in protein, lipids, carbohydrates and trace elements. They are a biological resource with broad application prospects. As a feed additive, they may provide precise nutritional supplements for laying hens in the late laying period, improve physiological functions, enhance production performance and egg-laying performance, and extend the commercial value of laying hens.

[0004] However, due to the wide variety of microalgae, different algae contain different nutrients, and there is still a lack of composite algae powder feed additive formulas that can improve the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying period, so that the biological functionality of microalgae cannot be better reflected. Therefore, how to comprehensively utilize the advantages of various algae and study a feed additive that improves the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying period is an urgent problem that technicians in this field need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying period and a method of using the feed additive.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented according to the following technical solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention provides a feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying stage, which is composed of Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 or 3:1:1 or 1:1:3 or 1:3:1.

[0008] Preferably, the feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying stage consists of Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina in a mass ratio of 3:1:1.

[0009] Furthermore, the Haematococcus pluvialis contains 1.5% astaxanthin.

[0010] The second technical solution of the present invention provides a method for using a feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying stage. The feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying stage is added to the laying hen feed at a weight ratio of 0.5%, mixed evenly and then fed.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the feed additive of the present invention can effectively improve the production performance and egg-laying performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying period. At the same time, since Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina are rich in xanthophylls and carotenoids, and Haematococcus pluvialis is rich in astaxanthin, the color of the egg yolk is brighter and ruddy, the yolk color is improved, and the sensory quality of the egg is improved; however, there are different synergistic effects between the composite algae powder feed additives in different ratios. The composite algae powder feeds of Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina in the ratios of 1:1:1, 3:1:1, and 1:3:1 The additive formula can effectively increase the content of various unsaturated fatty acids in the eggs of laying hens in the late egg-laying stage and improve the nutritional level of the eggs. However, the composite algae powder feed additive in which Spirulina accounts for a relatively high proportion cannot promote the accumulation of total fatty acid content in eggs. Therefore, the ratio of the composite algae powder of Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina needs to be strictly designed and controlled. Finally, from the perspective of economic benefit, since the cost of Haematococcus pluvialis is higher, the present invention finally determines that the composite algae powder ratio of Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina is 3:1:1, which is better as a feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying stage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the invention.

[0013] The following examples were conducted in the Chuangang Poultry Experimental Field in Xinxing County, Yunfu City, Guangdong Province. The laying hens raised were Jingfen No. 6 laying hens. 720 commercial Jingfen No. 6 laying hens of 76 weeks of age, health, egg-laying performance and similar weight were selected. The laying hens were grouped according to a completely random method. There were 5 groups in the experiment, each with 6 replicates, and 24 chickens in each replicate. After 1 week of pre-feeding with the basic feed for laying hens, different composite algae powders were added for 6 weeks. During this period, the egg production rate, chicken weight, egg weight and egg quality data were collected every week, and freeze-dried egg samples were collected in replicates for the detection of the unsaturated fatty acid content in the eggs. The specific formula of the basic feed for laying hens used is as follows:

[0014] Corn 60%: As the main energy source, corn has the best palatability; Sorghum 6%: Provides additional energy and fiber; Barley 12%: Provides energy and fiber; Soybean cake 10%: Provides protein and energy; Fish meal 3%: Provides high-quality protein and essential amino acids; Shell powder 0.7%: Provides calcium; Sophora japonica leaf powder 5%: Provides vitamins and minerals; Bone meal 2.7%: Provides calcium and phosphorus; Salt 0.3%: Maintains electrolyte balance; Vino Egg Chicken High Dimension 0.1%: Provides vitamins; Vino Mycocyanin Multi-Mineral 0.1%: Provides minerals; Vino Complex Probiotics 0.1%: Promotes intestinal health.

[0015] The Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis (containing 1.5% astaxanthin) and Spirulina used in the following examples are all commercially available dry algae powders.

[0016] Example 1

[0017] Weigh 1.2 kg of Chlorella, 1.2 kg of Haematococcus pluvialis (containing 1.5% astaxanthin) and 1.2 kg of Spirulina, put them into a mixer, mix for 2 to 3 minutes to obtain the product, add the obtained product to the basic feed of the first group of laying hens at a ratio of 0.5%, mix well and feed.

[0018] Example 2

[0019] Weigh 2.2 kg of Chlorella, 0.7 kg of Haematococcus pluvialis and 0.7 kg of Spirulina into a mixer and mix for 2 to 3 minutes to obtain the product. Add the obtained product to the basic feed of laying hens in the second test group at a ratio of 0.5%, mix well and then feed.

[0020] Example 3

[0021] Weigh 0.7 kg of Chlorella, 0.7 kg of Haematococcus pluvialis and 2.2 kg of Spirulina into a mixer and mix for 2 to 3 minutes to obtain the product. Add the obtained product to the basic feed of laying hens in the third experimental group at a ratio of 0.5%, mix well and then feed.

[0022] Example 4

[0023] Weigh 0.7 kg of Chlorella, 2.2 kg of Haematococcus pluvialis and 0.7 kg of Spirulina into a mixer and mix for 2 to 3 minutes to obtain the product. Add the obtained product to the basic feed of laying hens in the fourth experimental group at a ratio of 0.5%, mix well and then feed.

[0024] Comparative Example 1

[0025] The fifth experimental group of laying hens were fed without any additives.

[0026] The specific experimental results are as follows:

[0027] 1. Egg production rate determination

[0028] To facilitate egg picking and measurement, the egg production rate was calculated by dividing the number of eggs obtained in each group from 8:30 am to 8:30 am the next day by 144 eggs in each group and expressed as %. The effects of different treatments on the egg production rate of laying hens in the late laying period are shown in Table 1.

[0029] Table 1

[0030] Grouping Week 0 Week 3 Week 6 Comparative Example 1 <![CDATA[83.8±1.45 a ]]> <![CDATA[79.58±2.12 b ]]> <![CDATA[75±1.7 c ]]> Example 1 <![CDATA[76.94±2.92 a ]]> <![CDATA[77.36±0.62 a ]]> <![CDATA[76.74±1.52 a ]]> Example 2 <![CDATA[80.9±1.65 a ]]> <![CDATA[83.1±2.12 a ]]> <![CDATA[80.04±2.25 a ]]> Example 3 <![CDATA[77.78±1.97 a ]]> <![CDATA[78.45±1.71 a ]]> <![CDATA[77.39±2.37 a ]]> Example 4 <![CDATA[78.47±1.39 a ]]> <![CDATA[84.55±1.19 b ]]> <![CDATA[82.2±1.61 b ]]>

[0031] Note: Data in the same industry with the same lowercase letters or no letters in the shoulder indicate no significant difference (p>0.05), and data with completely different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p<0.05).

[0032] It can be seen from Table 1 that: in the case of feeding laying hens without any additives in comparative example 1, the egg production rate showed a significant downward trend with the increase of age; while the egg production rate of all test groups fed with the composite algae powder feed additive increased in the 3rd week, indicating that the composite algae powder feed additive of the present invention effectively prolongs the egg production rate of laying hens in the late laying period; in addition, Example 4 not only prolongs the egg production rate of laying hens in the late laying period, but also significantly improves its egg production rate with the increase of feeding time, and compared with the composite algae powder feed additive formula of other test groups, it has a significantly greater feeding effect.

[0033] 2. Laying hen weight measurement

[0034] One laying hen was selected as a replicate and a leg ring was attached to it. Its weight changes were tracked every week and expressed in kg. The effects of different treatments on the average weight of laying hens at the end of egg production are shown in Table 2.

[0035] Table 2

[0036] Grouping Week 0 Week 3 Week 6 Comparative Example 1 1.93±0.11 1.91±0.13 1.88±0.12 Example 1 1.79±0.19 1.84±0.14 1.86±0.15 Example 2 1.91±0.19 1.94±0.21 1.99±0.23 Example 3 1.74±0.26 1.79±0.2 1.8±0.22 Example 4 1.9±0.11 1.91±0.11 1.96±0.15

[0037] Note: The same lowercase letters or no letters in the same data indicate no significant difference (p>0.05), and completely different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p<0.05). However, since the laying hens whose weights were tracked and recorded in the later stage of the present invention were randomly selected, the weight errors between individual laying hens were slightly large, which was not conducive to significant analysis.

[0038] As shown in Table 2, the average weight of chickens in Comparative Example 1 gradually decreased with the increase of feeding time, while all test groups fed with composite algae powder feed additive increased with the increase of feeding time. In addition, further analysis between the test groups shows that Example 1 and Example 3 have basically reached saturation in the third week of feeding, and the average weight growth rate of laying hens in the later feeding tends to be flat, while Example 2 and Example 4 still grow rapidly in the sixth week. It can be seen that Example 2 and Example 4 are more helpful to extend the use value of laying hens in the late egg-laying period.

[0039] 3. Average egg weight determination

[0040] The effects of different treatments on the average egg weight of laying hens at the end of laying period are shown in Table 3.

[0041] Table 3

[0042] Grouping Week 0 Week 3 Week 6 Comparative Example 1 <![CDATA[60.78±2.94 a ]]> <![CDATA[62.54±2.83 a ]]> <![CDATA[63.13±2.38 a ]]> Example 1 <![CDATA[58.29±2.54 a ]]> <![CDATA[67.15±2.72 b ]]> <![CDATA[67.2±3.55 b ]]> Example 2 <![CDATA[60.33±2.82 a ]]> <![CDATA[65.17±2.75 ab ]]> <![CDATA[65.22±1.66 b ]]> Example 3 <![CDATA[61.39±1.94 a ]]> <![CDATA[66.52±2.52 b ]]> <![CDATA[68.58±3.99 b ]]> Example 4 <![CDATA[59.52±1.78 a ]]> <![CDATA[65.65±1 b ]]> <![CDATA[69±3.11 b ]]>

[0043] Note: Data in the same industry with the same lowercase letters or no letters in the shoulder indicate no significant difference (p>0.05), and data with completely different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p<0.05).

[0044] It can be seen from Table 3 that in Comparative Example 1, when the laying hens were fed with feed without any additives, the average egg weight showed a significant downward trend with the increase of age; while the average egg weight of all experiments fed with the composite algae powder feed additive increased significantly with the increase of the feeding cycle, and the growth trend of the average egg weight of Example 4 increased significantly during the 6 weeks of feeding, showing a greater feeding effect.

[0045] 4. Egg quality determination

[0046] The effects of different treatments on egg quality of laying hens at the end of the 6th week of laying are shown in Table 4.

[0047] Table 4

[0048] project Comparative Example 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Egg shape index <![CDATA[1.35±0.02 a ]]> <![CDATA[1.38±0.01 ab ]]> <![CDATA[1.39±0.01 b ]]> <![CDATA[1.39±0.02 ab ]]> <![CDATA[1.37±0.02 ab ]]> Eggshell thickness <![CDATA[0.34 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.38±0.02 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.36±0.02 ab ]]> <![CDATA[0.35±0.02 ab ]]> <![CDATA[0.37±0.01 b ]]> Eggshell strength <![CDATA[3.06±0.88 a ]]> <![CDATA[4.72±0.71 b ]]> <![CDATA[3.54±0.39 a ]]> <![CDATA[3.79±0.21 a ]]> <![CDATA[4.09±0.48 ab ]]> Haugh unit <![CDATA[63.42±1.83 a ]]> <![CDATA[69.48±2.79 b ]]> <![CDATA[68.14±2 b ]]> <![CDATA[78.03±3.32 c ]]> <![CDATA[70.78±3.88 bc ]]> Egg yolk color <![CDATA[8.78±0.44 a ]]> <![CDATA[13.56±1.01 bc ]]> <![CDATA[12.13±0.35 b ]]> <![CDATA[12.14±0.38 b ]]> <![CDATA[14.5±0.53 c ]]>

[0049] Note: The yolk color measured by the ORKA multifunctional egg quality test analyzer is divided into 1-16 shades, and is a tool specifically used to evaluate the yolk color.

[0050] Note: Data in the same industry with the same lowercase letters or no letters in the shoulder indicate no significant difference (p>0.05), and data with completely different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p<0.05).

[0051] As can be seen from Table 4: the present invention compares the egg quality in the last week of the experiment, i.e., the 6th week, and finds that the egg quality of Example 1 fed with the composite algae powder feed additive is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, except that the egg shape index is not significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, and the eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, Haugh unit and egg yolk color are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1; the egg quality of Example 2 fed with the composite algae powder feed additive is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, except that the eggshell thickness and eggshell strength are not significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1, and the egg shape index, Haugh unit and egg yolk color are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1; the egg quality of Example 3 fed with the composite algae powder feed additive is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, except that the egg shape index, eggshell thickness and eggshell strength are not significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1, and the Haugh unit and egg yolk color are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1; the egg quality of Example 4 fed with the composite algae powder feed additive is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, except that the egg shape index and eggshell strength are not significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1, and the eggshell thickness, Haugh unit and egg yolk color are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1. Therefore, the composite algae powder feed additive of the present invention generally improves the egg quality of laying hens in the late laying period, and increases and prolongs their commercial value.

[0052] 5. Determination of unsaturated fatty acid content in eggs

[0053] The effects of different treatments on the unsaturated fatty acid content of eggs from laying hens at the end of the 6th week of laying are shown in Table 5.

[0054] Table 5

[0055] project Comparative Example 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 DHA <![CDATA[0.36±0.02 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.46±0.01 d ]]> <![CDATA[0.44 c ]]> <![CDATA[0.32±0.01 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.46±0.01 d ]]> DPA <![CDATA[0.07 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.09±0.01 c ]]> <![CDATA[0.08 c ]]> <![CDATA[0.06 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.08 c ]]> Eicosadienoic acid <![CDATA[0.1 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.11±0.01 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.11±0.01 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.1 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.15 b ]]> Cis-Arachidonic Acid <![CDATA[1.31 b ]]> <![CDATA[1.58±0.04 d ]]> <![CDATA[1.46 c ]]> <![CDATA[1.23 a ]]> <![CDATA[1.43±0.01 c ]]> Stearic acid <![CDATA[4.39 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.46±0.01 d ]]> <![CDATA[5.2 c ]]> <![CDATA[4.14±0.17 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.04±0.03 b ]]> Heptadecanoic acid <![CDATA[0.09 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.12 d ]]> <![CDATA[0.1 c ]]> <![CDATA[0.08 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.12 d ]]> α-linolenic acid <![CDATA[0.22±0.01 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.25±0.01 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.27 c ]]> <![CDATA[0.21±0.01 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.32 d ]]> Gamma-linolenic acid <![CDATA[0.07 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.08±0.01 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.08±0.01 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.06 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.07 b ]]> Total fatty acid content <![CDATA[47.31±3.67 a ]]> <![CDATA[61.32±1.21 b ]]> <![CDATA[59.12±0.62 b ]]> <![CDATA[50.12±1.97 a ]]> <![CDATA[60.77±0.46 b ]]>

[0056] Note: Data in the same industry with the same lowercase letters or no letters in the shoulder indicate no significant difference (p>0.05), and data with completely different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p<0.05).

[0057] As can be seen from Table 5: the present invention measured the fatty acid content of eggs in the last week of the experiment, i.e., the 6th week, and found that the various fatty acids in Examples 1, 2, and 4 fed with the composite algae powder feed additive were significantly higher than those in Comparative Example 1, and the total fatty acid content was also significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 1; however, the total fatty acid content of Example 3 was not significantly different from that in Comparative Example 1, and even some unsaturated fatty acids were significantly lower than those in Comparative Example 1, namely DHA, DPA, cis-arachidonic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and γ-linolenic acid.

[0058] Based on this result, the composite algae powder feed additives of Example 1 and Example 3 were compared. The reason why Example 3 could not significantly increase the total fatty acid content in eggs may be that the proportion of Spirulina in the composite algae powder formula was relatively high, indicating that Spirulina was not the main reason for the increase in the total fatty acid content in eggs; and the unsaturated fatty acid content of eggs fed with the composite algae powder feed additive of Example 2 was significantly higher than that of Example 3. By comparing the ratio of the composite algae powder of the two, it was found that the proportion of Chlorella in Example 2 was higher than that of Example 3, which indicated that Chlorella may be one of the main sources of increased fatty acids in eggs; at the same time, the composite algae powder feed additive of Example 2 was compared with Example 4, and the total fatty acid content in eggs was not significantly different, and even some unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher than those in Example 2, which also proved that Haematococcus pluvialis was also one of the sources of increased fatty acids in eggs, and its effect was better than Chlorella.

[0059] In summary, the 4 kinds of composite algae powder feed additives with different ratios of the present invention all effectively improve the production performance and egg-laying performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying period. At the same time, since Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina are rich in xanthophylls and carotenoids, and Haematococcus pluvialis is rich in astaxanthin, the egg yolk color is brighter and ruddy, the egg yolk color is improved, and the sensory quality of eggs is improved. However, there are different synergies between composite algae powder feed additives with different ratios. The composite algae powder feed additive formula of Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina in the ratio of 1:1:1, 3:1:1 and 1:3:1 can effectively improve the content of various unsaturated fatty acids in the eggs of laying hens in the late egg-laying period, and improve the nutritional level of eggs, but in the composite algae powder feed additive with a relatively high proportion of Spirulina, the accumulation of total fatty acid content in eggs cannot be promoted, so the composite algae powder ratio of Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina needs to be strictly designed and controlled. Finally, from the perspective of economic benefit, due to the higher cost of Haematococcus pluvialis, the present invention finally selected the composite algae powder with a ratio of 3:1:1 of Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina as a feed additive to improve the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying period.

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. All technical variations made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying period, characterized in that: It is composed of Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 or 3:1:1 or 1:1:3 or 1:3:

1.

2. The feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying period according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is composed of Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis and Spirulina in a mass ratio of 3:1:

1.

3. The feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying period according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Haematococcus pluvialis contains 1.5% astaxanthin.

4. A method for using the feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late laying period as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The feed additive for improving the production performance of laying hens in the late egg-laying stage is added into the laying hen feed at a weight ratio of 0.5%, and the mixture is evenly mixed before feeding.