Phase change cold storage equipment with balanced cold charging and releasing

Abstract

The invention discloses phase change cold storage equipment with balanced cold charge and release, a cold storage module is arranged in a secondary refrigerant runner of the equipment, the cold storage module comprises a plurality of groups of cold storage assemblies, each group of cold storage assembly comprises a plurality of cold storage plates arranged side by side, and a gap for circulation of a secondary refrigerant is formed between every two adjacent cold storage plates; the thicknesses of the cold storage plates in the same cold storage assembly and the distance between every two adjacent cold storage plates are the same, the thicknesses of the cold storage plates are gradually reduced in the flowing direction of the secondary refrigerant, and meanwhile the flowing speed of the secondary refrigerant flowing through the cold storage assemblies is kept unchanged or gradually reduced. According to the phase change cold storage module, the thickness and the plate distance of the cold storage plates are uniquely designed, the plate body thickness of the cold storage plates is gradually reduced in the flowing direction of the secondary refrigerant, meanwhile, it is guaranteed that the flow speed of the secondary refrigerant is consistent or the flow speed of the back side is higher, in this way, the time for completing cold filling can be consistent before and after, phase change of the front cold storage plate is avoided, and the energy consumption is reduced. The back cold storage plate has no phase change, so that the cold charging time of the whole heat exchanger is longer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cold storage equipment, and in particular to a phase-change cold storage equipment with balanced charging and releasing of cold. Background Art

[0002] At present, water storage equipment and ice storage equipment have been developed in the market. Both of them use the difference in peak and valley electricity prices to store cold / heat during the valley electricity price period, and use the stored cold / heat to provide cooling / heating for air conditioning during the peak electricity consumption period during the day. When the air conditioning use time is synchronized with the non-air conditioning use time and the peak and valley of the power grid, the air conditioning power consumption during the peak power grid period can be transferred to the valley of the power grid.

[0003] Reference 1: Chinese patent document with publication number CN 104061813 A

[0004] Reference 1 records a phase-change energy storage water tank, which includes a water tank body, a phase-change cold storage layer is arranged in the water tank body, and equalizing water pipes for water inlet and outlet are respectively arranged on the opposite sides in the length direction of the water tank body, the equalizing water pipe includes a main pipe and a branch pipe, the branch pipe is arranged inside the water tank body, the branch pipe includes at least one branch pipe, a plurality of equalizing holes are evenly opened on the pipe wall of the branch pipe facing the inner wall, a spoiler plate is arranged between the equalizing water pipe and the phase-change cold storage layer, and the spoiler plate is processed with evenly distributed through holes, and a plurality of spoiler baffles arranged at intervals along the length direction of the water tank body are arranged between the peripheral side in the length direction of the water tank body and the phase-change cold storage layer. The phase-change energy storage water tank can not only make water or coolant enter the water tank evenly, but also make water or coolant fully contact with the phase-change material in the water tank for mixing and heat exchange, so as to improve the cold storage or cooling effect of the phase-change cold storage water tank.

[0005] Reference 2: Chinese patent document with publication number CN 115752056 A

[0006] Reference 2 records an efficient and stable phase-change cold storage device encapsulated with thin plates, including a tank body and a plurality of phase-change cold storage plates arranged inside the tank body, a support frame and a support beam are arranged inside the tank body; the phase-change cold storage plates are supported by the support beam and placed on the support frame; the plurality of phase-change cold storage plates are placed horizontally, and adjacent phase-change cold storage plates are not in contact with each other; each phase-change cold storage plate is provided with slots; the phase-change cold storage plates are staggered in the tank body, and the slots thereon form an "S"-shaped flow channel; when the phase-change cold storage device stores cold, cold water is introduced from the bottom of the tank body to exchange heat with the phase-change cold storage plates. This phase-change cold storage device is aimed at the hydrated salt phase-change cold storage system, and by encapsulating the hydrated salt phase-change material with a thin plate, the phase separation characteristics of the hydrated salt phase-change material are effectively suppressed, and the efficient heat exchange and cycle stability of the phase-change cold storage device are ensured, thereby promoting the development of phase-change cold storage air conditioners.

[0007] However, the existing phase change cold storage equipment still has the following problems:

[0008] The cold storage plates at different positions in the cold storage device store / release cold unevenly. The cold storage plates close to the coolant inlet are fully charged in a shorter time, while the cold storage plates far from the coolant inlet take a longer time to be fully charged, which ultimately leads to a longer overall charging time for the cold storage device. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem of unbalanced cold storage / release of cold storage plates at different positions in the phase change cold storage equipment in the prior art, and to provide a phase change cold storage equipment with balanced cold charging and release.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold, comprising a box body, wherein the interior of the box body is divided into multiple layers of cavities by horizontal partitions, each layer of cavities is divided into multiple flow channels by vertical partitions, multiple flow channels located in the same layer are connected in series, and a flow equalizing plate is provided at the inlet end of each flow channel;

[0011] The head end of the flow channel corresponding to the bottom layer of the cavity of the box body is provided with a total coolant inlet, and the tail end of the flow channel corresponding to the top layer of the cavity of the box body is provided with a total coolant outlet. The flow channels of the multiple layers of cavities are connected in series to form a coolant flow channel, and a cold storage module is provided in the flow channel;

[0012] The cold storage module includes multiple groups of cold storage components arranged along the flow direction of the coolant, each group of cold storage components includes multiple cold storage plates arranged side by side, and there is a gap between the upper and lower adjacent cold storage plates for the coolant to flow. The thickness of the cold storage plates in the same cold storage component and the spacing between the upper and lower adjacent cold storage plates are the same. Along the flow direction of the coolant, the structural characteristics of the cold storage component show the following rule: the thickness of the cold storage plate gradually decreases, and at the same time, the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the cold storage component remains unchanged or gradually increases. The above rule can also be defined as follows: the product of the number of cold storage plates and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates remains unchanged or gradually decreases.

[0013] As a further optimization of the phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold of the present invention: the interior of the box is divided into two layers, upper and lower, by a horizontal partition, and each layer of space is divided into three flow channels in series by two vertical partitions, and the horizontal partition has a through hole connecting the end of the lower flow channel and the beginning of the upper flow channel.

[0014] As a further optimization of the phase change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold of the present invention: the ratio of the thickness of the cold storage plate in the same group to the distance between adjacent cold storage plates is k, 1≤k≤7, the k value of different cold storage components is different, and the change of k value shows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, k gradually increases.

[0015] As a further optimization of the phase change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold of the present invention: the phase change material filled in the cold storage plates in the same group is the same, and the phase change material filled in the cold storage plates of different groups of cold storage components is different. The change of the phase change material shows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, the thermal conductivity of the phase change material gradually increases.

[0016] As a further optimization of a phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold of the present invention: the cold storage plate includes a cold storage plate body, the cold storage plate body has a phase-change cold storage material storage cavity, a loading port is provided at one end of the cold storage plate body, and a plurality of mutually parallel guide grooves are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body, and a plurality of V-shaped protrusions or arc-shaped protrusions are evenly distributed along its length direction on the surface of the cold storage plate body between two adjacent guide grooves and between the outermost guide groove and the side of the body.

[0017] As a further optimization of the phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold of the present invention: the loading port of the cold storage plate body is provided with a loading nozzle with a thread, a cap is screwed on the loading nozzle, and an avoidance groove suitable for the shape of the loading nozzle is provided at the end of the cold storage plate body opposite to the loading nozzle.

[0018] As a further optimization of the phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold of the present invention: a distributor is provided at the total inlet of the flow channel corresponding to the box body, and an exhaust hole is provided at the top of the box body corresponding to the outlet of the coolant.

[0019] As a further optimization of the phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold of the present invention: the flow equalizing plate includes a plate body with water holes evenly distributed thereon and a support member.

[0020] As a further optimization of the phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold of the present invention: a plurality of mutually parallel support bars are arranged on the side of the plate body facing the cold storage assembly, the support bars are vertically fixed on the plate body, and guide holes can also be arranged on the support bars.

[0021] As a further optimization of the phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold of the present invention: a plurality of support columns are vertically arranged on the side of the plate body facing the cold storage component, one end of the support column is fixed on the plate body, and the other end of the support column is connected together by a limit rod.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention uniquely designs the thickness of the cold storage plate and the plate spacing. Along the flow direction of the coolant, the plate thickness of the cold storage plate gradually becomes thinner, while ensuring that the flow rate of the coolant is consistent or the flow rate at the back is higher, so that the time for completing the cold charging can be guaranteed to be consistent, avoiding the front cold storage plate completing the phase change while the rear cold storage plate has no phase change, resulting in a longer cold charging time for the entire heat exchanger. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the phase change cold storage device (side view 1);

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the phase change cold storage device (side view 2);

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the phase change cold storage device (top view);

[0026] Figure 4 The overall structural diagram of the cold storage plate (Form 1);

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the assembly state of the cold storage plate (Form 1);

[0028] Figure 6 The overall structural diagram of the cold storage plate (Form 2);

[0029] Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the structure of the V-shaped protrusion and V-shaped groove of the cold storage plate (Form 2);

[0030] Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the assembly state of the cold storage plate (Form 2);

[0031] Fig. 9 The overall structural diagram of the cold storage plate (Form 3);

[0032] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first protrusion and the second protrusion of the cold storage plate (form three);

[0033] Fig.11 The schematic diagram of the assembly state of the cold storage plate (Form 3);

[0034] Fig.12 The overall structural diagram of the cold storage plate (with avoidance groove);

[0035] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the plate structure of the flow equalizing plate in the phase change cold storage device;

[0036] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the flow balancing plate (support column) in the phase change cold storage device;

[0037] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the flow balancing plate (support bar) in the phase change cold storage device;

[0038] Markings in the figure:

[0039] 1. Cold storage board;

[0040] 2. Diversion trough;

[0041] 3. V-shaped protrusion;

[0042] 4. V-shaped groove;

[0043] 5. The first protrusion;

[0044] 6. Second bulge;

[0045] 7. Avoidance slot;

[0046] 8. Box body;

[0047] 9. Horizontal partition;

[0048] 10. Vertical partitions;

[0049] 11. Distributor;

[0050] 12. Distribution orifice plate;

[0051] 121. Plate body;

[0052] 122. Support bar;

[0053] 123. Diversion hole;

[0054] 124. Support column;

[0055] 125. Limit rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with embodiments, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0057] like Figure 1-3 As shown: A phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold, comprising a box 8. The interior of the box 8 is divided into two layers, upper and lower, by a horizontal partition 9, and each layer of space is divided into three flow channels by a vertical partition 10. The box 8 is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet at both ends of each flow channel, and the water inlets and water outlets of two adjacent flow channels are arranged in opposite directions. The three flow channels on the same layer are connected in series through the water inlet and the water outlet, and the water outlet of the lower flow channel is connected to the water inlet of the upper flow channel.

[0058] A total water inlet is provided at the head end of the lower cavity flow channel of the box body 8, and a total water outlet is provided at the tail end of the upper cavity flow channel of the box body 8. The flow channels of the two layers of cavities are connected in series to form a coolant (water) flow channel, in which a cold storage module is arranged.

[0059] The cold storage module includes multiple groups of cold storage components arranged along the flow direction of the coolant (water), each group of cold storage components includes multiple cold storage plates 1 arranged side by side, and the multiple cold storage plates 1 are stacked horizontally to form a horizontal flow channel. There is a gap between adjacent cold storage plates 1 for the coolant (water) to flow. The thickness of the cold storage plates 1 in the same cold storage component and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates 1 are the same. Along the flow direction of the coolant (water), the thickness of the cold storage plate 1 gradually decreases, and at the same time, the flow rate of the coolant (water) flowing through the cold storage component remains unchanged or gradually increases.

[0060] The specifications of all the cold storage plates 1 in each cold storage assembly are the same, and the phase change materials filled therein are also the same. It can be foreseen that since the thickness of the cold storage plate 1 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the coolant (water), the number of cold storage plates 1 in the cold storage assembly also tends to increase along the flow direction of the coolant (water).

[0061] It can be foreseen that if we want to achieve: along the flow direction of the coolant (water), the thickness of the cold storage plate 1 gradually decreases, and at the same time the flow rate of the coolant (water) flowing through the cold storage component remains unchanged or gradually increases. Then it can be required that: along the flow direction of the coolant (water), the cold storage component presents the following rule: the thickness of the cold storage plate 1 gradually decreases, and at the same time the product of the number of cold storage plates 1 and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates 1 remains unchanged or gradually decreases. In this way, the time for completing the cold charging can be guaranteed to be consistent, avoiding the situation where the front cold storage plate completes the phase change, while the rear cold storage plate does not change phase, resulting in a longer cold charging time for the entire heat exchanger.

[0062] Water has a high specific heat capacity and can absorb or release a large amount of heat while its own temperature change is relatively small, which enables it to effectively store and transfer cold during the cold storage and release process. In addition, water has stable chemical properties and will not undergo chemical reactions under general cold storage and release conditions, and will not cause adverse effects such as corrosion to cold storage equipment and cooled objects.

[0063] The ratio of the thickness of the cold storage plate 1 to the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates 1 in the same group is k, 1≤k≤7, and the k values ​​of different cold storage components are different. The change of the k value shows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant (water), k gradually increases.

[0064] The phase change material filled in the cold storage plates 1 in the same group is the same, and the phase change materials filled in the cold storage plates 1 of different groups of cold storage components are different. The change of the phase change material shows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant (water), the thermal conductivity of the phase change material gradually increases.

[0065] The cold storage plate 1 includes a cold storage plate body, which has a phase change cold storage material storage cavity. A loading port is provided at one end of the cold storage plate body. The upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body are provided with a plurality of mutually parallel guide grooves 2. The surface of the cold storage plate body is located between two adjacent guide grooves 2 and between the outermost guide groove 2 and the side of the body. A plurality of V-shaped protrusions 3 or arc-shaped protrusions are evenly distributed along its length direction.

[0066] The loading port of the cold storage plate body is provided with a loading nozzle and a cap, mainly to facilitate the filling of phase change material into the cold storage plate. There are at least two ways to set the loading nozzle:

[0067] The loading port of the cold storage plate body is located in the notch, and the loading nozzle is just hidden in the notch. The shape of the entire cold storage plate body is relatively regular, but this type of loading nozzle cannot completely fill the inside of the cold storage plate body. Some organic phase change materials are liquid at room temperature, and when the temperature drops below the melting point, it solidifies into a solid state. The volume of organic phase change materials will shrink during the solidification process. This is because its molecules are relatively loosely arranged in the liquid state, but more tightly arranged in the solid state. Even if the material is filled, the cold storage plate will not be deformed during the phase change process.

[0068] Another form is: the loading port of the cold storage plate body is provided with a threaded loading nozzle, a cap is screwed on the loading nozzle, and the end of the cold storage plate body opposite to the loading nozzle is provided with an avoidance groove 7 with a shape suitable for the loading nozzle. When multiple cold storage plates are docked, the loading nozzles of adjacent cold storage plates can be placed in the avoidance groove 7 (such as Fig.12 shown).

[0069] There are three specific forms of cold storage plate body:

[0070] <Form 1>

[0071] like Figure 4-5 As shown: The material of the cold storage plate body can usually be plastic materials, such as HDPE and PE. Plastic materials are widely used in the manufacture of cold storage ice boxes due to their good plasticity, durability and cost-effectiveness. Plastic materials such as HDPE high-density polyethylene and PE polyethylene are not only safe and non-toxic, but also have good cold preservation performance and repeated use.

[0072] The upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body are provided with a plurality of mutually parallel guide grooves 2, and the cross section of the guide groove 2 is inverted trapezoidal. The surface of the cold storage plate body is located between two adjacent guide grooves 2 and between the outermost guide groove 2 and the side of the body along its length.

[0073] The raised openings on the upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body face opposite directions. The upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body are also provided with end grooves, the cross section of which is V-shaped. One end of the end groove is connected to the end surface of the cold storage plate body, and the other end extends into the interval of the guide groove 2.

[0074] Through the unique surface structure design, the turbulence degree of the heat transfer medium on the surface of the cold storage plate body can be increased, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency, and the ice box has a strong ability to withstand external pressure and the sealing port does not leak.

[0075] <Form 2>

[0076] like Figure 6-8 As shown: this form has the same overall structure as <Form 1>, except that: a V-shaped groove 4 is provided between two adjacent protrusions in the same row, and the direction of the V-shaped groove 4 or the arc-shaped groove is consistent with that of the V-shaped protrusion 3.

[0077] <Form 3>

[0078] like Figure 9-11 As shown: This form has the same overall structure as <Form 1>, except that the heights of the protrusions in the same column are inconsistent.

[0079] The protrusions in the same column include a first protrusion 5 with a height of h1 and a second protrusion 6 with a height of h2, h1>h2, and multiple protrusions in the same column are arranged in a regular pattern of “first protrusion, second protrusion, second protrusion, first protrusion, second protrusion, second protrusion, first protrusion…”.

[0080] A distributor 11 is provided at the total inlet of the coolant corresponding to the flow channel in the box body 8, and an exhaust hole is provided at the top of the box body 8 corresponding to the outlet of the coolant.

[0081] The inlet end of each flow channel is provided with a distribution orifice plate 12, and the distribution orifice plate 12 includes a plate body 121 uniformly distributed with water holes. The distribution orifice plate 12 can make the distribution and flow of the coolant more uniform, and the distribution orifice plate 12 evenly distributes the fluid on the cold exchange surface, increases the contact area between the fluid and the cold exchange surface, makes the energy transfer more sufficient, reduces the local dead zone, and improves the overall cold transfer coefficient, thereby improving the cold transfer efficiency.

[0082] The end surface of the plate body 121 facing the cold storage plate is provided with a support bar 122. A plurality of support bars 122 can be provided, which are vertically fixed on the plate body 121 and are parallel to each other. In order to improve the distribution effect, a guide hole 123 (such as Fig.15 shown).

[0083] Of course, the support bar 122 can also be replaced with other structural forms, such as Fig.14As shown, a plurality of support columns 124 are vertically arranged on the plate body 121 , the lower ends of the support columns 124 are fixed on the plate body 121 , and the upper ends of the support columns 124 are connected together through limiting rods 125 .

[0084] The cold storage plate uses its special design and the phase change material filled inside to effectively capture the cold energy carried by the cooling water generated by the chiller. These phase change materials have specific thermodynamic properties and can undergo phase changes in low temperature environments, such as from liquid to solid or from one crystalline state to another, absorbing a large amount of latent heat in the process, thereby achieving cold energy storage.

[0085] The phase change material filled in the cold storage plate can be a hydrated salt phase change material. The hydrated salt phase change material mainly realizes cold storage through its solid-liquid phase change at a specific temperature. During the cold storage process, when the ambient temperature is lower than the phase change temperature of the hydrated salt, the hydrated salt changes from liquid to solid, releasing the latent heat of phase change, thereby realizing cold storage. During the cold release process, when the ambient temperature is higher than the phase change temperature of the hydrated salt, the hydrated salt changes from solid to liquid, absorbs the surrounding heat, and realizes cold release.

[0086] When daylight comes, the peak period of electricity consumption occurs. At this time, the phase change cold storage tank begins to release cold. Through a properly arranged heat exchange system, a reverse phase change process occurs in the cold storage tank, and the stored cold is transferred to the refrigerant. The refrigerant then distributes the cold evenly to various areas of the data center through a precisely designed pipeline network, thereby effectively reducing the room temperature and meeting the room's cooling needs.

[0087] This working mode effectively achieves the "peak shifting and valley filling" of electricity. During peak electricity consumption periods, by using phase change cold storage tanks to release cold to cool the data room, the amount of electricity that the data room obtains from the power grid for cooling is significantly reduced, alleviating the power supply pressure of the power grid during peak periods. At the same time, during the low electricity consumption period at night, the process of the chiller storing cold in the cold storage tank increases the power load during the low period, improves the power utilization rate of the power system during the low period, and makes the power resources more reasonably allocated and utilized in the time dimension, which is of great significance for optimizing the operating efficiency and economy of the power system.

[0088] The phase change cold storage module of the present invention has a unique design for the thickness of the cold storage plate and the plate spacing. Along the flow direction of the coolant, the plate thickness of the cold storage plate gradually becomes thinner. At the same time, the product of the number of cold storage plates and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates remains unchanged or gradually decreases, so that the front and rear flow rates are consistent or the rear flow rate is higher. In this way, the time for completing the cold charging can be guaranteed to be consistent, avoiding the situation where the front cold storage plate completes the phase change while the rear cold storage plate does not change phase, resulting in a longer cold charging time for the entire heat exchanger.

[0089] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold, characterized in that: It comprises a box body (8), wherein the interior of the box body (8) is divided into multiple layers of cavities by horizontal partitions (9), each layer of cavities is divided into multiple flow channels by vertical partitions (10), multiple flow channels located in the same layer are connected in series, and a flow equalizing plate (12) is provided at the inlet end of each flow channel; The box (8) is provided with a total coolant inlet at the head end of the flow channel corresponding to the bottom layer of the cavity, and a total coolant outlet at the tail end of the flow channel corresponding to the top layer of the cavity. The flow channels of the multiple layers of cavities are connected in series to form a coolant flow channel, and a cold storage module is arranged in the flow channel; The cold storage module comprises a plurality of groups of cold storage components arranged along the flow direction of the coolant, each group of cold storage components comprises a plurality of cold storage plates (1) arranged side by side, adjacent cold storage plates (1) have gaps for the coolant to flow through, the thickness of the cold storage plates (1) in the same cold storage component and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates (1) are the same, the thickness of the cold storage plates (1) gradually decreases along the flow direction of the coolant, and at the same time the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the cold storage component remains unchanged or gradually increases.

2. A phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the box body (8) is divided into two layers, upper and lower, by a horizontal partition (9), and each layer of space is divided into three flow channels connected in series by two vertical partitions (10). The horizontal partition (9) has a through hole connecting the end of the lower layer flow channel and the beginning of the upper layer flow channel.

3. A phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the thickness of the cold storage plate (1) to the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates (1) in the same cold storage assembly is k, 1≤k≤7, and the k value of different cold storage assemblies is different. The change of the k value shows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, k gradually increases.

4. A phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change material filled in the cold storage plates (1) in the same cold storage assembly is the same, and the phase change material filled in the cold storage plates (1) in different groups of cold storage assemblies is different. The change of the phase change material shows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, the thermal conductivity of the phase change material gradually increases.

5. A phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The cold storage plate (1) comprises a cold storage plate body, the cold storage plate body having a phase change cold storage material storage cavity, a loading port being arranged at one end of the cold storage plate body, a plurality of mutually parallel guide grooves (2) being arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body, and a plurality of V-shaped protrusions (3) or arc-shaped protrusions being evenly distributed along the length direction of the cold storage plate body surface between two adjacent guide grooves (2) and between the outermost guide groove (2) and the side edge of the body.

6. A phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The loading port of the cold storage plate body is provided with a threaded loading nozzle, a cap is screwed onto the loading nozzle, and an avoidance groove (7) having a shape suitable for the loading nozzle is provided at one end of the cold storage plate body opposite to the loading nozzle.

7. A phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A distributor is provided in the box body (8) at a location corresponding to the total inlet of the flow channel, and an exhaust hole is provided at a location corresponding to the outlet of the coolant at the top of the box body (8).

8. A phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The flow equalizing plate (12) comprises a plate body (121) evenly distributed with water holes and a support member.

9. A phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of mutually parallel support bars (122) are arranged on one side of the plate body (121) facing the cold storage assembly. The support bars (122) are vertically fixed on the plate body (121), and flow guide holes (123) may also be arranged on the support bars (122).

10. A phase-change cold storage device with balanced charging and releasing of cold as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of support columns (124) are vertically arranged on one side of the plate body (121) facing the cold storage assembly, one end of the support column (124) is fixed on the plate body (121), and the other end of the support column (124) is connected together via a limit rod (125).

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