Rapid detection method for tunnel crossing large karst cave

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid detection method for a tunnel to pass through a large karst cave, and relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a detection position and drilling a drill hole; s2, installing a drilling radar; s3, setting a ground radar; s4, starting radar data acquisition; s5, performing data processing and analysis to generate a tomography image; s6, karst cave identification and analysis; s7, safety measures and construction schemes are formulated; and S8, dynamically adjusting the detection parameters. According to the invention, through combined use of the drilling radar and the ground radar and combination of advanced data processing technologies and algorithms, a high-precision tomography image can be generated, the position, the shape, the size and the filling condition of the karst cave can be accurately identified, reliable geological information is provided for construction, and potential safety hazards in the construction process are effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and in particular to a method for quickly detecting a tunnel passing through a large karst cave. Background Art

[0002] Cave crossing refers to the process of using specific detection and construction techniques to cross caves formed by soluble rocks under the action of karst, which have the characteristics of diverse shapes, wide distribution, and large development scale. It has a wide range of applications, including underground transportation hubs and underground commercial blocks in urban planning, underground tourist attractions and underground museums in tourism development, as well as mineral exploration, groundwater resource development, environmental monitoring and many other aspects.

[0003] In tunnel engineering, especially when crossing large karst cave areas, the complexity and uncertainty of geological conditions pose great challenges to construction. Traditional detection methods often rely on geological exploration and manual excavation, which are not only time-consuming and laborious, but also difficult to accurately and comprehensively grasp the specific conditions and distribution characteristics of karst caves. Therefore, in the process of tunnel excavation, sudden exposure of karst caves, water and mud gushing, and other emergencies are often encountered, which seriously threaten the safety and progress of construction. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings existing in the prior art and to propose a method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave, so as to solve the problem in the above technical solution that in the process of tunnel excavation, sudden exposure of the karst cave, water gushing and mud bursting, etc. are often encountered, which seriously threaten the construction safety and progress.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: A method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave, comprising the following steps: S1: detection position selection and borehole drilling: selecting a detection position in the tunnel and drilling a borehole; S2: Borehole radar installation: installing the borehole radar to a predetermined depth in the borehole; S3: Ground radar installation: Install ground radar on the surface of the tunnel or on the wall of the tunnel; S4: Radar data collection start: start the borehole radar and ground radar, and start data collection; S5: Data processing and analysis to generate tomographic images: Process and analyze the collected data to generate tomographic images of the medium; S6: Cave identification and analysis: Based on the tomographic images, the caves in the tunnel are identified and analyzed; S7: Safety measures and construction plan formulation: Formulate safety measures and construction plan for tunnel excavation according to the location, shape and filling conditions of the cave; S8: Dynamic adjustment of detection parameters: During the tunnel excavation process, the detection parameters of the borehole radar and ground radar are dynamically adjusted according to the changes in the cave.

[0006] As a preferred implementation, in the step S1 of selecting the detection position and drilling the borehole, the selection of the detection position should be based on the geological survey data of the tunnel, the historical cave distribution data and the tunnel excavation plan to ensure that the selected position can representatively reflect the geological characteristics and cave distribution of the tunnel crossing area. The drilling of the borehole must comply with the geological drilling specifications to ensure that the diameter, depth and inclination of the borehole meet the installation and detection requirements of the borehole radar, while avoiding adverse effects on the safety of the tunnel structure.

[0007] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: this selection method improves the pertinence and accuracy of detection, provides a reliable basis for subsequent cave identification and analysis, and at the same time, drilling holes in accordance with geological drilling specifications ensures that the diameter, depth and inclination of the borehole meet the installation and detection requirements of the borehole radar, avoiding adverse effects on the safety of the tunnel structure.

[0008] As a preferred implementation, in the installation of the borehole radar in step S2, the installation depth of the borehole radar should be determined comprehensively based on the expected cave depth, geological characteristics and radar detection capabilities. During the installation process, close contact between the radar antenna and the borehole wall must be ensured to reduce signal attenuation and interference and improve the accuracy and reliability of the detection data.

[0009] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: ensuring close contact between the radar antenna and the borehole wall during the installation process, reducing signal attenuation and interference, and improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection data, which helps to more accurately identify and analyze the characteristics of the cave and provide strong support for the subsequent safety measures and construction plan formulation.

[0010] As a preferred implementation, in the ground radar setting of step S3, the setting position of the ground radar should be determined comprehensively based on the topography, geological characteristics and detection requirements of the tunnel. The ground radar should be installed in a position that can fully cover the internal medium of the tunnel and is easy to operate and maintain, ensuring good contact between the radar antenna and the internal medium of the tunnel.

[0011] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme is: the setting position of the ground radar is determined comprehensively according to the topography, geological characteristics and detection requirements of the tunnel, which can ensure that the radar can fully cover the internal medium of the tunnel and is easy to operate and maintain. This setting method improves the detection efficiency and accuracy of the ground radar, and helps to timely discover and deal with geological problems inside the tunnel. At the same time, good contact conditions also ensure the signal transmission quality between the radar antenna and the internal medium of the tunnel, further improving the reliability of the detection data.

[0012] As a preferred implementation, during the startup of radar data acquisition in step S4, before starting the borehole radar and the ground radar, the equipment needs to be preheated and calibrated to ensure that the equipment is in the best working condition. During the data acquisition process, the data quality should be monitored in real time, and data anomalies should be discovered and processed in time to ensure that the collected data is accurate, complete and reliable.

[0013] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are: preheating and calibration before starting the borehole radar and ground radar can ensure that the equipment is in the best working condition, thereby improving the accuracy and completeness of data collection, real-time monitoring of data quality during data collection, and timely detection and processing of data anomalies, which can avoid inaccurate detection results caused by data quality problems.

[0014] As a preferred implementation, in the step S5 data processing and analysis to generate a tomographic image, the data processing and analysis should use advanced image processing technology and algorithms to filter, denoise, enhance and other processing on the collected data to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the data. The generation of the tomographic image should be combined with geological exploration data and tunnel excavation conditions, and the processed data should be three-dimensionally reconstructed and visualized to intuitively display the structure of the medium inside the tunnel and the distribution of caves.

[0015] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: using advanced image processing technology and algorithms to process and analyze the collected data can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the data, and combining geological exploration data and tunnel excavation conditions for three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization processing can intuitively display the structure of the medium inside the tunnel and the distribution of caves. This processing method helps to more accurately identify and analyze the characteristics of caves, and provide more detailed geological information for subsequent safety measures and construction plan formulation.

[0016] As a preferred implementation, in the step S6 of cave identification and analysis, the identification and analysis of the cave should be based on tomographic images and geological exploration data, and a detailed analysis should be conducted on the location, shape, size, depth and filling condition of the cave. During the identification process, geological interpretation software and tools should be used, combined with geological principles and cave development laws, to accurately identify and classify the caves. During the analysis process, the safety risks and construction difficulties that the caves may cause to tunnel excavation should also be considered, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of subsequent safety measures and construction plans.

[0017] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: based on tomographic images and geological exploration data, the identification and analysis of caves can comprehensively consider factors such as the location, shape, size, depth and filling condition of the caves, and the use of geological interpretation software and tools combined with geological principles and cave development laws to accurately identify and classify them, which helps to improve the accuracy and reliability of cave identification.

[0018] As a preferred implementation mode, in the formulation of the safety measures and construction plan in step S7, the formulation of the safety measures and construction plan should comprehensively consider factors such as the location, shape, size, depth and filling condition of the cave, and formulate targeted safety measures and construction plans in combination with the tunnel excavation plan, construction technology and geological conditions. The safety measures should include grouting reinforcement, support measures, drainage treatment, etc. to ensure the stability and safety of the cave area. The construction plan should include excavation direction, schedule, construction technology and quality control, etc. to ensure the smooth progress of the construction process and the safety and stability of the tunnel structure.

[0019] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are: formulating targeted safety measures and construction plans by comprehensively considering factors such as the location, shape, size, depth and filling conditions of the cave can ensure the stability and safety of the cave area. The implementation of safety measures such as grouting reinforcement, support measures and drainage treatment will help improve the bearing capacity and disaster resistance of the tunnel structure. At the same time, a reasonable construction plan including excavation direction, schedule arrangement, construction technology and quality control can ensure the smooth progress of the construction process and the safety and stability of the tunnel structure.

[0020] As a preferred implementation manner, in the step S8 of dynamically adjusting the detection parameters, the dynamic adjustment of the detection parameters should be carried out according to the changes in the karst cave and the needs of tunnel excavation. During the tunnel excavation process, it is necessary to monitor the changes in the karst cave in real time, including the location, shape, size and filling changes of the karst cave, and timely adjust the detection parameters of the borehole radar and the ground radar to ensure that the radar can continuously obtain accurate detection data and provide timely and reliable geological information for tunnel excavation.

[0021] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: dynamically adjusting the detection parameters according to the changes in the cave and the needs of tunnel excavation can ensure that the radar can continuously obtain accurate detection data. This dynamic adjustment method helps to improve the flexibility and adaptability of detection, and can timely discover and deal with changes in the cave, providing timely and reliable geological information for tunnel excavation, which helps to reduce construction risks and improve construction efficiency, and ensure the safety and smooth progress of the tunnel crossing a large cave.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention, through the combined use of borehole radar and ground radar, combined with advanced data processing technology and algorithms, can generate high-precision tomographic images, accurately identify the location, shape, size and filling condition of the cave, provide reliable geological information for construction, and effectively avoid safety hazards during the construction process.

[0023] 2. The method of the present invention realizes the automation and real-time detection of caves, can quickly collect and analyze data, and timely adjust detection parameters to ensure that the radar continuously obtains accurate detection data. This not only shortens the detection cycle, but also provides sufficient time for the formulation and optimization of construction plans, effectively reducing construction costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a flow chart for the overall implementation of a rapid detection method for tunneling through a large karst cave; Figure 2 It is a rapid detection method for tunnels through large karst caves. It is a flow chart for selecting detection locations and implementing drilling and setting of boreholes; Figure 3 It is a rapid detection method for tunneling through large karst caves. Borehole radar installation implementation flow chart; Figure 4 It is a method for rapid detection of tunnels through large karst caves. It is a flow chart for the implementation of ground radar settings; Figure 5 It is a rapid detection method for tunneling through large karst caves. It is a radar data collection start-up implementation flow chart; Figure 6 It is a fast detection method for tunnels through large karst caves. It is a flow chart for the implementation of data processing and analysis to generate tomographic images; Figure 7 It is a rapid detection method for tunneling through large karst caves. It is a flow chart for the implementation of karst cave identification and analysis; Figure 8 It is a fast detection method for tunnels through large karst caves, safety measures and a flow chart for the formulation and implementation of construction plans; Fig. 9 The invention is a flow chart for the implementation of a rapid detection method for tunneling through a large karst cave and dynamic adjustment of detection parameters. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave, comprising the following steps: S1: selecting a detection position and drilling a borehole: selecting a detection position in the tunnel and drilling a borehole; S2: Borehole radar installation: installing the borehole radar to a predetermined depth in the borehole; S3: Ground radar installation: Install ground radar on the surface of the tunnel or on the wall of the tunnel; S4: Radar data collection start: start the borehole radar and ground radar, and start data collection; S5: Data processing and analysis to generate tomographic images: Process and analyze the collected data to generate tomographic images of the medium; S6: Cave identification and analysis: Based on the tomographic images, the caves in the tunnel are identified and analyzed; S7: Safety measures and construction plan formulation: Formulate safety measures and construction plan for tunnel excavation according to the location, shape and filling conditions of the cave; S8: Dynamic adjustment of detection parameters: During the tunnel excavation process, the detection parameters of the borehole radar and ground radar are dynamically adjusted according to the changes in the cave.

[0027] Specifically, in step S1, the selection of the detection position and the drilling of the borehole should be based on the geological survey data of the tunnel, the historical cave distribution data and the tunnel excavation plan to ensure that the selected position can representatively reflect the geological characteristics and cave distribution of the tunnel crossing area. The drilling of the borehole must comply with the geological drilling specifications to ensure that the diameter, depth and inclination of the borehole meet the installation and detection requirements of the borehole radar, while avoiding adverse effects on the safety of the tunnel structure.

[0028] Specifically, in step S2 of installing the borehole radar, the installation depth of the borehole radar should be determined based on the expected cave depth, geological characteristics and radar detection capabilities. During the installation process, close contact between the radar antenna and the borehole wall must be ensured to reduce signal attenuation and interference and improve the accuracy and reliability of the detection data.

[0029] Specifically, in step S3 of setting up the ground radar, the location of the ground radar should be determined comprehensively based on the topography, geological characteristics and detection requirements of the tunnel. The ground radar should be installed in a position that can fully cover the internal medium of the tunnel and is easy to operate and maintain, ensuring good contact between the radar antenna and the internal medium of the tunnel.

[0030] Specifically, in step S4, when radar data acquisition is started, before starting the borehole radar and ground radar, the equipment needs to be preheated and calibrated to ensure that the equipment is in the best working condition. During the data collection process, the data quality should be monitored in real time, and data anomalies should be discovered and processed in time to ensure that the collected data is accurate, complete and reliable.

[0031] Specifically, in step S5, data processing and analysis are performed to generate a tomographic image. Advanced image processing techniques and algorithms should be used for data processing and analysis to filter, denoise, enhance, and other processes on the collected data to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the data. The generation of the tomographic image should be combined with geological exploration data and tunnel excavation conditions, and the processed data should be reconstructed and visualized in three dimensions to intuitively display the structure of the medium inside the tunnel and the distribution of karst caves.

[0032] Specifically, in step S6, the identification and analysis of caves should be based on tomographic images and geological exploration data, and the location, shape, size, depth and filling conditions of the caves should be analyzed in detail. During the identification process, geological interpretation software and tools should be used to accurately identify and classify the caves in combination with geological principles and cave development laws. During the analysis process, the safety risks and construction difficulties that the caves may cause to tunnel excavation should also be considered to provide a basis for the subsequent safety measures and construction plan formulation; the geological interpretation software includes but is not limited to three-dimensional modeling and visualization software, which converts two-dimensional geological exploration data into a three-dimensional model, so that the internal structure and surrounding environment of the cave can be displayed in an intuitive way, which helps planners to understand the characteristics and distribution of the caves more accurately, and provides a basis for the subsequent safety measures and construction plan formulation; geological interpretation tools usually include various geological map production tools, geological statistical analysis software, etc., through which the location, shape, size, depth and filling conditions of the caves can be analyzed and interpreted in detail.

[0033] Specifically, in the formulation of safety measures and construction plans in step S7, the formulation of safety measures and construction plans should comprehensively consider factors such as the location, shape, size, depth and filling conditions of the cave, and formulate targeted safety measures and construction plans in combination with tunnel excavation planning, construction technology and geological conditions. Safety measures should include grouting reinforcement, support measures, drainage treatment, etc. to ensure the stability and safety of the cave area. The construction plan should include excavation direction, schedule, construction technology and quality control, etc. to ensure the smooth progress of the construction process and the safety and stability of the tunnel structure.

[0034] Specifically, in step S8, in the dynamic adjustment of detection parameters, the dynamic adjustment of detection parameters should be carried out according to the changes in the karst cave and the needs of tunnel excavation. During the tunnel excavation process, it is necessary to monitor the changes in the karst cave in real time, including the location, shape, size and filling changes of the karst cave, and timely adjust the detection parameters of the borehole radar and the ground radar to ensure that the radar can continuously obtain accurate detection data and provide timely and reliable geological information for tunnel excavation; the detection parameters of the borehole radar include operating frequency, pulse repetition frequency, pulse width, transmission power, antenna beam width and antenna beam scanning mode; when the depth of the cave increases, it is necessary to reduce The working frequency is adjusted to increase the detection depth; when the shape of the cave is complex, the pulse width and transmission power need to be adjusted to improve the resolution and signal strength; the detection parameters of the ground radar include the maximum and shortest laser scanning distances, laser emission frequency, laser scanning range, angular resolution and ranging accuracy; when the cave filling changes, the laser emission frequency and scanning range need to be adjusted to obtain more detailed filling information; when it is necessary to improve the detection accuracy, the angular resolution and ranging accuracy need to be optimized. By reasonably adjusting these parameters, the ground radar can ensure the continuous provision of accurate and reliable detection data, providing strong support for the safety and smooth progress of tunnel excavation.

[0035] Working principle: By selecting representative detection positions in the tunnel and drilling standardized boreholes, installing the borehole radar to the predetermined depth and ensuring close contact with the borehole wall, and setting up ground radar on the surface or wall of the tunnel to fully cover the internal medium of the tunnel, preheating and calibration are carried out before starting radar data collection, and real-time monitoring of data quality is carried out to ensure accuracy. Advanced image processing technology and algorithms are used to process and analyze the collected data, and high-precision tomographic images of the internal medium of the tunnel are generated in combination with geological exploration data. Based on the imaging images, the characteristics of the karst cave are identified and analyzed, and the safety risks and construction difficulties of the karst cave to the excavation are considered. Targeted safety measures and construction plans are formulated according to the actual situation of the karst cave and the tunnel excavation plan. In addition, the changes in the karst cave are monitored in real time during the excavation process, and the radar detection parameters are dynamically adjusted to ensure continuous acquisition of accurate geological information, providing reliable protection for safe tunnel excavation.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes and apply it to other fields. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: selecting a detection position and drilling a borehole: selecting a detection position in a tunnel and drilling a borehole; S2: Borehole radar installation: installing the borehole radar to a predetermined depth in the borehole; S3: Ground radar installation: Install ground radar on the surface of the tunnel or on the wall of the tunnel; S4: Radar data collection start: start the borehole radar and ground radar, and start data collection; S5: Data processing and analysis to generate tomographic images: Process and analyze the collected data to generate tomographic images of the medium; S6: Cave identification and analysis: Based on the tomographic images, the caves in the tunnel are identified and analyzed; S7: Safety measures and construction plan formulation: Formulate safety measures and construction plan for tunnel excavation according to the location, shape and filling conditions of the cave; S8: Dynamic adjustment of detection parameters: During the tunnel excavation process, the detection parameters of the borehole radar and ground radar are dynamically adjusted according to the changes in the cave.

2. A method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1 of selecting the detection position and drilling the borehole, the selection of the detection position is based on the geological survey data of the tunnel, the historical cave distribution data and the tunnel excavation plan, ensuring that the selected position can representatively reflect the geological characteristics and cave distribution of the tunnel crossing area. The drilling of the borehole must comply with the geological drilling specifications to ensure that the diameter, depth and inclination of the borehole meet the installation and detection requirements of the borehole radar.

3. A method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2 of installing the borehole radar, the installation depth of the borehole radar is determined comprehensively based on the expected cave depth, geological characteristics and radar detection capability. During the installation process, close contact between the radar antenna and the borehole wall is ensured to reduce signal attenuation and interference.

4. A method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3 of ground radar setting, the setting position of the ground radar is determined comprehensively according to the topography, geological characteristics and detection requirements of the tunnel. The ground radar is installed in a position that can fully cover the internal medium of the tunnel and is convenient for operation and maintenance, ensuring good contact between the radar antenna and the internal medium of the tunnel.

5. A method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, during the radar data acquisition startup, before starting the borehole radar and the ground radar, the equipment is preheated and calibrated to ensure that the equipment is in the best working condition. During the data acquisition process, the data quality is monitored in real time to promptly detect and handle data anomalies.

6. A method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, data processing and analysis are used to generate a tomographic image. The data processing and analysis uses advanced image processing technology and algorithms to filter, denoise and enhance the collected data to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the data. The generation of the tomographic image is combined with geological exploration data and tunnel excavation conditions, and the processed data is three-dimensionally reconstructed and visualized.

7. A method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S6 of cave identification and analysis, the identification and analysis of the cave is based on tomographic images and geological exploration data, and a detailed analysis is performed on the location, shape, size, depth and filling condition of the cave. During the identification process, geological interpretation software and tools are used, combined with geological principles and cave development laws, to accurately identify and classify the caves. During the analysis process, the safety risks and construction difficulties caused by the caves to tunnel excavation are considered.

8. A method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the formulation of the safety measures and construction plan in step S7, the formulation of the safety measures and construction plan comprehensively considers the location, shape, size, depth and filling conditions of the cave, and combines the tunnel excavation plan, construction technology and geological conditions to formulate targeted safety measures and construction plans. The safety measures include grouting reinforcement, support measures, and drainage treatment, and the construction plan includes excavation direction, schedule, construction technology and quality control.

9. A method for rapid detection of a tunnel passing through a large karst cave according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S8 of dynamically adjusting the detection parameters, the dynamic adjustment of the detection parameters is carried out according to the changes in the karst cave and the needs of tunnel excavation. During the tunnel excavation process, the changes in the karst cave are monitored in real time, including the changes in the location, shape, size and filling of the karst cave, and the detection parameters of the borehole radar and the ground radar are adjusted in time to ensure that the radar can continuously obtain accurate detection data and provide timely and reliable geological information for tunnel excavation.

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