Historical building model construction method and system based on BIM

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building information modeling, in particular to a historical building model construction method and system based on BIM, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining building component surface spectral reflectivity data, setting a detection range, extracting spectral features, integrating to form time sequence data, and obtaining component spectral feature parameters. According to the invention, through the detailed analysis of the spectral reflectivity, the scheme accurately evaluates the aging of the component, avoids subjective judgment errors, improves the accuracy, finely quantifies the aging process by using the mean square error and curve fitting technology, reduces the evaluation errors, comprehensively evaluates the stability of the building and optimizes the safety prediction of the structure by combining dynamic mechanical analysis and incorporating environmental factors. The component matching precision is improved through geometric adaptation analysis, errors are reduced, the reconstruction effect is optimized, the geometric and mechanical accuracy of a building model is enhanced, and the practicability and reliability of the model are improved through systematic data integration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building information modeling, and in particular to a method and system for constructing a historical building model based on BIM. Background Art

[0002] The field of building information modeling technology includes building structure modeling, construction process simulation, building operation and maintenance management, etc. The core content is to build a digital model of the building through computer technology, and on this basis integrate geometric information, material properties, construction process, maintenance data and other multi-dimensional information to support the full life cycle management of the building. Building information modeling involves multiple links such as three-dimensional modeling, data storage, and information interaction. By building a visual and digitized building model, it realizes functions such as information sharing, optimized design, and auxiliary construction and maintenance. In recent years, building information modeling has gradually been combined with the protection of historical buildings and the digitization of cultural heritage to enhance the research, management and reproduction capabilities of traditional buildings.

[0003] Among them, the historical building model construction method based on BIM refers to the digital modeling of historical buildings using building information modeling technology. This method covers the geometric reconstruction of historical buildings, structural information analysis, building material data collection, cultural feature annotation and other links, and combines oblique photography, laser scanning, 3D modeling and other means to obtain building appearance data. Subsequently, the acquired data is sorted and stored through digital processing methods, and the building components are classified, labeled and associated according to the historical building information model. Finally, combined with virtual reality visualization technology, the model construction and information integration of historical buildings are realized to support research and subsequent applications.

[0004] Existing technologies rely on geometric reconstruction and construction process simulation, which makes it difficult to conduct fine-grained analysis of the aging state of building materials, resulting in difficulty in evaluating the continuous change trend of component performance during the long-term use of the building. Aging assessment methods based on vision or single mechanical simulation are difficult to capture the gradual process of material aging, resulting in aging judgments being limited to the obvious degree of surface changes, affecting the long-term prediction of structural durability. Structural mechanics analysis fails to fully consider the continuous impact of environmental factors, lacks long-term accumulation of environmental loads and foundation change data, resulting in uncertainty in the prediction of structural force changes. Component matching mainly relies on geometric similarity, fails to combine material properties and splicing relationships, resulting in insufficient matching accuracy of some components, affecting the structural consistency of the overall building model. In the process of building model reconstruction, although geometric data can be expressed in a refined manner, there is a lack of correlation analysis between material aging and structural force characteristics, making it difficult for the model to fully reflect the long-term stability of the building, affecting the accuracy of building maintenance and safety assessment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a method and system for constructing a historical building model based on BIM.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM, comprising the following steps: S1: Obtain the surface spectral reflectance data of building components, set the detection range, extract spectral features, integrate to form time series data, and obtain component spectral feature parameters; S2: Based on the spectral characteristic parameters of the component, calculate the change in absorbance, analyze the mean square error of the spectral data, divide the aging grade based on the aging model, and obtain the aging grade index of the building component; S3: using the building component aging grade index, analyzing the axial force, shear force, and bending moment of the load-bearing components, combining foundation settlement, wind load, and earthquake impact, evaluating the mechanical equilibrium state, calculating the change in bearing capacity under the influence of aging, deriving the structural deformation trend, and obtaining the trend value of the building structure morphology deviation; S4: Calculate component geometric parameters according to the building structure morphology deviation trend value, select splicing relationships, compare morphological features with the style database, and obtain building component morphology adaptation parameters; S5: calling the building component morphology adaptation parameters, extracting building geometry information from the BIM database, adjusting the docking relationship, optimizing the structure, and establishing a building model reconstruction step.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, the component spectral characteristic parameters include spectral absorption rate characteristic values, spectral boundary change points, and spectral time series data; the building component aging grade indicators include aging classification thresholds, spectral offsets, and material decay rates; the building structure morphology offset trend values ​​include structural stability offsets, force balance change values, and morphology deformation prediction parameters; the building component morphology adaptation parameters include geometric matching, component splicing adaptability, and style feature comparison results; and the building model reconstruction step includes component docking adjustment, geometric structure optimization, and overall building data integration.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention, the specific steps of obtaining the surface spectral reflectance data of the building component, setting the detection range, extracting the spectral characteristics, integrating to form time series data, and obtaining the spectral characteristic parameters of the component are as follows: S101: Acquire spectral reflectance data of the surface material of the building component, set the detection range, identify the wavelength range and resolution, call the set range to measure the spectral reflectance, and organize the data to form spectral reflectance curve data; S102: Based on the spectral reflectance curve data, extract the absorbance and corresponding wavelength value of the absorption peak, calculate the absorbance difference of adjacent absorption peaks, screen the boundary points whose change amplitude is greater than the set threshold, obtain the boundary change point data of the spectral curve, calculate the overall absorbance mean, integrate the characteristic absorption information of the spectral curve, and obtain the spectral characteristic absorption parameters; S103: calling the spectral characteristic absorption parameters, sorting the spectral parameters according to the time series, calculating the characteristic changes between the time series points, extracting the change range and the stable interval, and integrating them to form the component spectral characteristic parameters.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, based on the spectral characteristic parameters of the component, the specific steps of calculating the change in absorbance, analyzing the mean square error of the spectral data, and dividing the aging grade in combination with the aging model to obtain the aging grade index of the building component are as follows: S201: Acquire the spectral characteristic parameters of the component, select the wavelength point of the spectral curve, calculate the absorptivity of the wavelength point, sort out the absorptivity data, and form wavelength absorptivity distribution data; S202: Based on the wavelength absorption rate distribution data, analyze the mean square error of the spectrum curve, analyze the dispersion degree of the absorption rate, calculate the error value of the fitting curve, compare the deviation degree between the curve and the measured data, screen the area where the error is higher than the set threshold, extract the decay characteristics of the spectrum curve, and obtain the spectrum decay trend parameter; S203: calling the spectral decay trend parameter, comparing the threshold interval under the differentiated aging level, screening the spectral parameters that meet the aging level boundary, dividing the aging level of the component, and obtaining the aging level index of the building component.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the aging grade index of building components is used to analyze the axial force, shear force and bending moment of the load-bearing components, and combined with the foundation settlement, wind load and earthquake influence, the mechanical equilibrium state is evaluated, the change of bearing capacity under the influence of aging is calculated, the structural deformation trend is derived, and the specific steps of obtaining the trend value of the building structure morphology deviation are as follows: S301: Obtain the aging grade index of the building component, analyze the axial force, shear force and bending moment distribution of the load-bearing component, analyze the stress condition of the component, sort out the calculation results, and form stress distribution data of the load-bearing component; S302: Based on the stress distribution data of the load-bearing components, calculate the stress change value of the components under the influence of differentiated loads, call the foundation settlement, wind load and earthquake impact data, analyze the offset of the mechanical equilibrium state caused by environmental factors, select components with offsets higher than a set threshold, calculate the bearing capacity change value under the influence of aging, extract the stress change range under the action of differentiated loads, and obtain the mechanical equilibrium offset parameter; S303: calling the mechanical equilibrium offset parameter, analyzing the stress change trend of the component, calculating the cumulative offset value of the structural form, deriving the structural deformation trend under the differentiated aging level, and obtaining the building structure form offset trend value.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the calculation formula of the cumulative offset value of the structural form is specifically: ; in, represents the cumulative deviation value of the structural morphology, Representative The X-direction displacement coordinates of the component at the measurement moment, Represents the X-direction coordinate of the component at the initial moment, Representative The Y-direction displacement coordinate of the component at the measurement moment, Represents the Y coordinate of the component at the initial moment, Representative The Z-direction displacement coordinates of the component at the measurement moment, Representative The bending moment influence factor at each measurement moment, Represents the total number of measurement time steps.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the specific steps of calculating the geometric parameters of the components, screening the splicing relationship, comparing the morphological features with the style database, and obtaining the morphological adaptation parameters of the building components are as follows: S401: Obtain the deviation trend value of the building structure morphology, calculate the main axis direction, proportion parameters and edge curvature of the component, select the components that meet the morphology measurement standard, sort out the calculation results, and form the component geometric morphology parameters; S402: Based on the component geometric morphology parameters, analyze the component geometric adaptability, select components that meet the splicing relationship, calculate the connection offset of adjacent components, compare the curvature difference of component edges, select component pairs whose splicing errors are within a set threshold range, extract component combinations with higher adaptability, and obtain component splicing adaptation parameters; S403: calling the component splicing adaptation parameters, combining the morphological feature data of the style database, calculating the matching degree between the component morphology and the style benchmark, screening components with matching degrees higher than the set standard, and obtaining the building component morphological adaptation parameters.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, the calculation formula for the matching degree between the building component form and the set style benchmark is specifically: ; in, Represents the degree of match between the form of the building components and the set style benchmark, Representative The actual morphological parameter values ​​of the item component (such as aspect ratio, height-to-width ratio, etc.), Representative The value of the base morphological parameters in the item style database, Representative The weight coefficient of the item shape parameter, Representative The actual curvature parameter value of the item component, Representative The base curvature parameter value in the style database, Representative The adjustment coefficient of the curvature parameter, Represents the total number of morphological parameter items, Represents the total number of curvature parameter items.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, the specific steps of calling the building component morphology adaptation parameters, extracting building geometry information from the BIM database, adjusting the docking relationship, optimizing the structure, and establishing the building model reconstruction step are: S501: calling the building component morphology adaptation parameter, extracting geometric information of the building components from the BIM database, selecting components that meet the splicing relationship, and arranging the data to form a building component geometric information set; S502: Based on the building component geometric information set, adjusting the component docking relationship, calculating the connection offset of adjacent components, selecting component pairs whose offsets are within a set threshold range, optimizing the component splicing sequence, adjusting the spatial positioning parameters of the structural components, extracting the optimized component combination, and obtaining the optimized component splicing parameters; S503: calling the optimized component splicing parameters, integrating the geometric information of the optimized components, adjusting the overall building structure relationship, sorting out the spatial component data, and establishing a building model reconstruction step.

[0015] A BIM-based historical building model construction system, comprising: a spectral feature extraction module to obtain spectral reflectance data of surface materials of building components, collect spectral reflectance curves, extract peak absorptivity, boundary change points and average absorptivity, integrate spectral features to form time series data, and obtain component spectral feature parameters; The aging assessment module calculates the absorptivity of the wavelength point based on the spectral characteristic parameters of the component, analyzes the mean square error and curve fitting error of the spectral data, performs comparative analysis in combination with the aging model, divides the aging level threshold, and obtains the aging level index of the building component; The mechanical stability analysis module uses the building component aging grade index to analyze the axial force, shear force and bending moment distribution of the load-bearing components, calculates the stress change value of the components, combines foundation settlement, wind load, earthquake influence, evaluates the mechanical equilibrium state through environmental factors, derives the structural deformation trend, and obtains the trend value of the building structure morphology deviation; The morphology matching calculation module calculates the main axis direction, proportion parameters, and edge curvature of the component according to the deviation trend value of the building structure morphology, analyzes the geometric adaptability, compares the morphological features with the style database, and obtains the morphological adaptation parameters of the building component; The BIM model reconstruction module calls the building component morphology adaptation parameters, extracts building geometry information from the BIM database, adjusts the component docking relationship, optimizes the overall structure, and establishes a building model reconstruction step.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: In the present invention, through the detailed analysis of spectral reflectance, this scheme accurately evaluates component aging, avoids subjective judgment errors, improves accuracy, uses mean square error and curve fitting technology to finely quantify the aging process, reduces evaluation errors, combines dynamic mechanical analysis, incorporates environmental factors to comprehensively evaluate building stability, optimizes structural safety prediction, and uses geometric adaptation analysis to improve component matching accuracy, reduce errors, optimize reconstruction effects, enhance the geometric and mechanical accuracy of the building model, and improves the practicality and reliability of the model through systematic data integration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flow chart of the steps of S1 of the present invention; Figure 3 is a flow chart of the steps of S2 of the present invention; Figure 4 is a flow chart of the steps of S3 of the present invention; Figure 5 is a flow chart of the steps of S4 of the present invention; Figure 6 is a flow chart of the steps of S5 of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a system module diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0020] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "example" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "example" is intended to present the concept in a specific way. In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or it can be either of the two.

[0021] In the embodiments of the present invention, "image" and "picture" can sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that when the difference between them is not emphasized, the meanings they intend to express are the same. "of", "corresponding, relevant" and "corresponding" can sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that when the difference between them is not emphasized, the meanings they intend to express are the same.

[0022] In the embodiments of the present invention, sometimes the subscripts such as W 1 It may be written in non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning is the same.

[0023] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] See also Figure 1 , a method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM, comprising the following steps: S1: Obtain spectral reflectance data of the surface material of building components, set the detection range, collect spectral reflectance curves, extract peak absorptivity, boundary change points and average absorptivity, integrate spectral features to form time series data, and obtain component spectral feature parameters; S2: Based on the spectral characteristic parameters of the components, calculate the absorptivity of the wavelength points, analyze the mean square error and curve fitting error of the spectral data, evaluate the material decay trend, conduct comparative analysis in combination with the aging model, divide the aging level threshold, and obtain the aging level index of the building components; S3: Use the building component aging grade index to analyze the axial force, shear force and bending moment distribution of the load-bearing components, calculate the stress change value of the components, combine the foundation settlement, wind load, earthquake impact, evaluate the mechanical equilibrium state through environmental factors, calculate the change of bearing capacity under the influence of aging, deduce the structural deformation trend, and obtain the trend value of the building structure morphology deviation; S4: According to the trend value of the building structure morphology deviation, calculate the main axis direction, proportion parameters, and edge curvature of the component, analyze the geometric adaptability, screen the component splicing relationship, compare the morphological characteristics with the style database, and obtain the building component morphology adaptation parameters; S5: Call the building component morphology adaptation parameters, extract the building geometry information from the BIM database, adjust the component docking relationship, optimize the overall structure, integrate the data, and establish the building model reconstruction steps.

[0025] The spectral characteristic parameters of components include spectral absorption rate characteristic values, spectral boundary change points, and spectral time series data. The aging grade indicators of building components include aging classification thresholds, spectral offsets, and material decay rates. The trend values ​​of building structure morphology offsets include structural stability offsets, force balance change values, and morphological deformation prediction parameters. The morphological adaptation parameters of building components include geometric matching, component splicing adaptability, and style feature comparison results. The steps of reconstructing the building model include component docking adjustment, geometric structure optimization, and overall building data integration.

[0026] See also Figure 2 , the specific steps of S1 are: S101: Acquire spectral reflectance data of the surface material of the building component, set the detection range, identify the wavelength range and resolution, call the set range to measure the spectral reflectance, and organize the data to form spectral reflectance curve data; To obtain the spectral reflectance data of the surface materials of building components, it is necessary to first clarify the material type of the building components and select a suitable spectral instrument to detect the target material. First, when setting the detection range, it is necessary to set a reasonable spectral measurement band range based on the material characteristics of the building components, and select the measurement wavelength range based on the spectral response characteristics of known materials. For example, for concrete materials, the main spectral response range is concentrated in the visible light and near-infrared range (400nm-2500nm), while for metal materials, a higher wavelength range may be required. After setting the wavelength range, it is necessary to select a suitable spectral resolution. For example, set the resolution to 10nm, that is, between 400nm-2500nm. Within the range, reflectivity data is collected every 10nm. Then, the measuring equipment is called to measure the spectral reflectivity. The light source intensity needs to be calibrated during measurement to ensure that the incident angle of the measuring beam is stable. For example, the light source is fixed at a 45° angle and a standard white board is used for benchmark correction. During the measurement process, data from multiple measurement points are collected and their average is calculated to reduce the impact of noise. For example, reflectivity data from five points on the surface of the same component are collected and averaged to obtain the final spectral reflectivity data. Finally, the measured data is organized into spectral reflectivity curve data. The curve data must include the correspondence between wavelength and reflectivity, and is output in the form of a data table or graph to form a spectral reflectivity curve.

[0027] S102: Based on the spectral reflectance curve data, extract the absorbance and corresponding wavelength value of the absorption peak, calculate the absorbance difference of adjacent absorption peaks, screen the boundary points whose change amplitude is greater than the set threshold, obtain the boundary change point data of the spectral curve, calculate the overall absorbance mean, integrate the characteristic absorption information of the spectral curve, and obtain the spectral characteristic absorption parameters; Extract the absorbance and corresponding wavelength value of the absorption peak. First, obtain the wavelength point with lower reflectance from the spectral reflectance data as the potential absorption peak position, set an absorbance threshold, such as the point with reflectance lower than 40% as the absorption peak point, and count the wavelength values ​​of these points. For example, in a spectral data set, the reflectance at wavelengths of 700nm, 1200nm, and 1800nm ​​are 35%, 30%, and 25%, respectively. These wavelength points can be identified as absorption peak points, and their corresponding absorbances are 65%, 70%, and 75%, respectively. Then, calculate the absorbance difference between adjacent absorption peaks. For example, the absorbance difference between 700nm and 1200nm is 70%-65%=5%, and the absorbance difference between 1200nm and 1800nm ​​is 70%-65%=5%. The absorbance difference is 75%-70%=5%. A change threshold is set, such as 5%. The boundary points with a change amplitude greater than the set threshold are screened to obtain the boundary change point data of the spectral curve, that is, the wavelength points with prominent absorbance changes are extracted. For example, if the absorbance change of a certain data point reaches 8%, it is stored in the data set as a boundary change point, and the overall absorbance mean is calculated by averaging all absorbance data, such as (65%+70%+75%) / 3=70%. Then, the characteristic absorption information of the spectral curve is integrated, and the wavelength, absorbance and its change of all absorption peaks are recorded. Finally, the spectral characteristic absorption parameters are obtained, including absorption peak wavelength, absorbance, absorbance change and other information, and output as a characteristic parameter set.

[0028] S103: calling the spectral characteristic absorption parameters, sorting the spectral parameters according to the time series, calculating the characteristic changes between the time series points, extracting the change range and the stable interval, and integrating them to form the component spectral characteristic parameters; Sort the spectral parameters according to the time series. First, establish a time series data set and arrange the spectral characteristic parameters measured at different time points in chronological order. For example, the absorbances corresponding to t1, t2, and t3 are 68%, 72%, and 69%, respectively. Then calculate the characteristic changes between the time series points and the absorbance change value of each adjacent time point. For example, the change value from t1 to t2 is 72%-68%=4%, and the change value from t2 to t3 is 69%-72%=3%. Extract the change range and stable interval. For example, if the change threshold is set to ±3%, the data points from t2 to t3 belong to the stable interval, and the data points from t1 to t2 belong to the change interval. Finally, integrate to form the component spectral characteristic parameters, including the time series absorbance change data, stable interval and change amplitude data, and finally obtain the component spectral characteristic parameter set.

[0029] See also Figure 3 , the specific steps of S2 are: S201: Acquire component spectral characteristic parameters, select wavelength points of the spectral curve, calculate the absorptivity of the wavelength points, sort out the absorptivity data, and form wavelength absorptivity distribution data; Select the wavelength points of the spectral curve. First, select the key wavelength points from the spectral characteristic parameter set. For example, for concrete materials, select the wavelength points at the main absorption peak positions of 700nm, 1200nm, and 1800nm, and ensure that these wavelength points cover the main spectral characteristic area. Then, calculate the absorbance of the wavelength points. For each selected wavelength point, calculate the absorbance based on its spectral reflectance data. The absorbance calculation method is reflectance. For example, if the reflectance of a material at 700nm is 35%, then its absorbance is calculated as 0.35=0.65, that is, the absorbance is 65%. Repeat this calculation step. , obtain the absorbance data of all selected wavelength points, then organize the absorbance data, arrange all calculated absorbance values ​​according to the wavelength points to form an absorbance data set, for example, 700nm corresponds to an absorbance of 65%, 1200nm corresponds to an absorbance of 70%, and 1800nm ​​corresponds to an absorbance of 75%. The organized data can be stored as a table or array, and finally, the wavelength absorbance distribution data is formed. The complete wavelength absorbance distribution data must include the absorbance of each wavelength point and be presented in the form of a data table or graph, so that it can be used for subsequent spectral feature analysis to obtain complete wavelength absorbance distribution data.

[0030] S202: Based on the wavelength absorption rate distribution data, analyze the mean square error of the spectrum curve, analyze the dispersion degree of the absorption rate, calculate the error value of the fitting curve, compare the deviation degree between the curve and the measured data, screen the area where the error is higher than the set threshold, extract the decay characteristics of the spectrum curve, and obtain the spectrum decay trend parameter; Analyze the mean square error of the spectral curve. First, calculate the square of the deviation between the absorptivity of each wavelength point and the mean, and find the average value. For example, if the absorptivity of three wavelength points of a component is 65%, 70%, and 75%, its average is (65%+70%+75%) / 3=70%. Calculate the square of the deviation of each point, such as (65%-70%)²=25, (70%-70%)²=0, (75%-70%)²=25, and the mean square error is (25+0+25) / 3=16.67. Next, analyze the degree of dispersion of the absorptivity and evaluate whether there is a large fluctuation in the absorptivity data through the mean square error value. If the mean square error is less than 10, it means that the data is relatively concentrated. If the mean square error is greater than 20, it means that the absorptivity data fluctuates greatly. Then, calculate the error value of the fitting curve. Use the difference between the actual measured absorptivity and the absorptivity calculated by the fitting curve. For example For example, if the calculated absorbance of the fitting curve at 700nm, 1200nm, and 1800nm ​​is 64%, 71%, and 76%, respectively, the errors are |65%-64%|=1%, |70%-71%|=1%, and |75%-76%|=1%, respectively. Then, the degree of deviation between the curve and the measured data is compared, and a deviation threshold is set, such as 2%, to filter out areas where the error is higher than the threshold. For example, if the calculated error at a certain wavelength point is 3%, the data at this wavelength point is filtered out as an area with a large deviation. Next, the decay characteristics of the spectral curve are extracted, and the wavelength points and error change trends of all areas with large deviations are recorded, and the spectral decay trend is summarized. Finally, the spectral decay trend parameters are obtained, which include information such as wavelength points in areas with large deviations, error amplitudes, and error change trends, and are output as a spectral decay trend parameter set.

[0031] S203: calling the spectrum decay trend parameter, comparing the threshold interval under the differentiated aging level, screening the spectrum parameters that meet the aging level boundary, dividing the aging level of the component, and obtaining the aging level index of the building component; Compare the threshold intervals under differentiated aging levels. First, set the error thresholds for different aging levels. For example, the error threshold for slight aging is set to 0%-2%, the error threshold for moderate aging is set to 2%-5%, and the error threshold for severe aging is set to above 5%. Then, screen the spectral parameters that meet the aging level boundaries. For the error value of each wavelength point, determine the aging level interval to which it belongs. For example, if the error value of a wavelength point is 1.5%, then the point belongs to the slight aging level. If the error value of a wavelength point is 3.2%, it belongs to the moderate aging level. If the error value of a wavelength point is 6.0%, it belongs to the severe aging level. Then, divide the aging level of the component, count the aging level proportion of all wavelength points, and determine the aging level of the overall component based on the highest proportion level. For example, if 70% of the wavelength points in the spectral data of a component belong to the moderate aging level, then the overall aging level of the component is determined to be moderate aging. Finally, obtain the aging level index of the building component, which includes the aging level, error range, proportion, etc., and output the complete aging level assessment result.

[0032] See also Figure 4 , the specific steps of S3 are: S301: Obtain the aging grade index of the building components, analyze the axial force, shear force and bending moment distribution of the load-bearing components, analyze the stress conditions of the components, organize the calculation results, and form the stress distribution data of the load-bearing components; Analyze the axial force, shear force and bending moment distribution of load-bearing components. First, extract the aging grade data of specific components, such as reinforced concrete beams or steel columns, and calculate the axial force in combination with the structural dimensions and load distribution. When calculating the axial force, it is necessary to consider the vertical load and its own gravity borne by the component. For example, if the cross-sectional dimensions of a concrete column are 300mm×300mm and the vertical load is 150kN, then the calculated axial force value is 150kN. Next, calculate the shear force. The shear force comes from the influence of horizontal loads or support reaction forces. For example, if the component is subjected to a wind load of 5kN / m and the column height is 3m, the shear force is calculated to be 5kN / m×3m=15kN. Then, calculate the bending moment distribution. The bending moment is usually determined by the load and the force. It is determined by the arm length. For example, if the wind load action point is 1.5m away from the bottom of the column, the bending moment is calculated to be 15kN×1.5m=22.5kN·m. To analyze the stress condition of the component, it is necessary to compare the calculated axial force, shear force, and bending moment, and determine whether they exceed the allowable range of the material design. For example, if the axial bearing capacity of the concrete column is 200kN, the shear bearing capacity is 25kN, and the bending moment bearing capacity is 30kN·m, then the current calculated values ​​are within the limit. The calculation results are sorted out, and all force calculation values ​​are associated with the component aging grade data, and stored in the database according to the numbers of different components to form complete stress distribution data of load-bearing components. The final output is a stress distribution data set containing axial force, shear force, bending moment and corresponding aging grade.

[0033] S302: Based on the stress distribution data of the load-bearing components, calculate the stress change value of the components under the influence of differentiated loads, call the foundation settlement, wind load and earthquake impact data, analyze the offset of the mechanical equilibrium state caused by environmental factors, select components with offsets higher than the set threshold, calculate the change value of the bearing capacity under the influence of aging, extract the stress change range under the action of differentiated loads, and obtain the mechanical equilibrium offset parameters; Calculate the stress change value of the component under the influence of differentiated loads. First, obtain the calculated stress value of the component under different loads. For example, under normal use load, the stress in a beam section is 10MPa, and after the wind load, the stress increases to 15MPa. The stress change value is calculated as 15MPa-10MPa=5MPa. Call the foundation settlement, wind load and earthquake impact data to extract the influence of various environmental factors on the structural force. For example, the additional bending moment caused by foundation settlement is calculated as M=Δ×E×I / L, where Δ is the settlement, E is the material elastic modulus, I is the section inertia moment, and L is the component length. If a column settles 5mm, E=3×10 4 MPa, I=8×10 6 , L=3m, then M=5mm×3×10 4 MPa×8×10 6 / 3m=400kN·m, analyze the offset of the mechanical equilibrium state caused by environmental factors, compare the force change value caused by each environmental factor with the original force value, and calculate the offset. For example, if the bending moment change caused by settlement is 400kN·m, and the original bending moment is 22.5kN·m, the offset is calculated as 400kN·m-22.5kN·m=377.5kN·m, and filter out components with offsets higher than the set threshold. If the offset threshold is set to 100kN·m, the component is judged as a target component with a greater impact, and the change in bearing capacity under the influence of aging is calculated. Through the material properties of the component, its residual bearing capacity is calculated. For example, If the original bearing capacity is 500kN·m and it decreases to 450kN·m due to aging, the bearing capacity change value is calculated as 500kN·m-450kN·m=50kN·m. The stress variation range under differentiated loads is extracted, and the stress variation range of components under various loads is statistically analyzed. For example, the maximum stress change value of a component is 5MPa, and the minimum stress change value is 1MPa. The stress variation range is 1MPa-5MPa. Finally, the mechanical equilibrium offset parameter is obtained, which includes the stress change value, the influence of environmental factors, the bearing capacity change value and the stress variation range, and a complete set of mechanical equilibrium offset parameters is output.

[0034] S303: calling the mechanical equilibrium offset parameter, analyzing the stress change trend of the component, calculating the cumulative offset value of the structural form, deriving the structural deformation trend under the differentiated aging level, and obtaining the offset trend value of the building structure form; The calculation formula of the cumulative offset value of the structural form is as follows: ; in, represents the cumulative deviation value of the structural morphology, Representative The X-direction displacement coordinates of the component at the measurement moment, Represents the X-direction coordinate of the component at the initial moment, Representative The Y-direction displacement coordinate of the component at the measurement moment, Represents the Y coordinate of the component at the initial moment, Representative The Z-direction displacement coordinates of the component at the measurement moment, Representative The bending moment influence factor at each measurement moment, Represents the total number of measurement time steps.

[0035] formula Indicates the cumulative offset value of the structural form, including the displacement of the X, Y, and Z coordinate axes and the bending moment influence factor impact.

[0036] and Respectively represent The displacement coordinates and initial coordinates of the X direction of the component at the measurement moment. These values ​​are obtained by real-time monitoring through precise displacement sensors. For example, in building monitoring, the sensor accuracy can reach 0.01mm. Assuming that the initial X coordinate of a monitoring point at the first measurement moment is 200.00mm, the X direction displacement coordinate at the next measurement moment becomes 200.05mm.

[0037] and represents the same measurements, but in the Y direction. These coordinates are also measured with high-precision equipment. Set an actual measurement, 150.00mm, It is 150.02mm.

[0038] represents the displacement in the Z direction, which is obtained by the same method. Assume It is 100.00mm.

[0039] is the bending moment influence factor, which is calculated by the structural engineer based on loading tests. If the member under consideration experiences moderate bending moments during the test, Can be set to 0.05.

[0040] According to the above settings, the calculation example formula is: ; Further calculation: ; ; ; The calculation results show that after the superposition of the measurement moments, the cumulative displacement of the structure under the influence of the bending moment reaches nearly 100mm. This shows the deformation that the structure may experience, which is an important indicator for the safety monitoring and maintenance of building structures.

[0041] See also Figure 5 , the specific steps of S4 are: S401: Obtain the trend value of the building structure morphology deviation, calculate the main axis direction, proportion parameters and edge curvature of the component, select the components that meet the morphology measurement standard, sort out the calculation results, and form the component geometric morphology parameters; Calculate the main axis direction, proportional parameters and edge curvature of the component. First, extract the geometric center coordinates of the component. Calculate its main axis direction based on the length direction and maximum axial dimension of the component. For example, for a beam, its length direction is set as the X-axis and the section height direction is set as the Y-axis, then the main axis direction can be defined as the X-axis. Next, calculate the proportional parameters. By measuring the length, width and height of the component, calculate its proportional relationship. For example, a component is 3m long, 0.3m wide and 0.5m high. Its proportional parameters are calculated as length-width ratio = 3m / 0.3m = 10 and height-width ratio = 0.5m / 0.3m = 1.67. Then, calculate the edge curvature of the component. Extract multiple points on the boundary curve and calculate the change in the tangent slope of adjacent points. For example, at two adjacent points ( x1, y1) and (x2, y2), calculate its tangent slope k=(y2-y1) / (x2-x1), and then calculate the curvature κ=|d²y / dx²| / (1+(dy / dx)²)^(3 / 2). If the edge heights of a component at x=1m and x=2m are 0.3m and 0.35m respectively, the curvature is calculated as κ=|0.05 / (1+0.5²)^(3 / 2)|. Select components that meet the morphological measurement standards, compare the calculated proportional parameters and curvature values ​​with the set standard values, if the aspect ratio error is within the range of ±5%, and the edge curvature error is less than 0.01, the component meets the measurement standard, organize the calculation results, store the calculated principal axis direction, proportional parameters and curvature data, and classify them according to the component number to finally form the component geometric morphological parameters.

[0042] S402: Based on the geometric morphological parameters of the components, the geometric adaptability of the components is analyzed, components that meet the splicing relationship are selected, the connection offsets of adjacent components are calculated, the curvature differences of the component edges are compared, component pairs whose splicing errors are within the set threshold range are selected, and component combinations with higher adaptability are extracted to obtain component splicing adaptation parameters; First, obtain the geometric data of all components and calculate the size difference of adjacent components. For example, if the length, width and height of adjacent component A are 3m, 0.3m and 0.5m, and the length, width and height of component B are 3.1m, 0.3m and 0.5m, then the size difference is calculated as ΔL=|3.1m-3m|=0.1m, ΔW=|0.3m-0.3m|=0m, ΔH=|0.5m-0.5m|=0m, select components that meet the splicing relationship, set the splicing error threshold, such as the length error is less than 0.2m, the width error is less than 0.05m, and the height error is less than 0.05m, then determine that components A and B can be spliced, calculate the connection offset of adjacent components, and obtain the connection edge coordinates of the two components. For example, the center point of the connection edge of component A is (1.5m, 0.25m). The center point of the connecting edge of component B is (1.55m, 0.25m), then the offset is calculated as ΔX=|1.55m-1.5m|=0.05m, ΔY=|0.25m-0.25m|=0m. Compare the curvature differences of the component edges and calculate the curvature change at the splicing boundary. For example, the edge curvature of component A is 0.02, and the edge curvature of component B is 0.025, then the curvature difference Δκ=|0.025-0.02|=0.005. Component pairs with splicing errors within the set threshold range are screened. If the curvature error threshold is set to 0.01, A and B can be spliced. Component combinations with higher adaptability are extracted, and component combinations that meet the splicing conditions are counted. Parameters such as the offset and curvature change at the splicing boundary are recorded to finally obtain the component splicing adaptation parameters.

[0043] S403: calling component splicing adaptation parameters, combining the morphological feature data of the style database, calculating the matching degree between the component morphology and the style benchmark, screening components with matching degrees higher than the set standard, and obtaining the building component morphological adaptation parameters; The specific calculation formula for the matching degree between the building component form and the set style benchmark is: ; in, Represents the degree of match between the form of the building components and the set style benchmark, Representative The actual morphological parameter values ​​of the item component (such as aspect ratio, height-to-width ratio, etc.), Representative The value of the base morphological parameters in the item style database, Representative The weight coefficient of the item shape parameter, Representative The actual curvature parameter value of the item component, Representative The base curvature parameter value in the style database, Representative The adjustment coefficient of the curvature parameter, Represents the total number of morphological parameter items, Represents the total number of curvature parameters: formula Calculate the matching degree of the building component form with the set style benchmark. This matching degree is obtained by comparing the difference between the actual form parameters of the component and the form parameters of the style benchmark, and weighting each parameter according to its importance.

[0044] Calculation of morphological parameters: The actual measurement shape parameters, such as length and width ratio. The actual length is 300cm and the width is 100cm, then The length-to-width ratio is 3.0.

[0045] It is the morphological parameter corresponding to the style benchmark. If the benchmark ratio is 2.5, it will be this value.

[0046] is the weight of this morphological parameter, set according to design importance. For the length-to-width ratio, the weight might be 1.5.

[0047] Calculation of curvature parameters: and are the curvature parameters of the actual measurement and the benchmark respectively. is 0.02 (unitless), and Set to 0.015.

[0048] is the adjustment factor for curvature, which can be set to 2.0, depending on the sensitivity of curvature changes.

[0049] Example: Assume that there are two morphological parameters and one curvature parameter in the system for comparison. Morphological parameters: actual length-to-width ratio 3.0 and 4.0, reference ratio 2.5 and 3.5, weights 1.5 and 2.0. Curvature parameters: actual curvature 0.02, reference curvature 0.015, adjustment coefficient 2.0.

[0050] Calculation process: ; ; ; ; The result shows that the style matching score of the given component is 0.5825. The lower score indicates that the actual component form is significantly different from the set style benchmark, and further design adjustments or the selection of different components may be required to better match the predetermined style.

[0051] See also Figure 6 , the specific steps of S5 are: S501: calling the building component morphology adaptation parameters, extracting the geometric information of the building components from the BIM database, selecting the components that meet the splicing relationship, and arranging the data to form a building component geometric information set; Extract the geometric information of building components from the BIM database. First, retrieve the building component data in the BIM database to obtain the length, width, height and edge curvature parameters of each component. For example, the length, width and height of a component are 3m, 0.3m and 0.5m respectively, and the edge curvature is 0.02. Then, select the components that meet the splicing relationship, extract the geometric morphological parameters of all components, compare the component size, curvature and the offset of the connecting edge, and set the splicing threshold. If the length, width and height error is less than ±5cm and the curvature error is less than 0.01, it is determined that the component can be spliced. For example, the size of component A is 3m×0.3m×0.5m, and the size of component B is 3.02m×0.3m×0.5m, with an error of ΔL=0.02m, ΔW=0m, and ΔH=0m, which meets the splicing conditions. After sorting the component data that meet the splicing relationship, the final output is a building component geometric information set containing component number, size parameters, curvature parameters and splicing adaptation relationship.

[0052] S502: Based on the geometric information set of building components, the component docking relationship is adjusted, the connection offset of adjacent components is calculated, the component pairs whose offsets are within the set threshold range are screened, the component splicing sequence is optimized, the spatial positioning parameters of the structural components are adjusted, the optimized component combination is extracted, and the optimized component splicing parameters are obtained; First, according to the splicing adaptation parameters of the components, all component combinations that meet the splicing relationship are obtained, and the splicing order is adjusted. For example, if component A and component B, component B and component C meet the splicing conditions, the order of ABC is adjusted first to minimize the splicing error, calculate the connection offset of adjacent components, and extract the splicing point coordinates of two adjacent components. For example, the center coordinates of the connection point of component A are (1.5m, 0.25m), and the center coordinates of the connection point of component B are (1.55m, 0.25m). The offset is calculated as ΔX=|1.55m1.5m|=0.05m, ΔY=0m. Filter the component pairs whose offsets are within the set threshold range, and set the splicing error threshold, such as ΔX≤0.1m, ΔY≤ If the offset of component A is 0.05m, then components A and B are determined to be splicable, and the component splicing order is optimized, and the component combination with the smallest splicing offset is arranged in front. For example, if the offset of component AB is 0.05m and the offset of component BC is 0.08m, then the order of ABC is kept unchanged, and the spatial positioning parameters of the structural components are adjusted. According to the splicing offset, the spatial coordinates of the components are corrected. For example, if the offset of component B exceeds the set range, the X coordinate of B is adjusted to reduce its splicing offset with A to 0.02m, and the optimized component combination is extracted. The adjusted splicing data is stored in the database, and finally the optimized component splicing parameters are obtained, including the adjusted splicing order, the corrected spatial positioning parameters and the final connection offset data.

[0053] S503: calling optimized component splicing parameters, integrating geometric information of optimized components, adjusting the overall building structure relationship, sorting out spatial component data, and establishing building model reconstruction steps; First, the length, width, height, splicing point coordinates and edge curvature data of all components after adjustment are obtained, and the component numbers are rearranged to conform to the optimized splicing order. For example, the component number is adjusted from ABC to ACB to reduce the overall splicing error, adjust the overall building structure relationship, calculate the connection offset between all components, and correct the component spatial coordinates that exceed the threshold. For example, if the splicing offset of component C relative to B is 0.12m, which exceeds the set threshold of 0.1m, the X coordinate of C is adjusted by 0.02m to reduce the splicing error to 0.1m, organize the spatial component data, store the optimized spatial coordinates of all components, and summarize the splicing status and adjustment information of each component. Finally, the building model reconstruction step is established, which includes optimizing the splicing order, correcting the spatial coordinates, component adjustment information and complete building structure relationship data, and outputs a complete building model reconstruction data set.

[0054] See also Figure 7 , a historical building model construction system based on BIM, including: The spectral feature extraction module obtains the spectral reflectance data of the surface materials of building components, collects the spectral reflectance curve, extracts the peak absorptivity, boundary change points and average absorptivity, integrates the spectral features to form time series data, and obtains the spectral feature parameters of the components; The aging assessment module calculates the absorptivity of wavelength points based on the component spectral characteristic parameters, analyzes the mean square error and curve fitting error of the spectral data, conducts comparative analysis in combination with the aging model, divides the aging level threshold, and obtains the aging level index of the building components; The mechanical stability analysis module uses the building component aging grade index to analyze the axial force, shear force and bending moment distribution of the load-bearing components, calculates the stress change value of the components, combines the foundation settlement, wind load, and earthquake impact, evaluates the mechanical equilibrium state through environmental factors, derives the structural deformation trend, and obtains the trend value of the building structure morphology deviation; The morphological matching calculation module calculates the main axis direction, proportion parameters, and edge curvature of the component according to the trend value of the building structure morphology deviation, analyzes the geometric adaptability, compares the morphological features with the style database, and obtains the morphological adaptation parameters of the building component; The BIM model reconstruction module calls the building component morphology adaptation parameters, extracts the building geometry information from the BIM database, adjusts the component docking relationship, optimizes the overall structure, and establishes the building model reconstruction steps.

[0055] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Obtain the surface spectral reflectance data of building components, set the detection range, extract spectral features, integrate to form time series data, and obtain component spectral feature parameters; S2: Based on the spectral characteristic parameters of the component, calculate the change in absorbance, analyze the mean square error of the spectral data, divide the aging grade based on the aging model, and obtain the aging grade index of the building component; S3: using the building component aging grade index, analyzing the axial force, shear force, and bending moment of the load-bearing components, combining foundation settlement, wind load, and earthquake impact, evaluating the mechanical equilibrium state, calculating the change in bearing capacity under the influence of aging, deriving the structural deformation trend, and obtaining the trend value of the building structure morphology deviation; S4: Calculate component geometric parameters according to the building structure morphology deviation trend value, select splicing relationships, compare morphological features with the style database, and obtain building component morphology adaptation parameters; S5: calling the building component morphology adaptation parameters, extracting building geometry information from the BIM database, adjusting the docking relationship, optimizing the structure, and establishing a building model reconstruction step.

2. The method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The component spectral characteristic parameters include spectral absorption rate characteristic values, spectral boundary change points, and spectral time series data; the building component aging grade indicators include aging classification thresholds, spectral offsets, and material decay rates; the building structure morphology offset trend values ​​include structural stability offsets, force balance change values, and morphology deformation prediction parameters; the building component morphology adaptation parameters include geometric matching, component splicing adaptability, and style feature comparison results; the building model reconstruction steps include component docking adjustment, geometric structure optimization, and overall building data integration.

3. The method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of obtaining the surface spectral reflectance data of building components, setting the detection range, extracting spectral features, integrating to form time series data, and obtaining the spectral characteristic parameters of components are as follows: S101: Acquire spectral reflectance data of the surface material of the building component, set the detection range, identify the wavelength range and resolution, call the set range to measure the spectral reflectance, and organize the data to form spectral reflectance curve data; S102: Based on the spectral reflectance curve data, extract the absorbance and corresponding wavelength value of the absorption peak, calculate the absorbance difference of adjacent absorption peaks, screen the boundary points whose change amplitude is greater than the set threshold, obtain the boundary change point data of the spectral curve, calculate the overall absorbance mean, integrate the characteristic absorption information of the spectral curve, and obtain the spectral characteristic absorption parameters; S103: calling the spectral characteristic absorption parameters, sorting the spectral parameters according to the time series, calculating the characteristic changes between the time series points, extracting the change range and the stable interval, and integrating them to form the component spectral characteristic parameters.

4. The method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the spectral characteristic parameters of the component, the specific steps of calculating the change in absorbance, analyzing the mean square error of the spectral data, and dividing the aging grade in combination with the aging model to obtain the aging grade index of the building component are as follows: S201: Acquire the spectral characteristic parameters of the component, select the wavelength point of the spectral curve, calculate the absorptivity of the wavelength point, sort out the absorptivity data, and form wavelength absorptivity distribution data; S202: Based on the wavelength absorption rate distribution data, analyze the mean square error of the spectrum curve, analyze the dispersion degree of the absorption rate, calculate the error value of the fitting curve, compare the deviation degree between the curve and the measured data, screen the area where the error is higher than the set threshold, extract the decay characteristics of the spectrum curve, and obtain the spectrum decay trend parameter; S203: calling the spectral decay trend parameter, comparing the threshold interval under the differentiated aging level, screening the spectral parameters that meet the aging level boundary, dividing the aging level of the component, and obtaining the aging level index of the building component.

5. The method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of using the building component aging grade index to analyze the axial force, shear force, and bending moment of the load-bearing components, combining foundation settlement, wind load, and earthquake impact, evaluating the mechanical equilibrium state, calculating the change in bearing capacity under the influence of aging, and deriving the structural deformation trend to obtain the trend value of the building structure morphology deviation are as follows: S301: Obtain the aging grade index of the building component, analyze the axial force, shear force and bending moment distribution of the load-bearing component, analyze the stress condition of the component, sort out the calculation results, and form stress distribution data of the load-bearing component; S302: Based on the stress distribution data of the load-bearing components, calculate the stress change value of the components under the influence of differentiated loads, call the foundation settlement, wind load and earthquake impact data, analyze the offset of the mechanical equilibrium state caused by environmental factors, select components with offsets higher than a set threshold, calculate the change value of the bearing capacity under the influence of aging, extract the stress change range under the action of differentiated loads, and obtain the mechanical equilibrium offset parameter; S303: calling the mechanical equilibrium offset parameter, analyzing the stress change trend of the component, calculating the cumulative offset value of the structural form, deriving the structural deformation trend under the differentiated aging level, and obtaining the building structure form offset trend value.

6. The method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the cumulative offset value of the structural form is specifically: ； in, represents the cumulative deviation value of the structural morphology, Representative The X-direction displacement coordinates of the component at the measurement moment, Represents the X-direction coordinate of the component at the initial moment, Representative The Y-direction displacement coordinate of the component at the measurement moment, Represents the Y coordinate of the component at the initial moment, Representative The Z-direction displacement coordinates of the component at the measurement moment, Representative The bending moment influence factor at each measurement moment, Represents the total number of measurement time steps.

7. The method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the building structure morphology deviation trend value, the geometric parameters of the components are calculated, the splicing relationship is screened, and the morphological features are compared with the style database to obtain the building component morphology adaptation parameters. The specific steps are as follows: S401: Obtain the deviation trend value of the building structure morphology, calculate the main axis direction, proportion parameters and edge curvature of the component, select the components that meet the morphology measurement standard, sort out the calculation results, and form the component geometric morphology parameters; S402: Based on the component geometric morphology parameters, analyze the component geometric adaptability, select components that meet the splicing relationship, calculate the connection offset of adjacent components, compare the curvature difference of component edges, select component pairs whose splicing errors are within a set threshold range, extract component combinations with higher adaptability, and obtain component splicing adaptation parameters; S403: calling the component splicing adaptation parameters, combining the morphological feature data of the style database, calculating the matching degree between the component morphology and the style benchmark, screening components with matching degrees higher than the set standard, and obtaining the building component morphological adaptation parameters.

8. The method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific calculation formula for the matching degree between the building component form and the set style benchmark is: ； in, Represents the matching degree between the building component form and the set style benchmark, Representative The actual morphological parameter value of the item component, Representative The value of the base morphological parameters in the item style database, Representative The weight coefficient of the item shape parameter, Representative The actual curvature parameter value of the item component, Representative The base curvature parameter value in the style database, Representative The adjustment coefficient of the curvature parameter, Represents the total number of morphological parameter items, Represents the total number of curvature parameter items.

9. The method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of calling the building component morphology adaptation parameters, extracting building geometry information from the BIM database, adjusting the docking relationship, optimizing the structure, and establishing the building model reconstruction step are: S501: calling the building component morphology adaptation parameter, extracting geometric information of the building components from the BIM database, selecting components that meet the splicing relationship, and arranging the data to form a building component geometric information set; S502: Based on the building component geometric information set, adjusting the component docking relationship, calculating the connection offset of adjacent components, selecting component pairs whose offsets are within a set threshold range, optimizing the component splicing sequence, adjusting the spatial positioning parameters of the structural components, extracting the optimized component combination, and obtaining the optimized component splicing parameters; S503: calling the optimized component splicing parameters, integrating the geometric information of the optimized components, adjusting the overall building structure relationship, sorting out the spatial component data, and establishing a building model reconstruction step.

10. A historical building model construction system based on BIM, characterized in that: According to a method for constructing a historical building model based on BIM according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the system comprises: The spectral feature extraction module obtains the spectral reflectance data of the surface materials of building components, collects the spectral reflectance curve, extracts the peak absorptivity, boundary change points and average absorptivity, integrates the spectral features to form time series data, and obtains the spectral feature parameters of the components; The aging assessment module calculates the absorptivity of the wavelength point based on the spectral characteristic parameters of the component, analyzes the mean square error and curve fitting error of the spectral data, performs comparative analysis in combination with the aging model, divides the aging level threshold, and obtains the aging level index of the building component; The mechanical stability analysis module uses the building component aging grade index to analyze the axial force, shear force and bending moment distribution of the load-bearing components, calculates the stress change value of the components, combines foundation settlement, wind load, earthquake influence, evaluates the mechanical equilibrium state through environmental factors, derives the structural deformation trend, and obtains the trend value of the building structure morphology deviation; The morphology matching calculation module calculates the main axis direction, proportion parameters, and edge curvature of the component according to the deviation trend value of the building structure morphology, analyzes the geometric adaptability, compares the morphological features with the style database, and obtains the morphological adaptation parameters of the building component; The BIM model reconstruction module calls the building component morphology adaptation parameters, extracts building geometry information from the BIM database, adjusts the component docking relationship, optimizes the overall structure, and establishes a building model reconstruction step.

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