A large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system and method, which belongs to the field of agricultural resource utilization technology. The system includes four main modules: the manure characteristic parameter extraction module is responsible for dividing the dairy cow manure into equal volumes, obtaining the physical, chemical and biological characteristic parameters of each sample and performing pre-processing; the manure fertilizer efficiency analysis module calculates the manure fertilizer efficiency index based on chemical and biological characteristic parameters, covering chemical characteristics such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and biological characteristics such as organic matter content; the manure environmental utilization analysis module calculates the manure resource utilization index, environmental risk index and fermentation suitability index to evaluate the environmental protection and resource utilization potential of manure; the manure utilization method judgment module integrates various indexes to generate a manure utilization judgment coefficient, and compares it with the set threshold to judge the specific utilization method of each manure sample. The system aims to improve the resource utilization efficiency of dairy cow manure and promote environmental protection and sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural resource utilization, and in particular to a management system and method for monitoring and utilizing manure in large-scale dairy cow farming. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern animal husbandry, the trend toward intensification and large-scale production of livestock farms is intensifying. Dairy cattle farming, as a crucial component of the livestock industry, boasts high yields and significant economic benefits. However, large-scale farming also generates large amounts of manure, which, if improperly handled, can cause serious environmental pollution. For example, volatile substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in manure can cause air pollution, while the loss of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen can lead to eutrophication and even surface and groundwater pollution. Furthermore, the indiscriminate storage or discharge of untreated manure can consume land resources and pose health risks. Therefore, the scientific and efficient management and utilization of dairy cow manure has become a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the livestock industry.

[0003] At present, the mainstream technologies for treating dairy cow manure include composting, anaerobic fermentation (biogas fermentation), land application and industrial processing. It converts organic matter in manure into bioenergy such as methane through microbial metabolic processes, while achieving the degradation and stabilization of pollutants. However, due to the significant differences in the chemical composition, biological activity and physical properties of dairy cow manure, its suitability for anaerobic fermentation requires a comprehensive analysis based on multiple parameters, including organic matter content, methane precursor concentration and ambient temperature. The distribution of these factors in different manure samples is significantly uneven, which affects the overall efficiency of biogas fermentation. In addition, the current management systems for dairy cow manure mostly focus on the monitoring of a single indicator and lack a comprehensive analysis of comprehensive indicators, resulting in certain restrictions on the efficiency of manure resource utilization and environmental benefits.

[0004] On the other hand, in addition to anaerobic fermentation, the rational application of manure to land is another efficient way of resource utilization. However, this method is also limited by the fertilizer efficiency characteristics of manure (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content) and potential environmental risks (such as pH, volatile substance concentration, etc.). In the existing technology, the analysis of manure fertilizer efficiency mainly focuses on the evaluation of single nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and lacks consideration of organic matter content and microbial activity, resulting in an incomplete evaluation of manure fertilizer efficiency. In terms of environmental protection utilization, the concentration of volatile substances in manure (such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide) is generally underestimated as a potential threat to the land environment and human health, and there is a lack of a systematic evaluation mechanism.

[0005] In the prior art, publication number CN114814111A discloses a large-scale pig farming manure monitoring and utilization management system and method, which includes a farmland information subsystem, a crop information subsystem and a manure information subsystem, wherein the farmland information subsystem monitors the information of multiple plots of farmland; the crop information subsystem monitors the information of crops on multiple plots of farmland; the manure information subsystem monitors the information of breeding manure generated by multiple pig farms; the large-scale pig farming manure monitoring, management and utilization system also includes a matching subsystem, which dynamically matches multiple plots of farmland with the breeding manure generated by multiple pig farms during the crop growth cycle based on the information of multiple plots of farmland, the information of crops on multiple plots of farmland and the information of breeding manure generated by pig farms. However, the dynamic matching mechanism in this scheme is too simple and lacks intelligence. The scheme only focuses on applying manure to farmland, and does not fully evaluate other resource utilization methods of manure (such as composting and anaerobic fermentation), resulting in a single system function and limiting the comprehensive utilization potential of manure. Furthermore, the indiscriminate use of manure and sewage can pose significant environmental risks, but the plan does not fully consider these risks. Therefore, relying solely on this system reduces the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the regulatory system.

[0006] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system and method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system, specifically including:

[0010] The manure characteristic parameter extraction module is used to divide the manure of the dairy cows to be managed into equal volumes to obtain several manure samples, sample each manure sample, obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each manure sample, and pre-process the obtained parameters to obtain the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each manure sample;

[0011] A manure fertilizer efficiency analysis module is used to calculate the manure fertilizer efficiency index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration; the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity;

[0012] A manure environmental utilization analysis module is used to calculate a manure resource utilization index based on the chemical and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample; an environmental risk index based on the physical and chemical characteristic parameters; and a fermentation suitability index based on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristic parameters, where the physical characteristic parameters include manure moisture and manure temperature.

[0013] The manure utilization method judgment module is used to generate a dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, and compare the manure utilization judgment coefficient with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. According to different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged.

[0014] Furthermore, the manure and sewage of the dairy cows to be managed are divided into equal volumes to obtain several dairy cow manure and sewage samples, wherein the manure and sewage of the dairy cows to be managed are divided into m dairy cow manure and sewage samples of equal volumes, and each dairy cow manure and sewage sample is mixed evenly and then sampled to obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure and sewage sample, and the obtained parameters are preprocessed, and the preprocessing includes dimension removal and data cleaning, removing parameter units and deleting abnormal data.

[0015] Furthermore, based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure fertilizer efficiency index is calculated, wherein the formula for calculating the manure fertilizer efficiency index is:

[0016]

[0017] Where FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, P is the phosphorus content of manure, K is the potassium content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, and α is the influence coefficient of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency. The specific formula for calculating the influence coefficient α of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency is:

[0018]

[0019] Where R is microbial activity, C is carbon content of manure, CN optis the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio, where microbial activity is characterized by microbial respiration rate, based on the formula:

[0020]

[0021] Where Δt is the time interval, ΔCO2 is the change in carbon dioxide concentration in the cow manure sample during the time interval Δt, and V is the volume of each cow manure sample.

[0022] Furthermore, based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure resource utilization index is calculated, wherein the formula for calculating the manure resource utilization index is:

[0023]

[0024] Where ZY is the manure resource utilization index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, R is the microbial activity, and C is the carbon content of manure.

[0025] Furthermore, based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, the environmental risk index is calculated, wherein the formula for calculating the environmental risk index is:

[0026]

[0027] Where HX is the environmental risk index, NH3 is the ammonia concentration, H2S is the hydrogen sulfide concentration, HR moi Indicates the humidity of manure, and PH indicates the pH value of manure;

[0028] Based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, the fermentation suitability index is calculated. The formula for calculating the fermentation suitability index is:

[0029]

[0030] Where SY is the fermentation suitability index, CH4 is the methane concentration, T is the manure temperature, T for The reference temperature for fermentation.

[0031] Furthermore, based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, a dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is generated. The formula for calculating the dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] Where ZH is the judgment coefficient of dairy cow manure utilization, FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, ZY is the manure resource utilization index, SY is the fermentation suitability index, HX is the environmental risk index, ω1, ω2, ω3 and ω4 are the weight coefficients of the environmental risk index, manure fertilizer efficiency index, manure resource utilization index and fermentation suitability index respectively;

[0034] The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. Based on the different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged. The logic for judging the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is as follows:

[0035] When ZH≥1.0*yz, it is judged as high-quality manure, indicating that the manure is suitable for use as organic fertilizer;

[0036] When 0.4*yz≤ZH<1.0*yz, it is judged as medium-quality manure, indicating that the manure is suitable for biogas fermentation;

[0037] When 0≤ZH<0.4*yz, it is judged as low-quality manure, indicating that the manure is suitable for composting and soil improvement:

[0038] Where yz is the pre-set manure utilization judgment threshold.

[0039] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring, utilizing and managing manure in large-scale dairy cow farming. The method is used to control the above-mentioned monitoring, utilizing and managing manure in large-scale dairy cow farming, and the specific steps include:

[0040] Dividing the dairy cow manure to be managed into equal volumes to obtain a number of dairy cow manure samples, sampling each dairy cow manure sample, obtaining physical parameters, chemical parameters, and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, and preprocessing the obtained parameters to obtain physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters, and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample;

[0041] The manure fertilizer efficiency index is calculated based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration; the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity;

[0042] Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, a manure resource utilization index is calculated; based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, an environmental risk index is calculated; based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, a fermentation suitability index is calculated; the physical characteristic parameters include manure moisture and manure temperature;

[0043] Based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, a dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is generated. The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. Based on different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is determined.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] First, through the manure characteristic parameter extraction module, this system addresses the issue of incomplete acquisition of physical, chemical, and biological parameters in manure. This comprehensive extraction of dairy cow manure's physical properties (humidity, temperature), chemical properties (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon content, and volatile matter concentration), and biological properties (organic matter content, microbial activity) not only improves the accuracy of resource utilization of dairy cow manure but also lays a data foundation for the development of personalized manure treatment plans. Second, through the design of a manure fertilizer efficiency analysis module, this system addresses the single and incomplete fertilizer efficiency assessment issues in existing technologies. The essence of manure fertilizer efficiency is the comprehensive performance of its nutrient content. In addition to considering conventional chemical parameters such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, this system also incorporates the assessment of organic matter content and microbial activity in manure. This improvement provides a more comprehensive reflection of manure's fertilizer efficiency characteristics, particularly providing stronger guidance for the long-term soil improvement effects of manure application. Finally, calculation methods for the resource utilization index, environmental risk index, and fermentation suitability index are introduced to evaluate manure's resource utilization potential and environmental impact from multiple dimensions. Through comprehensive analysis of parameters such as temperature, the suitability of manure for anaerobic fermentation or other utilization methods can be accurately determined. Furthermore, the calculation of an environmental risk index provides a scientific basis for the use of dairy manure in environmentally sensitive areas, effectively reducing the pollution risks associated with the indiscriminate use of manure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall system structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the overall method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0049] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention should have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0050] Example:

[0051] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0052] A large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0053] The manure characteristic parameter extraction module is used to divide the manure of the dairy cows to be managed into equal volumes to obtain several dairy cow manure samples, sample each dairy cow manure sample, obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, pre-process the obtained parameters, and obtain the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample.

[0054] The manure and sewage of the dairy cows to be managed are divided into equal volumes to obtain several dairy cow manure and sewage samples, wherein the manure and sewage of the dairy cows to be managed are divided into m dairy cow manure and sewage samples of equal volumes, each dairy cow manure and sewage sample is mixed evenly and then sampled, and the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure and sewage sample are obtained, and the obtained parameters are preprocessed, and the preprocessing includes dimension removal and data cleaning, removing parameter units and deleting abnormal data.

[0055] The specific steps of deleting abnormal data include: calculating the average value of each parameter corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, and when the test data is greater than When , the group of parameters is marked as abnormal data and deleted, where θ is the abnormal proportional constant, which is set according to expert experience, cs mean Represents the mean value of the parameter.

[0056] At the same time, dimensionless processing is a common technical means and will not be described in detail here.

[0057] The manure fertilizer efficiency analysis module is used to calculate the manure fertilizer efficiency index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration; the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity.

[0058] The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of manure can be determined through chemical analysis, most commonly using methods such as the Kjeldahl method and spectrophotometry. After sampling, the sample is humidified, and then the corresponding chemical reactions are used to generate the compounds required for determination, which are then quantitatively analyzed using instruments.

[0059] Carbon content of manure: usually measured by dry combustion method (such as elemental analyzer). The sample is burned at high temperature and the amount of carbon dioxide released is proportional to the carbon content.

[0060] Manure pH: This can be measured directly using a pH meter. Mix the manure sample with deionized water in a certain proportion and measure the pH value after it stabilizes.

[0061] Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and methane concentrations: Quantitative analysis is performed using gas chromatography. Samples are collected using a specific sampling bottle or gas collection tube, and then separated and quantified using a gas chromatograph.

[0062] Organic matter content: This is typically determined using either the ashing method or the chemical oxidation method. The ashing method involves burning a sample at high temperature and measuring the mass of the residue. The chemical oxidation method involves oxidizing organic matter with a strong oxidant and measuring the relationship between the amount of oxidant consumed and the organic matter content.

[0063] Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure fertilizer efficiency index is calculated. The formula for calculating the manure fertilizer efficiency index is:

[0064]

[0065] Where FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, P is the phosphorus content of manure, K is the potassium content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, and α is the influence coefficient of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency.

[0066] The manure fertilizer efficiency index (FX) is used to evaluate and quantify the effectiveness and value of dairy manure in soil improvement and crop production. The FX value reflects the combined fertilizer efficiency of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter in dairy manure. A higher FX value indicates a greater fertilizer effectiveness.

[0067] It should be noted that ln(1+N) represents the nitrogen content of manure. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth and directly affects plant growth, leaf development and yield. Therefore, the greater the nitrogen content in manure, the greater the manure fertilizer efficiency index FX, which means that the manure is more effective as a fertilizer. At the same time, it is expressed in logarithmic form that as the nitrogen content increases, the impact of nitrogen content on the fertilizer efficiency index decreases. Excessive nitrogen content may lead to soil erosion and other effects, reflecting the nonlinear effect of nitrogen.

[0068] Phosphorus and potassium are also essential nutrients for plant growth. Phosphorus contributes to root development and energy conversion, while potassium plays an important role in water regulation and stress resistance. Therefore, the larger the P*K value, the more conducive it is to plant growth, and the more suitable the manure is as a fertilizer. Therefore, the phosphorus content and potassium content of manure are both proportional to the manure fertilizer efficiency index FX. At the same time, The square root setting can balance the contribution of the two to fertilizer efficiency, preventing excessive influence of one nutrient on the fertilizer efficiency index.

[0069] Organic matter has a significant impact on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. It can improve soil structure, increase water retention capacity and provide long-lasting nutrient release. Therefore, the higher the organic matter content, the more conducive it is to plant growth. Therefore, the organic matter content OM is proportional to the manure fertilizer efficiency index FX. Organic matter is introduced in the form of α*OM to emphasize its importance in fertilizer efficiency. α is an influence coefficient used to adjust the contribution of organic matter to fertilizer efficiency, taking into account that the actual effects of organic matter in different types of manure may vary.

[0070] The specific formula for calculating the influence coefficient α of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency is:

[0071]

[0072] Where R is microbial activity, C is carbon content of manure, CN opt For the best carbon-nitrogen ratio.

[0073] Among them, organic matter OM is one of the most important indicators in fertilizer. Its functions include improving soil structure, promoting nutrient release and improving soil water retention. The larger the organic matter OM, the more obvious the improvement effect on the land. Therefore, the influence coefficient α of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency is also greater. At the same time, log3(1+OM) is used to express the diminishing marginal utility of organic matter. When OM is low, a small increase will significantly improve fertilizer efficiency. When OM is high, the effect of further increase on fertilizer efficiency gradually weakens, which is in line with the empirical law in actual fertilizer application.

[0074] Microbial activity R is a key factor in the decomposition of organic matter and the release of nutrients. High microbial activity helps to quickly decompose organic matter and release effective nutrients for crop absorption. Low microbial activity will reduce the decomposition rate of organic matter, resulting in limited fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, the greater the microbial activity R, the better the organic matter decomposition and nutrient release. Therefore, the microbial activity R is proportional to the influence coefficient α of the contribution of organic matter to fertilizer efficiency. At the same time, through the exponential form, it is expressed that the greater the microbial activity R, the greater the influence coefficient α on the contribution to fertilizer efficiency.

[0075] The carbon-nitrogen ratio is a key parameter for microbial metabolism and nutrient balance during the decomposition of organic matter. If the C / N ratio is too low, the nitrogen content may be too high, which may lead to excessive nitrogen release (such as ammonia volatilization), affecting fertilizer efficiency and environmental safety. If the C / N ratio is too high, the carbon content may be too high, which may inhibit microbial activity and delay the decomposition of organic matter and the release of nutrients. opt Indicates the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio, ensuring optimal microbial metabolism and nutrient release during manure treatment. Therefore, when C / N≈CN opt When C / N deviates from CN opt When the factor modifies the contribution of fertilizer efficiency, the exponential function It means that when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is large, the coefficient α of fertilizer efficiency contribution will have a negative correlation effect. opt It can be set by consulting materials, and can also be set according to local environment and expert opinions.

[0076] The microbial activity is characterized by the microbial respiration rate, and the specific formula is:

[0077]

[0078] Where Δt is the time interval, ΔCO2 is the change in carbon dioxide concentration in the cow manure sample during the time interval Δt, and V is the volume of each cow manure sample. The time interval Δt should be measured no more than five hours after the manure is generated.

[0079] The manure environmental utilization analysis module is used to calculate the manure resource utilization index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, calculate the environmental risk index based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, and calculate the fermentation suitability index based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters. The physical characteristic parameters include manure humidity and manure temperature.

[0080] Based on the chemical and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure resource utilization index was calculated. The formula for calculating the manure resource utilization index is:

[0081]

[0082] Where ZY is the manure resource utilization index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, R is the microbial activity, and C is the carbon content of manure.

[0083] The manure resource utilization index is used to illustrate the resource utilization potential of manure. The higher the value, the greater the resource utilization potential of manure, the higher the resource utilization efficiency, and the manure is more suitable for direct treatment as fertilizer or compost.

[0084] Nitrogen is the core nutrient for plant growth and plays a decisive role in the resource utilization of manure (such as promoting crop growth and increasing yield). A higher nitrogen content will significantly improve the fertilizer efficiency and utilization potential of manure. Therefore, N is proportional to the manure resource utilization index ZY, which is expressed in square form. 2 This is to reflect the nonlinear effect of nitrogen content on the value of resource utilization. A higher nitrogen content will significantly improve the fertilizer efficiency and utilization potential of manure. The square form amplifies the contribution of nitrogen content and highlights the importance of high-quality manure (high nitrogen content).

[0085] The linear effect of OM in the formula reflects its importance in resource utilization, but it is not as significant as the contribution of nitrogen content. No exponential or square form is used, which reflects the dominant role of nitrogen in short-term fertilizer efficiency, while organic matter has more long-term improvement effects.

[0086] When the microbial activity R increases, the influence of the factor (1+R) on the overall index increases significantly, indicating that high microbial activity can enhance the efficiency of manure resource utilization and is therefore proportional to the manure resource utilization index.

[0087] High carbon content in manure (especially non-effective carbon) may inhibit resource utilization efficiency. Excessive carbon content may trigger microbial competition for nitrogen resources, inhibit the decomposition of organic matter and the release of effective nutrients. High carbon may lead to an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio and affect fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, the carbon content C of manure is inversely proportional to the manure resource utilization index. When C increases, the square term of the denominator (1+C) 2 The rapid increase and significant reduction of ZY reflect the inhibitory effect of high carbon content on resource utilization efficiency.

[0088] Based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, the environmental risk index is calculated. The formula for calculating the environmental risk index is:

[0089]

[0090] Where HX is the environmental risk index, NH3 is the ammonia concentration, H2S is the hydrogen sulfide concentration, HR moi It indicates the humidity of manure, and pH indicates the pH value of manure.

[0091] The environmental risk index HX is used to comprehensively consider the gases generated by manure and the environmental humidity, reflecting the impact of using manure directly as organic fertilizer on the environment. The larger the environmental risk index HX, the more serious the pollution to the environment, and the less suitable it is for use as organic fertilizer.

[0092] Ammonia concentration NH3 and hydrogen sulfide concentration H2S are the main pollutants in manure treatment. The volatilization of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide can cause serious air pollution, especially odor problems. High concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are harmful to human health and can cause respiratory irritation or even poisoning. Volatile sulfur and nitrogen compounds contribute significantly to the acidification of the surrounding environment and water pollution. Therefore, the higher the ammonia concentration NH3 and hydrogen sulfide concentration H2S, the greater the impact on the environment. Therefore, it is proportional to the environmental risk index HX, indicating that the manure is less suitable for direct use as organic fertilizer. Direct use of concentration values may result in excessive numerical differences, while the logarithmic function can smooth out the order of magnitude differences in concentrations, making the changes in indicators more balanced at high and low concentrations.

[0093] Manure humidity HR moi Both high and low humidity levels can affect the microbial activity in manure, altering the decomposition rate of organic matter and the release rate of pollutants. High humidity can increase the release of volatile gases (such as NH3 and H2S), increasing air pollution. Excessive humidity can also cause manure to liquefy, exacerbating soil and water pollution. Therefore, higher humidity levels lead to increased environmental pollution, which is proportional to the environmental risk index (HX). Therefore, it is not suitable for direct use as an organic fertilizer.

[0094] Under neutral conditions, the release of volatile gases and the activity of microorganisms are most balanced, and the environmental risk is low. When the pH value is greater than 7, it means that the manure is acidic and has a greater impact on the land. At the same time, the exponential function shows that the greater the difference, the more serious the impact on the environment. Therefore, the smaller 1+e(PH-7), the The larger it is, the more inversely proportional it is to the environmental risk index HX.

[0095] Based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, the fermentation suitability index is calculated. The formula for calculating the fermentation suitability index is:

[0096]

[0097] Where SY is the fermentation suitability index, CH4 is the methane concentration, T is the manure temperature, T for The reference temperature for fermentation.

[0098] The fermentation suitability index comprehensively considers environmental factors such as humidity and temperature, and combines methane concentration and ammonia concentration to characterize the degree to which manure is suitable for fermentation. The larger the value, the more suitable the manure is for fermentation.

[0099] Humidity is a key parameter affecting the fermentation process of manure. Too low humidity will inhibit microbial activity and lead to reduced fermentation efficiency. High organic matter content can increase the production of methane and other combustible gases. Therefore, humidity and organic matter content are directly proportional to the fermentation suitability index. The higher the value, the more suitable the manure is for fermentation.

[0100] The product of humidity and organic matter reflects their synergistic effect, but using the product may lead to actual deviations from the actual results, especially when one parameter is abnormal (such as excessively high humidity or extremely high organic matter content). Using the cube root can smooth out such extreme values, avoiding distortion of the index caused by a single parameter being too large or too small, while retaining the core characteristics of the interaction between the two.

[0101] Ammonia is an important by-product produced during the decomposition of organic matter. An appropriate amount of ammonia is the result of microbial metabolic activity and can reflect whether the fermentation process is normal. Methane is the main target product of anaerobic fermentation, and its concentration can directly reflect the efficiency and state of the fermentation process. A high methane concentration indicates that the anaerobic conditions are good and the fermentation process is sufficient. Therefore, the concentrations of ammonia and methane can reflect the degree of fermentation. Therefore, the concentrations of ammonia and methane are proportional to the fermentation suitability index. The larger the value, the more suitable the manure is for fermentation.

[0102] Temperature is the core parameter in the fermentation process. The difference between the temperature and the reference temperature indicates the degree to which the actual temperature deviates from the optimal fermentation temperature. The smaller the value, the more suitable the fermentation conditions. When the value is larger, the fermentation suitability will be significantly reduced. Therefore, TT for Inversely proportional to SY, the fermentation reference temperature is set by referring to relevant data.

[0103] The manure utilization method judgment module is used to generate a dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, and compare the manure utilization judgment coefficient with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. According to different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged.

[0104] Based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, the dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is generated. The formula for calculating the dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] Where ZH is the judgment coefficient of dairy cow manure utilization, FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, ZY is the manure resource utilization index, SY is the fermentation suitability index, HX is the environmental risk index, ω1, ω2, ω3 and ω4 are the weight coefficients of the environmental risk index, manure fertilizer efficiency index, manure resource utilization index and fermentation suitability index respectively;

[0107] The dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient ZH comprehensively considers the manure resource utilization index, fermentation suitability index, environmental risk index and fermentation suitability index, and is used to judge the suitability of manure utilization. The larger the value, the greater the probability that the manure can be directly used as organic fertilizer.

[0108] Among them, the larger the manure resource utilization index, fermentation suitability index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, the higher the utilization rate of manure, and therefore it is directly proportional to ZH. The larger the environmental risk index, the greater the pollution to the environment, and therefore it is inversely proportional to ZH.

[0109] Among them, through FX 2 The square form indicates the significant effect of manure fertilizer efficiency index on ZH. The square root method is used to reduce the effect of fermentation suitability index on ZH. Finally, the exponential form is used to Characterize the important effects of environmental pollution.

[0110] At the same time, since we are now committed to sustainable development, the impact of environmental pollution should be given priority consideration to achieve green development. Therefore, the weight coefficient of the environmental risk index is set to the maximum. In addition, the manure fertilizer efficiency index represents the nutrients in manure. The larger it is, the more it can be used as fertilizer. In addition, the manure resource utilization index is compared with the fermentation suitability index to more directly reflect the utilization value of manure. Therefore, ω1>ω2>ω3>ω4 is set, and ω1, ω2, ω3 and ω4 are all greater than 0.

[0111] The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. Based on the different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged. The logic for judging the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is as follows:

[0112] When ZH≥1.0*yz, it is judged as high-quality manure, indicating that the manure is suitable for use as organic fertilizer;

[0113] When 0.4*yz≤ZH<1.0*yz, it is judged as medium-quality manure, indicating that the manure is suitable for biogas fermentation;

[0114] When 0≤ZH<0.4*yz, it is judged as low-quality manure, indicating that the manure is suitable for composting and soil improvement:

[0115] Where yz is the pre-set manure utilization judgment threshold.

[0116] See also Figure 2 The present invention also provides a method for monitoring, utilizing and managing manure in large-scale dairy cow farming. The method is used to control the above-mentioned monitoring, utilizing and managing manure in large-scale dairy cow farming. The specific steps include:

[0117] Step 1: Divide the dairy cow manure to be managed into equal volumes to obtain several dairy cow manure samples, sample each dairy cow manure sample, obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters, and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, and pre-process the obtained parameters to obtain the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters, and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample;

[0118] Step 2: Calculate the manure fertilizer efficiency index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration; and the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity;

[0119] Step 3: Calculate the manure resource utilization index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample; calculate the environmental risk index based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters; and calculate the fermentation suitability index based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters, and biological characteristic parameters, where the physical characteristic parameters include manure moisture and manure temperature;

[0120] Step 4: Based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, a dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is generated. The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. Based on different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is determined.

[0121] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation to obtain the most recent real situation. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0122] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0123] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment as needed.

[0124] The above is only a specific implementation method of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in this application, which should be covered by the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system, characterized in that: Specifically include: The manure characteristic parameter extraction module is used to divide the manure of the dairy cows to be managed into equal volumes to obtain several manure samples, sample each manure sample, obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each manure sample, and pre-process the obtained parameters to obtain the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each manure sample; A manure fertilizer efficiency analysis module is used to calculate the manure fertilizer efficiency index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration; the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity; A manure environmental utilization analysis module is used to calculate a manure resource utilization index based on the chemical and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample; an environmental risk index based on the physical and chemical characteristic parameters; and a fermentation suitability index based on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristic parameters, where the physical characteristic parameters include manure moisture and manure temperature. The manure utilization method judgment module is used to generate a dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, and compare the manure utilization judgment coefficient with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. According to different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged.

2. The system for monitoring and utilizing large-scale dairy cow excrement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manure and sewage of the dairy cows to be managed are divided into equal volumes to obtain several dairy cow manure and sewage samples, wherein the manure and sewage of the dairy cows to be managed are divided into m dairy cow manure and sewage samples of equal volumes, each dairy cow manure and sewage sample is mixed evenly and then sampled, and the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure and sewage sample are obtained, and the obtained parameters are preprocessed, and the preprocessing includes dimension removal and data cleaning, removing parameter units and deleting abnormal data.

3. A large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure fertilizer efficiency index is calculated. The formula for calculating the manure fertilizer efficiency index is: Where FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, P is the phosphorus content of manure, K is the potassium content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, and α is the influence coefficient of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency. The specific formula for calculating the influence coefficient α of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency is: Where R is microbial activity, C is carbon content of manure, CN opt is the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio, where microbial activity is characterized by microbial respiration rate, based on the formula: Where Δt is the time interval, ΔCO2 is the change in carbon dioxide concentration in the cow manure sample during the time interval Δt, and V is the volume of each cow manure sample.

4. The system for monitoring and utilizing large-scale dairy cow excrement according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the chemical and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure resource utilization index was calculated. The formula for calculating the manure resource utilization index is: Where ZY is the manure resource utilization index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, R is the microbial activity, and C is the carbon content of manure.

5. The system for monitoring, utilizing and managing large-scale dairy cow excrement according to claim 4, characterized in that: Based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, the environmental risk index is calculated. The formula for calculating the environmental risk index is: Where HX is the environmental risk index, NH3 is the ammonia concentration, H2S is the hydrogen sulfide concentration, HR moi Indicates the humidity of manure, and PH indicates the pH value of manure; Based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, the fermentation suitability index is calculated. The formula for calculating the fermentation suitability index is: Where SY is the fermentation suitability index, CH4 is the methane concentration, T is the manure temperature, T for The reference temperature for fermentation.

6. The system for monitoring, utilizing and managing dairy cow manure in large-scale farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, the dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is generated. The formula for calculating the dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is as follows: Where ZH is the judgment coefficient of dairy cow manure utilization, FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, ZY is the manure resource utilization index, SY is the fermentation suitability index, HX is the environmental risk index, ω1, ω2, ω3 and ω4 are the weight coefficients of the environmental risk index, manure fertilizer efficiency index, manure resource utilization index and fermentation suitability index respectively; The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. Based on the different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged. The logic for judging the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is as follows: When ZH≥1.0*yz, it is judged as high-quality manure, indicating that the manure is suitable for use as organic fertilizer; When 0.4*yz≤ZH<1.0*yz, it is judged as medium-quality manure, indicating that the manure is suitable for biogas fermentation; When 0≤ZH<0.4*yz, it is judged as low-quality manure, indicating that the manure is suitable for composting and soil improvement; Where yz is the pre-set manure utilization judgment threshold.

7. A method for monitoring, utilizing and managing dairy cow manure in large-scale farming, characterized by: The method for monitoring, utilizing and managing excrement in large-scale dairy cow farming is used to control the monitoring, utilizing and managing system for excrement in large-scale dairy cow farming according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the specific steps include: Dividing the dairy cow manure to be managed into equal volumes to obtain a number of dairy cow manure samples, sampling each dairy cow manure sample, obtaining physical parameters, chemical parameters, and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, and preprocessing the obtained parameters to obtain physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters, and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample; The manure fertilizer efficiency index is calculated based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration; the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity; Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, a manure resource utilization index is calculated; based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, an environmental risk index is calculated; based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, a fermentation suitability index is calculated; the physical characteristic parameters include manure moisture and manure temperature; Based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, a dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is generated. The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. Based on different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is determined.

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