A device for monitoring and early warning of erosion failure of a water diversion tunnel of a hydropower station

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of water conservancy diversion tunnel erosion damage monitoring and early warning device, including being opened in the residue collection tank of pressure tunnel;The residue collection tank is provided with rock-penetrating signal transmitter and bottom plate by support spring;Rock-penetrating signal receiver is arranged outside rock mass and is connected with rock-penetrating signal transmitter wireless communication;Switch, the switch is arranged in the bottom of bottom plate and is used to trigger rock-penetrating signal transmitter;The present application uses bottom plate structure to monitor and alarm the amount of sand in residue collection tank and combines rock-penetrating wireless communication technology transmission alarm signal, solves the problem that wired device cannot be arranged due to the particularity of structure in pressure long diversion tunnel.The information of sand accumulation in residue collection tank is transmitted to the outside world in time, the purpose of the running state of diversion tunnel and disaster alarm is realized, and disaster prevention measures are prepared in advance for the equipment on the downstream side of diversion tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of real-time monitoring technology for the operating status of pressurized long water diversion tunnels, specifically to a monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage in water diversion tunnels of hydropower stations. Background Technology

[0002] The permanent support for pressurized water diversion tunnels in hydropower stations typically employs three methods: unlined, shotcrete and anchor support, and reinforced concrete lining. To prevent water flow from carrying sediment and to prevent debris from falling into the turbine from the unlined section of the tunnel, a slag collection pit is installed at the front end of the reinforced concrete lining section. Water entering the tunnel generally passes through an inlet slag collection basin and a debris screen for filtration. However, the unlined section of the water diversion tunnel is easily eroded and damaged by the water flow. Most of the eroded sand and gravel enters the slag collection basin through the flow channel. Therefore, changes in the amount of sand and gravel accumulated in the slag collection basin can serve as a key indicator for assessing the operational status of the unlined section of the water diversion tunnel.

[0003] Timely acquisition of the amount of silted sand and gravel in the slag collection pond is a prerequisite for disaster early warning of the unlined section of the water diversion tunnel. Current technology usually uses manual measurement methods (conducted once a year), which cannot achieve regular or timely monitoring and assessment of the erosion and damage of the water diversion tunnel in case of emergencies.

[0004] Current methods for monitoring sedimentation mainly include: manual depth gauges, sonar detection, radar, and time domain reflectometer (TDR) methods. Signal transmission is generally divided into wired communication systems and wireless communication systems. Wired communication systems rely on a single wire to connect two communication nodes for information transmission. Wireless communication systems do not use cables for information transmission; instead, they employ strong electromagnetic waves as the propagation medium.

[0005] The depth measurement method using manual depth gauges is often limited by many factors such as terrain, weather conditions, and the actual depth being measured; sonar and radar are susceptible to interference, have low accuracy, and poor stability; time domain reflectometers (TDRs) are too expensive, and their main sensor components are easily damaged in extreme environments.

[0006] Wireless communication has a large transmission range, but pressurized tunnels are often accompanied by thick rock walls. The signal strength of through-ground communication is greatly reduced due to attenuation in the strata and water layers. The electromagnetic parameters of the strata are quite variable, and the technology for transmitting and detecting weak signals is not very mature.

[0007] Pressurized tunnels have high water flow velocities and intact tunnel structures. Damaging the tunnel to lay electrical wires or cables would create weak points, jeopardizing its stability. Furthermore, using battery-powered wireless equipment and having a long tunnel monitoring cycle (typically once a year) makes it impossible to achieve continuous, high-precision, and high-intensity monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage in hydropower station water diversion tunnels to solve the aforementioned problems.

[0009] This invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] A monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage in a hydropower station's water diversion tunnel includes a slag collection pool located in the pressurized tunnel.

[0011] The slag collection pool is equipped with a rock-penetrating signal transmitter and a bottom plate supported by springs.

[0012] A rock penetration signal receiver, wherein the rock penetration signal receiver is disposed outside the rock mass and is wirelessly connected to the rock penetration signal transmitter;

[0013] A switch, which is located at the bottom of the base plate and is used to trigger the rock-penetrating signal transmitter.

[0014] Preferably, a telescopic hydraulic rod is provided between the bottom wall and the bottom plate of the slag collection tank.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom of the base plate is provided with an adjusting cylinder, which is used to move the trigger plate at its output end closer to or away from the switch.

[0016] Preferably, a liquid storage cylinder is provided at the bottom of the base plate, and the liquid outlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod is divided into two paths by a separator, which are unidirectionally connected to the inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder and the first cavity of the regulating cylinder, respectively. The inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder is unidirectionally connected to the second cavity of the regulating cylinder through a delay structure. Both the first cavity and the second cavity of the regulating cylinder are connected to the liquid inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod.

[0017] Preferably, a second piston block is provided in the inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder, and a spring is provided between the inner wall of the liquid storage cylinder and the second piston block.

[0018] Preferably, the delay structure includes regulating pipes with inlet and outlet, a fixing plate inside the regulating pipe, and an overflow hole on the fixing plate.

[0019] Preferably, the fixed plate has multiple sets of overflow holes with different diameters, and a worm gear is rotatably connected to the fixed plate. The worm gear has multiple sets of overflow holes, and the worm gear rotates relative to the fixed plate so that a set of overflow holes with the same diameter is aligned.

[0020] Preferably, a worm gear meshing with a worm wheel is rotatably connected inside the regulating tube, and one end of the worm gear extends to the outside of the regulating tube.

[0021] Preferably, the worm gear includes a parallel section and a concave section connected in sequence to form a closed loop. When the concave section of the worm gear meshes with the worm, the worm gear is aligned with the corresponding overflow hole on the fixed plate.

[0022] Preferably, the outlet chamber and inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod are isolated by a first piston block, and a first one-way valve is installed on the first piston block to allow the inlet chamber to flow unidirectionally to the outlet chamber.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] This invention employs a base plate structure to monitor and alarm the amount of sand and gravel in the slag collection pool, and combines this with rock-penetrating wireless communication technology to transmit alarm signals. This solves the problem that wired devices cannot be installed in pressurized long water diversion tunnels due to their unique structure. It promptly transmits information about excessive sand and gravel accumulation in the slag collection pool to the outside world, achieving the purpose of alarming the operating status and potential disasters of the water diversion tunnel, and facilitating downstream equipment to take preventative measures against disasters.

[0025] The amount of silted sand and gravel in the slag collection pond is monitored and analyzed, and the monitoring data is transmitted wirelessly to achieve remote early warning of sudden damage to the water diversion tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the internal components of the slag collection tank of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid storage cylinder and its internal components of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the time-delay structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic hydraulic rod structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the worm gear and worm shaft mating structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a partial plan view of the worm gear of the present invention.

[0033] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0034] 100. Rock penetration signal receiver; 200. Slag collection tank; 300. Bottom plate; 400. Rock penetration signal transmitter;

[0035] 1. Telescopic hydraulic rod; 2. Liquid reservoir; 3. Adjusting cylinder; 4. Switch; 5. Trigger plate; 6. Diverter; 7. Delay structure;

[0036] 11. First piston block; 12. Piston rod; 13. First check valve;

[0037] 21. Second piston block; 22. Spring;

[0038] 71. Adjusting pipe; 72. Fixing plate; 73. Worm gear; 731. Rotating shaft; 732. Parallel section; 733. Concave section; 74. Worm; 75. Overflow orifice. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example:

[0041] A monitoring and early warning device for erosion damage in a hydropower station's water diversion tunnel is applicable to providing early warning of excessive siltation in the slag collection pool of a long water diversion tunnel (up to 200 cubic meters), and subsequently issuing an alarm for sudden erosion damage to the water diversion tunnel. Figure 1-7 As shown:

[0042] The entire device mainly consists of two parts: monitoring the amount of silted sand and gravel and signal transmission.

[0043] The signal transmission includes a rock penetration signal receiver 100 installed outside the rock mass and a rock penetration signal transmitter 400 installed inside the slag collection pool 200, with wireless communication between the rock penetration signal receiver 100 and the rock penetration signal transmitter 400.

[0044] The monitoring of silted sand and gravel includes a base plate 300 arranged in the slag collection pool 200 of the water diversion tunnel. When the amount of sand and gravel above the base plate 300 reaches a certain weight (a large area of ​​the tunnel is suddenly eroded and blocks fall into the slag collection pool 200), the base plate 300 sinks to the lower limit position, triggering switch 4 and sending a signal, thereby the rock penetration signal transmitter 400 transmits a wireless signal to the outside, which is received by the rock penetration signal receiver 100 outside the rock mass.

[0045] In coal mine underground accident rescue operations, the use of rock-penetrating wireless communication is adopted to promptly issue alarm signals. The signals are transmitted wirelessly through the strata, enabling direct transmission of emergency signals between the pressurized tunnel and the external ground center station.

[0046] Switch 4 is installed at the bottom of base plate 300. The slag collection tank 200 is connected to base plate 300 by a support spring (not shown in the attached figure). The bottom wall of the slag collection tank 200 is provided with a telescopic hydraulic rod 1. The inner cavity of telescopic hydraulic rod 1 is divided into an outlet cavity and an inlet cavity by a first piston block 11. A piston rod 12 is provided on the first piston block 11. The upper end of the piston rod 12 is fixedly connected to base plate 300.

[0047] The first piston block 11 is provided with a first check valve 13, through which the hydraulic oil in the inlet chamber flows unidirectionally to the outlet chamber.

[0048] The bottom of the base plate 300 is provided with a liquid storage cylinder 2 and an adjusting cylinder 3. The inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder 2 is provided with a second piston block 21, and the second piston block 21 and the top wall of the inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder 2 are connected by a spring 22. The inner cavity of the adjusting cylinder 3 is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a third piston block, and the third piston block is connected to the trigger plate 5 by a third piston rod.

[0049] The outlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod 1 is connected to the distributor 6 via a hose. The distributor 6 splits into two paths, one of which is connected to the inner cavity of the reservoir 2 via a second check valve, and the other is connected to the first cavity of the regulating cylinder 3. The inner cavity of the reservoir 2 is connected to the input end of the delay structure 7 via a third check valve, and the output end of the delay structure 7 is connected to the second cavity of the regulating cylinder 3. The first and second cavities of the regulating cylinder 3 are both connected to the inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod 1 via corresponding fourth check valves.

[0050] The delay structure 7 includes an adjusting tube 71, with the top opening of the adjusting tube 71 serving as an inlet and the bottom opening serving as an outlet. A fixing plate 72 is provided inside the adjusting tube 71, and the inlet and outlet are isolated by the fixing plate 72. Multiple sets of overflow holes 75 with different orifices are provided on the fixing plate 72. A worm gear 73 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fixing plate 72 via a rotating shaft 731. Multiple sets of overflow holes 75 with different orifices are also provided on the worm gear 73. The worm gear 73 moves relative to the rotating shaft 731 along its axis. A worm 74 is rotatably connected inside the adjusting tube 71 and meshes with the worm gear 73.

[0051] The worm gear 73 follows the trajectory along its circumference as follows: Figure 7 As shown, it includes a parallel segment 732 and a recessed segment 733 connected in sequence.

[0052] Working principle:

[0053] Sand and gravel piled up above the base plate 300 press down on the base plate 300. The piston rod 12 drives the first piston block 11 to descend. The hydraulic oil in the outlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod 1 is transported to the distributor 6 through the hose. Half of the hydraulic oil is transported to the inner cavity of the reservoir 2 through the distributor 6, and the other half of the hydraulic oil is transported to the first cavity of the regulating cylinder 3 through the distributor 6, thereby driving the trigger plate 5 to move upward and approach the switch 4 (during this process, the hydraulic oil in the second cavity of the regulating cylinder 3 is discharged to the inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod 1).

[0054] The hydraulic oil in the inner cavity of the reservoir cylinder 2 is pushed into the regulating pipe 71 by the elastic force of the spring 22. Due to the small diameter of the overflow orifice 75, the hydraulic oil in the regulating pipe 71 flows slowly through. The hydraulic oil in the regulating pipe 71 is discharged outward into the second cavity of the regulating cylinder 3, which pushes the trigger plate 5 to move downward slowly to reset.

[0055] The hydraulic oil discharged from the first and second chambers of the regulating cylinder 3 flows unidirectionally to the inlet chamber of the hydraulic rod 1.

[0056] For example, the above settings enable the base plate 300 to drop 5mm in a short time when subjected to external force. First, the trigger plate 5 moves closer to the switch by 5mm in a short time, and then the trigger plate 5 slowly moves away from the switch by 5mm over a long period of time.

[0057] If the amount of sand and gravel accumulating on the bottom plate 300 is too large within a continuous time or short period of time, it will cause switch 4 to contact the trigger plate 5 and start switch 4.

[0058] The worm 74 can be manually rotated by external force. The rotation of the worm 74 causes the worm wheel 73 to rotate accordingly, thereby adjusting the worm wheel 73 and the set of overflow holes 75 with the same diameter on the fixed plate 72 to be aligned and connected, while the overflow holes 75 of other sets are staggered.

[0059] A layer of elastic sealing structure is provided on the side of the worm gear 73 near the fixed plate 72, such as... Figure 7 As shown, when the concave section 733 of the worm gear 73 meshes with the worm 74, it pushes the worm gear 73 closer to the fixed plate 72 to improve the sealing performance, and it also shows that at this time a set of overflow holes 75 are aligned and connected to each other.

[0060] After the amount of sand and gravel accumulated on the top of the bottom plate 300 inside the slag collection pool 200 is cleaned on site, the bottom plate 300 moves upward and resets under the action of the support spring. At this time, the hydraulic oil in the inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod 1 is transported to the outlet chamber through the first one-way valve 13.

[0061] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of specific implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage in a hydropower station's water diversion tunnel, comprising a slag collection pool (200) located in the pressurized tunnel, characterized in that: The slag collection pool (200) is equipped with a rock-penetrating signal transmitter (400) and a bottom plate (300) supported by a support spring. A rock penetration signal receiver (100) is disposed outside the rock mass and wirelessly connected to a rock penetration signal transmitter (400); Switch (4), which is located at the bottom of the base plate (300) and is used to trigger the rock penetration signal transmitter (400); Sand and gravel piled up above the base plate (300) press down the base plate (300), and the first piston block (11) is driven down by the piston rod (12). The hydraulic oil in the outlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod (1) is transported to the distributor (6) through the hose. Half of the hydraulic oil is transported to the inner cavity of the reservoir (2) through the distributor (6), and the other half of the hydraulic oil is transported to the first cavity of the regulating cylinder (3) through the distributor (6), thereby driving the trigger plate (5) to move upward and approach the switch 4. Hydraulic oil in the inner cavity of the reservoir (2) is pushed into the regulating pipe (71) by the elastic force of the spring (22). Due to the small diameter of the overflow orifice (75), the hydraulic oil in the regulating pipe (71) flows slowly through. The hydraulic oil in the regulating pipe (71) is discharged outward into the second cavity of the regulating cylinder (3), which pushes the trigger plate (5) to move downward slowly to reset.

2. The monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage of a hydropower station water diversion tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, A telescopic hydraulic rod (1) is provided between the bottom wall and the bottom plate (300) of the slag collection tank (200).

3. The monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage of a hydropower station water diversion tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the base plate (300) is provided with an adjustment cylinder (3), which is used to drive the trigger plate (5) at its output end to move closer to or away from the switch (4).

4. The monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage of a hydropower station water diversion tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the base plate (300) is provided with a liquid storage cylinder (2). The outlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod (1) is divided into two paths by a diverter (6) and is unidirectionally connected to the inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder (2) and the first cavity of the regulating cylinder (3). The inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder (2) is unidirectionally connected to the second cavity of the regulating cylinder (3) through a delay structure (7). The first cavity and the second cavity of the regulating cylinder (3) are both connected to the inlet cavity of the telescopic hydraulic rod (1).

5. A monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage of a hydropower station water diversion tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder (2) is provided with a second piston block (21), and a spring (22) is provided between the inner side wall of the liquid storage cylinder (2) and the second piston block (21).

6. The monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage of a hydropower station water diversion tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that, The delay structure (7) includes a regulating pipe (71) with an inlet and an outlet. A fixing plate (72) is provided inside the regulating pipe (71), and an overflow hole (75) is provided on the fixing plate (72).

7. A monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage of a hydropower station water diversion tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fixed plate (72) has multiple sets of overflow holes (75) with different diameters. A worm gear (73) is rotatably connected to the fixed plate (72). Multiple sets of overflow holes (75) are opened on the worm gear (73). The worm gear (73) rotates relative to the fixed plate (72) so that a set of overflow holes (75) with the same diameter are aligned.

8. A monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage of a hydropower station water diversion tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that, The regulating tube (71) is rotatably connected to a worm (74) that meshes with a worm wheel (73), and one end of the worm (74) extends to the outside of the regulating tube (71).

9. A monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage of a hydropower station water diversion tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that, The worm gear (73) includes a parallel section (732) and a concave section (733) connected in sequence to form a closed loop. When the concave section (733) of the worm gear (73) meshes with the worm (74), the worm gear (73) is aligned with the corresponding overflow hole (75) on the fixed plate (72).

10. A monitoring and early warning device for erosion and damage of a hydropower station water diversion tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outlet chamber and inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod (1) are isolated by a first piston block (11). A first one-way valve (13) is installed on the first piston block (11) so that the inlet chamber flows unidirectionally to the outlet chamber.

Images