A full-amount straw rotary burying and ploughing machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic acquisition function

Abstract

The application discloses a full-amount straw rotary burying tillage machine with an in-situ spectrum dynamic acquisition function. The full-amount straw rotary burying tillage machine with the in-situ spectrum dynamic acquisition function comprises a rack, a straw smashing device, a pressing device, a uniform rotary burying device, a land leveling device and a comprehensive monitoring device. The straw smashing device, the pressing device, the uniform rotary burying device and the land leveling device are connected with the rack and are sequentially arranged from front to back, and the rotation directions of the straw smashing device and the uniform rotary burying device are opposite. The comprehensive monitoring device comprises a master control unit, a plough share, an acquisition box and an optical fiber probe module. The plough share covers the front side of the acquisition box, and the optical fiber probe module is signal-connected with the master control unit. The application provides a combined tillage machine integrating straw smashing, rotary burying, ditching and monitoring, and can be applied to straw returning to field operation in dry land. The machine has high efficiency, and can complete full-amount straw burying, strong soil crushing, tillage, land leveling, ditching, soil moisture content monitoring and nutrient monitoring and other operations at one time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to a full-capacity straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of precision agriculture in agricultural modernization, agriculture is being promoted towards a more efficient, intelligent, and sustainable direction. The improvement of precision agriculture technology can realize the digitalization, intelligence, and precision of agricultural production, improve agricultural production efficiency and quality, and promote the process of agricultural modernization.

[0003] my country has a large variety and quantity of crop straw, accounting for 20% to 30% of global straw resources. The burning of straw in the fields puts significant pressure on the environment, causing substantial pollution and hindering the development of green, ecological, and sustainable agriculture. Northeast my country, North China, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are rich in straw resources and are key development areas for straw resources in my country. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, after harvest, the stubble level in the fields is high, resulting in a large amount of straw, but the comprehensive utilization rate of straw is low, mainly relying on surface returning and mixed burial. Surface returning straw, by spreading it on the soil surface, can help conserve water and soil. However, when the amount of straw is large, leaving it on the surface not only affects crop sowing but also slows down straw decomposition, making it difficult to provide sufficient nutrients for crop growth. Mixing straw with soil and burying it together increases the contact between soil microorganisms and straw, improving the decomposition rate of straw and the metabolic activity of soil microorganisms. In the process of returning straw to the field using traditional rotary tillage machinery, straw accumulation and entanglement are serious problems, the crushing effect is poor, the burial rate and burial uniformity are low, the decomposition time is long, and the decomposition effect is poor. This not only affects the tillage effect but also wastes straw resources. This poses a challenge to the research on precise straw return to the field in agriculture and is the focus of the development of straw return machines in high stubble and high-density straw resource areas in my country.

[0004] In summary, existing straw treatment methods suffer from serious problems such as straw accumulation and entanglement, and low burial rate and uniformity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a full-volume straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function. This solves the technical problems of serious straw accumulation and entanglement, low burial rate and burial uniformity in the existing technology. It can not only improve the operation effect and efficiency of straw returning machinery, but also prepare good seedbed conditions for crop sowing and predict crop growth, which is of great significance to promoting the development of precision agriculture.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This application provides a full-capacity straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function, including a frame, a straw crushing device, a compaction device, a uniform rotary tillage device, a leveling device, and a comprehensive monitoring device:

[0008] frame;

[0009] The straw crushing device, the compaction device, the uniform rotary burial device, and the leveling device are all connected to the frame and distributed from front to back. The straw crushing device and the uniform rotary burial device rotate in opposite directions.

[0010] The integrated monitoring device includes a main control unit, a plowshare, a data acquisition box, and a fiber optic probe module. The plowshare is located behind the leveling device and covers the front of the data acquisition box. The fiber optic probe module is located inside the data acquisition box and is connected to the main control unit for signal monitoring of soil moisture and nutrients.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, it also includes a grass barrier and a suspension device, and the frame includes multiple crossbeams, a gearbox support, a rotary tillage baffle, a left side plate and a right side plate;

[0012] Multiple crossbeams are arranged in parallel. The gearbox support, the rotary tillage baffle, and the suspension device are respectively connected to a portion of the crossbeams. The left side plate and the right side plate are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the crossbeams. The grass barrier is arranged in front of the left side plate and the right side plate. The leveling device is connected to the crossbeams and hinged to the left side plate and the right side plate.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, a gearbox is also included, the gearbox comprising a power input shaft, a large input shaft bevel gear, a small input shaft bevel gear, a left power output shaft, a left driven bevel gear, a right driven bevel gear, a right power output shaft, and a gearbox housing;

[0014] The gearbox housing is connected to the gearbox support. The power input shaft passes through the front and rear sides of the gearbox housing and is rotatably connected to the gearbox housing. The large bevel gear and the small bevel gear of the input shaft are respectively connected to the power input shaft. The left driven bevel gear is perpendicular to and meshes with the large bevel gear of the input shaft. The right driven bevel gear is perpendicular to and meshes with the small bevel gear of the input shaft. The left power output shaft and the right power output shaft are respectively connected to the left driven bevel gear and the right driven bevel gear.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the straw crushing device includes a crushing cover, a crushing blade shaft, a crushing blade seat, a straw crushing spade, and a straw blade roller bearing seat;

[0016] The two ends of the crushing blade shaft are rotatably connected to the left side plate and the right side plate respectively through the straw blade roller bearing seat. The straw crushing blade is rotatably connected to the crushing blade seat. The crushing blade seat is spirally and alternately arranged on the crushing blade shaft. The crushing cover is sleeved on the outside of the crushing blade shaft.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, the straw crushing device further includes a first straw crushing fixed blade group and a second straw crushing fixed blade group, which are circumferentially distributed on the inner surface of the crushing cover.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, the pressing device includes a pressing roller support, a pressing roller, a pressing roller side plate, and a pressing spring column;

[0019] The two ends of the pressing roller are rotatably connected to the left side plate and the right side plate respectively through the pressing roller support, and the pressing roller side plate is connected to the pressing roller support and the pressing spring column respectively.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the uniform rotary embedding device includes a first serrated spiral cross-blade support, a rotary embedding blade support, a curved blade support, a rotary embedding blade disc, a rotary embedding blade shaft, a serrated spiral cross-blade, and a second serrated spiral cross-blade support.

[0021] The surface of the rotary embedding cutter shaft is provided with multiple rotary embedding cutter discs and multiple rotary embedding cutter seats. Multiple curved cutter supports are circumferentially distributed on the rotary embedding cutter discs. The serrated spiral cross cutter is connected to the curved cutter supports on two adjacent rotary embedding cutter discs through the first serrated spiral cross cutter support and the second serrated spiral cross cutter support, respectively.

[0022] In some embodiments of this application, the uniform rotary tillage device further includes a single-hole rotary tillage blade and a double-hole rotary tillage blade. The single-hole rotary tillage blade is arranged around the rotary tillage blade holder, and a plurality of double-hole rotary tillage blades are circumferentially distributed on the rotary tillage blade disc. The double-hole rotary tillage blades and the single-hole rotary tillage blades are arranged in a symmetrical triple helix, and the serrated spiral cross blades are arranged in a symmetrical triple helix.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, the integrated monitoring device includes a hydraulic cylinder support, a plow column, a vibration excitation device, a hydraulic cylinder, a trenching plow crossbeam, a vibration excitation device connecting seat, and a cover glass.

[0024] The hydraulic cylinder support is connected to one of the crossbeams. The hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the hydraulic cylinder support and the ditching plow crossbeam. The ditching plow crossbeam is rotatably connected to the other crossbeam. The excitation device is symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the ditching plow crossbeam through the excitation device connecting seat. The plow column is hinged to the excitation device and connected to the collection box. The cover glass covers the bottom of the collection box.

[0025] In some embodiments of this application, a pulley drive device and a side gearbox are also included; the left power output shaft is driven by the pulley drive device, the pulley drive device is driven by the straw crushing device, the right power output shaft is driven by the side gearbox, and the side gearbox is driven by the uniform burial device.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the technical solution provided in this application include:

[0027] This application provides a combined tillage machine integrating straw crushing, rotary burial, ditching, and monitoring. It is suitable for straw return operations in dryland areas. This machine is highly efficient, completing multiple tasks in a single pass, including full straw burial, strong soil breaking, tillage, leveling, ditching, and monitoring of soil moisture and nutrients. This application shortens the length of straw to be placed in the soil before rotary tillage by using a straw crushing device, fundamentally reducing straw entanglement. Simultaneously, the shortened straw length reduces the soil penetration resistance of the rotary tillage components, improving the burial performance of the rotary tillage blades and resulting in more uniform straw distribution under the uniform burial device. This application simultaneously monitors soil moisture and nutrients after tillage while uniformly returning straw to the field, which is crucial for developing precision agricultural irrigation and crop growth prediction, meeting the requirements of modern precision agricultural technology development. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a full-volume straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A bottom view;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The right view;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the intermediate gearbox;

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the straw crushing device;

[0034] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the medium-pressure device;

[0035] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the uniform rotary embedding device;

[0036] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial exploded view of the uniform rotary embedment device;

[0037] Figure 9 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the integrated monitoring device;

[0038] Figure 10 for Figure 1 Partial exploded structural diagram of the integrated monitoring device;

[0039] Figure 11 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the transmission system.

[0040] Figure label:

[0041] 1—Frame, 101—Upper crossbeam, 102—Front crossbeam, 103—Intermediate gearbox support, 104—Rear crossbeam, 105—Front crossbeam of rotary tillage section, 106—Rotary tillage baffle, 107—Rear crossbeam of rotary tillage section, 108—Left side plate, 109—Right side plate;

[0042] 2—Straw crushing device, 201—Crushing cover, 202—Crushing blade shaft, 203—Crushing blade seat, 204—Straw crushing spade blade, 205—First straw crushing fixed blade group, 206—Second straw crushing fixed blade group, 207—Straw blade roller bearing seat;

[0043] 3—Pressing device; 301—Pressing roller support; 302—Pressing roller; 303—Pressing roller side plate; 304—Pressing spring column;

[0044] 4—Uniform rotary tillage device; 401—First serrated spiral cross blade support; 402—Single-hole rotary tillage blade; 403—Rotary tillage blade holder; 404—Curved blade support; 405—Rotary tillage blade disc; 406—Rotary tillage blade shaft; 407—Serrated spiral cross blade; 408—Second serrated spiral cross blade support; 409—Double-hole rotary tillage blade.

[0045] 5—flat ground device;

[0046] 6—Integrated monitoring device; 601—Main control unit; 602—Hydraulic cylinder support; 603—Plowshare; 604—Data acquisition box; 605—Plow column; 606—Vibration excitation device; 607—Hydraulic cylinder; 608—Furrowing plow crossbeam; 609—Vibration excitation device connecting seat; 610—Fiber optic probe module; 611—Cover glass.

[0047] 7—Grass fence;

[0048] 8—Suspension device;

[0049] 9—Gearbox, 901—Power input shaft, 902—Input shaft large bevel gear, 903—Input shaft small bevel gear, 904—Left power output shaft, 905—Left driven bevel gear, 906—Right driven bevel gear, 907—Right power output shaft, 908—Gearbox housing;

[0050] 10—Side gearbox;

[0051] 11—Pulley drive device, 1101—Large pulley, 1102—Small pulley. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0053] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in this specification, the term "comprising" is an open-ended expression, meaning that the stated feature is present but other features are excluded. Directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" refer to exemplary directions based on the accompanying drawings. Features specified as "first" or "second" implicitly include one or more of that feature. Singular expressions can also be used in plural forms. "Multiple" means two or more. The terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and it can be a connection within two components. Furthermore, "linked" can include wireless connections.

[0054] The purpose of this application is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a full-volume straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function, which solves the technical problems of serious straw accumulation and entanglement, low burial rate and burial uniformity in the existing technology.

[0055] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0056] like Figures 1-11 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a full-volume straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A bottom view; Figure 3 for Figure 1 The right view; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate gearbox; Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the straw crushing device; Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the medium-pressure device; Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the uniform rotary embedding device; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial exploded view of the uniform rotary embedment device; Figure 9 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the integrated monitoring device; Figure 10 for Figure 1 Partial exploded structural diagram of the integrated monitoring device; Figure 11 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the transmission system.

[0057] This application provides a full-capacity straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function, including a frame 1, a straw crushing device 2, a compaction device 3, a uniform rotary tillage device 4, a leveling device 5, and a comprehensive monitoring device 6.

[0058] Rack 1;

[0059] The straw crushing device 2, the pressing device 3, the uniform burial device 4, and the leveling device 5 are all connected to the frame 1 and are distributed from front to back. The straw crushing device 2 and the uniform burial device 4 rotate in opposite directions.

[0060] The integrated monitoring device 6 includes a main control unit 601, a plowshare 603, a data acquisition box 604, and a fiber optic probe module 610. The plowshare 603 is located behind the leveling device 5 and covers the front of the data acquisition box 604. The fiber optic probe module 610 is located inside the data acquisition box 604 and is connected to the main control unit 601 for signal monitoring of soil moisture and nutrients.

[0061] This application provides a combined tillage machine integrating straw crushing, rotary burial, ditching, and monitoring. It is suitable for straw return operations in dryland areas. This machine is highly efficient, completing multiple operations in a single pass, including full straw burial, strong soil breaking, tillage, leveling, ditching, and monitoring of soil moisture and nutrients. Through the straw crushing device 2, this application shortens the length of straw to be placed in the soil before rotary tillage, fundamentally reducing straw entanglement. Simultaneously, the shortened straw length reduces the soil penetration resistance of the rotary tillage components, improving the burial performance of the rotary tillage blades and resulting in more uniform straw distribution under the uniform burial device. While uniformly returning straw to the field, this application also monitors soil moisture and nutrients after tillage, which is crucial for developing precision agricultural irrigation and crop growth prediction, meeting the requirements of modern precision agricultural technology development.

[0062] like Figures 1-3As shown, a full-capacity straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function includes a frame 1, a straw crushing device 2, a compaction device 3, a uniform rotary tillage device 4, a leveling device 5, a comprehensive monitoring device 6, a grass barrier 7, a three-point suspension device 8, an intermediate gearbox 9, a side gearbox 10, and a pulley drive device 11. The power unit of the implement includes the straw crushing device 2 and the uniform rotary tillage device 4. The straw crushing device 2 rotates clockwise, opposite to the rotation direction of the tractor wheels, while the uniform rotary tillage device 4 rotates counterclockwise, the same as the rotation direction of the tractor wheels. The rotation speed of the straw crushing device 2 is much greater than that of the uniform rotary tillage device 4. The other devices move with the traction of the tractor.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, a grass barrier 7 and a suspension device 8 are also included. The frame 1 includes an upper crossbeam 101, a front crossbeam 102, a gearbox support 103, a rear crossbeam 104, a front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage section, a rotary tillage baffle 106, a rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage section, a left side plate 108, and a right side plate 109.

[0064] The upper crossbeam 101, the front crossbeam 102, the rear crossbeam 104, the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage section, and the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage section are arranged in parallel. The gearbox support 103 is connected to the front crossbeam 102 and the rear crossbeam 104 respectively. The rotary tillage baffle 106 is connected to the front crossbeam 105 and the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage section respectively. The left side plate 108 and the right side plate 109 are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the upper crossbeam 101. The grass baffle 7 is arranged in front of the left side plate 108 and the right side plate 109. The suspension device 8 is connected to the upper crossbeam 101, the front crossbeam 102, and the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage section respectively. The leveling device 5 is connected to the rear of the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage section and is hinged to the left side plate 108 and the right side plate 109.

[0065] like Figures 1-3As shown, the upper crossbeam 101, front crossbeam 102, rear crossbeam 104, front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage section, and rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage section are parallel, with their left and right ends fixed to the left side plate 108 and right side plate 109, respectively; the intermediate gearbox support 103 is fixed to the middle of the front crossbeam 102, the crushing cover 201, and the rear crossbeam 104; the front and rear ends of the rotary tillage baffle 106 are fixed to the front crossbeam 105 and the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage section, and the left side plate 108 and right side plate 109 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the implement; the grass baffle 7 is installed on the left side plate 108 and right side plate 109. The front end of 109 is rotatably connected to the two side plates to block the straw and soil clods thrown forward during straw crushing, thus providing protection while ensuring the straw crushing effect. The lower end of the three-point suspension device 8 is fixed to the middle of the front crossbeam 102, the front end is fixed to the middle of the upper crossbeam 101, and the rear end is fixed to the middle gearbox support 103 and the middle of the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage section. The leveling device 5 is fixed to the rear of the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage section, and the left and right ends are hinged to the rear ends of the left side plate 108 and the right side plate 109, respectively, to level the soil after rotary tillage and improve the surface flatness.

[0066] In some embodiments of this application, a gearbox 9 is also included, which includes a power input shaft 901, a large input shaft bevel gear 902, a small input shaft bevel gear 903, a left power output shaft 904, a left driven bevel gear 905, a right driven bevel gear 906, a right power output shaft 907, and a gearbox housing 908;

[0067] The gearbox housing 908 is connected to the gearbox support 103. The power input shaft 901 passes through the front and rear sides of the gearbox housing 908 and is rotatably connected to the gearbox housing 908. The input shaft large bevel gear 902 and the input shaft small bevel gear 903 are respectively drivenly connected to the power input shaft 901. The left driven bevel gear 905 is perpendicular to and meshes with the input shaft large bevel gear 902. The right driven bevel gear 906 is perpendicular to and meshes with the input shaft small bevel gear 903. The left power output shaft 904 and the right power output shaft 907 are respectively drivenly connected to the left driven bevel gear 905 and the right driven bevel gear 906.

[0068] like Figure 4As shown, the front and rear ends of the intermediate gearbox 9 are fixed to the gearbox support 103 by bolts. The power input shaft 901 passes through the front and rear housings of the gearbox housing 908, forming a rotatable connection with the side walls of the front and rear housings. The left driven bevel gear 905 passes through the left housing of the gearbox housing 908, forming a rotatable connection with the side wall of the left housing. The right driven bevel gear 906 passes through the right housing of the gearbox housing 908, forming a rotatable connection with the side wall of the right housing. The left driven bevel gear 905 is perpendicular to the input shaft large bevel gear 902. The moving bevel gear 906 is perpendicular to and meshes with the small bevel gear 903 on the input shaft. The left driven bevel gear 905 and the right driven bevel gear 906 are fixedly connected to the left power output shaft 904 and the right power output shaft 907 by splines. The power transmission route is that the tractor's power output shaft drives the large bevel gear 902 and the small bevel gear 903 on the input shaft of the intermediate gearbox 9 to rotate, thereby driving the left driven bevel gear 905 and the right driven bevel gear 906 to rotate, and in turn driving the left power output shaft 904 and the right power output shaft 907 to rotate.

[0069] In some embodiments of this application, the straw crushing device 2 includes a crushing cover 201, a crushing blade shaft 202, a crushing blade seat 203, a straw crushing spade 204, and a straw blade roller bearing seat 207;

[0070] The two ends of the crushing blade shaft 202 are rotatably connected to the left side plate 108 and the right side plate 109 respectively through the straw blade roller bearing seat 207. The straw crushing blade 204 is rotatably connected to the crushing blade seat 203. The crushing blade seat 203 is spirally and alternately arranged on the crushing blade shaft 202. The crushing cover 201 is sleeved on the outside of the crushing blade shaft 202.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, the straw crushing device 2 includes a crushing cover 201, a crushing blade shaft 202, a crushing blade seat 203, straw crushing spade blades 204, a first straw crushing fixed blade group 205, a second straw crushing fixed blade group 206, and a straw blade roller bearing seat 207. The crushing cover 201 is fixedly connected to the front crossbeam 102, the upper crossbeam 101, and the rear crossbeam 104 at its front, upper, and rear ends, respectively. The crushing blade shaft 202 is connected at both ends to the straw blade roller bearing seat 207, forming a rotatable connection with the left side plate 108 and the right side plate 109, respectively. The straw crushing spade blade group consists of two symmetrically installed straw crushing spade blades 204 arranged in a Y-shape, fixedly connected to the crushing blade seat 203 by pins, forming a rotatable connection with the crushing blade seat 203 to ensure sufficient contact area between the blades and the straw.

[0072] In some embodiments of this application, the straw crushing device 2 further includes a first straw crushing fixed blade group 205 and a second straw crushing fixed blade group 206, which are circumferentially distributed on the inner surface of the crushing cover 201.

[0073] The crushing blade holder 203 is welded to the crushing blade shaft 202 in a double-headed spiral staggered arrangement to reduce machine vibration, improve the straw crushing qualification rate, and prevent straw leakage. The first straw crushing fixed blade group 205 is inclinedly arranged on the inner surface of the crushing cover 201 above the front of the crushing blade shaft 202, and the second straw crushing fixed blade group 206 is arranged on the inner surface of the crushing cover 201 above the rear, and is connected to the crushing cover by bolts. Each fixed blade is arranged in the middle of the Y-shaped throwing blade group. After the straw enters the crushing cover 201, it is more thoroughly crushed by the straw crushing throwing blade 204 under the support of the first straw crushing fixed blade group 205 and the second straw crushing fixed blade group 206, which further improves the straw crushing effect.

[0074] In some embodiments of this application, the pressing device 3 includes a pressing roller support 301, a pressing roller 302, a pressing roller side plate 303, and a pressing spring column 304;

[0075] The two ends of the pressing roller 302 are rotatably connected to the left side plate 108 and the right side plate 109 respectively through the pressing roller support 301, and the pressing roller side plate 303 is connected to the pressing roller support 301 and the pressing spring column 304 respectively.

[0076] like Figure 6 As shown, the compaction device includes a compaction roller support 301, a compaction roller 302, a compaction roller side plate 303, and a compaction spring column 304. The compaction roller 302 is rotatably connected to the compaction roller supports 301 at both ends. The compaction roller supports 301 are fixed to the compaction roller side plate 303 by bolts and are connected to the left side plate 108 and the right side plate 109 respectively. The compaction roller side plate 303 is provided with an arc-shaped adjustment hole at the connection between it and the two side plates, and a compaction spring column 304 is provided above it. The height of the compaction roller can be adjusted according to different operating requirements. During operation, it supports the implement and prevents the straw crushing blades from hitting the soil due to the resistance of rotary tillage, which would cause blade wear and increase operating resistance. At the same time, it can improve the tillage depth stability of the implement and improve the operation quality.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, the uniform rotary embedding device includes a first serrated spiral cross-blade support 401, a rotary embedding blade support 403, a curved blade support 404, a rotary embedding blade disc 405, a rotary embedding blade shaft 406, a serrated spiral cross-blade 407, and a second serrated spiral cross-blade support 408.

[0078] The surface of the rotary embedding cutter shaft is provided with a plurality of rotary embedding cutter discs 405 and a plurality of rotary embedding cutter seats 403. A plurality of curved cutter supports 404 are circumferentially distributed on the rotary embedding cutter discs 405. The serrated spiral cross cutter 407 is connected to the curved cutter supports 404 on two adjacent rotary embedding cutter discs 405 through the first serrated spiral cross cutter support 401 and the second serrated spiral cross cutter support 408, respectively.

[0079] like Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the uniform rotary tillage device consists of multiple rotary tillage units. Multiple rotary tillage cutter discs 405 are mounted on the rotary tillage cutter shaft 406. Two adjacent rotary tillage cutter discs 405 and the cutter between them constitute one unit. Each unit's rotary tillage cutter shaft 406 is equipped with multiple rotary tillage cutter seats 403. Single-hole rotary tillage blades 402 are mounted on the rotary tillage cutter seats 403. Multiple curved blade supports 404 are arranged circumferentially on the rotary tillage cutter discs 405. The curved blade supports 404 on adjacent rotary tillage cutter discs 405 are connected to the left and right supports of the serrated spiral cross blades 407 via countersunk bolts. The serrated spiral cross blade support 401 and the second serrated spiral cross blade support 408, and the rotary burying disc 405 are also equipped with multiple double-hole rotary tillage blades 409 around the circumference. The arrangement of multiple blades improves the working effect of the rotary burying roller. The different supports set on both sides of the serrated spiral cross blade 407 ensure that the blades can be easily disassembled. At the same time, the countersunk bolts are used to fix the blades, which reduces the resistance of the blades to entering the soil. The serrated design on the serrated spiral cross blade 407 ensures that the blades can bury the straw in situ, thereby improving the spatial distribution uniformity of the straw and reducing the phenomenon of straw accumulation.

[0080] In some embodiments of this application, the uniform rotary tillage device further includes a single-hole rotary tillage blade 402 and a double-hole rotary tillage blade 409. The single-hole rotary tillage blade 402 is arranged around the rotary tillage blade holder 403, and a plurality of double-hole rotary tillage blades 409 are circumferentially distributed on the rotary tillage blade disc 405. The double-hole rotary tillage blades 409 and the single-hole rotary tillage blades 402 are arranged in a symmetrical triple helix, and the serrated spiral cross blades 407 are arranged in a symmetrical triple helix.

[0081] The double-hole rotary tiller blades 409 on the rotary tiller disc 405 and the single-hole rotary tiller blades 402 on the rotary tiller shaft 406 are arranged in a symmetrical triple-helix configuration. Simultaneously, the serrated spiral cross blades 407 are also arranged in a symmetrical triple-helix configuration. The installation spiral lines of the rotary tiller blades and the serrated spiral cross blades 407 are alternately arranged. The rotary tiller blades have a good tillage effect, thus breaking the soil first and reducing the soil penetration resistance of the serrated spiral cross blades 407. However, the rotary tiller blades have poor straw burial performance; the alternating arrangement of the two blades allows the serrated spiral cross blades 407 to bury straw that the rotary tiller blades failed to cover, improving straw burial performance. Simultaneously, the alternating arrangement of the two blades reduces the cutting pitch, increasing the machine's soil-breaking effect. The blades on both sides of the rotary tiller shaft 406 are arranged symmetrically in a herringbone pattern, which makes the blades penetrate the soil evenly and improves the stability of the implement. The rotary tiller blades and the serrated spiral cross blades 407 throw soil in opposite directions, so that the rotary tiller blades and the serrated spiral cross blades 407 with opposite rotation directions are installed in the same unit.

[0082] In some embodiments of this application, the integrated monitoring device includes a main control unit 601, a hydraulic cylinder support 602, a plow column 605, a vibration excitation device 606, a hydraulic cylinder 607, a furrowing plow crossbeam 608, a vibration excitation device connecting seat 609, and a cover glass 611.

[0083] The hydraulic cylinder support 602 is connected to the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tiller. The hydraulic cylinder 607 is rotatably connected to the hydraulic cylinder support 602 and the furrowing plow crossbeam 608. The furrowing plow crossbeam 608 is rotatably connected to the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tiller. The excitation device 606 is symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the furrowing plow crossbeam 608 through the excitation device connecting seat 609. The plow column 605 is hinged to the excitation device 606 and connected to the acquisition box 604. The cover glass 611 covers the bottom of the acquisition box 604. The main control unit 601 is connected to the front crossbeam 105 and the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tiller and is signal-connected to the fiber optic probe module 610.

[0084] like Figure 9As shown in Figure 10, the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder support 602 is fixed to the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tiller, and the rear support is rotatably connected to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 607. The lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 607 is fixed to the crossbeam 608 of the furrowing plow and is rotatably connected to the support of the crossbeam 608. At the same time, the crossbeam 608 of the furrowing plow is rotatably connected to the upper support of the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tiller. The control device of the hydraulic cylinder 607 is also set on the tractor. By controlling the hydraulic cylinder 607 to extend the lifting arm, the furrowing plow is lowered as a whole for straw return, furrowing, and soil moisture and nutrient monitoring. When only straw return is needed, the lifting arm is retracted by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 607 to raise the furrowing plow as a whole, improving the adaptability and convenience of the implement. To ensure the normal operation of the integrated monitoring device, a vibration device 606 is set up, wherein the vibration device 606 is connected to the tractor by U-bolts. The 604 is mounted on the upper and lower sides of the crossbeam 608 of the ditching plow. The upper connecting seat is rotatably connected to the spring end of the excitation device 606, and the lower connecting seat is rotatably connected to the other end of the excitation device 606. The U-bolt connection allows for adjustment of the ditching row spacing. The plow column 605 has multiple mounting holes and is hinged to the excitation device 606 through two upper and lower mounting holes. The ditching monitoring depth can be adjusted by hinged through different mounting holes. At the same time, it can achieve monitoring without rotary tillage to monitor the soil moisture content and nutrients of the field at different times. To facilitate the connection and replacement of the fiber optic probe module 610, the acquisition box 604 and the plow column 605 are bolted together, and a window is left at the rear of the acquisition box. The plowshare 603 is welded to the front of the acquisition box 604. While completing the ditching operation, the lower end of the acquisition box 604 is used to level the ground surface and create a good environment for collecting soil moisture content and nutrients.

[0085] The fiber optic probe module 610 includes a fixing device and a fiber optic probe. The fixing device is installed inside the acquisition box 604, with the fiber optic probe fixed in the center. The acquisition box 604 provides a dark chamber for the fiber optic probe module 610, and a cover glass 611 is installed at the bottom hole to protect the fiber optic probe from soil contamination while minimizing the loss of incident and reflected light, thus ensuring the accuracy of moisture and nutrient monitoring. The cover glass 611 can be made of sapphire glass.

[0086] The main control unit 601 is fixed between the front crossbeam 105 and the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage section and is used to control the fiber optic probe module 610. The main control unit 601 includes a light source, a spectrometer, a power supply, and a data processing module. The light source, spectrometer, and fiber optic probe are connected via optical fiber. Based on the data processing module in the main control unit 601, soil reflectance spectral data is obtained according to near-infrared incident light and monitored emitted light to monitor soil moisture content and nutrients, thereby achieving dynamic in-situ monitoring of soil moisture content and nutrients. Soil moisture content is closely related to crop growth and development. Excessive moisture content reduces soil aeration, affecting crop root respiration, while insufficient moisture content leads to water shortage, wilting, and reduced yield. Furthermore, soil moisture content is crucial for assessing farmland moisture conditions.

[0087] Soil organic matter enhances soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, promotes aggregate formation, improves soil physical properties, promotes microbial activity, stimulates crop growth and development, and helps eliminate soil pollution. Nitrogen in soil is a key nutrient element for promoting plant growth, development, and reproduction; it is an important element in the formation of proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll, and is a crucial indicator of soil fertility. Phosphorus promotes the reproduction of soil microorganisms and the formation of soil structure, promotes crop root development, and improves crop quality. Potassium in soil improves soil permeability and water retention capacity, enhances crop resistance to stress, promotes photosynthesis and nutrient transport, and increases yield and quality.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, a pulley drive device 11 and a side gearbox 10 are also included; the left power output shaft 904 is driven by the pulley drive device 11, the pulley drive device 11 is driven by the straw crushing device 2, the right power output shaft 907 is driven by the side gearbox 10, and the side gearbox 10 is driven by the uniform burial device 4.

[0089] like Figure 11 As shown, the transmission relationship of the entire device is as follows: the tractor's power output shaft drives the input shaft large bevel gear 902 and input shaft small bevel gear 903 in the intermediate gearbox 9 to rotate, thereby driving the left driven bevel gear 905 and right driven bevel gear 906 to rotate, which in turn drives the left power output shaft 904 and right power output shaft 907 to rotate; the left power output shaft 904 drives the large pulley 1101 in the pulley transmission device 11 to rotate, which drives the small pulley 1102 to rotate through the belt, thereby driving the straw crushing device 2 to rotate to perform straw crushing work; the right power output shaft 907 drives the side gearbox 10 to rotate, which drives the uniform rotary burial device 4 to rotate through gear transmission to perform rotary tillage and straw burial work.

[0090] After crop harvest, the straw return process using this invention is as follows: During field operations, the tractor drives the power input shaft of the intermediate gearbox 9 to rotate, which in turn drives the left driven bevel gear 905 to rotate, causing the straw crushing device 2 to rotate in the opposite direction (opposite to the rotation direction of the tractor wheels) to crush the straw and evenly spread the crushed straw onto the ground surface. This shortens the length of the straw to be placed in the soil before rotary tillage, reducing the resistance of the rotary tillage components and the difficulty of burying the straw. At the same time, the intermediate gearbox 9 drives the right driven bevel gear 906 to rotate, driving the uniform burying device 4 to rotate forward (in the same direction as the rotation direction of the tractor wheels), tilling the uncultivated soil area, and evenly burying the crushed straw on the ground surface. The rotary tillage blades and the sawtooth spiral cross-section... The blades 407 are installed alternately. The rotary tiller blades first break the soil and bury a small amount of straw. Then, the serrated spiral cross blades 407 bury the straw that the rotary tiller blades failed to cover in situ, and throw the soil onto the leveling device 5 to level the soil after tillage. Then, the integrated monitoring device 6 performs ditching operations and monitors the soil moisture content and nutrients in the field. One blade roller can realize the full burial of straw, strong soil breaking, tillage, leveling, ditching, and soil moisture monitoring. The blades in the blade roller are reasonably and compactly arranged, with uniform force distribution, reduced soil penetration resistance, and less vibration of the installed implements during tillage, which extends the life of the implements, improves the spatial distribution uniformity of straw, better prepares seedbed conditions, and improves crop quality. This is of great significance for the improvement of precision agriculture technology.

[0091] This invention is applicable to dryland straw return operations. It is a combined tillage machine that integrates straw crushing, rotary burial, ditching, and monitoring. This machine is highly efficient and can complete multiple operations such as full straw burial, strong soil crushing, tillage, leveling, ditching, and soil moisture and nutrient monitoring in one pass.

[0092] In many farming areas of my country, the working environment is harsh, with abundant weeds, high stubble, and large amounts of straw. In traditional farming, rotary tillers are prone to straw entanglement and blockage, resulting in high resistance to soil penetration and poor burial effect. This invention incorporates a straw crushing device to shorten the length of straw to be placed in the soil before rotary tillage, thereby fundamentally reducing straw entanglement, reducing the soil penetration resistance of rotary tillage components, and improving the burial performance of rotary tillers.

[0093] This invention adds a serrated spiral cross blade to the traditional rotary tiller roller. During tillage, the spiral cross blade works in conjunction with the rotary tiller blade. The rotary tiller blade first breaks the soil and buries a small amount of straw, then the serrated spiral cross blade buries the straw that has been pushed out by the rotary tiller blade, achieving full and uniform burial of straw. The blades in the roller are arranged in a reasonable and compact manner, resulting in uniform force distribution, reduced soil penetration resistance, and minimal vibration of the implements during tillage, thus extending the implement's lifespan. Furthermore, considering the wear of the serrated spiral cross blades, a detachable serrated spiral cross blade is provided. This blade is bolted together for easy maintenance and replacement. Additionally, different serrated spiral cross blades can be removed or installed depending on the local operating environment, improving the versatility of the rotary tiller roller in different geographical environments.

[0094] This invention relies on the cooperation between various devices. Using only the uniform rotary burial device results in high resistance to soil penetration and uneven spatial burial of straw, easily leading to straw accumulation in the soil. Adding a straw crushing device further improves the burial performance of the uniform rotary burial device. The reduction in the average length of the straw allows more straw to be buried deeper in the soil, improving the spatial uniformity of straw distribution. The shortened straw and loosened soil reduce ditching resistance and plow vibration, resulting in a smoother surface after plowing and improving the accuracy of soil moisture and nutrient monitoring.

[0095] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the technical solution provided in this application include:

[0096] This application provides a combined tillage machine integrating straw crushing, rotary burial, ditching, and monitoring. It is suitable for straw return operations in dryland areas. This machine is highly efficient, completing multiple tasks in a single pass, including full straw burial, strong soil breaking, tillage, leveling, ditching, and monitoring of soil moisture and nutrients. Through its straw crushing device, this application shortens the length of straw to be placed in the soil before rotary tillage, fundamentally reducing straw entanglement. Simultaneously, the shortened straw length reduces the soil penetration resistance of the rotary tillage components, improving the burial performance of the rotary tillage blades and resulting in more uniform straw distribution under the uniform burial device. While uniformly returning straw to the field, this application also monitors soil moisture and nutrients after tillage, which is crucial for developing precision agricultural irrigation and crop growth prediction, meeting the requirements of modern precision agricultural technology development.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will understand that the steps, measures, and schemes in the various operations, methods, processes, and procedures discussed in this application can be alternated, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.

[0098] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of this application should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A full-volume straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function, characterized in that, include: frame; The straw crushing device, the compaction device, the uniform rotary burial device, and the leveling device are all connected to the frame and distributed from front to back. The straw crushing device and the uniform rotary burial device rotate in opposite directions. The integrated monitoring device includes a main control unit, a plowshare, a data acquisition box, and a fiber optic probe module. The plowshare is located behind the leveling device and covers the front of the data acquisition box. The fiber optic probe module is located inside the data acquisition box and is connected to the main control unit for signal monitoring of soil moisture and nutrients. It also includes a grass barrier and a suspension device. The frame includes multiple crossbeams, a gearbox support, a rotary tillage baffle, a left side plate, and a right side plate. Multiple crossbeams are arranged in parallel. The gearbox support, the rotary tillage baffle, and the suspension device are respectively connected to a portion of the crossbeams. The left side plate and the right side plate are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the crossbeams. The grass barrier is arranged in front of the left side plate and the right side plate. The leveling device is connected to the crossbeams and hinged to the left side plate and the right side plate. The uniform rotary embedding device includes a first serrated spiral cross-blade support, a rotary embedding blade support, a curved blade support, a rotary embedding blade disc, a rotary embedding blade shaft, a serrated spiral cross-blade, and a second serrated spiral cross-blade support. The surface of the rotary embedding cutter shaft is provided with multiple rotary embedding cutter discs and multiple rotary embedding cutter seats. Multiple curved cutter supports are circumferentially distributed on the rotary embedding cutter discs. The serrated spiral cross cutter is connected to the curved cutter supports on two adjacent rotary embedding cutter discs through the first serrated spiral cross cutter support and the second serrated spiral cross cutter support, respectively. The uniform rotary tillage device also includes a single-hole rotary tillage blade and a double-hole rotary tillage blade. The single-hole rotary tillage blade is arranged around the rotary tillage blade seat, and multiple double-hole rotary tillage blades are circumferentially distributed on the rotary tillage blade disc. The double-hole rotary tillage blades and the single-hole rotary tillage blades are arranged in a symmetrical triple helix, and the serrated spiral cross blades are arranged in a symmetrical triple helix. The integrated monitoring device includes a hydraulic cylinder support, a plow column, a vibration excitation device, a hydraulic cylinder, a trenching plow beam, a vibration excitation device connecting seat, and a cover glass. The hydraulic cylinder support is connected to one of the crossbeams. The hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the hydraulic cylinder support and the ditching plow crossbeam. The ditching plow crossbeam is rotatably connected to the other crossbeam. The excitation device is symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the ditching plow crossbeam through the excitation device connecting seat. The plow column is hinged to the excitation device and connected to the collection box. The cover glass covers the bottom of the collection box.

2. The full-volume straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a gearbox, which comprises a power input shaft, a large input shaft bevel gear, a small input shaft bevel gear, a left power output shaft, a left driven bevel gear, a right driven bevel gear, a right power output shaft, and a gearbox housing; The gearbox housing is connected to the gearbox support. The power input shaft passes through the front and rear sides of the gearbox housing and is rotatably connected to the gearbox housing. The large bevel gear and the small bevel gear of the input shaft are respectively connected to the power input shaft. The left driven bevel gear is perpendicular to and meshes with the large bevel gear of the input shaft. The right driven bevel gear is perpendicular to and meshes with the small bevel gear of the input shaft. The left power output shaft and the right power output shaft are respectively connected to the left driven bevel gear and the right driven bevel gear.

3. The full-volume straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The straw crushing device includes a crushing cover, a crushing blade shaft, a crushing blade seat, a straw crushing spade, and a straw blade roller bearing seat; The two ends of the crushing blade shaft are rotatably connected to the left side plate and the right side plate respectively through the straw blade roller bearing seat. The straw crushing blade is rotatably connected to the crushing blade seat. The crushing blade seat is spirally and alternately arranged on the crushing blade shaft. The crushing cover is sleeved on the outside of the crushing blade shaft.

4. The full-volume straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The straw crushing device further includes a first straw crushing fixed blade group and a second straw crushing fixed blade group, which are circumferentially distributed on the inner surface of the crushing cover.

5. The full-volume straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressing device includes a pressing roller support, a pressing roller, a pressing roller side plate, and a pressing spring column; The two ends of the pressing roller are rotatably connected to the left side plate and the right side plate respectively through the pressing roller support, and the pressing roller side plate is connected to the pressing roller support and the pressing spring column respectively.

6. The full-volume straw rotary tillage machine with in-situ dynamic spectral acquisition function according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a pulley drive device and a side gearbox; the left power output shaft is driven by the pulley drive device, the pulley drive device is driven by the straw crushing device, the right power output shaft is driven by the side gearbox, and the side gearbox is driven by the uniform burial device.

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