A method for enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of eco-remediation substrates containing kitchen waste using arbuscular mycorrhizae.

Abstract

This invention provides a substrate and method for enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of a food waste-containing ecological restoration substrate using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, comprising a dry-sprayed ecological restoration base layer and a wet-sprayed top layer. The top layer comprises the following components in the indicated weight ratios: food waste ecological restoration substrate carbon sequestration mixture A, planting soil, soil binder, water-retaining agent, biochar, and compound fertilizer; the base layer comprises the following components in the indicated weight ratios: food waste ecological restoration substrate carbon sequestration mixture B, planting soil, soil binder, 100-mesh corn stalks, biochar, and compound fertilizer. This method not only effectively reduces the environmental pollution caused by food waste but also fully utilizes the resource value of the rich nutrients in food waste. The organic acids produced after the decomposition of food waste and the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in regulating osmotic balance can improve soil structure in saline-alkali areas, increase soil fertility, improve the alkaline environment, and enhance the salt tolerance of plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope ecological restoration, specifically a method for enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of ecological restoration substrates containing kitchen waste by utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizae. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of residents' living standards, kitchen waste has become an important component of solid waste. Improper handling can cause serious environmental pollution. Currently, the main methods of kitchen waste disposal are landfill or incineration, which fail to fully utilize its rich organic resources. Resource-based treatment of kitchen waste can not only effectively reduce its negative environmental impact but also transform it into valuable resources, achieving a win-win situation for both the economy and the environment. Meanwhile, ecological restoration in saline-alkali areas has always been a focus of environmental restoration efforts, as the high salinity, alkalinity, and poor soil structure severely limit the process of ecological restoration.

[0003] Ecological restoration is an effective measure to increase carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems and an important means to mitigate global warming. Incorporating kitchen waste into ecological restoration substrates reduces environmental pollution; the organic acids produced during decomposition neutralize some salts, improve soil structure, and enhance carbon sequestration capacity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as an effective ecological restoration tool, also play a crucial role in enhancing carbon sequestration capacity by improving plant salt tolerance, secreting organic acids, and increasing aggregate stability. The extensive hyphal network of AMF enhances plant absorption of water and nutrients, while also secreting extra-radical enzymes and organic acids to provide suitable living conditions for decomposing bacteria. Decomposing bacteria decompose kitchen waste, providing nutrients for plant and AMF growth, promoting their development. Plants produce organic carbon sources through photosynthesis, providing nutrition for decomposing bacteria and AMF, and creating a favorable environment for improving soil structure. Considering the synergistic effects among AMF, plants, and decomposing bacteria, combining AMF and decomposing bacteria promotes the ecological restoration process and significantly improves the carbon sequestration capacity of the ecological restoration substrate.

[0004] In summary, there is a need to find a method to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of eco-remediation substrates mixed with kitchen waste in saline-alkali areas by utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in conjunction with decomposing bacteria. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the existing technical problems, the main objective of this invention is to provide a method for enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of eco-remediation substrates containing kitchen waste by utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizae. This method not only enables the resource utilization of kitchen waste but also further enhances the eco-remediation effect and improves the carbon sequestration capacity of the eco-remediation substrate.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical features, the objective of this invention is as follows: a substrate that utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizae to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of an eco-remediation substrate containing kitchen waste, comprising an eco-remediation substrate surface layer and an eco-remediation substrate base layer.

[0007] The surface layer of the ecological restoration substrate is prepared by uniformly mixing plant seeds with kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture A, planting soil, soil binder, water retainer, biochar, compound fertilizer, humic acid, gypsum, bagasse powder and plant seeds in a certain weight ratio.

[0008] The kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture A is prepared by mixing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fruit and vegetable kitchen waste, legume kitchen waste, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger fungi in a certain weight ratio.

[0009] The ecological restoration substrate base layer is prepared by uniformly mixing kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B, planting soil, soil binder, water retention agent, corn stalks passing through 100 mesh, biochar, compound fertilizer, gypsum, and bagasse powder in a certain weight ratio.

[0010] The carbon fixation mixture B for the kitchen waste ecological remediation substrate is composed of carbon fixation mixtures B1 and B2, which are wrapped by a polyacrylic acid outer membrane and separated by a curved polyacrylic acid membrane inside the outer membrane. Carbon fixation mixture B1 is prepared by mixing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, kitchen waste, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar in a certain weight ratio. Carbon fixation mixture B2 is prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, actinomycetes, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar in a certain weight ratio.

[0011] Preferably, the weight ratio of the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture A, planting soil, soil binder, water-retaining agent, biochar, compound fertilizer, humic acid, gypsum, and bagasse powder in the surface layer of the ecological restoration substrate is 2-6:100:1-2:0.1-0.3:1-2:0.8-1.2:0.5-1:1-2:0.5-1.

[0012] Preferably, the weight ratio of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fruit and vegetable kitchen waste, bean kitchen waste, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger fungi in the carbon fixation mixture A of the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate is 2-3:45-50:45-50:1-2:1-2.

[0013] Preferably, the weight ratio of the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B, planting soil, soil binder, water-retaining agent, corn stalks passing through 100 mesh, biochar, compound fertilizer, gypsum, and bagasse powder in the base layer of the ecological restoration substrate is 4-6:100:2-4:0.1-0.3:6-8:2-3:4-6:1-2:0.5-1.

[0014] Preferably, the weight ratio of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, kitchen waste, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar in the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B1 is 1-2:10-14:4-5:4-5;

[0015] Preferably, the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, actinomycetes, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar in the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B2 is 1:1:1:6-8:6-8.

[0016] Preferably, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is a 1:1 mixture of *Glomus moses* and *Glomus endorrhizos*.

[0017] Preferably, the planting soil is taken from the top 0-10cm of soil in saline-alkali areas, and the soil is air-dried, crushed, and sieved through a 10 mm sieve.

[0018] The soil adhesive is a mixture of cement, bentonite, and gelatin in a 1:1:1 ratio.

[0019] The water-retaining agent is a mixture of polyvinylamide and polymer hydrogel in a 1:1 ratio;

[0020] The biochar is a 1:1 mixture of mineral biochar and wood biochar that have passed through a 200-mesh sieve.

[0021] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is composed of fast-acting fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer, wherein the fast-acting fertilizer contains N, P, and K mixed in a ratio of ammonium sulfate: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: potassium sulfate of 1-2:1-2:1-2, and the slow-release fertilizer is polyamino acid slow-release fertilizer.

[0022] Preferably, the density of the plant seeds is 10-30 grams per square meter, and the plant seeds are a mixture of bermudagrass, alfalfa, ryegrass, magnolia, raspberry, and poplar in a ratio of 3:3:3:2:2:1.

[0023] The kitchen waste was pre-dried and crushed through a 1 mm sieve. The kitchen waste in the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B1 was also fermented.

[0024] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for improving the carbon sequestration capacity of a kitchen waste-mixed ecological restoration substrate in saline-alkali areas using the aforementioned substrate that utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizae to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Preparation of carbon fixation mixture B for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate: Mix the treated kitchen waste, potato dextrose agar, corn flour agar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the set weight ratio to make B1. Mix Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, actinomycetes, potato dextrose agar and corn flour agar in the above weight ratio to make B2. B1 and B2 are wrapped by a polyacrylic acid outer membrane and separated by a curved polyacrylic acid membrane inside the outer membrane.

[0026] Step 2: Constructing the ecological restoration base layer: Mix the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B prepared in Step 1, planting soil, soil binder, corn stalks that pass through 100 mesh, biochar, and compound fertilizer evenly according to the above weight proportions, and spray them onto the slope surface using a dry spraying process to form a base layer with a thickness of 8-10cm.

[0027] Step 3: Preparation of carbon fixation mixture A for ecological restoration of kitchen waste: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fruit and vegetable kitchen waste, legume kitchen waste, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger fungi according to the set weight ratio;

[0028] Step 4: Constructing the ecological restoration surface layer: Mix the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture A prepared in Step 3 with planting soil, soil binder, water-retaining agent, biochar, compound fertilizer and plant seeds in the set weight ratio, and then spray it onto the base layer to form a surface layer with a thickness of 2-3cm using a wet spraying process.

[0029] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention adds humic acid to the surface layer, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) Promotes seed germination: It can stimulate the synthesis of plant hormones such as auxin and cytokinin in the seeds, thereby promoting seed germination and seedling growth; (2) Improves saline-alkali land: Humic acid can reduce the pH of saline-alkali land, and the organic acids in humic acid can combine with sodium ions and other salts in the soil to form soluble complexes, thereby improving saline-alkali land; (3) Accelerates the decomposition of kitchen waste: Humic acid can activate the microbial community in the soil, enhance the activity of decomposing bacteria, accelerate the decomposition of kitchen waste, and convert it into a more stable form of organic carbon, while releasing more nutrients; (4) Provides a growth environment: Humic acid can improve the soil aggregate structure, optimize soil permeability and water retention capacity, and provide a suitable environment for plant germination, root growth and microbial growth; (5) Reduces

[0031] 2. The present invention adds gypsum to both the surface layer and the base layer, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) Improve soil salinity: Gypsum is rich in calcium sulfate. Calcium ions undergo ion exchange with sodium ions in the soil to form soluble sodium sulfate, which can be washed away by rainfall, reducing the concentration of sodium ions in the soil; (2) Accelerate the decomposition of kitchen waste: The calcium ions provided can promote microbial activity, promoting the growth and metabolism of decomposing bacteria; (3) Improve soil structure: The calcium ions provided can combine with the negatively charged soil surface, increasing the adsorption force between particles, improving soil structure, increasing permeability and water retention capacity, and providing a suitable environment for plant growth and microbial metabolism; (4) Reduce nutrient imbalance: Kitchen waste contains a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, but lacks essential nutrients for plant growth such as magnesium, which will affect ecological restoration. The increase in calcium ion concentration will cause magnesium ions to be replaced from soil particles for plant absorption.

[0032] 3. The present invention adds biochar to both the surface layer and the base layer, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) adsorbing harmful gases: biochar can alleviate harmful gases such as methane that may be produced by the decomposition of kitchen waste; (2) providing carbon source: biochar provides a stable carbon source, promotes the accumulation of organic carbon in the soil, and helps to improve the soil's carbon fixation capacity; (3) improving water retention capacity: the porous structure, high specific surface area and strong adsorption of biochar can significantly improve the soil's water retention capacity and promote microbial metabolism and plant growth.

[0033] 4. The addition of bagasse powder to both the surface layer and the base layer of this invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Provides mineral elements such as magnesium and potassium to maintain the balance of nutrients in the soil: Gypsum is used to treat saline-alkali land, which may lead to excessive accumulation of calcium ions in the soil, weakening the absorption of other important elements (potassium and magnesium) by plants, resulting in malnutrition of plants. Bagasse powder contains the above mineral elements to supplement magnesium and potassium fertilizer, which can appropriately alleviate the negative impact of excessive calcium ions on plant growth; (2) Accelerates the effect of gypsum on saline-alkali land: Gypsum dissolves slowly when the water content is low, and the treatment effect is not good. Bagasse powder can effectively enhance the water retention of the soil and accelerate the effect of gypsum on saline-alkali land; (3) Provides carbon source: As an organic matter source, bagasse powder promotes microbial activity, improves soil structure, and effectively improves the carbon sequestration capacity of the soil.

[0034] 5. This invention directly stimulates changes in seed hormones and improves soil structure by adding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the surface layer of ecological restoration, thereby increasing moisture and promoting seed germination. At the same time, it indirectly enhances the decomposition ability of decomposing bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger by secreting substances such as organic acids and improving the structure of soil aggregates. This accelerates the decomposition of phosphorus-rich kitchen waste such as fruits, vegetables and beans, producing phosphorus nutrients that promote seed germination.

[0035] 6. This invention adopts an ecological restoration construction method that combines dry spraying of the base layer and wet spraying of the surface layer. After wet spraying of the surface layer, water seeps into the base layer, causing the polyacrylic acid membrane that encapsulates the carbon fixation mixture B of the ecological restoration substrate for kitchen waste to dissolve. (1) Before the membrane dissolves, the kitchen waste inside the membrane can serve as part of the culture medium to provide nutrients for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which facilitates the survival and preservation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. (2) After the membrane dissolves, 1) the kitchen waste in B1 mixes with Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, and actinomycetes in B2, and the kitchen waste begins to decompose; 2) after the membrane dissolves, it provides nutrient raw materials for decomposing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, further accelerating the decomposition of kitchen waste; 3) after the membrane dissolves, it forms pores in the ecological restoration substrate, providing space for the growth of decomposing bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and plant roots; 4) the curved structure of the separator membrane inside the soluble membrane makes the contact surface between the dissolved kitchen waste and the decomposing bacteria more, which can accelerate the decomposition process of the decomposing bacteria; 5) after the polyacrylic acid membrane dissolves, the carboxyl groups dissociate hydrogen ions, which improves the soil pH.

[0036] 7. The present invention provides a method for enhancing the carbon fixation capacity of a substrate for ecological restoration of saline-alkali areas by combining arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with decomposing bacteria. The combined action of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and decomposing bacteria in ecological restoration can achieve the following: (1) Improvement of soil structure: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase the formation of soil aggregates through extensive hyphae, improve plant salt tolerance, secrete organic acids, improve the pH value, permeability and water retention capacity of saline-alkali soil, which is conducive to the activity of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic matter, thereby promoting carbon fixation; (2) Promotion of organic matter accumulation: Promote root growth, secrete organic matter, provide carbon source for microbial growth, accelerate the decomposition of kitchen waste, and the organic acids produced can improve soil salinity and alkalinity, which helps to improve the utilization rate of organic matter in kitchen waste by plants, and further improve the carbon fixation capacity of the soil; (3) Enhance plant growth and stress resistance: Symbiosis enhances the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients, improves salt tolerance, promotes growth and photosynthesis, and increases carbon fixation.

[0037] 8. This invention provides a method for enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of eco-remediation substrates mixed with kitchen waste in saline-alkali areas through a combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and decomposing bacteria. It combines the principles of sustainable utilization of waste resources with eco-remediation technology, applying the processed kitchen waste to eco-remediation substrates. This increases the fertility of the eco-remediation substrate and enhances its carbon sequestration capacity, resulting in excellent eco-remediation effects and achieving harmless and resource-based utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation and construction process of the substrate for this invention.

[0040] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the slope profile and the carbon fixation mixture of each layer of kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate according to the present invention.

[0041] In the figure, 1 is carbon fixation mixture A for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate, 2 is carbon fixation mixture B for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate, 3 is polyacrylic acid outer film, 4 is curved polyacrylic acid inner film, 5 is carbon fixation mixture B1 for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate, 6 is carbon fixation mixture B2 for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate, 7 is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 8 is kitchen waste, 9 is potato dextrose agar, 10 is corn flour agar, 11 is Bacillus subtilis, 12 is white rot fungi, 13 is actinomycetes, 14 is fruit and vegetable kitchen waste, 15 is legume kitchen waste, and 16 is Aspergillus niger. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Example 1 (Minimum):

[0044] A method for enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of eco-remediation substrates mixed with kitchen waste in saline-alkali areas through a combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and decomposing bacteria includes the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Preparation of carbon fixation mixture B for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, kitchen waste, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar in a ratio of 1.5:12:4.5:4.5 for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B1, and mix B1 and B2 in a ratio of 1:1:1:7:7 for Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, actinomycetes, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar. Wrap B1 and B2 in a polyacrylic acid outer membrane and separate them with a curved polyacrylic acid membrane inside the outer membrane.

[0046] Step 2: Constructing the ecological restoration base layer: Mix the kitchen waste ecological restoration base carbon fixation mixture B prepared in Step 1, planting soil, soil binder, water retention agent, corn stalks passing through 100 mesh, biochar, compound fertilizer, gypsum, and bagasse powder evenly in a ratio of 4:100:3:0.2:7:2.5:5:1.5:0.75 by weight, and spray it onto the slope surface using a dry spraying process to form a 9 cm thick base layer;

[0047] Step 3: Preparation of carbon fixation mixture A for ecological restoration of kitchen waste: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fruit and vegetable kitchen waste, legume kitchen waste, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger fungi in a ratio of 2.5:47.5:47.5:1.5:1.5;

[0048] Step 4: Constructing the ecological restoration surface layer: The kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture A prepared in Step 3 is mixed evenly with planting soil, soil binder, water-retaining agent, biochar, compound fertilizer, humic acid, gypsum, and bagasse powder in a ratio of 2:100:1.5:0.2:1.5:1:0.75:1.5:0.75 by weight with plant seeds. Then, the mixture is sprayed onto the base layer using a wet spraying process to form a 3 cm thick surface layer.

[0049] Example 2 (intermediate value):

[0050] A method for enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of eco-remediation substrates mixed with kitchen waste in saline-alkali areas through a combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and decomposing bacteria includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Preparation of carbon fixation mixture B for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, kitchen waste, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar in a ratio of 1.5:12:4.5:4.5 for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B1, and mix B1 and B2 in a ratio of 1:1:1:7:7 for Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, actinomycetes, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar. Wrap B1 and B2 in a polyacrylic acid outer membrane and separate them with a curved polyacrylic acid membrane inside the outer membrane.

[0052] Step 2: Constructing the ecological restoration base layer: Mix the kitchen waste ecological restoration base carbon fixation mixture B prepared in Step 1, planting soil, soil binder, water retention agent, corn stalks passing through 100 mesh, biochar, compound fertilizer, gypsum, and bagasse powder evenly in a ratio of 5:100:3:0.2:7:2.5:5:1.5:0.75 by weight, and spray it onto the slope surface using a dry spraying process to form a 9 cm thick base layer;

[0053] Step 3: Preparation of carbon fixation mixture A for ecological restoration of kitchen waste: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fruit and vegetable kitchen waste, legume kitchen waste, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger fungi in a ratio of 2.5:47.5:47.5:1.5:1.5;

[0054] Step 4: Constructing the ecological restoration surface layer: The kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture A prepared in Step 3 is mixed evenly with planting soil, soil binder, water-retaining agent, biochar, compound fertilizer, humic acid, gypsum, bagasse powder in a ratio of 4:100:1.5:0.2:1.5:1:0.75:1.5:0.75 by weight with plant seeds. Then, the mixture is sprayed onto the base layer using a wet spraying process to form a 3 cm thick surface layer.

[0055] Example 3 (maximum value):

[0056] A method for enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of eco-remediation substrates mixed with kitchen waste in saline-alkali areas through a combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and decomposing bacteria includes the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: Preparation of carbon fixation mixture B for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, kitchen waste, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar in a ratio of 1.5:12:4.5:4.5 for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B1, and mix B1 and B2 in a ratio of 1:1:1:7:7 for Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, actinomycetes, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar. Wrap B1 and B2 in a polyacrylic acid outer membrane and separate them with a curved polyacrylic acid membrane inside the outer membrane.

[0058] Step 2: Constructing the ecological restoration base layer: Mix the kitchen waste ecological restoration base carbon fixation mixture B prepared in Step 1, planting soil, soil binder, water retention agent, corn stalks passing through 100 mesh, biochar, compound fertilizer, gypsum, and bagasse powder evenly in the following weight ratios: 6:100:3:0.2:7:2.5:5:1.5:0.75. Apply the mixture to the slope surface using a dry spraying process to form a 9 cm thick base layer.

[0059] Step 3: Preparation of carbon fixation mixture A for ecological restoration of kitchen waste: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fruit and vegetable kitchen waste, legume kitchen waste, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger fungi in a ratio of 2.5:47.5:47.5:1.5:1.5;

[0060] Step 4: Constructing the ecological restoration surface layer: The kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture A prepared in Step 3 is mixed evenly with planting soil, soil binder, water-retaining agent, biochar, compound fertilizer, humic acid, gypsum, bagasse powder in a ratio of 6:100:1.5:0.2:1.5:1:0.75:1.5:0.75 by weight with plant seeds. Then, the mixture is sprayed onto the base layer using a wet spraying process to form a 3 cm thick surface layer.

[0061] Comparative Example 1:

[0062] Compared with Example 1, this Comparative Example 1 did not add arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to either the base layer or the surface layer, while the other steps and parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 2:

[0064] Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 2 did not add any decomposing bacteria to the base layer or the surface layer, while the other steps and parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0065] Comparative Example 3:

[0066] Compared with Example 1, this comparative case 3 did not add kitchen waste to either the base layer or the surface layer, while the other steps and parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0067] Control group:

[0068] The control group consisted of vegetation ecological restoration substrate without the addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, kitchen waste, and various decomposing bacteria. Other steps and parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0069] For the experimental protocols of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, and the control group, after two years of project implementation, the porosity, pH, conductivity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total organic carbon, soluble organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon of the ecological restoration substrate were tested. Specific experimental data are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1 Comparison of Experimental Data

[0071]

[0072] As can be seen from the table above, the methods of using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with decomposing bacteria to improve the ecological restoration substrate containing kitchen waste in Examples 1, 2, and 3 resulted in higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil compared to the comparative and control groups. Specifically, these levels increased by 19.70%-28.57%, 42.5%-62.50%, and 21.57%-31.66% respectively compared to the control group. Furthermore, the total organic carbon, soluble organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon content in these examples increased by 27.51%-31.68%, 18.45%-28.14%, and 22.19%-32.79% respectively compared to the control group. These data demonstrate that the method of using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with decomposing bacteria can enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the ecological restoration substrate containing kitchen waste in saline-alkali areas, thereby improving the ecological restoration effect.

[0073] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A substrate that utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizae to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of a substrate containing kitchen waste for ecological remediation, characterized in that, Includes the surface layer of the ecological restoration substrate and the base layer of the ecological restoration substrate; The surface layer of the ecological restoration substrate is prepared by uniformly mixing plant seeds with kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture A, planting soil, soil binder, water retainer, biochar, compound fertilizer, humic acid, gypsum, bagasse powder and plant seeds in a certain weight ratio. The kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture A is prepared by mixing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fruit and vegetable kitchen waste, legume kitchen waste, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger fungi in a certain weight ratio. The ecological restoration substrate base layer is prepared by uniformly mixing kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B, planting soil, soil binder, water retention agent, corn stalks passing through 100 mesh, biochar, compound fertilizer, gypsum, and bagasse powder in a certain weight ratio. The carbon fixation mixture B for the kitchen waste ecological remediation substrate is composed of carbon fixation mixtures B1 and B2, which are wrapped by a polyacrylic acid outer membrane and separated by a curved polyacrylic acid membrane inside the outer membrane. Carbon fixation mixture B1 is prepared by mixing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, kitchen waste, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar in a certain weight ratio. Carbon fixation mixture B2 is prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, actinomycetes, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar in a certain weight ratio.

2. The substrate according to claim 1, which utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizae to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of a substrate containing kitchen waste for ecological remediation, is characterized in that: The weight ratio of the following components in the surface layer of the ecological restoration substrate is 2-6:100:1-2:0.1-0.3:1-2:0.8-1.2:0.5-1:1-2:0.5-1.

3. The substrate according to claim 1, which utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizae to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of a substrate containing kitchen waste for ecological remediation, is characterized in that: The weight ratio of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fruit and vegetable kitchen waste, bean kitchen waste, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger fungi in the carbon fixation mixture A of the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate is 2-3:45-50:45-50:1-2:1-2.

4. The substrate according to claim 1, which utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizae to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of a substrate containing kitchen waste for ecological remediation, is characterized in that: The weight ratio of the following components in the ecological restoration substrate base layer is 4-6:100:2-4:0.1-0.3:6-8:2-3:4-6:1-2:0.5-1.

5. The substrate according to claim 1, which utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizae to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of a substrate containing kitchen waste for ecological remediation, is characterized in that: The weight ratio of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, kitchen waste, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar in the carbon fixation mixture B1 for the ecological restoration substrate of kitchen waste is 1-2:10-14:4-5:4-5. The weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, white-rot fungi, actinomycetes, potato dextrose agar, and corn flour agar in the carbon fixation mixture B2 for the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate is 1:1:1:6-8:6-8.

6. The substrate according to claim 1, which utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizae to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of a substrate containing kitchen waste for ecological remediation, is characterized in that: The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are a 1:1 mixture of *Glomus mosie* and *Glomus endorrhizos*.

7. The substrate according to claim 1, which utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizae to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of a substrate containing kitchen waste for ecological remediation, is characterized in that: The planting soil is taken from the top 0-10cm of soil in saline-alkali areas. The soil is air-dried, crushed, and sieved through a 10 mm sieve. The soil adhesive is a mixture of cement, bentonite, and gelatin in a 1:1:1 ratio. The water-retaining agent is a mixture of polyvinylamide and polymer hydrogel in a 1:1 ratio; The biochar is a 1:1 mixture of mineral biochar and wood biochar that have passed through a 200-mesh sieve.

8. The substrate according to claim 1, which utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizae to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of a substrate containing kitchen waste for ecological remediation, is characterized in that: The compound fertilizer consists of fast-acting fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer. The fast-acting fertilizer contains N, P, and K mixed in a ratio of ammonium sulfate: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: potassium sulfate of 1-2:1-2:1-2. The slow-release fertilizer is polyamino acid slow-release fertilizer.

9. The substrate according to claim 1, which utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizae to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of a substrate containing kitchen waste for ecological remediation, is characterized in that: The density of the plant seeds is 10-30 grams per square meter, and the plant seeds are a mixture of bermudagrass, alfalfa, ryegrass, magnolia, raspberry and poplar in a ratio of 3:3:3:2:2:

1. The kitchen waste was pre-dried and crushed through a 1 mm sieve. The kitchen waste in the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B1 was also fermented.

10. A method for enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of a substrate mixed with kitchen waste for ecological restoration in saline-alkali areas using the method described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of carbon fixation mixture B for kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate: Mix the treated kitchen waste, potato dextrose agar, corn flour agar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the set weight ratio to make B1. Mix Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, actinomycetes, potato dextrose agar and corn flour agar in the above weight ratio to make B2. B1 and B2 are wrapped by a polyacrylic acid outer membrane and separated by a curved polyacrylic acid membrane inside the outer membrane. Step 2: Constructing the ecological restoration base layer: Mix the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture B prepared in Step 1, planting soil, soil binder, corn stalks that pass through 100 mesh, biochar, and compound fertilizer evenly according to the above weight proportions, and spray them onto the slope surface using a dry spraying process to form a base layer with a thickness of 8-10cm. Step 3: Preparation of carbon fixation mixture A for ecological restoration of kitchen waste: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fruit and vegetable kitchen waste, legume kitchen waste, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger fungi according to the set weight ratio; Step 4: Constructing the ecological restoration surface layer: Mix the kitchen waste ecological restoration substrate carbon fixation mixture A prepared in Step 3 with planting soil, soil binder, water-retaining agent, biochar, compound fertilizer and plant seeds in the set weight ratio, and then spray it onto the base layer to form a surface layer with a thickness of 2-3cm using a wet spraying process.

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