Method for improving test matching efficiency of hybrid rice

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving hybrid rice test matching efficiency, and relates to the technical field of hybrid rice breeding, and the method for improving the hybrid rice test matching efficiency comprises the following steps: S1, determining a suitable sowing time; s2, sowing and seedling raising are performed on the test-matched sterile line and the restorer line respectively; s3, transplanting and inserting a signboard; s4, after the seedlings turn green, pulling up an odd number of restoring lines and then inserting the restoring lines; s5, when the seedlings grow to a young ear differentiation VI stage, isolating different restorer lines by using isolation cloth; s6, removing abnormal plants and the transformed sterile line; s7, gibberellin is sprayed; s8, carrying out pollination; and S9, single harvesting and drying in the sun. According to the method, the sterile line and the restorer line are transplanted at a time in the transplanting link, and the problems that in a traditional hybrid rice test matching mode, the working process is tedious, manpower is consumed, the test matching effect is easily affected due to misoperation, and the working efficiency is low can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid rice breeding, in particular to a method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency. Background Art

[0002] The traditional hybrid rice matching method cannot efficiently integrate the planting information of sterile lines and restorer lines, and cannot quickly obtain relevant data in a convenient way, resulting in chaotic information management and easy errors and omissions. The hybrid rice matching method of the present application can solve the problems of inconvenient information management, low accuracy, cumbersome work flow, labor-intensive, easy to affect the matching effect due to operational errors, and low work efficiency in the traditional hybrid rice matching method.

[0003] The defects of the existing hybrid rice matching method are:

[0004] 1. Patent document CN115088611B discloses a method for breeding high-resistant starch hybrid rice. The document mainly considers how to provide a method for breeding high-resistant starch hybrid rice, which has the function of high-resistant starch and excellent rice noodle-specific processing performance, and is suitable for simplified cultivation. It does not consider how to solve the problems of inconvenient information management, low accuracy, cumbersome work flow, labor-intensive, easy to affect the testing and matching effect due to operational errors, and low work efficiency in the traditional hybrid rice testing and matching method;

[0005] 2. Patent document CN106386465B discloses a method for breeding polyploid two-line hybrid rice. The document mainly considers how to utilize the strong hybrid advantages of polyploid rice, such as thick stalks, enlarged flower organs, large panicles and grains, large pollen quantity, large pollen grains, and high fruit set rate, and combine the existing diploid hybrid advantages to convert them into hybrid advantages of polyploid "two-line" hybrid rice. However, it does not consider how to solve the problem that it is difficult to accurately consider the complex effects of climatic factors on the fertility of sterile lines in the prior art, and lacks accurate matching of the reproductive characteristics of sterile lines and restorer lines, resulting in low hybrid rice matching success rate and difficulty in ensuring the safety of the matching process;

[0006] 3. Patent document CN111296273B discloses a method for breeding a hybrid rice restorer line with a soft rice gene. The document mainly considers how to introduce the Wxmq soft rice gene into the hybrid japonica rice restorer line to provide restorer line resources for breeding hybrid rice with soft rice characteristics, but does not consider how to solve the problem that the safeguard measures for seedling purity in the prior art are not comprehensive and accurate enough, and the seedling purity cannot be strictly guaranteed, thereby affecting the quality and yield of hybrid rice;

[0007] 4. Patent document CN114431134B discloses a method for breeding hybrid colored rice. The document mainly considers how to provide a method for breeding hybrid colored rice that is beautiful, delicious and nutritious, and can be better used in creative agriculture to promote rural revitalization. It does not consider how to solve the problem that the pollination process of hybrid rice in the prior art is extensively controlled and easily disturbed by external factors, resulting in low pollination success rate and poor stability. Summary of the invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the efficiency of hybrid rice matching to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for improving the efficiency of hybrid rice matching, the method for improving the efficiency of hybrid rice matching is as follows:

[0010] S1. Review historical meteorological data, use data analysis models to select the heading period that is conducive to the safety of fertility of the two-line sterile line and avoids extreme high temperatures, and reverse the theoretical sowing period based on the reproductive characteristics of the sterile line and the restorer line to determine the appropriate sowing period;

[0011] S2, sowing and raising seedlings of the tested sterile line and the restorer line respectively according to the sowing time determined in S1;

[0012] S3, when the seedlings in S2 grow to the 4-6 leaf stage, transplant them according to the specifications. Materials with a sowing period of no more than 5 days apart can be transplanted together, and a smart identification plate with a QR code is inserted. After scanning, the sterile line and restorer line number, name and planting information can be obtained;

[0013] S4: After the S3 seedlings turn green, pull up the odd-numbered restoration plants and plant them again;

[0014] S5, when the S3 seedlings grow to the panicle differentiation stage VI, the different restoration lines are isolated with isolation cloth;

[0015] S6, during the whole process, remove foreign plants and sterile lines that have been transferred;

[0016] S7, when more than 70% of the sterile lines in S3 have reached 5%-12% heading, spray gibberellin;

[0017] S8, wait until the sterile line in S3 reaches the heading and flowering stage, and the restorer line starts to bloom and ends the flowering stage, and pollinate after flowering every day;

[0018] S9. When more than 80% of the sterile line grains in S3 are yellow and ripe, each sterile line is harvested individually, dried in the sun, and the matching is completed.

[0019] Preferably, in S1, the following is also included:

[0020] S11. Historical meteorological data include meteorological data of the area where the measurement is carried out for the past twenty years;

[0021] S12, the sowing date of the restoration line is 2-4 days earlier than its theoretical sowing date;

[0022] S13, the interval between the sterile line and the restorer line in the initiation of heading is less than 7 days;

[0023] S14. Materials with a theoretical sowing period of 3-4 days apart can be sown at the same time.

[0024] Preferably, in S3, the specifications include the following:

[0025] S31, restoration line planted in 1 row, with a spacing of 30-35cm;

[0026] S32, each sterile line was planted in 2 holes, with a hole distance of 15-18 cm;

[0027] The spacing between S33, the sterile line and the restorer line, and the other sterile line was 30-35 cm;

[0028] S34, the interval between different restoration lines is 75-85cm.

[0029] Preferably, in S4, the following is also included:

[0030] S41. Pull up an odd number of restoration plants and replant them, then water them to activate the roots.

[0031] Preferably, in S5, the following is also included:

[0032] S51, the isolation cloth is a non-woven fabric with a mesh diameter not greater than 0.1 mm;

[0033] S52. The isolation height shall not be less than 2.5m.

[0034] Preferably, in S6, the following is also included:

[0035] S61. From the seedling stage to the panicle differentiation stage, remove foreign plants according to leaf color, plant type, leaf width, and the angle between the leaf and the stem;

[0036] S62. During heading and flowering, remove foreign plants according to heading period, plant height and ear type;

[0037] S63, 12-18 days before the sterile line starts to ear, when the temperature is lower than 23°C, remove the existing sterile lines;

[0038] S64. Removal of weeds is either cutting them down to the ground or uprooting them.

[0039] Preferably, in S7, the following is also included:

[0040] S71, apply 1.5-2.5g of gibberellin with an active ingredient content of 3% per mu, and spray continuously for 3-5 days;

[0041] S72. The best time to spray gibberellins is in the morning when the weather is sunny and the air humidity is 40%-60%.

[0042] Preferably, in S8, the following is also included:

[0043] S81, artificial pollination with bamboo poles at intervals of 0.5 h / time, lasting for 7-12 days;

[0044] S82. Record the daily pollination situation, including pollination time, number of times and weather conditions.

[0045] Preferably, in S9, the following is also included:

[0046] S91. Carry out quality inspection on the sun-dried seeds, including germination rate, purity, moisture content, thousand-grain weight and vitality tests.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] 1. The present invention completes the transplanting layout of sterile lines and restorer lines at one time during the transplanting stage, and inserts an intelligent identification plate with a QR code. The intelligent identification plate is like a convenient information hub. Researchers can quickly obtain the sterile line and restorer line numbers, names and planting information by simply scanning, which greatly improves the convenience and accuracy of information management. After the rice blooms naturally, only artificial assisted pollination operations are required to complete the matching work. In particular, one restorer line can match more than 40-50 different sterile lines at a time. In the traditional matching method, a large number of cumbersome work processes such as cutting the awns, arranging the rice ears, and bagging not only consume a lot of manpower, but also easily affect the matching effect due to operational errors. In contrast, the present invention greatly improves the working efficiency of hybrid rice matching by simplifying the process, and significantly reduces manpower input. Therefore, it can solve the problems of inconvenient information management, low accuracy, cumbersome work processes, labor consumption, easy to affect the matching effect due to operational errors, and low work efficiency in the traditional hybrid rice matching method.

[0049] 2. The present invention comprehensively consults the historical meteorological data of the area to be tested for nearly 20 years in the early preparation stage of testing and matching, and uses advanced data analysis models to accurately select the heading period that is beneficial to the fertility safety of the two-line sterile lines and effectively avoids extreme high temperatures. At the same time, based on the unique reproductive characteristics of the sterile line and the restoration line to be tested, the theoretical sowing period is accurately deduced, and the interval between the heading periods of the sterile line and the restoration line is deliberately controlled to be 5-7 days. In the prior art, it is often difficult to accurately consider the complex effects of climatic factors on the fertility of the sterile line, and there is a lack of accurate matching of the reproductive characteristics of the sterile line and the restoration line. The present invention realizes testing and matching under ideal climatic conditions through accurate adaptation of climate and reproductive characteristics, which not only effectively improves the success rate of hybrid rice testing and matching, but also ensures the safety of the testing and matching process. Therefore, it can solve the problems in the prior art that it is difficult to accurately consider the complex effects of climatic factors on the fertility of the sterile line, lack of accurate matching of the reproductive characteristics of the sterile line and the restoration line, resulting in a low success rate of hybrid rice testing and matching and difficulty in ensuring the safety of the testing and matching process.

[0050] 3. The present invention has established a rigorous and scientific mechanism for removing foreign plants and converted sterile lines throughout the entire cycle of seedling cultivation. From the seedling stage to the spikelet differentiation stage, the foreign plants are accurately identified and removed based on subtle characteristics such as leaf color, plant type, leaf width, and the angle between the leaf and the stem; during the heading and flowering stage of the seedlings, the foreign plants are screened again based on significant characteristics such as heading stage, plant height and spike type. What is particularly critical is that within 12-18 days before the sterile line begins to head, when the temperature is lower than 23°C, the existing converted sterile lines can be removed in a timely and accurate manner, and two reliable options are provided for removing weeds: cutting them off at the ground or uprooting them. In the prior art, the measures to ensure the purity of the seedlings are often not comprehensive and accurate enough. The present invention achieves strict assurance of the purity of the seedlings through this full-cycle, multi-dimensional mechanism for removing weeds and converted sterile lines, which plays a decisive role in improving the quality and yield of hybrid rice. Therefore, it can solve the problem that the measures to ensure the purity of the seedlings in the prior art are not comprehensive and accurate enough, and the purity of the seedlings cannot be strictly guaranteed, thereby affecting the quality and yield of hybrid rice.

[0051] 4. The present invention adopts a set of sophisticated pollination control strategies during the key pollination stages of the heading and flowering period of the sterile line and the beginning and end flowering period of the restorer line. The artificial assisted pollination is carried out with bamboo poles at intervals of 0.5h / time, and the duration is as long as 7-12 days, ensuring the sufficiency and uniformity of pollination. At the same time, the daily pollination conditions, including the pollination time, number of times and weather conditions, are recorded in detail. The pollination process is recorded and regulated in a refined manner, and the precise control of the pollination process is achieved. Different from the extensive control of the pollination process in the prior art and the susceptibility to interference by external factors, the present invention greatly improves the success rate and stability of hybrid rice pollination, and thus can solve the problem of low pollination success rate and poor stability caused by the extensive control of the hybrid rice pollination process and the susceptibility to interference by external factors in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 It is the work flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Embodiment 1,

[0055] A method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency, the method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency is as follows:

[0056] S1. Check the meteorological data of the area where hybrid rice is to be planted for the past 20 years, and use the data analysis model to select August 15 as the heading date that is conducive to the safety of fertility of the two-line sterile line and avoids extreme high temperatures;

[0057] According to the growth characteristics of 132 materials of sterile and restorer lines, the sowing period is concentrated in 73-92 days, and the theoretical sowing period of sterile and restorer lines is from May 14 to June 1.

[0058] The sowing date was optimized based on the conditions that the sowing date of the restorer line was 2-4 days earlier than its theoretical sowing date, the interval between the initiation of heading of the sterile line and the restorer line was less than 7 days, and the materials with theoretical sowing dates 3-4 days apart could be sown at the same time. Four sowing dates were determined for the 132 materials, namely May 14, May 20, May 26 and June 1.

[0059] S2, sowing and raising seedlings of the tested sterile line and the restorer line respectively according to the sowing time determined in S1;

[0060] S3, when the seedlings grow to the 5-leaf stage, transplant them. The restorer line is planted in 1 row with a plant spacing of 33 cm, and each sterile line is planted in 2 holes with a hole spacing of 16.5 cm;

[0061] The distance between the sterile line, the restorer line and another sterile line was 33 cm, and the distance between different restorer lines was 80 cm;

[0062] Insert smart identification signs with QR codes, which can be scanned to obtain the sterile line and restorer line numbers, names and planting information;

[0063] S4. After the S3 seedlings turn green, pull up the odd number of restoration plants and plant them again, irrigate and activate the roots;

[0064] S5. When the S3 seedlings grow to the spikelet differentiation stage VI, the different restoration lines are isolated with isolation cloth, which is a non-woven fabric with a mesh diameter of no more than 0.1 mm and an isolation height of 3m;

[0065] S6. During the seedling cultivation process, remove the foreign plants and the converted sterile lines. During the seedling stage to the panicle differentiation stage, remove the foreign plants according to the leaf color, plant type, leaf width and the angle between the leaf and the stem. During the heading and flowering stage of the seedlings, remove the foreign plants according to the heading stage, plant height and panicle type. Within 15 days before the sterile lines begin to head, when the temperature is below 23°C, remove the existing converted sterile lines.

[0066] To remove weeds, uproot them;

[0067] S7, when more than 70% of the sterile lines in S3 have reached 8% heading, apply 2g of gibberellin with an active ingredient content of 3% per mu for 4 consecutive days;

[0068] The spraying time is in the morning when the weather is sunny and the air humidity is 50%;

[0069] S8, when the sterile line in S3 reaches the heading and flowering stage, and the restorer line reaches the beginning and end of flowering stage, pollination is carried out every day after flowering, with artificial assisted pollination using bamboo poles at an interval of 0.5 h / time, for 11 days, and the daily pollination situation, including pollination time, number and weather conditions, is recorded;

[0070] S9. When more than 80% of the sterile line seeds in S3 are yellow and ripe, each sterile line is harvested, dried in the sun, and tested and matched. The dried seeds are then subjected to quality testing, including germination rate, purity, moisture content, thousand-grain weight, and vitality testing.

[0071] Embodiment 2:

[0072] A method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency, the method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency is as follows:

[0073] S1. Check the meteorological data of the area where hybrid rice is to be planted for the past 20 years, and use the data analysis model to select August 10 as the heading date that is conducive to the safety of fertility of the two-line sterile line and avoids extreme high temperatures;

[0074] According to the growth characteristics of 132 materials of sterile and restorer lines, the sowing period is concentrated in 70-95 days, and the theoretical sowing period of sterile and restorer lines is from May 5 to June 1.

[0075] The sowing date was optimized based on the conditions that the sowing date of the restorer line was 2-4 days earlier than its theoretical sowing date, the interval between the initiation of heading of the sterile line and the restorer line was less than 7 days, and the materials with theoretical sowing dates 3-4 days apart could be sown at the same time. Three sowing dates were determined for the 132 materials, namely May 5, May 15 and June 1.

[0076] S2, sowing and raising seedlings of the tested sterile line and the restorer line respectively according to the sowing time determined in S1;

[0077] S3, when the seedlings grow to the 4-leaf stage, transplant them. The restorer line is planted in 1 row with a plant spacing of 32 cm, and each sterile line is planted in 2 holes with a hole spacing of 16 cm;

[0078] The spacing between the sterile line, the restorer line and another sterile line was 32 cm, and the spacing between different restorer lines was 75 cm;

[0079] Insert smart identification signs with QR codes, which can be scanned to obtain the sterile line and restorer line numbers, names and planting information;

[0080] S4. After the S3 seedlings turn green, pull up the odd number of restoration plants and plant them again, irrigate and activate the roots;

[0081] S5. When the S3 seedlings grow to the spikelet differentiation stage VI, the different restorer lines are isolated with isolation cloth, which is a non-woven fabric with a mesh diameter of no more than 0.1 mm and an isolation height of 2.8 m;

[0082] S6. During the seedling cultivation process, remove the foreign plants and the converted sterile lines. During the seedling stage to the panicle differentiation stage, remove the foreign plants according to the leaf color, plant type, leaf width and the angle between the leaf and the stem. During the heading and flowering stage of the seedlings, remove the foreign plants according to the heading stage, plant height and panicle type. Within 15 days before the sterile lines begin to head, when the temperature is below 23°C, remove the existing converted sterile lines.

[0083] To remove weeds, uproot them;

[0084] S7, when more than 70% of the sterile lines in S3 have reached heading 6%, apply 1.8g of gibberellin with an effective ingredient content of 3% per mu for 3 consecutive days;

[0085] The spraying time is in the morning when the weather is sunny and the air humidity is 40%;

[0086] S8, when the sterile line in S3 reaches the heading and flowering stage, and the restorer line reaches the beginning and end of flowering stage, pollination is carried out every day after flowering, with artificial assisted pollination using bamboo poles at intervals of 0.5 h / time, for 9 days, and the daily pollination situation, including pollination time, number and weather conditions, is recorded;

[0087] S9. When more than 80% of the sterile line seeds in S3 are yellow and ripe, each sterile line is harvested, dried in the sun, and tested and matched. The dried seeds are then subjected to quality testing, including germination rate, purity, moisture content, thousand-grain weight, and vitality testing.

[0088] Embodiment 3,

[0089] A method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency, the method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency is as follows:

[0090] S1. Check the meteorological data of the area where hybrid rice is to be planted for the past 20 years, and use the data analysis model to select August 20 as the heading date that is conducive to the safety of fertility of the two-line sterile line and avoids extreme high temperatures;

[0091] According to the growth characteristics of 132 materials of sterile and restorer lines, the sowing period is concentrated in 70-90 days, and the theoretical sowing period of sterile and restorer lines is from May 20 to June 10.

[0092] The sowing date was optimized based on the conditions that the sowing date of the restorer line was 2-4 days earlier than its theoretical sowing date, the interval between the initiation of heading of the sterile line and the restorer line was less than 7 days, and the materials with theoretical sowing dates 3-4 days apart could be sown at the same time. Three sowing dates were determined for the 132 materials, namely May 20, May 27 and June 10.

[0093] S2, sowing and raising seedlings of the tested sterile line and the restorer line respectively according to the sowing time determined in S1;

[0094] S3, when the seedlings grow to the 6-leaf stage, transplant them. The restorer line is planted in 1 row with a plant spacing of 34 cm, and each sterile line is planted in 2 holes with a hole spacing of 17 cm;

[0095] The spacing between the sterile line, the restorer line and another sterile line was 34 cm, and the spacing between different restorer lines was 85 cm;

[0096] Insert smart identification signs with QR codes, which can be scanned to obtain the sterile line and restorer line numbers, names and planting information;

[0097] S4. After the S3 seedlings turn green, pull up the odd number of restoration plants and plant them again, irrigate and activate the roots;

[0098] S5. When the S3 seedlings grow to the spikelet differentiation stage VI, the different restoration lines are isolated with isolation cloth, which is a non-woven fabric with a mesh diameter of no more than 0.1 mm and an isolation height of 3.2 m;

[0099] S6. During the seedling cultivation process, remove the foreign plants and the converted sterile lines. During the seedling stage to the panicle differentiation stage, remove the foreign plants according to the leaf color, plant type, leaf width and the angle between the leaf and the stem. During the heading and flowering stage of the seedlings, remove the foreign plants according to the heading stage, plant height and panicle type. Within 15 days before the sterile lines begin to head, when the temperature is below 23°C, remove the existing converted sterile lines.

[0100] To remove weeds, uproot them;

[0101] S7, when more than 70% of the sterile lines in S3 have reached 12% heading, apply 2.2g of gibberellin with an effective ingredient content of 3% per mu for 5 consecutive days;

[0102] The spraying time is in the morning when the weather is sunny and the air humidity is 60%;

[0103] S8, when the sterile line in S3 reaches the heading and flowering stage, and the restorer line reaches the beginning and end of flowering stage, pollination is carried out every day after flowering, with artificial assisted pollination using bamboo poles at an interval of 0.5 h / time, for 13 days, and the daily pollination situation, including pollination time, number and weather conditions, is recorded;

[0104] S9. When more than 80% of the sterile line seeds in S3 are yellow and ripe, each sterile line is harvested, dried in the sun, and tested and matched. The dried seeds are then subjected to quality testing, including germination rate, purity, moisture content, thousand-grain weight, and vitality testing.

[0105] Embodiment 4:

[0106] The control group was set up, and the method for testing the male sterile line artificially cut glumes hybrid rice was as follows:

[0107] S1, sowing and raising seedlings of the tested sterile lines and the restorer lines in stages, specifically, the sterile lines are divided into 2 stages, the restorer lines are divided into 1 stage, and the first stage sterile lines are sown at the same time;

[0108] S2, when the S1 seedlings grow to the 3-leaf stage, they are transplanted and a sign is inserted to indicate the number and name of the sterile line and the restorer line;

[0109] S3, when the S2 seedlings grow to the initial heading stage, before or after the sterile line and the restorer line bloom, select the sterile line rice ears that are about to bloom and are free of pests and diseases, cut off some of the sword leaves and the bloomed or too young spikelets, and then cut off 1 / 2 of the remaining spikelet husks, put them in hybridization bags, and mark the date, sterile line number or name, restorer line number and name on the bags;

[0110] S4. At noon, before the restoration line blooms or a few lemmas begin to bloom, cut off the selected restoration line spikes, cut off the spikes that have bloomed, wet the remaining spikes with water, then spin dry and put them on the sterile spikes in the hybridization bag, and seal the paper bag;

[0111] About half an hour later, when the recovery spikes are blooming in large numbers, shake the recovery spikes to make the pollen fall on the stigma of the sterile spikes to achieve the purpose of pollination.

[0112] S5. Spray carbendazim or thiamethoxam every 5 days;

[0113] S6. When more than 80% of the sterile line grains are mature, each hybrid bag is harvested, dried, threshed, and the test is completed.

[0114] Embodiment 5,

[0115] Using Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 and Control Example 4, 86 restorer lines and 46 sterile lines were tested against each other in 2022-2024, and the results were as follows:

[0116]

[0117] Compared with the control group embodiment 4, the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 have obvious advantages. First, in the traditional control group embodiment 4, the sterile line needs to be sown in 2 phases, and during the operation, the sterile rice ears need to be processed in a complicated manner. At the initial ear stage, the sterile rice ears that are about to bloom and free of pests and diseases should be carefully selected, and some of the sword leaves and the lemmas that have bloomed or are too young should be cut off, and then 1 / 2 of the remaining lemma shells should be cut off, and then the hybridization bag should be put on, and the date, sterile line number or name, restorer line number and name and other information should be noted in detail. For the restorer line, before the full bloom at noon or when a few lemmas begin to bloom, the pre-selected ears need to be cut off, the part that has bloomed should be cut off, the remaining ears should be wetted with water and then dried, and put on the sterile ear with the hybridization bag and the paper bag mouth should be sealed. The restorer ear needs to be shaken for pollination in about half an hour. The whole process involves a large amount of manual operation, and the steps are cumbersome and prone to error.

[0118] In contrast, in Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3, the sterile lines and the recovery lines are laid out at one time during the transplanting stage, and smart identification signs with QR codes are inserted. Researchers can quickly obtain the sterile line and recovery line numbers, names and planting information through simple scanning, which greatly improves the convenience and accuracy of information management. After the rice blooms naturally, only artificial assisted pollination operations are required at intervals of 0.5h / time and lasting 7-12 days to complete the matching work.

[0119] What is particularly outstanding is that one restorer line can be used to match 46 different sterile lines at one time. Taking the matching of 86 restorer lines and 46 sterile lines as an example, in the embodiment, the number of sowing and transplanting materials is 132, the number of sowing times is 3 or 4, the number of trimmed ear of the sterile line and the number of ears taken of the restorer line are both 0, the number of hybridization bags is only 3956, and the number of manpower required is about 100; while the number of sowing and transplanting materials in the control group is also 132, but the number of sowing times is 2, the number of trimmed ear of the sterile line is as high as 23736 ears, the number of ears taken of the restorer line is 23736 ears, the number of hybridization bags is 11868, and the number of manpower required is nearly 500. By simplifying the process, the manpower input is greatly reduced, the work efficiency of hybrid rice matching is significantly improved, and the labor of scientific and technological personnel is effectively liberated.

[0120] Secondly, the pollination process of Example 4 of the control group is greatly affected by the weather. Since the pollination time is relatively fixed, if it encounters rainy days, the spread of pollen will be seriously hindered, which is very likely to lead to pollination failure and further measurement failure.

[0121] However, when Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 are tested and matched in the same microclimate environment, the sterile line and the restorer line have synchronized flowering periods. On rainy days, their flowering times will be delayed or they will not bloom, effectively avoiding the problem of test cross failure due to the inability to pollinate in rainy weather. This synchronized flowering period regulation mechanism makes Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 more adaptable when facing complex and changeable weather conditions, greatly improving the success rate and stability of hybrid rice test and matching.

[0122] Furthermore, in the fourth embodiment of the control group, many human interventions were performed on the sterile rice ears, such as trimming the lemma, which destroyed the natural state of the rice ears to a certain extent, increased the risk of seed mildew, and ultimately resulted in a seed germination rate of only 41%.

[0123] In Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3, no treatment was performed on the sterile rice ears and husks to destroy their natural state, and the rice ears were fully bloomed, pollinated and matured in a natural state. From the seed quality detection data, the seed germination rates of Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 reached 86%, 85% and 87% respectively, the seed purity was between 98.5% and 98.8%, the seed moisture content was between 13.3% and 13.7%, the thousand-grain weight was 21.8-22.7g, and the seed vigor (expressed as the dehydrogenase activity measured by the TTC method) was between 1480-1520 μg TF / g·h. In comparison, not only the problems of seed mildew and reduced germination rate were effectively solved, but also the seed purity, moisture content, thousand-grain weight and seed vigor and other aspects performed well, and the seed quality was comprehensively improved.

[0124] Finally, the first, second and third embodiments are tested and matched under ideal climatic conditions through precise climate and growth characteristic adaptation, and a rigorous and scientific mechanism for removing foreign plants and converted sterile lines is established throughout the entire period of seedling cultivation. From the seedling stage to the panicle differentiation stage, foreign plants are accurately identified and removed based on subtle features such as leaf color, plant type, leaf width and the angle between the leaf and the stem; during the heading and flowering stage of the seedlings, foreign plants are screened again based on significant features such as heading stage, plant height and panicle type, especially within 12-18 days before the sterile line begins to head, when the temperature is below 23°C, the existing converted sterile lines can be removed in a timely and accurate manner. These measures ensure the high purity of the seedlings and lay a solid foundation for breeding high-quality hybrid rice combinations.

[0125] In the actual matching process, Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 greatly improved the breeding efficiency of hybrid rice. Compared with the control group, Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 were able to breed more hybrid rice combinations with obvious advantages with the same time and resource investment. This has an important role in promoting the country's comprehensive improvement of rice yield and guarantee of food security, helps to accelerate the renewal of rice varieties and provide stronger variety support for agricultural production.

[0126] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency, characterized in that: The methods to improve the efficiency of hybrid rice matching are as follows: S1. Review historical meteorological data, use data analysis models to select the heading period that is conducive to the safety of fertility of the two-line sterile line and avoids extreme high temperatures, and reverse the theoretical sowing period based on the reproductive characteristics of the sterile line and the restorer line to determine the appropriate sowing period; S2, sowing and raising seedlings of the tested sterile line and the restorer line respectively according to the sowing time determined in S1; S3, when the seedlings in S2 grow to the 4-6 leaf stage, transplant them according to the specifications. Materials with a sowing period of no more than 5 days apart can be transplanted together, and a smart identification plate with a QR code is inserted. After scanning, the sterile line and restorer line number, name and planting information can be obtained; S4: After the S3 seedlings turn green, pull up the odd-numbered restoration plants and plant them again; S5, when the S3 seedlings grow to the panicle differentiation stage VI, the different restoration lines are isolated with isolation cloth; S6, during the whole process, remove foreign plants and sterile lines that have been transferred; S7, when more than 70% of the sterile lines in S3 have reached 5%-12% heading, spray gibberellin; S8, wait until the sterile line in S3 reaches the heading and flowering stage, and the restorer line starts to bloom and ends the flowering stage, and pollinate after flowering every day; S9. When more than 80% of the sterile line grains in S3 are yellow and ripe, each sterile line is harvested individually, dried in the sun, and the matching is completed.

2. A method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the following is also included: S11. Historical meteorological data include meteorological data of the area where the measurement is carried out for the past twenty years; S12, the sowing date of the restoration line is 2-4 days earlier than its theoretical sowing date; S13, the interval between the sterile line and the restorer line in the initiation of heading is less than 7 days; S14. Materials with theoretical sowing periods 2-4 days apart can be sown at the same time.

3. A method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the specifications include the following: S31, restoration line planted in 1 row, with a spacing of 30-35cm; S32, each sterile line was planted in 2 holes, with a hole distance of 15-18 cm; The spacing between S33, the sterile line and the restorer line, and the other sterile line was 30-35 cm; S34, the interval between different restoration lines is 75-85cm.

4. The method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, it also includes the following: S41. Pull up an odd number of recovery plants and replant them, then water the living plants.

5. The method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the following are also included: S51, the isolation cloth is a non-woven fabric with a mesh diameter not greater than 0.1 mm; S52. The isolation height shall not be less than 2.5m.

6. The method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, it also includes the following: S61. From the seedling stage to the panicle differentiation stage, remove foreign plants according to leaf color, plant type, leaf width, and the angle between the leaf and the stem; S62. During heading and flowering, remove foreign plants according to heading period, plant height and ear type; S63, 12-18 days before the sterile line starts to ear, when the temperature is lower than 23°C, remove the existing sterile lines; S64. Removal of weeds is either cutting them down to the ground or uprooting them.

7. The method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S7, it also includes the following: S71, apply 1.5-2.5g of gibberellin with an active ingredient content of 3% per mu, and spray continuously for 3-5 days; S72. The best time to spray gibberellins is in the morning when the weather is sunny and the air humidity is 40%-60%.

8. The method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S8, it also includes the following: S81, artificial pollination with bamboo poles at intervals of 0.5 h / time, lasting for 7-12 days; S82. Record the daily pollination situation, including pollination time, number of times and weather conditions.

9. The method for improving hybrid rice matching efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S9, it also includes the following: S91. Carry out quality inspection on the sun-dried seeds, including germination rate, purity, moisture content, thousand-grain weight and vitality tests.

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