Biological fermentation feed for improving early-stage growth performance of meat ducks

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological fermentation feed for improving the early-stage growth performance of meat ducks, and the preparation method of the biological fermentation feed comprises the following steps: step 1, carrying out expanding culture on a compound fermentation strain in a liquid culture medium to obtain a liquid culture solution, the compound fermentation strain comprising saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis; step 2, inoculating the liquid culture solution into a solid culture medium, and performing solid anaerobic fermentation on the inoculated solid culture medium to obtain a culture; step 3, mixing the culture with a core small material to obtain a mixture; the biological fermentation feed is prepared by performing liquid and solid culture on the self-contained compound fermentation strain, the total viable count of the obtained fermentation raw material is not less than 1 * 10 < 9 > cfu / g, and the prepared biological fermentation feed has the effects of improving the intestinal health condition of 0-3-week-old commercial generation Huai government meat ducks, improving the growth performance, improving the survival rate of meat ducks, improving the survival rate of meat ducks, improving the survival rate of meat ducks, and improving the survival rate of meat ducks. The death and culling rate is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed production, and in particular to a biological fermentation feed for improving the early growth performance of meat ducks. Background Art

[0002] The digestive system of 0-3 week old ducks is not fully developed, and their digestion and absorption capacity is weak, which makes them prone to intestinal health problems, resulting in a lower growth rate and a higher mortality rate. After the ban on antibiotics in feed, the research and application of bio-fermented feed to improve intestinal health has received more and more attention. The fermentation process can promote the production of a large number of beneficial microorganisms and their metabolites, which can not only maintain the intestinal health of animals and improve immunity, but also significantly improve the conversion rate of feed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a bio-fermented feed to improve the growth performance of 0-3 week old meat ducks. The feed obtained by bio-fermentation with free bacteria has the characteristics of balanced nutrition, high feed conversion rate, improved intestinal health and reduced mortality rate of meat ducks.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A method for preparing a biological fermentation feed for improving the early growth performance of meat ducks, comprising the following preparation steps: Step 1: culture the composite fermentation strain in a liquid culture medium to obtain a liquid culture solution; the composite fermentation strain includes yeast and Bacillus subtilis, and the weight ratio of the yeast to the Bacillus subtilis is 1: (1-4); the yeast strain is Rhodotorula mucilaginosa RM18, and the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa RM18 is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection at No. 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, and the preservation unit code is CCTCC; the preservation date is April 14, 2023; the preservation number: CCTCC NO: M2023534; the classification name: Rhodotorula mucilaginosa RM18; The strain of Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis XBS, which is deposited in China Center for Type Culture Collection at No. 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, with a deposit code of CCTCC; a deposit date of April 14, 2023; a deposit number of CCTCC NO: M2023535, and a classification name of Bacillus subtilis XBS; Step 2: inoculating the liquid culture solution into a solid culture medium, and performing solid anaerobic fermentation on the inoculated solid culture medium to obtain a culture; Step 3: mixing the culture with the core material to obtain a mixed material; Step 4: granulating the mixture to obtain bio-fermented feed.

[0005] Preferably, the live bacteria content of the yeast and Bacillus subtilis is greater than 1×109 cfu / g.

[0006] Preferably, the raw materials of the liquid culture medium are composed by weight percentage of: 85-95% water, 2.5-3.5% glucose, and 3-5% bacterial strains.

[0007] Preferably, the culture temperature of the liquid culture medium is 25-37° C., the culture time is 30 min, and the pH of the liquid culture medium is maintained at 7.0-8.0.

[0008] Preferably, the raw materials of the solid culture medium are composed by weight percentage: 45-55% corn, 15-25% wheat, 3-6% soybean meal, 8-12% corn DDGS, 3-6% corn germ meal, 2-6% white wine grains, 1.5-3.5% corn gluten meal, and 2-5% hydrolyzed feather meal.

[0009] Preferably, the granulation includes a steam modulation process, the steam pressure of the steam modulation is 0.2-0.4Mpa, and the modulation temperature is not less than 80°C.

[0010] Preferably, the ring die used for granulation has a length-to-diameter ratio of 16:1 and a hole diameter of 3.5 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the length of the feed is 5-9 mm.

[0012] The present invention also proposes a method for preparing the above-mentioned biological fermentation feed, comprising the following steps: (1) Liquid fermentation culture: heat water to 25-37° C., add the composite fermentation bacteria and glucose, stir thoroughly for 3 minutes, and then culture for 30 minutes to obtain a fermentation liquid; (2) Solid-state fermentation culture: corn, wheat, soybean meal, corn DDGS, corn germ meal, and white wine lees corn protein powder are crushed and sieved to obtain the raw materials of the solid culture medium, the aperture of the sieve is 2.5-3 mm, and the raw materials of the solid culture medium are mixed in proportion to obtain a solid culture medium; fermentation liquid is added to the solid culture medium at a ratio of 80-100 kg / ton, and after mixing, the solid culture medium is placed in a fermentation bag with a breathing valve for fermentation, and fermented at room temperature for 150-160 hours; (3) Preparation of biological fermentation feed: Mix 960 kg of fermented solid culture medium and 30-40 kg of core feed; (4) Steam modulation and granulation: The feed is granulated under a steam pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa and a modulation temperature of not less than 80°C. A ring die with a length-to-diameter ratio of 16:1 and a pore size of 3.5 mm is used for granulation.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the raw material of the biological fermentation feed is formed by liquid and solid culture of the composite fermentation strains. After two fermentations, the fermentation raw material improves the nutritional content of the raw material, and the macromolecular substances in the feed, such as cellulose, starch, protein, etc., are decomposed into small molecular monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, amino acids, etc., which are easier to be digested and absorbed by animals. Fermentation also produces a variety of beneficial metabolites, such as vitamins, organic acids, growth factors, antimicrobial peptides, etc., which increase the types of feed nutrients, and these substances can supplement the nutrition required by animals. The total acid of the fermentation raw material in the biological fermentation feed prepared by the present invention is not less than 5%, pH≤4.8, and the total number of viable bacteria is not less than 1×109cfu / g, which can effectively improve the intestinal health of 0-3 week-old commercial Huaifu meat ducks, improve growth performance, and reduce the mortality rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is a photo of the red yeast RM18 in the biological fermentation feed under a 100x optical microscope; Figure 2 This is a photo of Bacillus subtilis XBS in the bio-fermented feed under a 100x optical microscope; Figure 3 This is the antibacterial activity diagram of the supernatant of the biological fermented feed against Escherichia coli; Figure 4 The antibacterial activity of the supernatant of the biological fermented feed against Staphylococcus aureus; Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the average daily weight gain of ducks fed with the control group in Example 3 and the biological fermentation feed group in Example 1; Figure 6 A comparison chart of the feed-to-meat ratio of ducks in the control group in Example 3 and the biological fermentation feed group in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0016] Example 1 This embodiment provides a bio-fermented feed, and the preparation of the bio-fermented feed includes the following process: Step B1: includes liquid fermentation process.

[0017] Heat water to 37°C, add composite fermentation bacteria and glucose, and add raw material components according to the weight percentage of 95% water, 2% glucose and 3% bacteria to obtain a liquid culture medium. Among them, each 1kg of composite fermentation bacteria contains 0.2kg of Bacillus subtilis XBS and 0.8kg of Rhodotorula RM18. Fully stir the above liquid culture medium for no less than 3 minutes, and culture the liquid culture medium for 30 minutes at a temperature of 37°C and a pH of 7.0-7.5 to obtain a fermentation culture liquid.

[0018] Step B2: Prepare the raw materials of the solid culture medium, crush the raw materials and screen them using a sieve with a pore size of 2.5-3 mm, and after screening, mix them according to the weight percentage of 50% corn, 20% wheat, 5% soybean meal, 10% corn DDGS, 6% corn germ meal, 6% white wine lees, and 3% corn protein powder, and mix for 120 minutes to obtain a solid culture medium.

[0019] Add fermentation liquid to the solid culture medium at a ratio of 80-100 kg / ton. After the fermentation liquid and the solid culture medium are mixed for 120 seconds, put the mixture into a fermentation bag with a breathing valve and ferment at room temperature for 160 hours to complete the solid-state fermentation culture process.

[0020] Step B3: Prepare the raw materials of the core small material, according to the weight percentage of stone powder 30%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 20%, lysine hydrochloride 29.5%, DL-methionine 3.5%, threonine 5.5%, sodium chloride 7.5%, choline chloride 1.3%, phytase 0.8%, and complex enzyme preparation 0.5%, and mix for 120 minutes to obtain the core small material. Mix 960 kg of the fermented solid culture medium and 30-40 kg of the core small material in a mixer for 120 seconds to obtain the feed raw material.

[0021] Step B4: Before granulation, the feed raw material needs to be steam-modulated and then granulated. The steam pressure of the steam modulation in this embodiment is 0.2-0.4Mpa, and the modulation temperature is not less than 80°C. The modulated feed raw material is granulated with a ring die with a length-to-diameter ratio of 16:1 and a hole diameter of 3.5mm to obtain pellet feed. The optimal length of the pellet feed is 5-9mm.

[0022] Example 2 This example is used to measure the bio-fermented feed obtained in Example 1. The measurement process includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of sample dilution solution. Take 1 g of the prepared bio-fermented feed and weigh it in a sterile test tube with a capacity of 15 ml. Add 2 mL of sterile water to the sterile test tube and shake well. This is recorded as a 3-fold dilution solution.

[0023] Step C2: Preparation of test bacterial solution. Pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Staphylococcus aureus were selected and inoculated into fresh nutrient broth medium, and the broth medium was cultured in a 37°C incubator for 24 hours to prepare bacterial solution for use.

[0024] Step C3: Preparation of test plate. Take a 90 mm diameter culture plate, add plain agar (1.5% agarose), let it stand at room temperature until it solidifies, place the Oxford cup on the plate, and add an appropriate amount of LB agar to the plate. After it cools down, take 100 μL of 1×10 7 The test bacterial solution with a concentration of cfu / ml is spread evenly on the agar plate. After the surface of the plate is dry, the Oxford cup is gently taken out with tweezers, and a material slot for placing the diluent is formed on the culture plate.

[0025] Step C4: Preparation of test bacterial solution. Use a pipette to take 50 μL of the dilution solution into the material tank formed by the Oxford cup, and then place the culture plate in a 37°C constant temperature incubator for 24 h. Use a ruler to directly measure the longest and shortest diameters of the inhibition zone, and then take the average value as the diameter of the inhibition zone. Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 This is the antibacterial activity diagram of the supernatant of biological fermentation feed against Escherichia coli. Figure 4 The antibacterial activity of the supernatant of the bio-fermented feed against Staphylococcus aureus is shown in Table 1. The diameters of the inhibition zones of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are shown in Table 1. The conventional indicators are shown in Table 2.

[0026] Table 1 Results of determination of the diameter of the inhibition zone

[0027] Table 2 Conventional indicators

[0028] As shown in Table 1, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were cultured on a culture plate with physiological saline added, and the diameters of the inhibition zones of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 5 mm and 5 mm, respectively. E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were cultured on a culture plate with diluent added, and the diameters of the inhibition zones of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 9.06 mm and 10.15 mm, respectively. By comparison, it can be found that the diluent has an inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

[0029] Example 3 This example is used to test the effect of the bio-fermented feed obtained in Example 1 on the growth performance of 0-3 week old meat ducks.

[0030] This experiment adopted a completely randomized experimental design, and one-day-old ducks were randomly divided into two groups, with 8 replicates in each group and 10 ducks in each replicate. The experimental period was 21 days. The experimental design is shown in Table 3.

[0031] Table 3 Experimental design

[0032] The nutritional levels of the control group feed and the bio-fermented feed in Example 1 are shown in Table 4.

[0033] Table 4 Nutritional levels of the control group feed and the biological fermentation feed in Example 1

[0034] All ducks are raised on the ground under the same conditions and provided with sufficient drinking water. They are fed three times a day to ensure that the feed trough is constantly fed. The duck house is disinfected every three days.

[0035] The contents of the experiment are as follows.

[0036] (1) Body weight: weigh the birth weight and puncture number on the day of arrival. Weigh the ducks before feeding in the morning of the first day of 1, 2, and 3 weeks of age. Stop feeding 12 hours before weighing, but keep water. Record the group, age, and body weight of the ducks that died or were eliminated each week, and calculate the absolute growth rate.

[0037] (2) The method for measuring growth weight includes the following process: place the weighing frame on the electronic scale, after the electronic scale is reset to zero, place the duck in the frame, read the value after it stabilizes, and keep 2 digits after the decimal point. Absolute growth rate = (W1-W0) / T1-T. Among them, W0 is the starting weight, that is, the weight measured before the stage; W1 is the final weight, that is, the weight measured at the end of the stage; T0 is the measurement time before the stage, and T1 is the measurement time at the end of the stage.

[0038] The experimental data of this experiment were statistically analyzed using EXCEL, and the results were analyzed using the t-test. The t-test is a commonly used statistical method used to compare whether there is a significant difference between the means of two samples. The weight of the meat ducks in this experiment is shown in Table 5.

[0039] Table 5 Body weight of ducks in the control group and the biological fermentation feed group in Example 1

[0040] As shown in Table 5, there was no significant difference in the birth weight of the ducks fed with the control group and the biological fermentation feed in Example 1. After feeding with different feeds, the body weight of the ducks fed with the biological fermentation feed was significantly higher than that of the control group at 1-3 weeks of age.

[0041] In statistics and data analysis, when we compare observations from different groups or under different conditions, we often use significance tests to determine whether there are significant differences between these observations. In this embodiment, the t test is used for the data. The method of marking different letters in the same row is usually used to intuitively represent this significant difference in a chart or table. If two or more observations are marked with different letters, it means that according to the statistical significance test, there is a significant difference between these observations (p < 0.05). Different letters in the same row indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05), and the same letters indicate an insignificant difference (p > 0.05).

[0042] In Table 5, at 0-3 weeks of age, the letters marked on the control group and the biological fermentation feed group in Example 1 are different, that is, p < 0.05, indicating that the growth rate of the meat ducks fed with the biological fermentation feed group is significantly higher than that of the control group.

[0043] The absolute growth rate reflects the absolute rate of growth and development during the test period, usually expressed as average daily weight gain. Figure 5 The average daily weight gain of 0-3 week old meat ducks fed with bio-fermented feed was higher than that of the control group.

[0044] The survival rate was calculated based on the mortality of the two groups of ducks aged 0-3 weeks. The survival rate of the control group was 92.7%, and the survival rate of the bio-fermented feed group was 97.3%. The difference between the groups was significant (p < 0.05).

[0045] Feed-to-meat ratio refers to the amount of feed consumed by livestock and poultry to gain one kilogram of weight, and is an important indicator for evaluating feed efficiency. Figure 6 With the increase of age, the feed-to-meat ratio of the two groups showed an overall upward trend, while the feed-to-meat ratio of the fermented feed group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05).

[0046] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a biological fermentation feed for improving the early growth performance of meat ducks, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: Step 1: expanding and culturing the composite fermentation strain in a liquid culture medium to obtain a liquid culture solution; the composite fermentation strain includes yeast and Bacillus subtilis, and the weight ratio of the yeast to the Bacillus subtilis is 1:(1-4); the strain of the yeast is Rhodotorula glutinosus RM18, which is deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M2023534, and the strain of the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis XBS, which is deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M2023535; Step 2: inoculating the liquid culture solution into a solid culture medium, and performing solid anaerobic fermentation on the inoculated solid culture medium to obtain a culture; Step 3: mixing the culture with the core material to obtain a mixed material; Step 4: granulating the mixture to obtain bio-fermented feed.

2. The biological fermentation feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The live bacteria content of the yeast and Bacillus subtilis is not less than 1×10 9 cfu / g.

3. The biological fermentation feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of the liquid culture medium are composed of 85-95% water, 2.5-3.5% glucose and 3-5% bacterial strains by weight percentage.

4. The biological fermentation feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The culture temperature of the liquid culture medium is 25-37° C., the culture time is 30 min, and the pH of the liquid culture medium is maintained at 7.0-8.

0.

5. The biological fermentation feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The raw materials of the solid culture medium are composed by weight percentage: 45-55% corn, 15-25% wheat, 3-6% soybean meal, 8-12% corn DDGS, 3-6% corn germ meal, 2-6% white wine lees, 1.5-3.5% corn protein powder and 2-5% hydrolyzed feather powder.

6. The biological fermentation feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The granulation includes a steam modulation process, the steam pressure of the steam modulation is 0.2-0.4Mpa, and the modulation temperature is not less than 80°C.

7. The biological fermentation feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ring die used in the granulation process has a length-to-diameter ratio of 16:1 and a hole diameter of 3.5 mm.

8. The biological fermentation feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The length of the feed is 5-9 mm.

9. A method for preparing the bio-fermented feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Liquid fermentation culture: heat water to 25-37° C., add the composite fermentation bacteria and glucose, stir thoroughly for 3 minutes, and then culture for 30 minutes to obtain a fermentation solution; (2) solid-state fermentation culture: corn, wheat, soybean meal, corn DDGS, corn germ meal, and white wine lees corn protein powder are crushed and sieved to obtain raw materials for solid culture medium, the aperture of the sieve is 2.5-3 mm, and the raw materials for solid culture medium are mixed in proportion to obtain solid culture medium; fermentation liquid is added to the solid culture medium at a ratio of 80-100 kg / ton, and after mixing, the solid culture medium is placed in a fermentation bag with a breathing valve for fermentation, and fermented at room temperature for 150-160 hours; (3) Preparation of biological fermentation feed: Mix 960 kg of fermented solid culture medium and 30-40 kg of core small material; (4) Steam modulation and granulation: The feed is granulated under a steam pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa and a modulation temperature of not less than 80°C. A ring die with a length-to-diameter ratio of 16:1 and a pore size of 3.5 mm is used for granulation.

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