Multifunctional full-time forage grass and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock feed, in particular to multifunctional full-time forage grass and a preparation method thereof. The feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60%-75% of crude fibers, 3%-8% of crude fat, 15%-25% of corn byproducts and 0.5%-2% of salt. The ripening degree of the forage grass is 65%-75%, the particle density is 0.8-1.2 g / cm < 3 >, the particle size is 3-8 mm, and the forage grass does not contain chemical additives; the forage grass is prepared through the processes of raw material pretreatment, dust discharge, crushing, mixing, high-temperature gradient extrusion, granulation forming and post-treatment. According to the novel forage grass and the preparation method thereof, on the premise of no chemical addition, through raw material deep treatment, a gradient curing process and function strengthening design, the fiber utilization rate is remarkably increased, the breeding cost is reduced, the product shelf life is prolonged, and the market blank is filled up.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry feed, and in particular to a multifunctional full-day forage grass and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of animal husbandry and breeding industry, feed, as the core carrier of animal nutrition supply, its cost, safety and nutritional value have become the focus of industry attention.

[0003] Traditional forage and compound feeds generally have the following problems: (1) High cost and waste of resources: Existing feeds mostly rely on a single raw material (such as soybean meal, fish meal) or a high proportion of concentrated feed, resulting in large fluctuations in raw material prices and high breeding costs; in addition, crude fiber raw materials (such as straw and alfalfa) are often directly discarded or simply treated due to the high crystallinity and low digestibility of cellulose, resulting in insufficient resource utilization. (2) Dependence on chemical additives: In order to improve palatability and shelf life, most feeds need to be added with preservatives, attractants and other chemical substances. Long-term use may cause animal metabolic burden and food safety risks. (3) Insufficient storage stability: Forage pellets are prone to moisture absorption and mildew, and nutrient loss is serious. Especially in high temperature and high humidity environments, the shelf life is greatly shortened, affecting large-scale application. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a new type of forage and a preparation method thereof, which can significantly improve fiber utilization, reduce breeding costs, and extend product shelf life through deep processing of raw materials, gradient maturation process and function enhancement design without chemical additives, thus filling the market gap.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multifunctional full-day forage grass, which is composed of the following components in the following mass proportions: crude fiber accounts for 60%-75%, crude fat accounts for 3%-8%, corn by-products account for 15%-25%, and salt accounts for 0.5%-2%;

[0006] The maturity of the forage is 65%-75%, and the particle density is 0.8-1.2g / cm 3 , particle size is 3-8mm, and does not contain chemical additives;

[0007] The forage grass is prepared through a process including raw material pretreatment, dust removal, crushing, mixing, high temperature gradient extrusion, granulation molding and post-treatment.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the crude fiber includes at least one of alfalfa, straw, silage, and leguminous plant fibers, and the fiber length is controlled to be 0.5-2 mm after pretreatment, the crushing particle size is 80-120 mesh, and the cellulose crystallinity is ≤15%.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the corn by-product is at least one of corn germ meal, corn gluten meal and corn DDGS, and its protein content is ≥18% and its moisture content is ≤12%.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the forage is suitable for herbivorous animals, including cattle, sheep, horses, donkeys, geese, sika deer, and ostriches.

[0011] A method for preparing a multifunctional full-day forage grass comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1, raw material pretreatment: steam explosion treatment of crude fiber raw materials at a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa for 3-5 minutes to reduce cellulose crystallinity;

[0013] S2, dust removal: cyclone separation and electrostatic adsorption are used for dual dust removal, and the dust removal rate is ≥95%;

[0014] S3, crushing: crushing the pretreated crude fiber and corn by-products into 80-120 meshes respectively;

[0015] S4, mixing: adding crude fat and salt in proportion, mixing with a three-dimensional motion mixer, with a mixing uniformity CV value ≤ 5%;

[0016] S5, high temperature gradient extrusion: temperature and pressure are controlled in two stages to achieve pre-softening and final ripening;

[0017] S6, granulation: using a ring die granulator, die hole compression ratio 1:8-1:12, granulation temperature ≤ 60 ° C, granulation rate ≥ 90%;

[0018] S7, post-processing: After the particles are cooled to room temperature, they are sprayed with a water-resistant film layer and a nutrient enhancer, and then vacuum-packed.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, in the steam explosion treatment of S1, the moisture content of the raw material is controlled at 15%-20%, and the fiber breaking strength after explosion is reduced to 30%-50% of the original value.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the high temperature gradient extrusion process of S5 is divided into two stages: the first stage: temperature 80-100°C, pressure 3-5MPa, time 10-15 seconds, pre-softening; the second stage: temperature 130-160°C, pressure 8-12MPa, time 20-40 seconds, to complete the ripening and form a porous structure, the ripening degree is 65%-75%.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the porosity of the porous structure is 20%-30%, the pore size distribution is 50-200 μm, and the specific surface area is ≥5m 2 / g to enhance the contact efficiency of digestive enzymes.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, in the post-treatment of S7, the water-resistant film layer is edible starch or plant gum, the spraying thickness is 10-50 μm, and the water resistance is ≥30 minutes to prevent nutrient loss during storage; the nutritional enhancer is complex vitamins, probiotics, and organic trace elements, the spraying amount is 0.1%-1% of the total mass of the particles, and it is dried and fixed by a fluidized bed, and the survival rate is ≥85%.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention forms a porous structure (porosity 20%-30%, specific surface area ≥5m) by steam explosion pretreatment (cellulose crystallinity ≤15%) combined with high temperature gradient extrusion. 2 / g), greatly increasing the contact efficiency between digestive enzymes and fiber; verified by animal experiments, the apparent digestibility of crude fiber is ≥85%, the metabolic energy utilization rate is increased by 18%-25%, and the undigested residue in feces is reduced by 30%-40%, effectively promoting animal weight gain and health status.

[0024] (2) The present invention adopts a synergistic formula of corn by-products (protein ≥ 18%) and crude fiber (such as straw, alfalfa) to replace traditional high-priced raw materials (such as soybean meal), reducing the raw material cost by 20%-30%; at the same time, the steam explosion and gradient extrusion process increases the utilization rate of waste fiber to more than 90%, reducing resource waste.

[0025] (3) The water-resistant film layer of the present invention (spraying thickness 10-50 μm, water resistance ≥ 30 minutes) is combined with vacuum packaging technology to extend the shelf life of the product to more than 12 months in a high temperature and high humidity environment, and the nutrient loss rate is less than 5%. In addition, there are no chemical additives (preservatives, adhesives, etc.) throughout the process, avoiding the metabolic burden on animals and food safety risks, which is in line with the trend of green breeding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0027] The present invention provides a multifunctional full-day forage grass, which is composed of the following components in the following mass proportions: crude fiber accounts for 60%-75%, crude fat accounts for 3%-8%, corn by-products account for 15%-25%, and salt accounts for 0.5%-2%;

[0028] The crude fiber includes at least one of alfalfa, straw, silage, and leguminous plant fiber, and the fiber length is controlled to be 0.5-2 mm after pretreatment, the crushing particle size is 80-120 mesh, and the cellulose crystallinity is ≤15%; the corn by-product is at least one of corn germ meal, corn gluten meal, and corn DDGS, and the protein content is ≥18% and the moisture content is ≤12%;

[0029] The maturity of the forage is 65%-75%, and the particle density is 0.8-1.2g / cm 3 , the particle size is 3-8mm, and it does not contain chemical additives. The forage is suitable for herbivorous animals, including cattle, sheep, horses, donkeys, geese, sika deer, and ostriches;

[0030] The forage is prepared through a process including raw material pretreatment, dust removal, crushing, mixing, high-temperature gradient extrusion, granulation and post-treatment.

[0031] A method for preparing a multifunctional full-day forage grass comprises the following steps:

[0032] S1, raw material pretreatment: steam explosion treatment is performed on the crude fiber raw material at a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa for 3-5 minutes to reduce the cellulose crystallinity. The moisture content of the raw material is controlled at 15%-20%. After the explosion, the fiber breaking strength is reduced to 30%-50% of the original value;

[0033] S2, dust removal: cyclone separation and electrostatic adsorption are used for dual dust removal, and the dust removal rate is ≥95%;

[0034] S3, crushing: crushing the pretreated crude fiber and corn by-products into 80-120 meshes respectively;

[0035] S4, mixing: adding crude fat and salt in proportion, mixing with a three-dimensional motion mixer, with a mixing uniformity CV value ≤ 5%;

[0036] S5, high temperature gradient extrusion: control the temperature and pressure in two stages to achieve pre-softening and final ripening, (1) the first stage: temperature 80-100 ° C, pressure 3-5 MPa, time 10-15 seconds, pre-softening; (2) the second stage: temperature 130-160 ° C, pressure 8-12 MPa, time 20-40 seconds, complete the ripening and form a porous structure, the ripening degree is 65%-75%, the porosity of the porous structure is 20%-30%, the pore size distribution is 50-200 μm, and the specific surface area is ≥5m 2 / g to enhance the contact efficiency of digestive enzymes;

[0037] S6, granulation: using a ring die granulator, die hole compression ratio 1:8-1:12, granulation temperature ≤ 60 ° C, granulation rate ≥ 90%;

[0038] S7, post-processing: After the particles are cooled to room temperature, they are sprayed with a water-resistant film layer and a nutritional enhancer, and then vacuum-packed. The water-resistant film layer is made of edible starch or vegetable gum, with a spraying thickness of 10-50 μm and a water resistance of ≥30 minutes to prevent nutrient loss during storage. The nutritional enhancer is a complex vitamin, probiotics, or organic trace elements, with a spraying amount of 0.1%-1% of the total mass of the particles, and is dried and fixed in a fluidized bed, with a survival rate of ≥85%.

[0039] Example:

[0040] (I) Raw material ratio and selection

[0041] The multifunctional full-day forage prepared in this embodiment has the following compositions, measured by mass percentage: (1) crude fiber: 70% (mixed from alfalfa and wheat straw in a ratio of 1:1, with a fiber length of 0.8-1.5 mm after pretreatment and a cellulose crystallinity of ≤12%); (2) crude fat: 5% (derived from soybean oil); (3) corn by-products: 22% (corn DDGS, with a protein content of 20% and a moisture content of 10%); (4) salt: 1.0% (food grade sodium chloride).

[0042] (II) Preparation steps and processes

[0043] S1, raw material pretreatment: alfalfa and wheat straw mixed raw material (water content 18%) was put into steam explosion equipment, the pressure was set to 1.0 MPa, and the processing time was 4 minutes. After explosion, the fiber breaking strength was reduced to 40% of the original value, and the cellulose crystallinity was reduced from 35% to 11%.

[0044] S2, dust removal: cyclone separator and electrostatic adsorption device are used for dust removal, the dust removal rate reaches 97%, and the impurity content of raw materials is less than 0.3%.

[0045] S3, crushing: crush the pretreated crude fiber and corn DDGS into 100 meshes respectively by hammer mill, and the screening rate is ≥95%.

[0046] S4, mixing: adding soybean oil and salt according to the proportion, using a three-dimensional motion mixer to mix for 30 minutes, the CV value of the mixing uniformity is 3.8% (detected by near infrared spectroscopy).

[0047] S5, high temperature gradient extrusion: (1) The first stage of pre-softening: temperature 90 ° C, pressure 4 MPa, time 12 seconds, the material is initially softened; (2) The second stage of final ripening: temperature 150 ° C, pressure 10 MPa, time 30 seconds, forming a porous structure. The ripening degree is 72% (using differential scanning calorimetry DSC), the porosity is 25%, the pore size distribution is 80-180 μm, and the specific surface area is 6.2 m 2 / g.

[0048] S6, granulation: using a ring die granulator (die hole compression ratio 1:10), the granulation temperature was controlled at 55°C, the granulation rate was 93%, and the granule density was 1.0 g / cm 3 , particle size 5mm (detected by laser particle size analyzer).

[0049] S7, post-processing: (1) Water-resistant film spraying: using edible corn starch solution (concentration 8%), spraying thickness 30μm, water resistance test (immersion at 25℃) for 45 minutes without disintegration; (2) Nutritional enhancer spraying: complex vitamin B group (0.3%), Bacillus subtilis (0.2%), fixed by fluidized bed drying (temperature 40℃), probiotic survival rate 88%; (3) Vacuum packaging: using aluminum foil bag vacuum packaging, oxygen permeability <5cm 3 / (m 2 ·day).

[0050] (III) Product performance test

[0051] (1) Digestibility test: Six healthy adult beef cattle were selected for digestion test. After feeding the product of this embodiment for 30 days, the apparent digestibility of crude fiber reached 87%, the metabolic energy utilization rate increased by 22%, and the fecal residue decreased by 38%.

[0052] (2) Storage stability test: After storage for 12 months at a temperature of 35°C and a humidity of 85%, the particles showed no mildew and a nutrient loss rate of 4.2% (vitamin retention rate ≥ 90%, probiotic survival rate ≥ 80%).

[0053] (3) Cost comparison: Compared with traditional soybean meal-straw formula feed, raw material cost is reduced by 28% and feed consumption per unit weight gain is reduced by 15%.

[0054] (IV) Summary

[0055] This embodiment successfully prepared forage pellets with high maturity (72%) and high digestibility (87%) through precise raw material ratio, steam explosion pretreatment and gradient extrusion process, and the water-resistant film layer and vacuum packaging technology significantly extended the shelf life of the product. Test data show that the present invention has significant advantages in reducing costs, improving nutrient utilization and storage stability, and is suitable for large-scale animal husbandry.

[0056] In summary, the multifunctional full-time forage and preparation method thereof of the present invention not only solve the problems of high cost, low digestibility and poor storage stability of traditional forage, but also realize the efficient utilization of waste fiber resources through innovative process design, which is in line with the concept of green and sustainable agricultural development. The forage products of the present invention, with their high fiber utilization rate, no chemical additives and long-term storage stability, are expected to bring revolutionary changes to the animal husbandry industry, promote the healthy development of the breeding industry, and reduce the impact on the environment, which has important economic and social value. In the future, with the further promotion and application of this technology, it is expected to play a positive role in improving animal production efficiency, ensuring food safety and promoting agricultural circular economy.

[0057] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional full-day forage grass, characterized in that: It is composed of the following components in the following mass proportions: crude fiber accounts for 60%-75%, crude fat accounts for 3%-8%, corn by-products account for 15%-25%, and salt accounts for 0.5%-2%; The maturity of the forage is 65%-75%, and the particle density is 0.8-1.2g / cm 3 , particle size is 3-8mm, and does not contain chemical additives; The forage grass is prepared through a process including raw material pretreatment, dust removal, crushing, mixing, high temperature gradient extrusion, granulation molding and post-treatment.

2. A multifunctional full-day forage grass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crude fiber comprises at least one of alfalfa, straw, silage and leguminous plant fiber, and the fiber length is controlled to be 0.5-2 mm after pretreatment, the crushing particle size is 80-120 meshes, and the cellulose crystallinity is ≤15%.

3. The multifunctional full-day forage grass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corn by-product is at least one of corn germ meal, corn gluten meal and corn DDGS, and the protein content of the corn by-product is ≥18% and the moisture content is ≤12%.

4. The multifunctional full-day forage grass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forage is suitable for herbivorous animals, including cattle, sheep, horses, donkeys, geese, sika deer and ostriches.

5. A method for preparing a multifunctional full-day forage grass, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, raw material pretreatment: steam explosion treatment of crude fiber raw materials at a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa for 3-5 minutes to reduce cellulose crystallinity; S2, dust removal: cyclone separation and electrostatic adsorption are used for dual dust removal, and the dust removal rate is ≥95%; S3, crushing: crushing the pretreated crude fiber and corn by-products into 80-120 meshes respectively; S4, mixing: adding crude fat and salt in proportion, mixing with a three-dimensional motion mixer, with a mixing uniformity CV value ≤ 5%; S5, high temperature gradient extrusion: temperature and pressure are controlled in two stages to achieve pre-softening and final ripening; S6, granulation: using a ring die granulator, die hole compression ratio 1:8-1:12, granulation temperature ≤ 60 ° C, granulation rate ≥ 90%; S7, post-processing: After the particles are cooled to room temperature, they are sprayed with a water-resistant film layer and a nutrient enhancer, and then vacuum-packed.

6. The method for preparing a multifunctional full-day forage grass according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the steam explosion treatment of S1, the moisture content of the raw material is controlled at 15%-20%, and the fiber breaking strength after explosion is reduced to 30%-50% of the original value.

7. The method for preparing a multifunctional full-day forage grass according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high temperature gradient extrusion process of S5 is divided into two stages: The first stage: temperature 80-100℃, pressure 3-5MPa, time 10-15 seconds, pre-softening; The second stage: temperature 130-160°C, pressure 8-12MPa, time 20-40 seconds, complete the aging and form a porous structure, the aging degree is 65%-75%.

8. The method for preparing a multifunctional full-day forage grass according to claim 7, characterized in that: The porosity of the porous structure is 20%-30%, the pore size distribution is 50-200 μm, and the specific surface area is ≥5m 2 / g to enhance the contact efficiency of digestive enzymes.

9. The method for preparing a multifunctional full-day forage grass according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the post-treatment of S7, the water-resistant film layer is edible starch or plant gum, the spraying thickness is 10-50 μm, and the water resistance is ≥30 minutes to prevent nutrient loss during storage; the nutritional enhancer is complex vitamins, probiotics, and organic trace elements, the spraying amount is 0.1%-1% of the total mass of the particles, and it is dried and fixed by a fluidized bed, and the survival rate is ≥85%.