Ganoderma lucidum liquid multi-component gradient extraction process based on intelligent temperature control

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ganoderma lucidum extraction, and discloses a ganoderma lucidum liquid multi-component gradient extraction process based on intelligent temperature control. The extraction process comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining a ganoderma lucidum liquid; and S2, carrying out enzymolysis treatment on the ganoderma lucidum liquid at 50 DEG C, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 60 DEG C, and extracting ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide. And S3, carrying out hot reflux treatment at 80 DEG C after alcohol extraction pretreatment, and extracting the ganoderma triterpenoids. And S4, carrying out supercritical CO2 treatment at 40 DEG C, and extracting the ganoderma lucidum spore oil. And S5, carrying out alkali extraction and acid precipitation at 60 DEG C, then carrying out separation and purification, and extracting ganoderic acid. And S6, carrying out hot water extraction at 80 DEG C, purifying by using ion exchange resin, and extracting ganoderma lucidum nucleoside. According to the extraction process, gradient extraction of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, ganoderma lucidum spore oil, ganoderic acid and ganoderma lucidum nucleoside is achieved, the extraction efficiency is improved, the extraction quality is improved, and energy consumption and cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ganoderma lucidum extraction, and in particular to a multi-component gradient extraction process of ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control. Background Art

[0002] Ganoderma lucidum is rich in various active ingredients, such as Ganoderma polysaccharides, Ganoderma triterpenoids, Ganoderma spore oil, Ganoderma acid and Ganoderma nucleosides, which have extremely high application value in the fields of medicine, health products, cosmetics, etc.

[0003] However, traditional Ganoderma lucidum extraction methods have many shortcomings: on the one hand, most traditional processes are difficult to accurately control the extraction temperature, resulting in low extraction efficiency and uneven quality of different active ingredients. For example, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are prone to degradation at too high temperatures, while the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids requires a specific temperature range to ensure the integrity and purity of its active ingredients; on the other hand, traditional extraction technology can usually only extract a single or a few components, and lacks a comprehensive and efficient multi-component synchronous extraction scheme, which not only causes waste of raw materials, but also increases production costs and production cycles, and cannot meet the modern industry's demand for high quality and high yield of Ganoderma lucidum extracts. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art mentioned above, the object of the present invention is to provide a multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control to achieve gradient extraction of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acid and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides, and to improve the extraction efficiency, improve the extraction quality, and reduce energy consumption and cost.

[0005] A multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control, comprising the following steps: S1. Ganoderma lucidum raw material is pretreated to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid; S2 performs enzymatic hydrolysis on the Ganoderma lucidum liquid, and then performs ultrasonic treatment to extract Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, and the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is controlled at 50-60°C and the ultrasonic treatment temperature is controlled at 60-70°C by an intelligent temperature control system; S3: taking the residue after the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction, performing a heat reflux treatment after alcohol extraction pretreatment, and extracting the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid compounds, and the heat reflux treatment temperature is 80-90°C; S4 takes the residue after the extraction of triterpenoid compounds of Ganoderma lucidum and conducts supercritical CO 2 Treatment, extraction of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, supercritical CO 2 The treatment temperature is 40~50℃; S5: taking the residue after the extraction of the ganoderma lucidum spore oil, performing alkali extraction and acid precipitation and separation and purification to extract ganoderma lucidum acid, wherein the temperature of the alkali extraction and acid precipitation is 60-70° C.; S6: hot water extraction and ion exchange resin purification are performed on the residue after the ganoderic acid extraction to extract the ganoderma nucleoside. The temperature of the hot water extraction treatment is 80-90°C.

[0006] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the specific operation of the pretreatment to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid is as follows: the Ganoderma lucidum raw material is crushed into 40-60 mesh, and then deionized water is added to adjust the solution pH to 5-6 to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid, and the solid-liquid ratio of Ganoderma lucidum raw material and deionized water is 1:20-30.

[0007] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the intelligent temperature control system includes a database, a data retrieval module for retrieving information corresponding to the current extracted components from the database, a temperature detection module, a heating module and a cooling module. The database stores the optimal temperature curve and process parameters for extracting Ganoderma lucidum components, and the Ganoderma lucidum components include Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acid and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides. For example, when extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the data retrieval module retrieves the optimal extraction temperature curve and process parameters corresponding to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides from the database, and the temperature detection module uses a high-precision temperature sensor of model pt100, the purpose of which is to monitor the temperature changes of each link in the extraction process in real time and accurately, so as to provide data support for the temperature adjustment of the heating module or the cooling module. The intelligent temperature control system of the present invention uses the information stored in the database as a reference, and according to the data fed back by the temperature detection module, the heating module is triggered to heat up or the cooling module is triggered to cool down, so as to ensure that the current Ganoderma lucidum components are extracted under the conditions of the optimal temperature and process parameters.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the method for extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is specifically performed as follows: S21 Add complex enzyme to the Ganoderma lucidum liquid, stir and mix, and perform enzymolysis at 50-60°C for 1.5-2.5h; S22 uses ultrasonic equipment to perform ultrasonic treatment for 30-50 minutes at an ultrasonic power of 400-600 W and a temperature of 60-70° C., and then filters to obtain a residue and an extract containing Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the added amount of the composite enzyme accounts for 0.5% to 1.5% of the raw material of Ganoderma lucidum, and the composite enzyme is obtained by mixing cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase in a ratio of 2:1:1. The present invention uses a composite enzyme in which cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase are mixed in a ratio of 2:1:1 to form a ternary composite enzymatic hydrolysis system, and the optimized combination of the three enzymes is used to efficiently destroy the cell wall structure of Ganoderma lucidum, thereby promoting the dissolution of polysaccharides. Compared with a single enzyme and conventional enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, the extraction rate and purity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are significantly improved, providing a higher quality raw material basis for the development of subsequent polysaccharide products.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the method for extracting triterpenoid compounds from Ganoderma lucidum is specifically performed as follows: S31: taking the residue after the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction, soaking it in an ethanol solution with a concentration of 70% to 90%, stirring it at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours, and the solid-liquid ratio of the residue to the ethanol solution is 1:10 to 15; S32: extracting the mixed solution after soaking under hot reflux at 80-90° C. for 2-3 hours, and then filtering to obtain the residue and the alcohol extract containing the triterpenoid compounds of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the method for extracting Ganoderma lucidum spore oil is specifically performed as follows: The residue after the extraction of triterpenoids from S41 Ganoderma lucidum was dried until the moisture content was less than 5%, then crushed to 80-100 mesh and transferred to CO 2 In the extraction kettle of the extraction equipment; S42 at 40~50℃, pressure 25~35MPa, CO 2 Extract for 2 to 3 hours at a flow rate of 20 to 30 kg / h, and filter to obtain the residue and the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the specific operation of the alkaline extraction and acid precipitation is: soaking the residue after the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil with a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 2% to 5%, with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8 to 12, stirring at 60 to 70°C for 2 to 3 hours, so that the Ganoderma lucidum acid is converted into salt and dissolved, and then filtering to obtain the residue and alkaline extract, slowly adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the alkaline extract to adjust the pH to 2 to 3, and the Ganoderma lucidum acid is precipitated.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the specific operation of separation and purification is: filtering the alkaline extract, washing the collected ganoderic acid precipitate with ethanol or acetone to remove impurities, and obtaining a pure ganoderic acid product.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the method for extracting Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides is specifically performed as follows: S61 Take the residue after the ganoderic acid extraction, add deionized water, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:10-15, and stir and extract at 80-90°C for 2-3h to dissolve the nucleoside; The S62 extract is purified by a mixed resin column containing a strongly acidic cation exchange resin and a weakly basic anion exchange resin. The Ganoderma nucleoside is adsorbed on the resin and then eluted with ammonia water and hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations. The eluate containing the nucleoside is collected and then concentrated and dried to obtain the Ganoderma nucleoside product.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The extraction process of the present invention performs particle size processing according to the extraction characteristics of each component at different extraction stages, so that the ganoderma lucidum material has sufficient surface area to facilitate extraction. The material-liquid ratio is optimized for different active ingredients, thereby achieving the effect of ensuring the extraction effect while rationally utilizing solvent resources and reducing waste and subsequent processing costs.

[0016] The extraction process of the present invention designs a unique multi-component gradient extraction process. According to the chemical properties and solubility differences of the active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum, the extraction operations are carried out in sequence and in an orderly manner, so that multiple active ingredients can be efficiently separated and extracted from the same raw material. Compared with traditional single-component or simple mixed-component extraction processes, the raw material utilization rate is greatly improved, resource waste is reduced, and the overall production cycle is significantly shortened, thereby improving production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0017] The present invention combines intelligent temperature control with extraction technology, so that the extraction process of different ganoderma components can be carried out under ideal temperature conditions, so that the extraction efficiency is improved, and the intelligent temperature control system reduces the energy waste caused by temperature fluctuations and excessive temperature. Compared with traditional extraction technology, the overall energy consumption is reduced, thereby reducing production costs and improving economic benefits. In addition, the decomposition and denaturation of active ingredients can be effectively avoided through precise temperature control, thereby improving the extraction quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Shown is a flow chart of a multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 The figure shows a module block diagram of an intelligent temperature control system used in a multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and will become apparent from the following description, or will be understood through the practice of the present invention. It should be understood that the following description is only used to explain the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "including," "contains," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the listed elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0022] When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range limited by a series of upper preferred values ​​and lower preferred values, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pairing of any range upper limit or preferred value with any range lower limit or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed separately. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including a range of "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5" etc. When a numerical range is described in this article, unless otherwise specified, the range is intended to include its end values ​​and all integers and fractions within the range.

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0024] Example 1 This embodiment provides a multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control, which includes the following steps: S1: 100 g of Ganoderma lucidum raw material was crushed into 50 meshes, and then 2000 mL of deionized water was added to adjust the pH of the solution to 5 to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid.

[0025] S2 uses cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase in a ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a composite enzyme, and adds the composite enzyme to the Ganoderma lucidum liquid. The amount of the composite enzyme added accounts for 0.5%~1.5% of the Ganoderma lucidum raw material. After stirring and mixing, the intelligent temperature control system adjusts the temperature so that enzymolysis is carried out at 50°C for 2.5 hours. After the enzymolysis is completed, an ultrasonic device is used for ultrasonic treatment at an ultrasonic power of 400W and a temperature of 60°C for 50 minutes, and then the residue and the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide are obtained by filtration.

[0026] In this embodiment, a composite enzyme of cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase mixed in a ratio of 2:1:1 is used to form a ternary composite enzymatic hydrolysis system, and the cell wall structure of Ganoderma lucidum is efficiently destroyed by an optimized combination of the three enzymes, thereby promoting the dissolution of polysaccharides. Compared with single enzymes and conventional enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, the extraction rate and purity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are significantly improved, providing a higher quality raw material basis for the development of subsequent polysaccharide products. In this embodiment, ultrasonic enhanced extraction is performed after enzymatic hydrolysis to further promote the dissolution of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.

[0027] S3: Take the residue after the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction, add 1000 ml of 70% ethanol solution for soaking, stir at room temperature for 2 hours, make the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids initially dissolve and remove some impurities, then heat to 80°C for reflux extraction for 3 hours, and filter to obtain the residue and the alcohol extract containing Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids. In this embodiment, the alcohol extract containing Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids is further subjected to reduced pressure distillation to recover ethanol and concentrate the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids.

[0028] The residue after S4 Ganoderma triterpenoid extraction was dried until the moisture content was less than 5%, then crushed to 90 mesh to improve the efficiency of supercritical extraction, and transferred to CO 2 In the extraction kettle of the extraction equipment, at 40°C, 25MPa, CO 2 The extraction was performed for 2-3 hours at a flow rate of 20 kg / h, and the residue and the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil were obtained by filtration. In this embodiment, the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil was further separated by reduced pressure to obtain Ganoderma lucidum spore oil.

[0029] S5: Soak the residue after the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in a 2% sodium hydroxide solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8, and stir at 60°C for 3 hours to convert Ganoderma lucidum acid into salt and dissolve it. Then filter to obtain the residue and alkaline extract. Slowly add dilute hydrochloric acid to the alkaline extract to adjust the pH to 3, and Ganoderma lucidum acid precipitates. Continue to filter the alkaline extract, and wash the collected Ganoderma lucidum acid precipitate with ethanol or acetone to remove impurities to obtain a pure Ganoderma lucidum acid product.

[0030] S6: Take the residue after the Ganoderma lucidum acid extraction, add deionized water, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:10, stir and extract at 80°C for 3 hours to dissolve the nucleoside, and purify the extract by a mixed resin column equipped with a strong acid cation exchange resin and a weak base anion exchange resin. The Ganoderma lucidum nucleoside is adsorbed on the resin and then eluted with ammonia water and hydrochloric acid solution of different concentrations. The eluate containing the nucleoside is collected, and then the Ganoderma lucidum nucleoside product is obtained by concentration and drying.

[0031] In the extraction process of the present embodiment, the designed intelligent temperature control system includes a database, a data retrieval module for retrieving information corresponding to the current extracted components from the database, a temperature detection module, a heating module and a cooling module. The database stores the optimal temperature curve and process parameters for the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum components, and the Ganoderma lucidum components include but are not limited to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acid and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides. For example, when extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the data retrieval module retrieves the optimal extraction temperature curve and process parameters corresponding to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides from the database, and the temperature detection module adopts a high-precision temperature sensor of model pt100, the purpose of which is to monitor the temperature changes of each link in the extraction process in real time and accurately, so as to provide data support for the temperature adjustment of the heating module or the cooling module. The intelligent temperature control system of the present embodiment uses the data stored in the database as a reference, and according to the data fed back by the temperature detection module, the heating module is triggered to heat up or the cooling module is triggered to cool down, so as to ensure that the current Ganoderma lucidum components are extracted under the conditions of the optimal temperature and process parameters, thereby avoiding the decomposition of active ingredients or incomplete extraction caused by temperature fluctuations, and greatly improving the extraction quality and efficiency.

[0032] After testing, the extraction process of this embodiment has an extraction rate of 30% of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, which is much higher than the traditional extraction process (20%-30%); the purity of ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids is 75%, which is much higher than the traditional extraction process (40%-55%); the yield of ganoderma lucidum spore oil is 20%, the yield of ganoderma lucidum acid is 13%, and the purity of ganoderma lucidum nucleoside is 92%. Compared with the traditional extraction process, the content of effective ingredients such as triterpenoids and unsaturated fatty acids in the ganoderma lucidum spore oil extracted by this embodiment is more stable and higher in content, and the extracts of ganoderma lucidum acid and ganoderma lucidum nucleoside have fewer impurities and purer active ingredients.

[0033] Compared with the traditional extraction technology, the extraction process of this embodiment reduces the overall energy consumption by 26%, reduces the solvent usage by 25%, and increases the raw material utilization rate by 30%. The above results prove that the extraction process of this embodiment significantly improves the extraction efficiency, significantly improves the extraction quality, and effectively reduces the energy consumption and cost.

[0034] Example 2 This embodiment provides a multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control, which includes the following steps: S1: 100 g of Ganoderma lucidum raw material was crushed into 50 meshes, and then 2500 mL of deionized water was added to adjust the pH of the solution to 5.5 to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid.

[0035] S2 uses cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase in a ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a composite enzyme, and adds the composite enzyme to the Ganoderma lucidum liquid. The amount of the composite enzyme added accounts for 0.5%~1.5% of the Ganoderma lucidum raw material. After stirring and mixing, the intelligent temperature control system adjusts the temperature to allow enzymolysis at 55°C for 2h. After the enzymolysis is completed, an ultrasonic device is used for ultrasonic treatment at an ultrasonic power of 500W and a temperature of 65°C for 40min, and then the residue and the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide are obtained by filtration.

[0036] In this embodiment, a composite enzyme of cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase mixed in a ratio of 2:1:1 is used to form a ternary composite enzymatic hydrolysis system, and the cell wall structure of Ganoderma lucidum is efficiently destroyed by an optimized combination of the three enzymes, thereby promoting the dissolution of polysaccharides. Compared with single enzymes and conventional enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, the extraction rate and purity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are significantly improved, providing a higher quality raw material basis for the development of subsequent polysaccharide products. In this embodiment, ultrasonic enhanced extraction is performed after enzymatic hydrolysis to further promote the dissolution of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.

[0037] S3: Take the residue after the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction, add 1200 ml of 80% ethanol solution for soaking, stir at room temperature for 1.5 hours, make the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids dissolve initially and remove some impurities, then heat to 85°C for reflux extraction for 2.5 hours, and filter to obtain the residue and the alcohol extract containing Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids. In this embodiment, the alcohol extract containing Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids is further subjected to reduced pressure distillation to recover ethanol and concentrate the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids.

[0038] The residue after S4 Ganoderma triterpenoid extraction was dried until the moisture content was less than 5%, then crushed to 90 mesh to improve the efficiency of supercritical extraction, and transferred to CO 2 In the extraction kettle of the extraction equipment, at 45°C, 30MPa pressure, CO 2 The extraction was carried out for 2.5 hours at a flow rate of 25 kg / h, and the residue and the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil were obtained by filtration. In this embodiment, the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil was further separated by reduced pressure to obtain Ganoderma lucidum spore oil.

[0039] S5: Soak the residue after the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in a 3% sodium hydroxide solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, and stir at 65°C for 2.5 hours to convert Ganoderma lucidum acid into salt and dissolve it. Then filter to obtain the residue and alkaline extract. Slowly add dilute hydrochloric acid to the alkaline extract to adjust the pH to 3, and Ganoderma lucidum precipitate. Continue to filter the alkaline extract. The collected Ganoderma lucidum precipitate is washed with ethanol or acetone to remove impurities to obtain a pure Ganoderma lucidum product.

[0040] S6: Take the residue after the Ganoderma lucidum acid extraction, add deionized water, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:12, and stir the extraction at 85°C for 2.5 hours to dissolve the nucleoside. The extract is purified by a mixed resin column equipped with a strong acid cation exchange resin and a weak base anion exchange resin. The Ganoderma lucidum nucleoside is adsorbed on the resin and then eluted with ammonia water and hydrochloric acid solution of different concentrations. The eluate containing the nucleoside is collected, and then the Ganoderma lucidum nucleoside product is obtained by concentration and drying.

[0041] In the extraction process of the present embodiment, the designed intelligent temperature control system includes a database, a data retrieval module for retrieving information corresponding to the current extracted components from the database, a temperature detection module, a heating module and a cooling module. The database stores the optimal temperature curve and process parameters for the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum components, and the Ganoderma lucidum components include but are not limited to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acid and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides. For example, when extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the data retrieval module retrieves the optimal extraction temperature curve and process parameters corresponding to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides from the database, and the temperature detection module adopts a high-precision temperature sensor of model pt100, the purpose of which is to monitor the temperature changes of each link in the extraction process in real time and accurately, so as to provide data support for the temperature adjustment of the heating module or the cooling module. The intelligent temperature control system of the present embodiment uses the data stored in the database as a reference, and according to the data fed back by the temperature detection module, the heating module is triggered to heat up or the cooling module is triggered to cool down, so as to ensure that the current Ganoderma lucidum components are extracted under the conditions of the optimal temperature and process parameters, thereby avoiding the decomposition of active ingredients or incomplete extraction caused by temperature fluctuations, and greatly improving the extraction quality and efficiency.

[0042] After testing, the extraction process of this embodiment has an extraction rate of 32% of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, which is much higher than the traditional extraction process (20%-30%); the purity of ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids is 78%, which is much higher than the traditional extraction process (40%-55%); the yield of ganoderma lucidum spore oil is 22%, the yield of ganoderma lucidum acid is 14%, and the purity of ganoderma lucidum nucleoside is 95%. Compared with the traditional extraction process, the content of effective ingredients such as triterpenoids and unsaturated fatty acids in the ganoderma lucidum spore oil extracted by this embodiment is more stable and higher in content, and the extracts of ganoderma lucidum acid and ganoderma lucidum nucleoside have fewer impurities and purer active ingredients.

[0043] Compared with the traditional extraction technology, the extraction process of this embodiment reduces the overall energy consumption by 28%, reduces the solvent usage by 27%, and increases the raw material utilization rate by 32%. The above results prove that the extraction process of this embodiment significantly improves the extraction efficiency, significantly improves the extraction quality, and effectively reduces the energy consumption and cost.

[0044] Example 3 This embodiment provides a multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control, which includes the following steps: S1: 100 g of Ganoderma lucidum raw material was crushed into 50 meshes, and then 3000 mL of deionized water was added to adjust the pH of the solution to 6 to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid.

[0045] S2 uses cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase in a ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a composite enzyme, and adds the composite enzyme to the Ganoderma lucidum liquid. The amount of the composite enzyme added accounts for 0.5%~1.5% of the Ganoderma lucidum raw material. After stirring and mixing, the intelligent temperature control system adjusts the temperature so that enzymolysis is carried out at 60°C for 1.5 hours. After the enzymolysis is completed, an ultrasonic device is used for ultrasonic treatment at an ultrasonic power of 600W and a temperature of 70°C for 30 minutes, and then the residue and the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide are obtained by filtration.

[0046] In this embodiment, a composite enzyme of cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase mixed in a ratio of 2:1:1 is used to form a ternary composite enzymatic hydrolysis system, and the cell wall structure of Ganoderma lucidum is efficiently destroyed by an optimized combination of the three enzymes, thereby promoting the dissolution of polysaccharides. Compared with single enzymes and conventional enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, the extraction rate and purity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are significantly improved, providing a higher quality raw material basis for the development of subsequent polysaccharide products. In this embodiment, ultrasonic enhanced extraction is performed after enzymatic hydrolysis to further promote the dissolution of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.

[0047] S3: Take the residue after the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction, add 1500 ml of 90% ethanol solution for soaking, stir at room temperature for 1 hour, make the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids dissolve initially and remove some impurities, then heat to 90° C. for reflux extraction for 2 hours, and filter to obtain the residue and the alcohol extract containing the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids. In this embodiment, the alcohol extract containing the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids is further subjected to reduced pressure distillation to recover ethanol and concentrate the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids.

[0048] The residue after S4 Ganoderma triterpenoid extraction was dried until the moisture content was less than 5%, then crushed to 90 mesh to improve the efficiency of supercritical extraction, and transferred to CO 2 In the extraction kettle of the extraction equipment, at 50°C, 35MPa, CO 2 The extraction was performed for 2 hours at a flow rate of 30 kg / h, and the residue and the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil were obtained by filtration. In this embodiment, the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil was further separated by reduced pressure to obtain Ganoderma lucidum spore oil.

[0049] S5: Soak the residue after the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:12, and stir at 70°C for 2 hours to convert Ganoderma lucidum acid into salt and dissolve it. Then filter to obtain the residue and alkaline extract. Slowly add dilute hydrochloric acid to the alkaline extract to adjust the pH to 3, and Ganoderma lucidum acid precipitates. Continue to filter the alkaline extract, and wash the collected Ganoderma lucidum acid precipitate with ethanol or acetone to remove impurities to obtain a pure Ganoderma lucidum acid product.

[0050] S6: Take the residue after the Ganoderma lucidum acid extraction, add deionized water, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:15, and stir the extraction at 90°C for 2 hours to dissolve the nucleoside. The extract is purified by a mixed resin column equipped with a strong acid cation exchange resin and a weak base anion exchange resin. The Ganoderma lucidum nucleoside is adsorbed on the resin and then eluted with ammonia water and hydrochloric acid solution of different concentrations. The eluate containing the nucleoside is collected, and then the Ganoderma lucidum nucleoside product is obtained by concentration and drying.

[0051] In the extraction process of the present embodiment, the designed intelligent temperature control system includes a database, a data retrieval module for retrieving information corresponding to the current extracted components from the database, a temperature detection module, a heating module and a cooling module. The database stores the optimal temperature curve and process parameters for the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum components, and the Ganoderma lucidum components include but are not limited to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acid and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides. For example, when extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the data retrieval module retrieves the optimal extraction temperature curve and process parameters corresponding to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides from the database, and the temperature detection module adopts a high-precision temperature sensor of model pt100, the purpose of which is to monitor the temperature changes of each link in the extraction process in real time and accurately, so as to provide data support for the temperature adjustment of the heating module or the cooling module. The intelligent temperature control system of the present embodiment uses the data stored in the database as a reference, and according to the data fed back by the temperature detection module, the heating module is triggered to heat up or the cooling module is triggered to cool down, so as to ensure that the current Ganoderma lucidum components are extracted under the conditions of the optimal temperature and process parameters, thereby avoiding the decomposition of active ingredients or incomplete extraction caused by temperature fluctuations, and greatly improving the extraction quality and efficiency.

[0052] After testing, the extraction process of this embodiment has an extraction rate of 35% of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, which is much higher than the traditional extraction process (20%-30%); the purity of ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids is 82%, which is much higher than the traditional extraction process (40%-55%); the yield of ganoderma lucidum spore oil is 25%, the yield of ganoderma lucidum acid is 15%, and the purity of ganoderma lucidum nucleoside is 98%. Compared with the traditional extraction process, the content of effective ingredients such as triterpenoids and unsaturated fatty acids in the ganoderma lucidum spore oil extracted by this embodiment is more stable and higher in content, and the extracts of ganoderma lucidum acid and ganoderma lucidum nucleoside have fewer impurities and purer active ingredients.

[0053] Compared with the traditional extraction technology, the extraction process of this embodiment reduces the overall energy consumption by 32%, reduces the solvent usage by 23%, and increases the raw material utilization rate by 31%. The above results prove that the extraction process of this embodiment significantly improves the extraction efficiency, significantly improves the extraction quality, and effectively reduces the energy consumption and cost.

[0054] The above embodiments are merely preferred implementations of the present invention. Any simple modification, amendment and substitution of the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Ganoderma lucidum raw material is pretreated to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid; S2 performs enzymatic hydrolysis on the Ganoderma lucidum liquid, and then performs ultrasonic treatment to extract Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, and the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is controlled at 50-60°C and the ultrasonic treatment temperature is controlled at 60-70°C by an intelligent temperature control system; S3: taking the residue after the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction, performing a heat reflux treatment after alcohol extraction pretreatment, and extracting the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid compounds, and the heat reflux treatment temperature is 80-90°C; S4 takes the residue after the extraction of triterpenoid compounds of Ganoderma lucidum and treats it with supercritical CO2 to extract Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, and the temperature of supercritical CO2 treatment is 40-50°C; S5: taking the residue after the extraction of the ganoderma lucidum spore oil, performing alkali extraction and acid precipitation and separation and purification to extract ganoderma lucidum acid, wherein the temperature of the alkali extraction and acid precipitation is 60-70° C.; S6: hot water extraction and ion exchange resin purification are performed on the residue after the ganoderic acid extraction to extract the ganoderma nucleoside. The temperature of the hot water extraction treatment is 80-90°C.

2. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of the pretreatment to obtain the Ganoderma lucidum liquid is as follows: the Ganoderma lucidum raw material is crushed into 40-60 meshes, and then deionized water is added to adjust the solution pH to 5-6 to obtain the Ganoderma lucidum liquid, and the material-liquid ratio of the Ganoderma lucidum raw material to the deionized water is 1:20-30.

3. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent temperature control system includes a database, a data retrieval module for retrieving information corresponding to the currently extracted component from the database, a temperature detection module, a heating module and a cooling module; The database stores the optimal temperature curve and process parameters for extracting ganoderma lucidum components, and the ganoderma lucidum components include ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid compounds, ganoderma lucidum spore oil, ganoderma lucidum acid and ganoderma lucidum nucleosides.

4. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of the method for extracting ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is as follows: S21 Add complex enzyme to the Ganoderma lucidum liquid, stir and mix, and perform enzymolysis at 50-60°C for 1.5-2.5h; S22 uses ultrasonic equipment to perform ultrasonic treatment for 30-50 minutes at an ultrasonic power of 400-600 W and a temperature of 60-70° C., and then filters to obtain a residue and an extract containing Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide.

5. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 4, characterized in that: The added amount of the complex enzyme accounts for 0.5% to 1.5% of the ganoderma lucidum raw material, and the complex enzyme is obtained by mixing cellulase, pectinase and beta-glucanase in a ratio of 2:1:

1.

6. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for extracting triterpenoid compounds of Ganoderma lucidum is specifically performed as follows: S31: taking the residue after the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction, soaking it in an ethanol solution with a concentration of 70% to 90%, stirring it at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours, and the solid-liquid ratio of the residue to the ethanol solution is 1:10 to 15; S32: extracting the mixed solution after soaking under hot reflux at 80-90° C. for 2-3 hours, and then filtering to obtain the residue and the alcohol extract containing the triterpenoid compounds of Ganoderma lucidum.

7. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for extracting Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, the specific operation is as follows: The residue after the extraction of triterpenoid compounds from S41 Ganoderma lucidum is dried until the moisture content is less than 5%, then crushed to 80-100 mesh, and transferred to the extraction kettle of the CO2 extraction equipment; S42 is extracted for 2-3 hours at 40-50°C, pressure 25-35 MPa, and CO2 flow rate 20-30 kg / h, and the residue and the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil are obtained by filtration.

8. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of the alkaline extraction and acid precipitation is: soaking the residue after the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil with a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 2% to 5%, with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8 to 12, stirring at 60 to 70° C. for 2 to 3 hours to convert Ganoderma lucidum acid into salt and dissolve it, then filtering to obtain the residue and alkaline extract, slowly adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the alkaline extract to adjust the pH to 2 to 3, and Ganoderma lucidum acid is precipitated.

9. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific operation of separation and purification is: filtering the alkaline extract, washing the collected ganoderic acid precipitate with ethanol or acetone to remove impurities, and obtaining a pure ganoderic acid product.

10. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for extracting Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides, the specific operation is as follows: S61 Take the residue after the ganoderic acid extraction, add deionized water, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:10-15, and stir and extract at 80-90°C for 2-3h to dissolve the nucleoside; The S62 extract is purified by a mixed resin column containing a strongly acidic cation exchange resin and a weakly basic anion exchange resin. The Ganoderma nucleoside is adsorbed on the resin and then eluted with ammonia water and hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations. The eluate containing the nucleoside is collected and then concentrated and dried to obtain the Ganoderma nucleoside product.

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