Vehicle power system based on solid hydrogen pool, commercial vehicle and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy power, in particular to a vehicle power system based on a solid hydrogen pool, a commercial vehicle and a control method. The vehicle power system comprises a power driving module, a power battery module, a fuel battery module, a solid hydrogen pool module and a whole vehicle control module. The power battery module is connected with the power driving module, the fuel battery module is connected with the power driving module, the solid hydrogen pool module is connected with the fuel battery module, and the whole vehicle control module is in communication connection with the power driving module, the power battery module, the fuel battery module and the solid hydrogen pool module and used for controlling the whole vehicle according to the vehicle power requirement. And the operation of each module is controlled in a closed-loop manner. A commercial vehicle includes a vehicle powertrain. The fuel cell module based on the solid hydrogen pool module is used for providing a stable hydrogen source for the fuel cell module, and the mode that the fuel cell module and the power cell module conduct hybrid power is adopted, so that rapid load changing and high dynamic response coping are achieved, and the requirement of a high-power commercial vehicle is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy and power technology, and in particular to a vehicle power system, a commercial vehicle and a control method based on a solid hydrogen pool. Background Art

[0002] Most of the energy storage methods of traditional commercial vehicles use gasoline, diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG), but the above fuels will cause environmental pollution and excessive carbon emissions. Some pure electric power-based battery-swap power storage methods and plug-in pure electric energy storage methods have a series of problems such as short driving range, battery failure and fire, low battery power density, large energy storage volume, heavy weight, affecting cargo transportation, etc. In terms of energy replenishment, the charging time is long, and the energy storage performance decay leads to large energy loss.

[0003] Hydrogen energy is a renewable secondary energy source. Due to its large existing reserves, it is considered an important resource for solving the future energy crisis. With the continuous reduction of fossil energy and the continuous increase in pollution, hydrogen energy is known as a clean and good carrier that can replace traditional energy. In order to reduce the global greenhouse effect, hydrogen energy has no pollution, high environmental friendliness, and high energy conversion efficiency in the energy conversion process. Especially in the fields of transportation and power generation and energy storage, hydrogen energy is playing a key social role as a substitute for traditional fossil energy to provide a steady stream of electricity and heat for the transportation and thermal power fields. However, due to many influencing factors such as the low density of hydrogen at room temperature and pressure, the high energy consumption of pressurized storage of hydrogen, and the high cost of long-distance transportation, the technological development of hydrogen energy has been seriously affected.

[0004] Hydrogen energy is used as an energy source, mainly converted into electrical energy through fuel cells. It can be used in various fields that require the use of electrical energy, such as sea, land, air, and space. Currently, it is most widely used in the field of land transportation, especially passenger cars and commercial vehicles. However, its use on vehicles requires high safety and high hydrogen storage density. The current high-pressure hydrogen storage has problems such as insufficient hydrogen storage density and the risk of hydrogen leakage. The use of solid-state hydrogen storage can achieve intrinsic safety and has a higher hydrogen storage density. Therefore, there is an urgent need to solve the problem of matching solid-state hydrogen storage with high-power commercial vehicles based on hydrogen fuel cell systems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a vehicle power system, a commercial vehicle and a control method based on a solid hydrogen pool to solve the problem that the vehicle power system in the prior art cannot meet the needs of high-power commercial vehicles.

[0006] The present invention discloses a vehicle power system based on a solid hydrogen pool, comprising: A power drive module is used to provide driving force for the vehicle; A power battery module is connected to the power drive module and provides electric energy to the power drive module based on pure electricity; A fuel cell module, connected to the power drive module, and providing electric energy to the power drive module based on hydrogen fuel; A solid-state hydrogen pool module is connected to the fuel cell module and is used to provide a hydrogen source for the fuel cell module after the solid-state hydrogen storage material decomposes hydrogen with water, and dynamically adjusts the hydrogen release rate and hydrogen release pressure according to the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell module; The vehicle control module is respectively connected to the power drive module, the power battery module, the fuel cell module, and the solid-state hydrogen pool module for closed-loop control of the operation of each module according to the vehicle power demand.

[0007] Optionally, the solid-state hydrogen pool module includes a solid-state hydrogen storage unit and a hydrogen release auxiliary unit, the solid-state hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen release pool, and a solid-state hydrogen storage component arranged in the hydrogen release pool, the hydrogen release auxiliary unit includes a hydrolysis component and a hydrogen transmission component, the hydrolysis component is connected to the hydrogen release pool, and is used to quantitatively inject reaction water into the hydrogen release pool, and the hydrogen transmission component is connected to the hydrogen release pool and the fuel cell module, and is used to quantitatively store and transport the hydrogen released after the hydrolysis of the solid-state hydrogen storage component.

[0008] Optionally, the hydrolysis component includes a water tank, a water pump and a water sprinkler, and the water tank, the water pump, the water sprinkler and the hydrogen release pool are connected in sequence, and the hydrogen transport component includes a buffer tank and a pressure sensor, the hydrogen release pool, the buffer tank and the fuel cell module are connected in sequence, and the pressure sensor is arranged at the outlet of the buffer tank.

[0009] Optionally, the hydrogen release pool includes independently arranged hydrolysis chamber, hydrogen storage chamber and tail liquid chamber, the hydrogen storage chamber is arranged at the top of the hydrolysis chamber, the tail liquid chamber is arranged at the bottom of the hydrolysis chamber, and the hydrolysis chamber is provided with flow channels respectively connected to the hydrogen storage chamber and the tail liquid chamber, the solid-state hydrogen storage component is arranged in the hydrolysis chamber, and the solid-state hydrogen storage structure is a skeleton structure composed of a plurality of hydrogen storage rods.

[0010] Optionally, the vehicle power system further includes a heat dissipation module, the heat dissipation module includes a fuel cell heat dissipation unit, a solid hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit and a drive control heat dissipation unit; The fuel cell heat dissipation unit is connected to the fuel cell module, and the drive control heat dissipation unit is connected to the power drive module and the vehicle control module respectively; The solid-state hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, and includes a medium circulation pipeline, a filter, a radiator and a cooling pump. The hydrogen release pool also includes a heat exchange chamber arranged on the hydrolysis chamber. The heat exchange chamber is respectively provided with a medium inlet and a medium outlet, and the medium outlet, the filter, the radiator, the cooling pump and the medium inlet are connected in sequence through the medium circulation pipeline.

[0011] Optionally, the solid hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit further includes a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a medium compensation tank, wherein the first temperature sensor is arranged on the medium circulation pipeline between the filter and the medium outlet, and the second temperature sensor is arranged on the medium circulation pipeline between the cooling pump and the medium inlet; The medium compensation tank is provided with a medium compensation pipeline, and the other end of the medium compensation pipeline is located between the radiator and the cooling pump and connected to the medium circulation pipeline. The medium compensation tank is provided with a liquid adding and exhausting pipeline, and the other end of the liquid adding and exhausting pipeline is located between the medium outlet and the radiator and connected to the medium circulation pipeline.

[0012] Optionally, the fuel cell heat dissipation unit includes a cooling water jacket, the inlet of the cooling water jacket is connected to the medium inlet, and the outlet of the cooling water jacket is connected to the inlet of the filter, so that the pipeline connecting the cooling water jacket and the heat exchange chamber constitutes a low-temperature startup circulation route.

[0013] Optionally, the power drive module includes a DC-DC conversion unit, an all-in-one control unit, a signal drive unit and multiple drive motors, the fuel cell module and the power battery module are electrically connected to the all-in-one controller respectively, and the fuel cell module is electrically connected to the all-in-one controller through the DC-DC conversion unit, the all-in-one control unit is electrically connected to the multiple drive motors through the signal drive unit, and the drive motors are used to connect to the drive wheels of the vehicle.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a commercial vehicle, comprising a vehicle body and the above-mentioned vehicle power system, wherein the vehicle body comprises a whole vehicle chassis, a whole vehicle superstructure and a whole vehicle cockpit, the power drive module and the solid-state hydrogen pool module are both arranged on the whole vehicle chassis, the power battery module and the fuel cell module are both arranged in the whole vehicle cockpit, a tail liquid recovery unit is provided at the bottom of the whole vehicle chassis, and a tail liquid conveying pipeline connected to the solid-state hydrogen pool module is provided on the tail liquid recovery unit.

[0015] The present invention also discloses a control method for controlling the above-mentioned vehicle power system, the control method comprising: Acquiring power parameters of the actual driving of the vehicle, and determining the start and stop and output power of the fuel cell module by analyzing the power parameters; In response to the determination of the start and stop of the fuel cell module and the output power, outputting a control instruction to start the fuel cell module; In response to the fuel cell module receiving a control instruction, obtaining operating parameters of the fuel cell module, and determining a hydrogen consumption condition of the fuel cell module by analyzing the operating parameters; In response to the determination of the hydrogen consumption condition of the fuel cell module, a control instruction is output to start the solid-state hydrogen pool module, and the hydrogen consumption condition is fed back to the solid-state hydrogen pool module, and the hydrogen release rate and hydrogen release pressure of the solid-state hydrogen pool module are dynamically adjusted according to the hydrogen consumption condition until the vehicle stops.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the vehicle power system, commercial vehicle and control method based on the solid hydrogen pool provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: The vehicle power system consists of a power drive module, a power battery module, a fuel cell module, a solid-state hydrogen pool module and a vehicle control module. The solid-state hydrogen pool module realizes the solid-state storage of hydrogen and the stable hydrolysis release of hydrogen. It can match different numbers of solid-state hydrogen pool modules according to the hydrogen storage requirements of different vehicles, and dynamically adjust the hydrogen release rate and hydrogen release pressure through a certain control strategy to achieve hydrogen supply control with different pressure requirements, different temperature requirements, and different flow requirements, thereby ensuring the stability of hydrogen supply. At the same time, in order to ensure the output stability of the vehicle power system, the whole vehicle can achieve rapid load changes and meet the needs of high dynamic response through the hybrid mode of the fuel cell module and the power battery module. The vehicle control module transmits data with each module based on the communication form to split the needs of each module and realize closed-loop control between the modules, thereby ensuring the stable and reliable operation of each module and meeting the needs of high-power commercial vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a vehicle power system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solid-state hydrogen cell module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solid-state hydrogen storage unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solid-state hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a commercial vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] The symbols in the accompanying drawings are as follows: 1. Power drive module; 11. DC-DC conversion unit; 12. All-in-one control unit; 13. Signal drive unit; 14. Drive motor; 15. Drive wheel; 2. Power battery module; 3. Fuel cell module; 4. Solid-state hydrogen storage unit; 41. Hydrogen release pool; 411. Hydrolysis chamber; 412. Hydrogen storage chamber; 413. Tail liquid chamber; 414. Heat exchange chamber; 42. Solid-state hydrogen storage component; 5. Hydrogen release auxiliary unit; 51. Water storage tank; 52. Water Pump; 53. Sprinkler; 54. Buffer tank; 55. Pressure sensor; 6. Vehicle control module; 7. Heat dissipation module; 71. Solid hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit; 711. Filter; 712. Radiator; 713. Cooling pump; 714. First temperature sensor; 715. Second temperature sensor; 72. Medium compensation tank; 73. Cooling water jacket; 8. Vehicle body; 81. Vehicle chassis; 82. Vehicle upper body; 83. Vehicle cockpit; 84. Tail liquid recovery unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. Now, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.

[0020] The present invention discloses a vehicle power system based on a solid hydrogen pool, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a power drive module 1, a power battery module 2, a fuel cell module 3, a solid-state hydrogen pool module and a vehicle control module 6. The power drive module 1 is used to provide driving force for the vehicle. The power battery module 2 is connected to the power drive module 1, and provides electrical energy to the power drive module 1 based on pure electricity. The fuel cell module 3 is connected to the power drive module 1, and provides electrical energy to the power drive module 1 based on hydrogen fuel. The solid-state hydrogen pool module is connected to the fuel cell module 3, and is used to provide a hydrogen source for the fuel cell module 3 after the solid-state hydrogen storage material is dehydrated and hydrogenated, and dynamically adjusts the hydrogen release rate and hydrogen release pressure according to the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell module 3. The vehicle control module 6 is respectively connected to the power drive module 1, the power battery module 2, the fuel cell module 3, and the solid-state hydrogen pool module for closed-loop control of the operation of each module according to the vehicle power demand.

[0021] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned vehicle power system embodiment, the solid-state hydrogen pool module is used to realize the solid-state storage of hydrogen and the stable hydrolysis release of hydrogen. The vehicle-mounted application is realized through a modular layout. Different numbers of solid-state hydrogen pool modules can be matched according to the hydrogen storage requirements of different vehicles, so that the hydrogen release rate and hydrogen release pressure can be dynamically adjusted through a certain control strategy to achieve hydrogen supply control with different pressure requirements, different temperature requirements, and different flow requirements to ensure the stability of hydrogen supply, thereby effectively solving the endurance problem of commercial vehicles without changing the structural layout of the original commercial vehicle. At the same time, in order to ensure the output stability of the vehicle power system, the whole vehicle adopts a hybrid mode of fuel cell module 3 and power battery module 2, and power battery module 2 is a pure electric battery to achieve rapid load changes and meet the needs of high dynamic response. The vehicle control module 6 transmits data with the other modules based on the network communication form of the controller area network (CAN), so as to split the needs of each module and better realize the closed-loop control between the modules, such as the resource interaction of hydrogen supply between the solid hydrogen pool module and the fuel cell module 3, and the information interaction of power supply between the fuel cell module 3 and the power battery module 2, so as to ensure the stable and reliable operation of each module. It effectively solves the problems of environmental pollution and high carbon emissions of traditional internal combustion engine commercial vehicles; the energy crisis problem of current commercial vehicle diesel dependence on imports; the problems of short driving range, frequent charging and long charging time of pure electric vehicles, so as to meet the needs of high-power commercial vehicles.

[0022] Furthermore, combined with Figure 2 As shown, the solid-state hydrogen pool module includes a solid-state hydrogen storage unit 4 and a hydrogen release auxiliary unit 5. The solid-state hydrogen storage unit 4 includes a hydrogen release pool 41, and a solid-state hydrogen storage component 42 arranged in the hydrogen release pool 41. The hydrogen release auxiliary unit 5 includes a hydrolysis component and a hydrogen delivery component. The hydrolysis component is connected to the hydrogen release pool 41, and is used to quantitatively inject reaction water into the hydrogen release pool 41. The hydrogen delivery component is connected to the hydrogen release pool 41 and the fuel cell module 3, and is used to quantitatively store and transport the hydrogen released after the solid-state hydrogen storage component 42 is hydrolyzed.

[0023] Furthermore, the hydrolysis component includes a water tank 51, a water pump 52 and a water sprinkler 53, and the water tank 51, the water pump 52, the water sprinkler 53 and the hydrogen release pool 41 are connected in sequence, and the hydrogen transmission component includes a buffer tank 54 and a pressure sensor 55, the hydrogen release pool 41, the buffer tank 54 and the fuel cell module 3 are connected in sequence, and the pressure sensor 55 is arranged at the outlet of the buffer tank 54.

[0024] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned vehicle power system embodiment, the water tank 51 is used to store reaction water, and the first water pump 52 is a key component in the hydrolysis assembly, which is responsible for extracting reaction water from the water tank 51 and transmitting it to the hydrogen release pool 41. The water sprayer 53 sprays the required reaction water into the hydrogen release pool 41 according to a certain amount, and correspondingly sprays it onto the solid hydrogen storage component 42 to control the rate of the hydrogen release reaction. And the hydrogen released by the solid hydrogen storage component 42 is quantitatively stored by the buffer tank 54, which can reduce the pressure change impact caused by the hydrogen release reaction of the solid hydrogen storage component 42, and ensure that the hydrogen provided to the fuel cell module 3 can be in a relatively stable pressure range. Combined with the setting of the pressure sensor 55, the pressure of the hydrogen supply can be monitored in real time, so as to adjust the reaction rate at any time, thereby dynamically adjusting the hydrogen release rate and hydrogen release pressure according to the demand for hydrogen by the fuel cell module 3. Specifically, different amounts of water can be provided to generate hydrogen by adjusting the opening of the water sprinkler 53, and the opening of the water sprinkler 53 can be adjusted according to the hydrogen pressure closed-loop control of the hydrogen release pool 41 to control the rate of hydrogen release reaction of the solid hydrogen storage component 42 in the hydrogen release pool 41. Thus, in the process of energy conversion, the coupled operation of the solid-state hydrogen pool module is achieved through the interaction with the hydrogen release rate and the hydrogen release buffer. Preferably, a buffer tank 54 of corresponding volume can be matched according to actual buffering and storage requirements. For example: Since the hydrogen consumption of commercial vehicles under standard conditions is at a flow rate of 8g / s-10g / s (5000-6000NL / min), the required pressure is 1.2MPa±0.2MPa, the required temperature is 75±2°C, and the relative humidity is above 90%RH. Therefore, in order to ensure the hydrogen supply of the vehicle, the present invention adopts an extended-range solid-state hydrogen pool module and configures a 35MPa, 410L hydrogen storage bottle for the whole vehicle. The hydrogen storage mass of a full bottle is about 10kg, which can meet the vehicle's endurance requirement of more than 100km. The speed of hydration and hydrogenation of the solid-state hydrogen storage component 42 can be controlled through a certain control strategy, and hydrogen can be produced for storage under the premise of a controllable hydrogen release speed.

[0025] As described above, the solid-state hydrogen storage component 42 is preferably composed of hydrogen-filled high-density hydrogen storage materials. The high-density hydrogen storage materials include metal hydrogen storage materials and non-metal hydrogen storage materials, mainly high-density hydrogen storage materials that can release hydrogen by adding water. For example, metal materials such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), hydrogen storage alloys, inorganic ionic compound hydrogen storage materials, carbonaceous hydrogen storage materials, metal organic skeleton compound hydrogen storage materials, etc. Hydrogen storage alloys include binary systems, ternary systems, and multi-element systems, such as lithium hydride (LiH), sodium hydride (NaH), potassium hydride (KH), magnesium dihydride (MgH), etc. )、Calcium dihydride( )、Aluminum hydride( ) etc.; Inorganic ionic compound hydrogen storage materials mainly include coordinated hydrides and amino compounds, such as sodium aluminum tetrahydride ( )、lithium borohydride( ) and ammonia borane are both hydrogen storage materials with relatively high hydrogen storage density. In the solid-state hydrogen pool module, a single or multiple hydrogen storage materials with relatively high hydrogen storage density can be selected. Reversible hydrogen storage is not required, only high hydrogen storage density is required. In addition, a plurality of solid-state hydrogen storage components 42 can be arranged in the hydrogen release pool 41 to increase the hydrogen storage density of the solid-state hydrogen pool module, and the aqueous solution formed between two adjacent solid-state hydrogen storage components 42 is sprayed into the gap, which can effectively increase the contact area between the hydrogen storage material and the reaction water, realize the controllability of the contact area between the solid-state hydrogen storage component 42 and the reaction water, and then realize the control of the hydrogen release rate and magnitude, and make the entire solid-state hydrogen pool module form an integrated structure with high energy density.

[0026] Furthermore, if Figure 3 As shown, the hydrogen release pool 41 includes an independently arranged hydrolysis chamber 411, a hydrogen storage chamber 412 and a tail liquid chamber 413. The hydrogen storage chamber 412 is arranged at the top of the hydrolysis chamber 411, and the tail liquid chamber 413 is arranged at the bottom of the hydrolysis chamber 411, and the hydrolysis chamber 411 is provided with flow channels respectively connected to the hydrogen storage chamber 412 and the tail liquid chamber 413. The solid hydrogen storage component 42 is arranged in the hydrolysis chamber 411, and the solid hydrogen storage structure is a skeleton structure composed of a plurality of hydrogen storage rods.

[0027] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned vehicle power system embodiment, the hydrolysis chamber 411 is a place where the solid hydrogen storage component 42 and the aqueous solution react to hydrolyze hydrogen. The hydrogen released by the hydrolysis is collected in the hydrogen storage chamber 412 on the upper side, and the buffer tank 54 is connected to the hydrogen storage chamber 412, so that the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage chamber 412 enters the buffer tank 54 for buffer storage. The tail liquid after the hydrolysis reaction is circulated and collected in the tail liquid chamber 413 on the lower side, and the two spaces are independent. The reaction tail liquid is recycled in the form of a liquid solution, and the tail liquid can be discharged and collected while replacing the solid hydrogen storage component 42, and the collection is centralized for recycling and treatment, thereby reducing the energy storage mass of the vehicle, improving the vehicle's cargo capacity, and the transportation capacity of a single transport unit, thereby improving the economic efficiency of mass promotion and application of the product. In addition, by using the hydrolysis chamber 411 and the skeleton-type hydrogen storage rod material, the contact area between the hydrogen storage material and the reaction water can be effectively increased, and by adjusting the distribution of the skeleton rod material, the contact area between the solid-state hydrogen storage material and the reaction water can be controlled, thereby further realizing the control of the hydrogen release rate and magnitude, and making the entire solid-state hydrogen pool module form an integrated structure with high energy density.

[0028] Preferably, the installation of the solid-state hydrogen storage component 42 inside the hydrogen release pool 41 is realized by welding stamping parts and sheet metal parts to ensure safety, and the entire solid-state hydrogen storage unit 4 is encapsulated by a skeleton and a protective plate outside the hydrogen release pool 41, so that the final solid-state hydrogen pool module can completely replace the position of the traditional solid-state battery arrangement, and during use, the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 4 can be quickly replaced in the form of a quick-change station. In addition, the solid-state hydrogen storage structure is preferably a skeleton structure composed of a combination of rods in a columnar, flat, or circular rotational form.

[0029] Preferably, the power battery module 2 may be equipped with a power battery auxiliary unit, such as charge control, battery balancing, circuit protection or thermal management, etc. The fuel cell module 3 may be equipped with a fuel cell auxiliary unit, such as air supply, anode hydrogen circulation, tail exhaust management or thermal management, etc.

[0030] Furthermore, combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the vehicle power system also includes a heat dissipation module 7. The heat dissipation module 7 includes a fuel cell heat dissipation unit, a solid hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit and a drive control heat dissipation unit. The fuel cell heat dissipation unit is docked with the fuel cell module 3, and the drive control heat dissipation unit is docked with the power drive module 1 and the vehicle control module 6 respectively. The solid hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit is docked with the solid hydrogen storage unit 4, including a medium circulation pipeline, a filter 711, a radiator 712 and a cooling pump 713. The hydrogen release pool 41 also includes a heat exchange chamber 414 arranged on the hydrolysis chamber 411. The heat exchange chamber 414 is respectively provided with a medium inlet and a medium outlet, and the medium outlet, the filter 711, the radiator 712, the cooling pump 713 and the medium inlet are connected in sequence through the medium circulation pipeline.

[0031] Furthermore, the solid hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit also includes a first temperature sensor 714, a second temperature sensor 715 and a medium compensation tank 72. The first temperature sensor 714 is arranged on the medium circulation pipeline between the filter 711 and the medium outlet, and the second temperature sensor 715 is arranged on the medium circulation pipeline between the cooling pump 713 and the medium inlet. The medium compensation tank 72 is provided with a medium compensation pipeline, and the other end of the medium compensation pipeline is located between the radiator 712 and the cooling pump 713 to connect the medium circulation pipeline. The medium compensation tank 72 is provided with a liquid addition and exhaust pipeline, and the other end of the liquid addition and exhaust pipeline is located between the medium outlet and the radiator 712 to connect the medium circulation pipeline.

[0032] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned vehicle power system embodiment, since the basic framework platform of the vehicle power system of the present invention still relies on the pure electric system platform, the upgrade iteration of commercial light trucks and heavy trucks matching the solid hydrogen pool module and the fuel cell module 3 is completed by optimizing and upgrading other systems without changing the power drive module 1 and the vehicle control module 6 of the pure electric system. Therefore, the fuel cell heat dissipation unit and the drive control heat dissipation unit in the present invention are still developed and utilized in continuation of the traditional pure electric platform. For example: the fuel cell heat dissipation unit maintains the optimal temperature range of the fuel cell module 3 during operation, and can take away excess heat through a liquid cooling system or an air cooling system to prevent overheating. The drive control heat dissipation unit is responsible for managing the heat of the power drive module 1 and the vehicle control module 6 to prevent overheating, and may include a liquid cooling or air cooling system, as well as a radiator 712, a fan, and the like.

[0033] The solid-state hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit for the solid-state hydrogen pool module is the core optimization. That is, the cooling pump 713 is a key component in the solid-state hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit, which is responsible for extracting the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange chamber 414 and filtering out impurities in the heat exchange medium through the filter 711. After cooling down through the radiator 712, the heat generated by the hydrolysis of the solid-state hydrogen storage component 42 inside the hydrogen release pool 41 is exchanged in the circulating heat exchange chamber 414, thereby achieving heat control during the hydrogen release process to meet the hydrogen temperature required by the fuel cell module 3. The radiator 712 is preferably a device with a cooling fan for cooling the heat exchange medium flowing through the radiator 712. The stable control of the exchange heat is achieved by controlling the fan speed of the radiator 712 and the speed of the cooling pump 713, thereby achieving heat control during the hydrogen release process. The temperature of the medium flowing out of the heat exchange chamber 414 is monitored in real time by the first temperature sensor 714, and the temperature of the medium flowing into the heat exchange chamber 414 is monitored in real time by the second temperature sensor 715, so that the temperature of the hydrogen released by the solid hydrogen storage component 42 can be dynamically adjusted to meet the hydrogen temperature required by the fuel cell module 3 according to the temperature difference between the outflowing medium and the inflowing medium. Among them, the temperature range of the hydrogen released by the solid hydrogen storage component 42 is usually above 200°C, so through certain cooling measures, the temperature is controlled at the temperature required by the fuel cell module 3. In addition, the humidity of the hydrogen released by the solid hydrogen storage component 42 is usually greater than 90%, and such humidity is also convenient for the use of the fuel cell module 3, so as to adapt to the vehicle's demand for hydrogen within a certain range of variation due to different operating scenarios and road conditions.

[0034] In addition, the medium compensation tank 72 is used to replenish the heat exchange medium when it is lacking in the solid hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit. Preferably, the heat exchange medium is a liquid medium, such as water or other liquid medium. The liquid addition and exhaust pipeline is used to discharge the air in the heat exchange medium flowing out of the medium outlet into the medium compensation tank 72 during the cooling process of the solid hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit, and to circulate the liquid that may accumulate in the medium circulation pipeline back to the medium compensation tank 72 when the vehicle power system is unloaded and shut down.

[0035] Further, the fuel cell heat dissipation unit includes a cooling water jacket 73. The inlet of the cooling water jacket 73 is connected to the medium inlet, and the outlet of the cooling water jacket 73 is connected to the inlet of the filter 711, so that the pipeline connecting the cooling water jacket 73 and the heat exchange chamber 414 constitutes a low temperature start-up circulation route.

[0036] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned vehicle power system embodiment, the cooling water jacket 73 of the fuel cell heat dissipation unit is an important part of the engine system (fuel cell stack) of the fuel cell module 3, and is mainly used to manage the heat of the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack of the fuel cell module 3 generates heat during operation, and the cooling water jacket 73 can absorb this heat through circulating water to prevent the fuel cell stack from overheating. However, under winter conditions, low temperature will reduce the solubility of hydrogen and the activity of the electrocatalyst, thereby causing the power output of the fuel cell stack to decrease, and even difficulty in starting. Therefore, a large amount of heat generated during the water-hydrogenation process of the solid hydrogen storage component 42 is used to transfer the heat generated by the hydrogen release to the cooling water jacket 73 of the engine system of the fuel cell module 3 through a low-temperature start-up circulation route. This method is conducive to the low-temperature start-up of the fuel cell stack under low-temperature conditions in winter. That is, the high-temperature medium in the heat exchange chamber 414 that exchanges heat with the hydrogen release heat of the solid hydrogen storage component 42 directly enters the cooling water jacket 73 of the fuel cell stack, which will quickly realize the "hot car" of the fuel cell stack, so as to greatly reduce the cold start time of the fuel cell module 3 in winter, thereby ensuring the low-temperature coping ability and thermal energy efficiency of the whole vehicle. Based on this structure, it can be horizontally extended to the thermal energy management inside the battery pack in the power battery module 2, so that the heat energy generated during the hydrogen release process of the solid hydrogen storage component 42 can be exchanged for the battery pack in the power battery module 2 through the heat exchange device, which can also save the heating energy of the pure electric battery, thereby improving the overall energy conversion efficiency of the system. Therefore, it can solve the problem of long charging time and battery capacity attenuation of traditional lithium batteries in low temperature environments, and can solve the safety risk problem of pure electric battery packs catching fire due to overheating during charging and discharging.

[0037] Further, look back Figure 1The power drive module 1 includes a DC-DC conversion unit 11, an all-in-one control unit 12, a signal drive unit 13 and multiple drive motors 14. The fuel cell module 3 and the power battery module 2 are electrically connected to the all-in-one controller respectively, and the fuel cell module 3 is electrically connected to the all-in-one controller through the DC-DC conversion unit 11. The all-in-one control unit 12 is electrically connected to the multiple drive motors 14 through the signal drive unit 13, and the drive motors 14 are used to connect to the drive wheels 15 of the vehicle.

[0038] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned vehicle power system embodiment, the power drive module 1 is the main part of the entire vehicle power system, responsible for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the vehicle forward. Among them, the DC-DC conversion unit 11 converts DC power of different voltages into the required voltage level, so that the DC power generated by the fuel cell module 3 is compatible with the all-in-one control unit 12 through conversion and regulation. The all-in-one control unit 12 can integrate multiple functions, such as a battery management system (BMS), a motor controller, an inverter, etc., responsible for monitoring and managing the operating status of the battery and the motor. In the embodiment of the present invention, the all-in-one control unit 12 is responsible for simultaneously managing the electrical energy from two different power sources, so that the fuel cell module 3 and the power battery module 2 can be hybridized to achieve rapid load changes and meet the needs of high dynamic response. The signal drive unit 13 is used to receive signals from the all-in-one control unit 12 and drive the corresponding drive motor 14 to control the operation of multiple drive motors 14 to achieve different drive modes and performance requirements. The drive motor 14 is a key component connected to the vehicle drive wheel 15, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the vehicle forward.

[0039] Preferably, the fuel cell module 3 is equipped with a fuel cell auxiliary unit, which can be used to adjust the pressure and flow of hydrogen supply, or manage the water generated during the operation of the fuel cell module 3, and control the rate of electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and air at the anode of the fuel cell module 3. The power battery module 2 is equipped with a power battery auxiliary unit, which may include battery management, thermal management, battery protection and diagnosis, etc.

[0040] The present invention also discloses a commercial vehicle, Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, it includes a vehicle body 8 and the above-mentioned vehicle power system. The vehicle body 8 includes a vehicle chassis 81, a vehicle upper body 82 and a vehicle cockpit 83. The power drive module 1 and the solid hydrogen pool module are both arranged on the vehicle chassis 81, and the power battery module 2 and the fuel cell module 3 are both arranged in the vehicle cockpit 83. A tail liquid recovery unit 84 is provided at the bottom of the vehicle chassis 81, and a tail liquid delivery pipeline connected to the solid hydrogen pool module is provided on the tail liquid recovery unit 84.

[0041] Through the implementation of the above commercial vehicle embodiment, without changing the structural layout of the original commercial vehicle, by matching the solid hydrogen pool module with a high-power commercial vehicle based on the fuel cell module 3, using hydrogen supply control with different pressure requirements, different temperature requirements, and different flow requirements, and using the fuel cell module 3 and the power battery module 2 for hybrid mode, the traditional internal combustion engine commercial vehicle exhaust emissions pollute the environment and high carbon emissions are effectively solved; the current commercial vehicle diesel dependence on imports of energy crisis; pure electric vehicles have short driving range, frequent charging, and long charging time, etc., so as to meet the endurance requirements of high-power commercial vehicles. Preferably, in order to ensure the heat dissipation capacity and heat exchange efficiency, the heat dissipation module 7 is arranged on the windward side of the vehicle. The above layout structure is preferably also applicable to heavy-duty tractors.

[0042] The commercial vehicle of the present invention utilizes a fuel cell module 3 based on a solid-state hydrogen pool module to achieve zero emissions, and at the same time has obvious advantages over pure lithium batteries. The energy storage density of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 4 can be more than 10 times that of a lithium battery, and the vehicle's driving range can also be increased to more than 10 times that of a pure electric vehicle, which has epoch-making subversive significance. The current energy density target for the next stage of lithium batteries is 200Wh / kg, and the hydrogen storage material selection of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 4 generally has a hydrogen storage density of 15wt% after at least adding water to release hydrogen. The current 49-ton pure electric tractor requires a 600kWh battery with a large power consumption, weighing nearly 4 tons. If a 3-ton solid-state hydrogen storage unit 4 is installed, 450kg of hydrogen can be stored. The low calorific value of hydrogen is 33kWh / kgH2. The fuel cell efficiency is calculated at 54%. The 3-ton solid-state hydrogen storage unit 4 can store 8000kWh of electricity. The energy density of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 4 is 2.66kWh / kg, which is 15 times that of a lithium battery. Even if solid-state batteries are industrialized in the future, the annual energy density can be increased to 300Wh / kg. The energy density of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 4 is 10 times that of solid-state batteries, which can achieve leapfrog iteration.

[0043] Secondly, the commercial vehicle using the present invention can store 450kg of hydrogen at one time. The current fuel cell heavy truck consumes 8kgH2 / 100km when driving at high speed, which can allow the vehicle to have a one-time driving range of more than 5000km. In this way, by replacing the solid hydrogen cell once, the driving range can exceed that of a fuel vehicle, which can bring revolutionary improvements to the entire new energy commercial vehicle industry: (1) For users, the convenience of use is greatly improved. You don't have to worry about energy problems for half a year. You can go to the solid hydrogen cell replacement station and replace it in 5-10 minutes, which greatly improves the convenience of use. The cost is greatly reduced. The solid hydrogen storage unit 4 can be provided in the form of leasing, which greatly reduces the cost of use compared with lithium batteries; safety is greatly improved. When the hydrogen in the solid hydrogen cell is not in use, it exists as a hydrogen compound, which truly realizes the use of hydrogen without seeing hydrogen, and there is no risk of fire and explosion. It is safer than oil vehicles and lithium electric vehicles.

[0044] (2) For the industrial sector, infrastructure construction is more convenient. Such fuel cell vehicles do not need to build hydrogen refueling stations. They only need to build solid hydrogen cell production enterprises at hydrogen mother stations or hydrogen production plants and transport them to solid hydrogen cell replacement stations. This greatly reduces infrastructure costs and avoids the problems of difficult approval and safety risks for hydrogen refueling stations. In the future, with the large-scale promotion of fuel cell vehicles using solid hydrogen cells, the construction of charging piles, charging stations, and gas stations can be reduced, greatly reducing social costs.

[0045] (3) For the large-scale deployment of renewable energy such as wind and solar in the west in the future, which cannot be connected to the power grid due to volatility, hydrogen can be produced and transported to the east using pure hydrogen pipelines or natural gas mixed with hydrogen. It only needs to be transported to the mother station, made into large quantities of solid hydrogen pools, and sent to various replacement stations for vehicle replacement. This method can promote the large-scale application of fuel cell vehicles, with energy sources from renewable energy, achieve energy control, and ensure national energy security.

[0046] Therefore, the commercial vehicle of the present invention utilizes hydrogen stored in solid materials, which has no risk of leakage, combustion and explosion, a large number of single transportable bases, low cost in manufacturing, transportation and refueling, no waste in the storage process, and allows storage in a confined space. There is no risk of explosion during the collision process, and the safety is greatly improved; it completely solves the safety problems of hydrogen energy terminal use and provides technical feasibility for the realization of hydrogen energy social ecology. At the same time, the structure of the solid hydrogen pool can be replaced in 5-10 minutes, and the mileage of a single replacement time of more than 5000km can effectively improve the operation efficiency of the whole vehicle.

[0047] The present invention also discloses a control method for controlling the above-mentioned vehicle power system, the control method comprising: Acquire the actual driving power parameters of the vehicle, and determine the start and stop and output power of the fuel cell module 3 by analyzing the power parameters; In response to the determination of the start and stop of the fuel cell module 3 and the output power, output a control instruction to start the fuel cell module 3; In response to the fuel cell module 3 receiving the control instruction, obtaining the operating parameters of the fuel cell module 3, and determining the hydrogen consumption condition of the fuel cell module 3 by analyzing the operating parameters; In response to the determination of the hydrogen consumption conditions of the fuel cell module 3, a control instruction is output to start the solid-state hydrogen cell module, and the hydrogen consumption conditions are fed back to the solid-state hydrogen cell module, and the hydrogen release rate and hydrogen release pressure of the solid-state hydrogen cell module are dynamically adjusted according to the hydrogen consumption conditions until the vehicle stops.

[0048] By implementing the control method embodiment described above, it is ensured that each module works stably and reliably, and a closed-loop control of the entire control system is achieved, namely, the resource interaction of hydrogen between the solid-state hydrogen pool module and the fuel cell module 3, and the information interaction of the power supply status between the fuel cell module 3 and the power battery module 2.

[0049] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. For those skilled in the art, the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can be modified, or some of the technical features therein can be replaced by equivalents; and all these modifications and replacements should fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle power system based on a solid hydrogen pool, characterized in that: The vehicle power system comprises: A power drive module is used to provide driving force for the vehicle; A power battery module is connected to the power drive module and provides electric energy to the power drive module based on pure electricity; A fuel cell module, connected to the power drive module, and providing electric energy to the power drive module based on hydrogen fuel; A solid-state hydrogen pool module is connected to the fuel cell module and is used to provide a hydrogen source for the fuel cell module after the solid-state hydrogen storage material decomposes hydrogen with water, and dynamically adjusts the hydrogen release rate and hydrogen release pressure according to the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell module; The vehicle control module is respectively connected to the power drive module, the power battery module, the fuel cell module, and the solid-state hydrogen pool module for closed-loop control of the operation of each module according to the vehicle power demand.

2. The vehicle power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen pool module includes a solid-state hydrogen storage unit and a hydrogen release auxiliary unit. The solid-state hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen release pool and a solid-state hydrogen storage component arranged in the hydrogen release pool. The hydrogen release auxiliary unit includes a hydrolysis component and a hydrogen transmission component. The hydrolysis component is connected to the hydrogen release pool and is used to quantitatively inject reaction water into the hydrogen release pool. The hydrogen transmission component is connected to the hydrogen release pool and the fuel cell module and is used to quantitatively store and transport the hydrogen released after the solid-state hydrogen storage component is hydrolyzed.

3. The vehicle power system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrolysis component includes a water tank, a water pump and a water sprinkler, and the water tank, the water pump, the water sprinkler and the hydrogen release pool are connected in sequence. The hydrogen transport component includes a buffer tank and a pressure sensor, and the hydrogen release pool, the buffer tank and the fuel cell module are connected in sequence, and the pressure sensor is arranged at the outlet of the buffer tank.

4. The vehicle power system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen release pool includes independently arranged hydrolysis chamber, hydrogen storage chamber and tail liquid chamber, the hydrogen storage chamber is arranged at the top of the hydrolysis chamber, the tail liquid chamber is arranged at the bottom of the hydrolysis chamber, and the hydrolysis chamber is provided with flow channels respectively connected with the hydrogen storage chamber and the tail liquid chamber, the solid-state hydrogen storage component is arranged in the hydrolysis chamber, and the solid-state hydrogen storage structure is a skeleton structure composed of a plurality of hydrogen storage rods.

5. The vehicle power system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vehicle power system further includes a heat dissipation module, which includes a fuel cell heat dissipation unit, a solid hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit, and a drive control heat dissipation unit; The fuel cell heat dissipation unit is connected to the fuel cell module, and the drive control heat dissipation unit is connected to the power drive module and the vehicle control module respectively; The solid-state hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, and includes a medium circulation pipeline, a filter, a radiator and a cooling pump. The hydrogen release pool also includes a heat exchange chamber arranged on the hydrolysis chamber. The heat exchange chamber is respectively provided with a medium inlet and a medium outlet, and the medium outlet, the filter, the radiator, the cooling pump and the medium inlet are connected in sequence through the medium circulation pipeline.

6. The vehicle power system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solid hydrogen pool heat dissipation unit further includes a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a medium compensation tank, wherein the first temperature sensor is arranged on the medium circulation pipeline between the filter and the medium outlet, and the second temperature sensor is arranged on the medium circulation pipeline between the cooling pump and the medium inlet; The medium compensation tank is provided with a medium compensation pipeline, and the other end of the medium compensation pipeline is located between the radiator and the cooling pump and connected to the medium circulation pipeline. The medium compensation tank is provided with a liquid adding and exhausting pipeline, and the other end of the liquid adding and exhausting pipeline is located between the medium outlet and the radiator and connected to the medium circulation pipeline.

7. The vehicle power system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The fuel cell heat dissipation unit includes a cooling water jacket, the inlet of the cooling water jacket is connected to the medium inlet, and the outlet of the cooling water jacket is connected to the inlet of the filter, so that the pipeline connecting the cooling water jacket and the heat exchange chamber constitutes a low-temperature startup circulation route.

8. The vehicle power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power drive module includes a DC-DC conversion unit, an all-in-one control unit, a signal drive unit and a plurality of drive motors. The fuel cell module and the power battery module are electrically connected to the all-in-one controller respectively, and the fuel cell module is electrically connected to the all-in-one controller through the DC-DC conversion unit. The all-in-one control unit is electrically connected to the plurality of drive motors through the signal drive unit, and the drive motors are used to connect to the drive wheels of the vehicle.

9. A commercial vehicle, comprising a vehicle body, characterized in that: The commercial vehicle also includes the vehicle power system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the vehicle body includes a vehicle chassis, a vehicle superstructure and a vehicle cockpit, the power drive module and the solid-state hydrogen pool module are both arranged on the vehicle chassis, the power battery module and the fuel cell module are both arranged in the vehicle cockpit, a tail liquid recovery unit is provided at the bottom of the vehicle chassis, and a tail liquid delivery pipeline connected to the solid-state hydrogen pool module is provided on the tail liquid recovery unit.

10. A control method, characterized in that: Used to control the vehicle power system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the control method comprising: Acquiring power parameters of the actual driving of the vehicle, and determining the start and stop and output power of the fuel cell module by analyzing the power parameters; In response to the determination of the start and stop of the fuel cell module and the output power, outputting a control instruction to start the fuel cell module; In response to the fuel cell module receiving a control instruction, obtaining operating parameters of the fuel cell module, and determining a hydrogen consumption condition of the fuel cell module by analyzing the operating parameters; In response to the determination of the hydrogen consumption condition of the fuel cell module, a control instruction is output to start the solid-state hydrogen pool module, and the hydrogen consumption condition is fed back to the solid-state hydrogen pool module, and the hydrogen release rate and hydrogen release pressure of the solid-state hydrogen pool module are dynamically adjusted according to the hydrogen consumption condition until the vehicle stops.

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