Ship nuclear power system and ship

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ships, and discloses a ship nuclear power system and a ship, in the ship nuclear power system, a reactor is used for containing liquid salt and a fission material, the fission material can generate nuclear fission in the reactor so as to generate a large amount of heat and heat the liquid salt, and a heat exchanger is used for allowing the liquid salt and water to enter. The liquid salt and the water can be subjected to heat exchange in the heat exchanger, so that the water is heated to form steam, the liquid salt serves as a heating medium and is used for heating the water, the steam turbine is used for allowing the steam to enter, the steam can push blades of the steam turbine to rotate to output power, and the emergency discharging tank is connected with the reactor. Liquid salt and fission materials in the reactor can enter the emergency discharging tank, so that when the reactor has an accident, the liquid salt and the fission materials in the reactor can be quickly discharged into the emergency discharging tank, high-temperature materials are prevented from continuously remaining in the reactor, the reactor is convenient to cool, and the safety of the reactor is improved. The reactor can be protected to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ships, and in particular to a ship nuclear power system and a ship. Background Art

[0002] Ships mainly use fuel oil to provide navigation power. The combustion of fuel oil will produce a large amount of CO2 and NO X 、SO X The use of new energy sources such as methanol, LNG and ammonia fuels cannot fundamentally solve the problems of pollutant gas and material emissions.

[0003] In this regard, the prior art provides a solution of using the energy generated by nuclear fission as ship power. However, the operating environment of ships is relatively harsh. In order to avoid nuclear accidents, ship nuclear power systems are usually equipped with emergency protection devices. For example, the prior art provides a ship nuclear power system, which can inject water into the reactor through an emergency water injection cooling system to quickly cool the core when a serious accident occurs in the reactor core. However, the problem is that the cooling of the reactor takes a certain amount of time, during which the nuclear fuel remains in the reactor, which still poses a certain risk. Summary of the invention

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a ship nuclear power system to solve the problem in the prior art that the cooling of the reactor requires a certain amount of time, during which the nuclear fuel remains in the reactor, which still poses certain risks.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] Ship nuclear power system, including:

[0007] a reactor for containing liquid salt and fissile material capable of undergoing nuclear fission within said reactor;

[0008] A heat exchanger, for liquid salt and water to enter, and the liquid salt and water can exchange heat in the heat exchanger to heat the water to form steam;

[0009] A steam turbine, for steam to enter, the steam can drive the blades of the steam turbine to rotate to output power;

[0010] An emergency unloading tank is connected to the reactor, and the liquid salt and fission material in the reactor can enter the emergency unloading tank.

[0011] As a preferred solution for the ship's nuclear power system, it also includes an emergency unloading pipeline, which connects the reactor and the emergency unloading tank. An emergency unloading valve is provided on the emergency unloading pipeline, and the emergency unloading valve is used to connect or disconnect the emergency unloading pipeline.

[0012] As a preferred solution for the ship's nuclear power system, the valve core of the emergency unloading valve is configured to melt when the temperature reaches a temperature threshold, so as to connect the emergency unloading pipeline.

[0013] As a preferred solution for a nuclear power system for a ship, the reactor has a first reactor inlet for liquid salt to enter and a first reactor outlet for liquid salt to flow in, the heat exchanger has a first heat exchanger inlet for liquid salt to enter and a first heat exchanger outlet for liquid salt to flow out, and also has a second heat exchanger inlet for water to enter and a second heat exchanger outlet for steam to flow out, the first heat exchanger inlet is connected to the first reactor outlet, the first heat exchanger outlet is connected to the first reactor inlet, the steam turbine has a turbine inlet for steam to enter and a turbine outlet for steam or water to flow out, the turbine inlet is connected to the second heat exchanger outlet, and the turbine outlet is connected to the second heat exchanger inlet.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the ship nuclear power system, it also includes a first circulating pump and a second circulating pump, the input end of the first circulating pump is connected to the outlet of the first heat exchanger, the output end of the first circulating pump is connected to the inlet of the first reactor, the input end of the second circulating pump is connected to the outlet of the steam turbine, and the output end of the second circulating pump is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the ship nuclear power system, the reactor also has a second reactor inlet for liquid salt to enter and a second reactor outlet for liquid salt to flow out. The ship nuclear power system also includes a chemical treatment module, which has a chemical treatment module inlet for liquid salt to enter and a chemical treatment module outlet for liquid salt to flow out. The chemical treatment module inlet is connected to the second reactor outlet, and the chemical treatment module outlet is connected to the second reactor inlet. The chemical treatment module is used to purify the liquid salt.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the ship nuclear power system, it also includes a compressor arranged between the outlet of the second heat exchanger and the inlet of the steam turbine, and the compressor is used to compress steam.

[0017] As a preferred solution for the ship's nuclear power system, it also includes a control rod movably arranged on the reactor, and the control rod is used to adjust the nuclear fission intensity of the fission material of the reactor.

[0018] As a preferred solution for the ship nuclear power system, it also includes a generator, which is connected to the blades of the steam turbine. The steam in the steam turbine can drive the blades of the steam turbine to rotate, so as to drive the generator to generate electricity.

[0019] According to another aspect of the present invention, a ship is provided, comprising the above-mentioned ship nuclear power system.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The present invention provides a ship nuclear power system, including a reactor, a heat exchanger, a steam turbine and an emergency unloading tank. The reactor is used to contain liquid salt and fissionable materials. The fissionable materials can undergo nuclear fission in the reactor, thereby generating a large amount of heat and heating the liquid salt. The heat exchanger is used for the liquid salt and water to enter, and the liquid salt and water can undergo heat exchange in the heat exchanger to heat the water to form steam, thereby using the liquid salt as a heating medium to heat the water. The steam turbine is used for the steam to enter, and the steam can drive the blades of the steam turbine to rotate to output power, thereby converting the heat generated by the nuclear fission of the fissionable materials into kinetic energy for the rotation of the turbine blades. The emergency unloading tank is connected to the reactor, and the liquid salt and fissionable materials in the reactor can enter the emergency unloading tank, so that when an accident occurs in the reactor, the liquid salt and fissionable materials in the reactor can be quickly discharged into the emergency unloading tank, thereby avoiding the high-temperature materials from continuing to remain in the reactor, facilitating the cooling of the reactor, and playing a certain protective role for the reactor.

[0022] The present embodiment also provides a ship, including the above-mentioned ship nuclear power system. In the ship nuclear power system, when an accident occurs in the reactor, the liquid salt and fission material in the reactor can be quickly discharged into the emergency unloading tank, thereby avoiding the high-temperature material from continuing to remain in the reactor, facilitating the cooling of the reactor, and playing a certain protective role for the reactor, thereby improving the safety of the ship. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ship nuclear power system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchanger in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure:

[0026] 1. Reactor; 11. First reactor inlet; 12. First reactor outlet; 13. Second reactor inlet; 14. Second reactor outlet;

[0027] 2. heat exchanger; 21. first heat exchanger inlet; 22. first heat exchanger outlet; 23. second heat exchanger inlet; 24. second heat exchanger outlet;

[0028] 3. Steam turbine; 31. Steam turbine inlet; 32. Steam turbine outlet;

[0029] 4. Emergency unloading tank; 41. Emergency unloading pipeline; 42. Emergency unloading valve;

[0030] 51. A first circulation pump; 52. A second circulation pump;

[0031] 6. Chemical treatment module; 61. Chemical treatment module entrance; 62. Chemical treatment module exit;

[0032] 7. Compressor;

[0033] 8. Control rod;

[0034] 9. Generator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0038] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and other directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0039] The prior art provides a solution for using the energy generated by nuclear fission as ship power, but the operating environment of ships is relatively harsh. In order to avoid nuclear accidents, ship nuclear power systems are usually equipped with emergency protection devices. For example, the prior art provides a ship nuclear power system, which can inject water into the reactor through an emergency water injection cooling system to quickly cool the core when a serious accident occurs in the reactor core. However, the problem is that the cooling of the reactor takes a certain amount of time, during which the nuclear fuel remains in the reactor, which still poses a certain risk.

[0040] In this regard, this embodiment provides a ship nuclear power system to solve the problem in the prior art that it takes a certain amount of time to cool the reactor, during which time the nuclear fuel remains in the reactor, which still poses certain risks. The system can be used in the field of ship technology.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 The ship nuclear power system includes a reactor 1, a heat exchanger 2, a steam turbine 3 and an emergency unloading tank 4. The reactor 1 is used to contain liquid salt and fissile materials. The fissile materials can undergo nuclear fission in the reactor 1, thereby generating a large amount of heat and heating the liquid salt. Specifically, the fissile materials can be materials such as thorium or uranium, and can undergo a chain reaction in the reactor 1 to generate a large amount of heat. It can be understood that the specific structure of the reactor 1 and the principle of the chain reaction are already relatively mature solutions in the field, and no further description is given. The heat exchanger 2 is used for liquid salt and water to enter, and the liquid salt and water can undergo heat exchange in the heat exchanger 2 to heat the water to form steam, thereby using the liquid salt as a heating medium to heat the water. The steam turbine 3 is used for steam to enter, and the steam can drive the blades of the steam turbine 3 to rotate to output power, thereby converting the heat generated by the nuclear fission of the fissile material into kinetic energy for the rotation of the blades of the steam turbine 3. The emergency unloading tank 4 is connected to the reactor 1, and the liquid salt and fission material in the reactor 1 can enter the emergency unloading tank 4. Therefore, when an accident occurs in the reactor 1, the liquid salt and fission material in the reactor 1 can be quickly discharged into the emergency unloading tank 4, thereby avoiding high-temperature materials from continuing to remain in the reactor 1, facilitating the cooling of the reactor 1, and playing a certain protective role for the reactor 1.

[0042] Optionally, the ship's nuclear power system is provided with a water injection cooling system, which is used to inject water into the reactor 1 to cool the reactor 1. Its specific structure and principle are already relatively mature solutions in this field and will not be described in detail. In addition, the water injection cooling system can also be used to inject water into the emergency unloading tank 4 to cool the emergency unloading tank 4.

[0043] Optionally, a plurality of emergency unloading tanks 4 are provided, and the plurality of emergency unloading tanks 4 are all connected to the reactor 1 and used for the liquid salt and fission material in the reactor 1 to enter, so that the liquid salt and fission material in the reactor 1 can be stored separately by the plurality of emergency unloading tanks 4, thereby avoiding the concentration of the above materials and resulting in a decrease in cooling efficiency.

[0044] Continue to refer to Figure 1 The nuclear power system of the ship also includes an emergency unloading pipeline 41, which connects the reactor 1 and the emergency unloading tank 4. An emergency unloading valve 42 is provided on the emergency unloading pipeline 41. The emergency unloading valve 42 is used to connect or disconnect the emergency unloading pipeline 41, so that the on-off of the emergency unloading pipeline 41 is controlled by the emergency unloading valve 42. When the reactor 1 is operating normally, the emergency unloading pipeline 41 can be controlled to be disconnected to prevent liquid salt and fission material from entering the emergency unloading tank 4. When an accident occurs in the reactor 1, the emergency unloading pipeline 41 can be controlled to be connected, so that the liquid salt and fission material in the reactor 1 can be discharged to the emergency unloading tank 4.

[0045] In some embodiments, the emergency discharge valve 42 is controlled by mechanical control or electronic control. However, in the event of a nuclear accident, the mechanical control structure or the electronic control element may be damaged by nuclear radiation, resulting in the emergency discharge valve 42 being unable to open normally. Figure 1 The valve core of the emergency unloading valve 42 is configured to melt when the temperature reaches a temperature threshold so that the emergency unloading pipeline 41 is connected, thereby making the valve core of the emergency unloading valve 42 automatically melt at high temperature, thereby avoiding the risk of the emergency unloading valve 42 being unable to open normally due to damage to the mechanical control structure or electronic control components due to nuclear radiation in the event of a nuclear accident.

[0046] Reference Figure 1-Figure 2The reactor 1 has a first reactor inlet 11 for liquid salt to enter and a first reactor outlet 12 for liquid salt to flow in. The heat exchanger 2 has a first heat exchanger inlet 21 for liquid salt to enter and a first heat exchanger outlet 22 for liquid salt to flow out. It also has a second heat exchanger inlet 23 for water to enter and a second heat exchanger outlet 24 for steam to flow out. The first heat exchanger inlet 21 is connected to the first reactor outlet 12, and the first heat exchanger outlet 22 is connected to the first reactor inlet 11. The steam turbine 3 has a steam turbine inlet 31 for steam to enter and a steam turbine outlet 32 ​​for steam or water to flow out. The steam turbine inlet 31 is connected to the second heat exchanger outlet 24, and the steam turbine outlet 32 ​​is connected to the second heat exchanger inlet 23. The liquid salt is heated in the reactor 1, and it enters the heat exchanger 2 through the first reactor outlet 12 and the first heat exchanger inlet 21 in turn. After heat exchange with water, it flows back to the reactor 1 through the first heat exchanger outlet 22 and the first reactor inlet 11 in turn. The water is heated in the heat exchanger 2 to form steam, which enters the steam turbine 3 through the second heat exchanger outlet 24 and the turbine inlet 31 in turn, and drives the blades of the steam turbine 3 to rotate. At the same time, the steam is cooled and becomes water, which flows back to the heat exchanger 2 through the turbine outlet 32 ​​and the second heat exchanger inlet 23 in turn.

[0047] Continue to refer to Figure 1-Figure 2 The ship nuclear power system also includes a first circulation pump 51 and a second circulation pump 52. The input end of the first circulation pump 51 is connected to the first heat exchanger outlet 22, and the output end of the first circulation pump 51 is connected to the first reactor inlet 11. The first circulation pump 51 is used to drive the liquid salt to circulate between the reactor 1 and the heat exchanger 2. The input end of the second circulation pump 52 is connected to the turbine outlet 32, and the output end of the second circulation pump 52 is connected to the second heat exchanger inlet 23. The second circulation pump 52 is used to drive water to re-enter the heat exchanger 2.

[0048] Continue to refer to Figure 1-Figure 2 The reactor 1 also has a second reactor inlet 13 for liquid salt to enter and a second reactor outlet 14 for liquid salt to flow out. The ship nuclear power system also includes a chemical treatment module 6. The chemical treatment module 6 has a chemical treatment module inlet 61 for liquid salt to enter and a chemical treatment module outlet 62 for liquid salt to flow out. The chemical treatment module inlet 61 is connected to the second reactor outlet 14, and the chemical treatment module outlet 62 is connected to the second reactor inlet 13. The chemical treatment module 6 is used to purify the liquid salt, thereby purifying the liquid salt. The specific structure and purification principle of the chemical treatment module 6 are already relatively mature solutions in the field, and will not be repeated here.

[0049] Optionally, the emergency unloading pipeline 41 is connected to the pipeline between the second reactor outlet 14 and the chemical processing module inlet 61 .

[0050] Continue to refer to Figure 1-Figure 2 The ship nuclear power system further includes a compressor 7 disposed between the second heat exchanger outlet 24 and the steam turbine inlet 31 , and the compressor 7 is used for compressing the steam, thereby further increasing the pressure of the steam to drive the steam turbine 3 to work.

[0051] Continue to refer to Figure 1-Figure 2 The ship nuclear power system also includes a generator 9, which is connected to the blades of the steam turbine 3. The steam in the steam turbine 3 can drive the blades of the steam turbine 3 to rotate, so as to drive the generator 9 to generate electricity. The generator 9 is used to output electrical energy to provide power for the ship, or to supply power to equipment such as ship auxiliary machinery.

[0052] Continue to refer to Figure 1-Figure 2 The ship nuclear power system further includes a control rod 8 movably arranged in the reactor 1, and the control rod 8 is used to adjust the nuclear fission strength of the fission material of the reactor 1. Specifically, the control rod 8 is made of cadmium and can be inserted into the reactor 1. Since cadmium is a strong neutron absorber, the supply of fission neutrons is adjusted, and then the intensity of the chain reaction and the heat generated are adjusted.

[0053] The present embodiment also provides a ship, including the above-mentioned ship nuclear power system. In the ship nuclear power system, when an accident occurs in the reactor 1, the liquid salt and fission material in the reactor 1 can be quickly discharged into the emergency unloading tank 4, thereby avoiding the high-temperature material from continuing to remain in the reactor 1, facilitating the cooling of the reactor 1, and playing a certain protective role on the reactor 1, thereby improving the safety of the ship.

[0054] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ship nuclear power system, characterized in that: include: A reactor (1) for containing liquid salt and fissile material, wherein the fissile material is capable of undergoing nuclear fission in the reactor (1); A heat exchanger (2) for liquid salt and water to enter, and the liquid salt and water can exchange heat in the heat exchanger (2) so that the water is heated to form steam; A steam turbine (3) for receiving steam, wherein the steam can drive the blades of the steam turbine (3) to rotate so as to output power; An emergency unloading tank (4) is connected to the reactor (1), and liquid salt and fissile material in the reactor (1) can enter the emergency unloading tank (4).

2. The ship nuclear power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises an emergency unloading pipeline (41), the emergency unloading pipeline (41) connecting the reactor (1) and the emergency unloading tank (4), and an emergency unloading valve (42) is arranged on the emergency unloading pipeline (41), and the emergency unloading valve (42) is used to connect or disconnect the emergency unloading pipeline (41).

3. The ship nuclear power system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The valve core of the emergency discharge valve (42) is configured to melt when the temperature reaches a temperature threshold, so as to allow the emergency discharge pipeline (41) to communicate.

4. The ship nuclear power system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The reactor (1) has a first reactor inlet (11) for liquid salt to enter and a first reactor outlet (12) for liquid salt to flow in; the heat exchanger (2) has a first heat exchanger inlet (21) for liquid salt to enter and a first heat exchanger outlet (22) for liquid salt to flow out, and also has a second heat exchanger inlet (23) for water to enter and a second heat exchanger outlet (24) for steam to flow out; the first heat exchanger inlet (21) is connected to the first reactor outlet (12), and the first heat exchanger outlet (22) is connected to the first reactor inlet (11); the steam turbine (3) has a steam turbine inlet (31) for steam to enter and a steam turbine outlet (32) for steam or water to flow out; the steam turbine inlet (31) is connected to the second heat exchanger outlet (24), and the steam turbine outlet (32) is connected to the second heat exchanger inlet (23).

5. The ship nuclear power system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a first circulation pump (51) and a second circulation pump (52), wherein the input end of the first circulation pump (51) is connected to the outlet (22) of the first heat exchanger, the output end of the first circulation pump (51) is connected to the inlet (11) of the first reactor, the input end of the second circulation pump (52) is connected to the outlet (32) of the steam turbine, and the output end of the second circulation pump (52) is connected to the inlet (23) of the second heat exchanger.

6. The ship nuclear power system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reactor (1) also has a second reactor inlet (13) for liquid salt to enter and a second reactor outlet (14) for liquid salt to flow out. The ship nuclear power system also includes a chemical treatment module (6). The chemical treatment module (6) has a chemical treatment module inlet (61) for liquid salt to enter and a chemical treatment module outlet (62) for liquid salt to flow out. The chemical treatment module inlet (61) is connected to the second reactor outlet (14), and the chemical treatment module outlet (62) is connected to the second reactor inlet (13). The chemical treatment module (6) is used to purify the liquid salt.

7. The ship nuclear power system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a compressor (7) arranged between the outlet (24) of the second heat exchanger and the inlet (31) of the steam turbine, wherein the compressor (7) is used for compressing steam.

8. The ship nuclear power system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It also comprises a control rod (8) movably arranged on the reactor (1), and the control rod (8) is used to adjust the nuclear fission intensity of the fission material of the reactor (1).

9. The ship nuclear power system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It also comprises a generator (9), the generator (9) being connected to the blades of the steam turbine (3), and the steam in the steam turbine (3) can drive the blades of the steam turbine (3) to rotate, thereby driving the generator (9) to generate electricity.

10. A vessel, characterized in that Comprising a ship nuclear power system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images